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Learn how to keep symptoms at bay.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two major types of inflammatory bowel disease. They’re part of a group of disorders in which the small and large intestines become inflamed. The exact cause is a mystery, but scientists have discovered some clues as to what may cause Crohn’s and colitis. The symptoms of the diseases can vary in each individual, but some symptoms are more common than others. The good news is, you can take steps to reduce your symptoms and keep them from interfering with your life.","description":"Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two major types of inflammatory bowel disease. They’re part of a group of disorders in which the small and large intestines become inflamed. The exact cause is a mystery, but scientists have discovered some clues as to what may cause Crohn’s and colitis. 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The inflammation lasts longer than it would in a healthy person because the immune system of someone with Crohn’s or colitis can’t flip the inflammation switch to off.</li>\n<li><strong>Environmental factors:</strong> Smoking; a diet high in refined sugars, animal proteins, and fats; certain drugs, such as antibiotics; and stress are thought to alter the population of intestinal bacteria and cause chronic inflammation in the intestines.\n<p>In addition, because of the improved hygiene conditions in the developed world, children aren’t exposed to as many germs as they used to be 20 years ago. So, the immune system has shifted away from fighting infection to developing autoimmune diseases like Crohn’s and colitis.</li>\n<li><strong>Genetics:</strong> Gene mutations are thought to be unique in Crohn’s and colitis patients and may be the culprit in causing defects in the immune system and other mechanisms, leading to persistent inflammation in the intestines. In addition, if you have a family history of Crohn’s and colitis, you’re more likely to have the disease yourself, especially if your family history includes a first-degree relative, such as a parent, child, or sibling.</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"article-tips remember\">All these factors are just <em>potential</em> causes of Crohn’s and colitis. Plenty of people with a genetic mutation or family history never develop the disease themselves, and plenty of people with the disease have no genetic mutation or family history.</p>\n"},{"title":"Common symptoms of Crohn's and colitis","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Crohn’s and colitis are two different diseases, but they share many of the same symptoms. Here’s a list of the common symptoms of Crohn’s and colitis:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chronic diarrhea:</strong> Diarrhea is the frequent passage of watery or semi-formed stools. Everybody gets diarrhea from time to time, but diarrhea lasting longer than 30 days is a common symptom of Crohn’s and colitis.</li>\n<li><strong>Blood in the stool: </strong>You may notice bright red blood in your stool, or your stool may be black in color, which is a sign of old, clotted blood.</li>\n<li><strong>Abdominal pain:</strong> You may experience abdominal pain anywhere in the abdomen.</li>\n<li><strong>Rectal urgency:</strong> When you have Crohn’s or colitis, you may experience a sudden, compelling need to have a bowel movement. This is known as rectal urgency.</li>\n<li><strong>Tenesmus: </strong>Tenesmus is a constant sensation of fullness and incomplete relief during a bowel movement. You may feel like you need to go to the bathroom, but then you don’t have an actual bowel movement.</li>\n<li><strong>Intolerable abdominal pain:</strong> If you develop intolerable abdominal pain, it may point toward intestinal obstruction, perforation, or severe inflammation. You may also notice other signs like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension.</li>\n<li><strong>Weight loss:</strong> When you have Crohn’s or colitis and you’re losing weight, inflammation is still active. Most of your body energy is being diverted to control inflammation, and your nutrition isn’t keeping up with the amount of energy your body is expending.If you’ve had colitis for many years and you’re now starting to lose weight, this could be worrisome. Longstanding colitis puts you at risk for cancer, so be sure to notify your doctor immediately about any weight loss you experience.</li>\n<li><strong>Fever and chills:</strong> Developing any fever with or without chills may point to worsening inflammation, infection in your intestines, or an intestinal <em>abscess</em> (collection of pus).</li>\n<li><strong>Severe bleeding:</strong> If you notice blood in your stool every time you go to the bathroom, you may have a severe inflammation.</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"article-tips warning\">If you experience any of the preceding signs or symptoms, consult your doctor right away.</p>\n"},{"title":"Eight things that may worsen your Crohn's and colitis symptoms","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Taking your medications as prescribed is one way to keep your Crohn’s and colitis under control. However, the disease can become active despite taking medications. Certain things are known to trigger Crohn’s and colitis flares or increase your symptoms. But if you know about these triggers ahead of time and avoid them, you can help yourself stay in remission and avoid flares. Here are the common triggers for Crohn’s and colitis:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Smoking:</strong> Smoking not only increases your risk of having Crohn’s disease, it makes the disease worse, causing you to have more flares. Studies have also shown that smoking brings Crohn’s disease back after surgery. The relationship between smoking and ulcerative colitis is interesting. Many patients get their first attack of colitis after quitting smoking. But that doesn’t mean resuming will cure your colitis.</li>\n<li><strong>Drugs:</strong> Various drugs can trigger Crohn’s and colitis symptoms, including frequent use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as Motrin, Advil, or Aleve. Certain antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and penicillin, increase your risk of having an infection of your intestines, which can mimic acute flare.\n<p>Talk with your doctor if you have any concerns about the medications you’ve been prescribed. Don’t stop taking a prescribed antibiotic without consulting with your doctor first.</li>\n<li><strong>Diet:</strong> Certain foods may give you more problems than others, but everyone reacts differently to different foods. What your sibling with Crohn’s or colitis can tolerate and what you can tolerate may be different. Pay attention to which foods are giving you trouble, and avoid them in the future. Here are some common culprits:\n<ul>\n<li>Artificial sweeteners</li>\n<li>Fatty foods</li>\n<li>High-fiber food</li>\n<li>Gas-producing food, such as lentils, beans, legumes, and broccoli</li>\n<li>Caffeine</li>\n<li>Spicy foods</li>\n<li>Nuts and seeds</li>\n<li>Dairy products if you’re lactose intolerant</li>\n<li>Wheat and other products<em> </em>if you’re sensitive to gluten</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Alcohol:</strong> Studies have <em>not</em> shown that drinking adversely affects the inflammation in Crohn’s and colitis patients. Alcohol does, however, irritate the intestines and can worsen symptoms of diarrhea in some patients. It can also interact with certain medications you may take for your disease, such as metronidazole and methotrexate.</li>\n<li><strong>Dehydration: </strong>Active disease makes you go to the restroom frequently, causing you to lose water and salt and putting you at risk for dehydration. Dehydration itself can cause stress to your body functions and cause more weakness and inability to cope with illness. And a vicious cycle starts. Bottom line: Stay hydrated by drinking at least eight 8-ounce glasses of clean water a day.\n<p>The amount of water you need may vary depending on your age, weight, activity level, and body fluid losses (such as water lost during diarrhea). Talk with your doctor and dietitian about your total daily water requirement.</li>\n<li><strong>Depression:</strong> Studies have shown that depression can cause disease flare. You can have more symptoms and an increase in inflammation of the intestines when you’re depressed. Your doctor may prescribe an antidepressant to treat depression and, thus, reduce the symptoms of your Crohn’s or colitis. Be sure to talk with your doctor if you’re feeling depressed.</li>\n<li><strong>Lack of sleep:</strong> Sleep can affect the immune system, and poor sleep or sleep deprivation can activate inflammation. Poor sleepers tend to have more inflammation of their intestines and are at risk for future flares. Getting an uninterrupted seven to eight hours of sleep per night can keep your symptoms at bay.</li>\n<li><strong>Stress:</strong> Stress has a negative impact on the immune system. Physical and emotional stress has been shown to cause disease flare and an increase in symptoms. Nobody has a stress-free life, but do what you can to keep your stress to a minimum, even if that means taking a yoga class or dropping the kids off at your health club’s daycare center while you sit in the sauna for 30 minutes. (Just make sure to stay hydrated if you’re sweating out your stress.)</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-10-13T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208002},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:58:00+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-09-12T17:43:33+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:19:58+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Body, Mind, & Spirit","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34038"},"slug":"body-mind-spirit","categoryId":34038},{"name":"Physical Health & Well-Being","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34095"},"slug":"physical-health-well-being","categoryId":34095},{"name":"Diseases","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34139"},"slug":"diseases","categoryId":34139},{"name":"Parkinson's","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34162"},"slug":"parkinsons","categoryId":34162}],"title":"Parkinson’s Disease For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"parkinson’s disease for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"parkinsons-disease-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Having Parkinson’s disease (PD) makes for a challenging journey. 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Give a copy to your care partner, as well.</li>\n<li>Tell all doctors of allergies or other problems.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Ask the doctor:</h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Name of medicine</li>\n<li>Purpose</li>\n<li>Dosing schedule (how much, how often)</li>\n<li>How to take it and how long to take it</li>\n<li>Side effects</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Ask the pharmacist to:</h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Check your new Rx with your current Rx and OTC meds for possible interactions</li>\n<li>Print the label in large print</li>\n<li>Provide easy-to-open caps</li>\n<li>Explain how to take the med</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>At home:</h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Add the new med to the list of meds that you carry with you</li>\n<li>Read and file the informational printout that comes with your new med</li>\n<li>Take the med exactly as prescribed</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Words and acronyms to know","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<ul>\n<li><strong>Akinesia: </strong>Inability to move spontaneously</li>\n<li><strong>Ataxia:</strong> Impaired balance and coordination</li>\n<li><strong>Bradykinesia: </strong>Slowed movement</li>\n<li><strong>Carbidopa/levodopa: </strong>Medication to relieve PD symptoms</li>\n<li><strong>Dopamine: </strong>Acts as one of the brain’s messengers to signal movement and maintain balance and coordination</li>\n<li><strong>Dyskinesia: </strong>Abnormal involuntary movements</li>\n<li><strong>PD: </strong>Parkinson’s disease</li>\n<li><strong>PWP: </strong>Person (or people) with Parkinson’s disease</li>\n<li><strong>T.R.A.P.: </strong>Acronym for four primary PD symptoms:\n<ul>\n<li>Tremor: Shaking of limb (usually hand) while at rest</li>\n<li>Rigidity: Muscle stiffness and resistance to movement</li>\n<li>Akinesia/bradykinesia: See earlier in this list</li>\n<li>Postural instability: See ataxia earlier in this list</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Bookmark these websites","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.apdaparkinson.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>American Parkinson Disease Association</strong></a></li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https://www.michaeljfox.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Michael J. Fox Foundation</a></strong></li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https://www.parkinson.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parkinson’s Foundation</a></strong></li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https://www.ninds.nih.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</a></strong></li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Red-flag medications","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The following four classes of medications may be incompatible with routine PD meds. Provide the following list to all medical professionals before they prescribe any new medicine (prescription or over-the-counter) and review any new medications with your PD doctor before you begin taking them.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Antinausea dopamine agonists</li>\n<li>Gastrointestinal anticholinergics</li>\n<li>Antipsychotics</li>\n<li>Postoperative pain-management drugs (Demerol, in particular)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The Parkinson Foundation offers a <a href=\"https://www.parkinson.org/library/books/medical-alert-card\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wallet-sized medical alert card</a> on its website. When you get to the web page, enter your name and email address, and click Submit.</p>\n"},{"title":"You daily CHECK-IN","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Here’s a quick and easy way to remind yourself that living well with PD is possible. Read this list once a day — twice if it’s a rough day:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Challenge:</strong> Acknowledge and face the facts.</li>\n<li><strong>Humor:</strong> Find and revel in the absurd.</li>\n<li><strong>Empowerment:</strong> Refuse to surrender your life and relationships to PD.</li>\n<li><strong>Collaboration: </strong>Team with your family, friends, and healthcare providers.</li>\n<li><strong>Knowledge:</strong> Know the difference between myth and fact, and keep up with the latest developments.</li>\n<li><strong>Integration:</strong> Treat the body, mind, and spirit.</li>\n<li><strong>Never: </strong>Never give up!</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"When you go to the hospital or ER","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<ul>\n<li>Have copies of the following information ready, and give these copies to the admissions office, the doctors, and the ER or floor staff:\n<ul>\n<li>Your PD doctor’s contact information, including office phone number, email address, and fax info</li>\n<li>Your PD doctor’s written instructions for stopping and starting your PD meds during ER or hospital treatment</li>\n<li>A list of all Rx and OTC medications you currently take</li>\n<li>A list of the red-flag medications (see the section “Red-flag medications,&#8221; above)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Examine meds you’re given in the hospital. If you don’t recognize a medication, ask what it is, who prescribed it, and why you’re taking it.</li>\n<li>Make sure your care partner has copies of all personal info, including insurance and copies of your advance directive and living will.</li>\n<li>Have your care partner monitor all ER- or hospital-administered meds.</li>\n<li>Before leaving the hospital, get a list of medications you’re now taking.</li>\n<li>After you get home, contact your PD doctor to review the list of new meds.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Emergency contacts","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Make multiple copies of this completed table to have with you at all times. Fill in the blanks to keep important phone numbers close at hand.</p>\n<h3>Emergency Contacts</h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\"></td>\n<td width=\"120\"><strong>Name</strong></td>\n<td width=\"72\"><strong>Work Phone</strong></td>\n<td width=\"75\"><strong>Personal Phone</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\">Primary care partner</td>\n<td width=\"120\"></td>\n<td width=\"72\"></td>\n<td width=\"75\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\">Secondary care partner</td>\n<td width=\"120\"></td>\n<td width=\"72\"></td>\n<td width=\"75\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\">Neighbor</td>\n<td width=\"120\"></td>\n<td width=\"72\"></td>\n<td width=\"75\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\">PD doctor</td>\n<td width=\"120\"></td>\n<td width=\"72\"></td>\n<td width=\"75\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\">Primary doctor</td>\n<td width=\"120\"></td>\n<td width=\"72\"></td>\n<td width=\"75\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\">Pharmacist</td>\n<td width=\"120\"></td>\n<td width=\"72\"></td>\n<td width=\"75\">N/A</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\">Support group member/leader</td>\n<td width=\"120\"></td>\n<td width=\"72\"></td>\n<td width=\"75\"></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-09-01T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":209361},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T17:28:24+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-07-19T14:29:40+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:19:46+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Body, Mind, & Spirit","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34038"},"slug":"body-mind-spirit","categoryId":34038},{"name":"Physical Health & Well-Being","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34095"},"slug":"physical-health-well-being","categoryId":34095},{"name":"Diseases","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34139"},"slug":"diseases","categoryId":34139},{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34159"},"slug":"multiple-sclerosis","categoryId":34159}],"title":"Drug Treatment Options for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis","strippedTitle":"drug treatment options for progressive multiple sclerosis","slug":"drug-treatment-options-for-progressive-multiple-sclerosis","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"All eight disease-modifying medications that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat MS have been shown to be effective for people ","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"All eight disease-modifying medications that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat MS have been shown to be effective for people who experience relapses.\r\n\r\nSo, as long as you continue to have relapses, you’re still a good candidate for most, if not all, of these medications. However, the evidence is pretty strong that these medications have their greatest impact early in the disease, primarily by reducing inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and reducing the number and severity of relapses.\r\n\r\nIf you don’t have relapses — that is, if you have primary-progressive MS (and have never had relapses) or secondary-progressive MS (and used to have relapses but no longer do) — your options are much more limited.\r\n\r\nSome of the drugs for multiple sclerosis (MS) currently under study will no doubt turn out to be safe and effective options. Meanwhile, Novantrone (mitoxantrone) is the only one of the eight medications that has been approved for people with secondary-progressive MS whether or not they continue to have relapses. And to date, no medication has been found to be effective for primary-progressive MS. That doesn’t mean that those of you with progressive disease are out in the cold, however.\r\n\r\nIf your MS appears to be progressing significantly in spite of whatever treatments have already been tried, your neurologist may recommend a chemotherapy drug, such as Imuran (azathioprine), CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil), Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), or methotrexate. Even though none of these medications has been specifically approved for use in MS, they appear to slow the disease course for some people.\r\n<p class=\"Warning\">These medications — like Novantrone — are immunosuppressants that are also used to treat various forms of cancer or to prevent transplant rejection. Because these meds work by suppressing the entire immune system (rather than selected parts of the immune system as occurs with the other MS medications), they all carry specific types of risks. These risks include infection, impaired fertility, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer.</p>\r\nMore treatment options for progressive MS are being evaluated in clinical trials. If you’re interested in participating in a treatment trial, ask your neurologist if you would be a good candidate for any trials going on in your area. And check out <a href=\"https://www.nationalmssociety.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the National MS Society website</a> for more information about trials for progressive MS.\r\n\r\nYou may also hear or read about bone marrow transplantation (also called <i>autologous stem cell transplantation</i> because the treatment involves stem cells from your own body), which is sometimes used in an effort to control very active, progressive MS.\r\n\r\nThis is a procedure in which your immune system — including the immune cells that are thought to be causing damage in your central nervous system — is destroyed by chemotherapy or whole body radiation and is then replaced using immune stem cells from your bone marrow.\r\n\r\nThis highly invasive treatment has been studied in small numbers of people with some success. Because this procedure poses significant risks and is still experimental, it may not be reimbursable by most insurance policies.\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">The fact that the available medications aren’t particularly helpful for progressive MS doesn’t mean that you have no other options. On the contrary, this is the time to call in the troops. A healthcare team — particularly one at an MS care center that’s staffed by specialists — has a great deal to offer people who have more advanced disease.</p>","description":"All eight disease-modifying medications that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat MS have been shown to be effective for people who experience relapses.\r\n\r\nSo, as long as you continue to have relapses, you’re still a good candidate for most, if not all, of these medications. However, the evidence is pretty strong that these medications have their greatest impact early in the disease, primarily by reducing inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and reducing the number and severity of relapses.\r\n\r\nIf you don’t have relapses — that is, if you have primary-progressive MS (and have never had relapses) or secondary-progressive MS (and used to have relapses but no longer do) — your options are much more limited.\r\n\r\nSome of the drugs for multiple sclerosis (MS) currently under study will no doubt turn out to be safe and effective options. Meanwhile, Novantrone (mitoxantrone) is the only one of the eight medications that has been approved for people with secondary-progressive MS whether or not they continue to have relapses. And to date, no medication has been found to be effective for primary-progressive MS. That doesn’t mean that those of you with progressive disease are out in the cold, however.\r\n\r\nIf your MS appears to be progressing significantly in spite of whatever treatments have already been tried, your neurologist may recommend a chemotherapy drug, such as Imuran (azathioprine), CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil), Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), or methotrexate. Even though none of these medications has been specifically approved for use in MS, they appear to slow the disease course for some people.\r\n<p class=\"Warning\">These medications — like Novantrone — are immunosuppressants that are also used to treat various forms of cancer or to prevent transplant rejection. Because these meds work by suppressing the entire immune system (rather than selected parts of the immune system as occurs with the other MS medications), they all carry specific types of risks. These risks include infection, impaired fertility, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer.</p>\r\nMore treatment options for progressive MS are being evaluated in clinical trials. If you’re interested in participating in a treatment trial, ask your neurologist if you would be a good candidate for any trials going on in your area. And check out <a href=\"https://www.nationalmssociety.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the National MS Society website</a> for more information about trials for progressive MS.\r\n\r\nYou may also hear or read about bone marrow transplantation (also called <i>autologous stem cell transplantation</i> because the treatment involves stem cells from your own body), which is sometimes used in an effort to control very active, progressive MS.\r\n\r\nThis is a procedure in which your immune system — including the immune cells that are thought to be causing damage in your central nervous system — is destroyed by chemotherapy or whole body radiation and is then replaced using immune stem cells from your bone marrow.\r\n\r\nThis highly invasive treatment has been studied in small numbers of people with some success. Because this procedure poses significant risks and is still experimental, it may not be reimbursable by most insurance policies.\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">The fact that the available medications aren’t particularly helpful for progressive MS doesn’t mean that you have no other options. On the contrary, this is the time to call in the troops. A healthcare team — particularly one at an MS care center that’s staffed by specialists — has a great deal to offer people who have more advanced disease.</p>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9917,"name":"Rosalind Kalb","slug":"rosalind-kalb","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9917"}},{"authorId":9918,"name":"Barbara Giesser","slug":"barbara-giesser","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9918"}},{"authorId":9919,"name":"Kathleen Costello","slug":"kathleen-costello","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. 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For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9917,"name":"Rosalind Kalb","slug":"rosalind-kalb","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9917"}},{"authorId":9918,"name":"Barbara Giesser","slug":"barbara-giesser","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9918"}},{"authorId":9919,"name":"Kathleen Costello","slug":"kathleen-costello","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. 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If you suffer from a thyroid condition, this Cheat Sheet is here to help you to recognize and manage your symptoms, and avoid the triggers that can cause a flare-up of thyroid problems.","description":"Thyroid problems affect around 30 million people in the United States, says the <a href=\"http://www.thyroidawareness.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists</a>. If you suffer from a thyroid condition, this Cheat Sheet is here to help you to recognize and manage your symptoms, and avoid the triggers that can cause a flare-up of thyroid problems.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9008,"name":"Alan L. Rubin","slug":"alan-l-rubin","description":" <b>Alan L. Rubin</b>, MD has been a physician in private practice for more than 30 years. He is the author of several bestselling health titles, including <i>Diabetes For Dummies</i>, <i>High Blood Pressure For Dummies</i>, and <i>Thyroid For Dummies</i>.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9008"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34165,"title":"Thyroid","slug":"thyroid","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34165"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":201336,"title":"Facing the Consequences of Iodine Deficiency","slug":"facing-the-consequences-of-iodine-deficiency","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201336"}},{"articleId":200927,"title":"Pinpointing the Causes of Hypothyroidism","slug":"pinpointing-the-causes-of-hypothyroidism","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200927"}},{"articleId":200685,"title":"Clearing Up Common Myths about Thyroid Health","slug":"clearing-up-common-myths-about-thyroid-health","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200685"}},{"articleId":200381,"title":"Exploring Hyperthyroid Eye Disease","slug":"exploring-hyperthyroid-eye-disease","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200381"}},{"articleId":199801,"title":"Noting the Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism","slug":"noting-the-signs-and-symptoms-of-hyperthyroidism","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/199801"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":201336,"title":"Facing the Consequences of Iodine Deficiency","slug":"facing-the-consequences-of-iodine-deficiency","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201336"}},{"articleId":200927,"title":"Pinpointing the Causes of Hypothyroidism","slug":"pinpointing-the-causes-of-hypothyroidism","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200927"}},{"articleId":200685,"title":"Clearing Up Common Myths about Thyroid Health","slug":"clearing-up-common-myths-about-thyroid-health","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200685"}},{"articleId":200381,"title":"Exploring Hyperthyroid Eye Disease","slug":"exploring-hyperthyroid-eye-disease","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200381"}},{"articleId":199801,"title":"Noting the Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism","slug":"noting-the-signs-and-symptoms-of-hyperthyroidism","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/199801"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282632,"slug":"thyroid-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9780471787556","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0471787558/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/0471787558/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/0471787558-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0471787558/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/0471787558/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/thyroid-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9780471787556-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Thyroid For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"<p><b data-author-id=\"9008\">Alan L. Rubin, MD,</b> has had a private practice specializing in thyroid disorders and diabetes for nearly three decades. A member of the Endocrine Society, he speaks regularly on thyroid health. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9008,"name":"Alan L. Rubin","slug":"alan-l-rubin","description":" <b>Alan L. Rubin</b>, MD has been a physician in private practice for more than 30 years. He is the author of several bestselling health titles, including <i>Diabetes For Dummies</i>, <i>High Blood Pressure For Dummies</i>, and <i>Thyroid For Dummies</i>.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9008"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;thyroid&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780471787556&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b3cade0d\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;thyroid&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780471787556&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b3cae7dd\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":149106,"title":"7 Ways to Maximize Your Thyroid Health","slug":"7-ways-to-maximize-your-thyroid-health","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/149106"}},{"articleId":149031,"title":"11 Signs and Symptoms of Low Thyroid Function","slug":"11-signs-and-symptoms-of-low-thyroid-function","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/149031"}},{"articleId":149030,"title":"13 Signs and Symptoms of Excessive Thyroid Function","slug":"13-signs-and-symptoms-of-excessive-thyroid-function","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/149030"}},{"articleId":149096,"title":"8 Medications to Be Cautious of in Thyroid Conditions","slug":"8-medications-to-be-cautious-of-in-thyroid-conditions","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","thyroid"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/149096"}}],"content":[{"title":"7 ways to maximize your thyroid health","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>You can take action to improve your thyroid health. If you&#8217;re concerned that you have — or may have — a problem with your thyroid, you should bear in mind the following advice:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If thyroid disease runs in your family, ask your doctor about screening for thyroid diseases at appropriate intervals.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If you have a thyroid problem, check your thyroid function during times of major body changes, such as pregnancy.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Make sure you get enough iodine in your diet, especially if you&#8217;re vegetarian.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If you&#8217;ve taken thyroid hormone replacement for several years to treat hypothyroidism (low thyroid function), ask your doctor if you can try stopping treatment to see if your thyroid can function without it.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If you still experience symptoms of hypothyroidism while taking hormone replacement pills, ask your doctor if you can try taking both types of thyroid hormone (T4 and T3), although this is controversial.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Remember that some medications can interact with thyroid hormones.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Protect your thyroid from radiation. If your neck has had exposure to radiation in the past, ensure your doctor knows that.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"11 signs and symptoms of low thyroid function","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Someone with hypothyroidism — an underactive thyroid gland — often experiences some of the following signs and symptoms. Keep in mind that these symptoms alone can&#8217;t diagnose thyroid disease, and thyroid disease is sometimes present even if you don&#8217;t experience all the symptoms:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Slow pulse</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Enlarged thyroid (unless removed during previous thyroid treatment)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Dry, cool skin that is puffy, pale, and yellowish</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Brittle nails and dry, brittle hair that falls out excessively</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Swelling, especially of the legs</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Hoarseness, slow speech, and a thickened tongue</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Slow reflexes</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Intolerance to cold</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Tiredness and a need to sleep excessively</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Constipation</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Increased menstrual flow</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"13 signs and symptoms of excessive thyroid function","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Someone with hyperthyroidism — an over-active thyroid gland — may experience some or all of the following symptoms. The same caution about symptoms of hypothyroidism applies here; these symptoms alone don&#8217;t confirm a diagnosis. Only blood tests can do this.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Higher body temperature and intolerance to heat</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Weight loss</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Weakness</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Enlarged thyroid</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Warm, moist skin</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Rapid pulse</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Tremor of the fingers and tongue</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Nervousness</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Difficulty sleeping</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Rapid mood changes</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Decreased menstrual flow</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">More frequent bowel movements</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Changes to the eyes that make it appear as if you&#8217;re staring</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"8 medications to be cautious of in thyroid conditions","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Certain drugs can interact with your thyroid hormone to negatively affect your thyroid function. These are just a few commonly used medications that can affect your thyroid:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Amiodarone</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Aspirin (more than 3,000 milligrams daily)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Estrogen (for example, in hormone replacement therapy, or in the oral contraceptive pill)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Iron tablets</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Iodine</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Lithium</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Propranolol</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Corticosteroids</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-26T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207640},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:51:06+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-25T17:02:03+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:19:40+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Body, Mind, & Spirit","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34038"},"slug":"body-mind-spirit","categoryId":34038},{"name":"Physical Health & Well-Being","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34095"},"slug":"physical-health-well-being","categoryId":34095},{"name":"Diseases","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34139"},"slug":"diseases","categoryId":34139},{"name":"Arthritis","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34145"},"slug":"arthritis","categoryId":34145}],"title":"Arthritis For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"arthritis for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"arthritis-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn how to approach your doctor regarding alternative therapies for arthritis, as well as how to save money on prescriptions, and more.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Arthritis could manifest as anything from a mildly annoying creak in a joint to debilitating pain; and while there's no cure for arthritis, there are techniques to manage the condition.\r\n\r\nThis Cheat Sheet offers advice on talking with your doctor about alternative therapies for arthritis, identifying false claims for alternative therapies, using supplements to ease arthritis symptoms, what to ask your doctor when considering surgery, and how to save money on prescription drugs. It also provides a list the acronyms medical professionals commonly use to describe the different types of arthritis.","description":"Arthritis could manifest as anything from a mildly annoying creak in a joint to debilitating pain; and while there's no cure for arthritis, there are techniques to manage the condition.\r\n\r\nThis Cheat Sheet offers advice on talking with your doctor about alternative therapies for arthritis, identifying false claims for alternative therapies, using supplements to ease arthritis symptoms, what to ask your doctor when considering surgery, and how to save money on prescription drugs. It also provides a list the acronyms medical professionals commonly use to describe the different types of arthritis.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9863,"name":"Barry Fox","slug":"barry-fox","description":" <p><b>Nadine Taylor </b>is a registered dietitian and contributing editor to the bestseller <i>The Arthritis Cure</i>. She is also author of <i>Green Tea: The Natural Secret to a Healthier Life.</i></p> <p><b>Barry Fox, PhD,</b> is a best-selling writer who has authored or co-authored 20 health books and over 160 health-related articles. His works include the <i>New York Times</i> #1 bestseller, <i>The Arthritis Cure</i>, and many more. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9863"}},{"authorId":9864,"name":"Nadine Taylor","slug":"nadine-taylor","description":" <p><b>Nadine Taylor </b>is a registered dietitian and contributing editor to the bestseller <i>The Arthritis Cure</i>. She is also author of <i>Green Tea: The Natural Secret to a Healthier Life.</i></p> <p><b>Barry Fox, PhD,</b> is a best-selling writer who has authored or co-authored 20 health books and over 160 health-related articles. His works include the <i>New York Times</i> #1 bestseller, <i>The Arthritis Cure</i>, and many more. 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She is also author of <i>Green Tea: The Natural Secret to a Healthier Life.</i></p> <p><b><b data-author-id=\"9863\">Barry Fox</b>, PhD,</b> is a best-selling writer who has authored or co-authored 20 health books and over 160 health-related articles. His works include the <i>New York Times</i> #1 bestseller, <i>The Arthritis Cure</i>, and many more. <p><b><b data-author-id=\"9864\">Nadine Taylor</b> </b>is a registered dietitian and contributing editor to the bestseller <i>The Arthritis Cure</i>. She is also author of <i>Green Tea: The Natural Secret to a Healthier Life.</i></p> <p><b>Barry Fox, PhD,</b> is a best-selling writer who has authored or co-authored 20 health books and over 160 health-related articles. His works include the <i>New York Times</i> #1 bestseller, <i>The Arthritis Cure</i>, and many more.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9863,"name":"Barry Fox","slug":"barry-fox","description":" <p><b>Nadine Taylor </b>is a registered dietitian and contributing editor to the bestseller <i>The Arthritis Cure</i>. She is also author of <i>Green Tea: The Natural Secret to a Healthier Life.</i></p> <p><b>Barry Fox, PhD,</b> is a best-selling writer who has authored or co-authored 20 health books and over 160 health-related articles. His works include the <i>New York Times</i> #1 bestseller, <i>The Arthritis Cure</i>, and many more. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9863"}},{"authorId":9864,"name":"Nadine Taylor","slug":"nadine-taylor","description":" <p><b>Nadine Taylor </b>is a registered dietitian and contributing editor to the bestseller <i>The Arthritis Cure</i>. She is also author of <i>Green Tea: The Natural Secret to a Healthier Life.</i></p> <p><b>Barry Fox, PhD,</b> is a best-selling writer who has authored or co-authored 20 health books and over 160 health-related articles. His works include the <i>New York Times</i> #1 bestseller, <i>The Arthritis Cure</i>, and many more. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9864"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;arthritis&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119885399&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b3c0877b\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;arthritis&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119885399&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b3c0923e\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":172751,"title":"Diagnosing Arthritis: Prepare for Your First Doctor's Appointment","slug":"diagnosing-arthritis-prepare-for-your-first-doctors-appointment","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","arthritis"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/172751"}},{"articleId":172753,"title":"How to Save Money on Arthritis Prescriptions","slug":"how-to-save-money-on-arthritis-prescriptions","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","arthritis"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/172753"}},{"articleId":172752,"title":"Talk to Your Doctor about Alternative Treatments for Arthritis","slug":"talk-to-your-doctor-about-alternative-treatments-for-arthritis","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","arthritis"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/172752"}}],"content":[{"title":"How to save money on arthritis prescriptions","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The high cost of prescription drugs can be a real problem if you have a chronic condition like arthritis, which requires a steady supply of medication. Luckily, you have several options for lowering the cost of your arthritis meds:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Review your medications and see which can be eliminated or replaced with over-the-counter varieties.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Ask your doctor for free samples.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Check out <a href=\"https://www.medicare.gov/your-medicare-costs/get-help-paying-costs/find-your-level-of-extra-help-part-d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Medicare&#8217;s Extra Help program</a>.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Look into patient assistance programs (PAPs).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Get a pharmacy discount card.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Buy generic versions of prescriptions.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Buy your pills in bulk.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Get a double-strength version and split the pills.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Compare prices at different pharmacies.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Consider using online pharmacies.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Getting the facts when considering surgery","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Surgery can be the end of all your troubles or the beginning of a whole new set of problems. Before agreeing to go under the knife, ask your orthopedic surgeon the following questions:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do my symptoms and test results go hand-in-hand; is my diagnosis really confirmed?</li>\n<li>Does the type of arthritis I have respond well to surgery?</li>\n<li>Is the surgery a permanent fix for my symptoms, or will it have to be redone eventually?</li>\n<li>What results can I expect from this surgery?</li>\n<li>What risks are involved?</li>\n<li>What is involved in the post-surgery rehabilitation?</li>\n<li class=\"Bullet\">Am I physically able to withstand the surgery?</li>\n<li class=\"Bullet\">What does the future hold if I don’t have surgery?</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Talking to your doctor about alternative therapies","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Nearly 40 percent of patients use alternative therapies, but perhaps three-quarters of this group don’t tell their physicians what they’re doing. Talking to physicians about alternatives can be difficult. Here are some tips to help you discuss alternative therapies with your physician:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Begin with the assumption that your physician will be supportive.</li>\n<li>Ask what they know about the therapy in which you’re interested.</li>\n<li>If your physician doesn’t know about the therapy you like, offer them information — you can get material from many organizations right on the Internet.</li>\n<li>If your doctor doesn’t approve of the therapy you’re interested in, ask for a detailed explanation.</li>\n<li>If there’s no time to discuss your alternative therapy during this visit, ask for another appointment — and pay for it, if necessary.</li>\n<li>If your doctor does approve of the therapy, ask if they will write you a prescription. Your health insurance just might cover it.</li>\n<li>If your physician gives you trouble, ask why.</li>\n<li>If your physician refuses to discuss alternatives with you and/or refuses to work with you if you’re using a nonconventional approach, get a new doctor.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Identifying false claims for alternative therapies","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Most alternative practitioners are honest and sincere, but a few will tell you tales to take your money. Safeguard your health and pocketbook by watching for the following warning signs:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>The “miracle cure” that eliminates every form of arthritis and will allow you to throw away your crutches, stop taking your medicine, and/or ignore your physician’s advice</li>\n<li>The “secret formula” that can’t be revealed</li>\n<li>The remedy that’s based on only one small study</li>\n<li>Shady practices, such as demands for full payment up front or a promise that you won’t tell your physician what you’re doing</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Understanding arthritis acronyms","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>We don’t assume that you’re a medical expert! Now and again, the abbreviated forms of several diseases are used by experts, so here’s a quick list of the common ones and what they stand for:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>AS: Ankylosing spondylitis</li>\n<li>DLE: Discoid lupus erythematosus</li>\n<li>GCA: Giant cell arteritis</li>\n<li>JIA: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis</li>\n<li>OA: Osteoarthritis</li>\n<li>PMR: Polymyalgia rheumatica</li>\n<li>PsA: Psoriatic arthritis</li>\n<li>RA: Rheumatoid arthritis</li>\n<li>SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Easing arthritis symptoms with supplements","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Research has shown that the following supplements can be helpful in easing arthritis-related symptoms, especially pain and inflammation:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bromelain:</strong> May reduce the swelling and pain of arthritis as effectively as an NSAID when combined with rutin (a citrus flavonoid) and trypsin (a pancreatic enzyme). Recommended dose is 80 to 320 milligrams per day, divided into two or three doses.</li>\n<li><strong>Gamma linolenic acid (GLA):</strong> Helps decrease inflammation and pain, especially in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Recommended dose is 1 to 2 grams of GLA daily.</li>\n<li><strong>Ginger:</strong> Has been shown to reduce OA knee pain, thanks to its antipain, anti-inflammatory abilities. Recommended dose is 225 milligrams of highly purified ginger extract twice daily.</li>\n<li><strong>Glucosamine sulfate &amp; chondroitin sulfate:</strong> These supplements are believed to work by increasing production of cartilage and the molecules that keep it moist while decreasing cartilage breakdown, thereby easing the pain of osteoarthritis and maybe even slowing its progression. So far, study results are mixed, whether these supplements are taken together or singly. Recommended dose is 500 milligrams of glucosamine and 400 milligrams of chondroitin, each taken three times daily.</li>\n<li><strong>Grapeseed extract:</strong> May help combat inflammation seen in many forms of arthritis by slowing body’s release of inflammation-producing enzymes and preventing or repairing free radical damage to cells. Recommended dose is 75 to 300 milligrams daily for three weeks and 40 to 80 milligrams daily for maintenance.</li>\n<li><strong>Niacin: </strong>Helps improve joint mobility in OA and reduce the frequency and duration of Raynaud’s attacks. Recommended daily dose for health maintenance is 15 to 20 milligrams in the form of niacinamide. Therapeutic doses are much larger and should be supervised by your doctor.</li>\n<li><strong>Omega-3 fatty acids:</strong> Helps relieve the pain and inflammation seen in RA by “dampening” the inflammation response. Some suggest taking omega-3s containing 3 grams of DHA or EPA daily, although it takes about three months before any improvement is seen.</li>\n<li><strong>SAMe:</strong> Helps treat osteoarthritis most likely by repairing and rebuilding cartilage. Also protects DNA, counteracts depression, and may relieve pain as effectively as many standard arthritis medications, with fewer side effects. Recommended dose is 400 milligrams in divided doses, three times daily, for 3 weeks; then 200 milligrams twice daily.</li>\n<li><strong>Selenium:</strong> Helps fight free radical damage to the joints and surrounding tissues. Recommended dose is 100 to 200 micrograms daily.</li>\n<li><strong>Vitamin E:</strong> Fights pain by slowing the action of the prostaglandins. Also helps control free radical damage to joint tissues. Recommended dose is 400 to 800 international units daily.</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-03-28T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208187},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:54:35+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-25T16:13:57+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:19:39+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Body, Mind, & Spirit","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34038"},"slug":"body-mind-spirit","categoryId":34038},{"name":"Physical Health & Well-Being","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34095"},"slug":"physical-health-well-being","categoryId":34095},{"name":"Diseases","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34139"},"slug":"diseases","categoryId":34139},{"name":"High Cholesterol","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34157"},"slug":"high-cholesterol","categoryId":34157}],"title":"Controlling Cholesterol For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"controlling cholesterol for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"controlling-cholesterol-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Are you within the recommended guidelines for cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index? Check your numbers.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Take a look at recommended guidelines for cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) and get your numbers checked to see if you’re at risk for health problems. Adopt some healthy habits that will help you keep your cholesterol under control.","description":"Take a look at recommended guidelines for cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) and get your numbers checked to see if you’re at risk for health problems. Adopt some healthy habits that will help you keep your cholesterol under control.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10058,"name":"Carol Ann Rinzler","slug":"carol-ann-rinzler","description":" <p><b>Carol Ann Rinzler</b> is a former nutrition columnist for the <i>New York Daily News</i> and the author of more than 30 health-related books, including <i>Controlling Cholesterol For Dummies, Heartburn and Reflux For Dummies, The New Complete Book of Food</i>, the award-winning <i>Estrogen and Breast Cancer: A Warning for Women</i>, and <i>Leonardo&#8217;s Foot</i>, which the American Association for the Advancement of Science described as &#8220;some of the best writing about science for the non-scientist encountered in recent years.&#8221;</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10058"}},{"authorId":10220,"name":"Martin W. Graf","slug":"martin-w-graf","description":" <p><b>Carol Ann Rinzler</b> is a former nutrition columnist for the <i>New York Daily News</i> and the author of more than 30 health-related books, including <i>Controlling Cholesterol For Dummies, Heartburn and Reflux For Dummies, The New Complete Book of Food</i>, the award-winning <i>Estrogen and Breast Cancer: A Warning for Women</i>, and <i>Leonardo&#8217;s Foot</i>, which the American Association for the Advancement of Science described as &#8220;some of the best writing about science for the non-scientist encountered in recent years.&#8221;</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10220"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34157,"title":"High Cholesterol","slug":"high-cholesterol","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34157"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":189216,"title":"Tips to Control Cholesterol","slug":"tips-to-control-cholesterol","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189216"}},{"articleId":189173,"title":"Counting Cholesterol","slug":"counting-cholesterol","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189173"}},{"articleId":189168,"title":"Rate Your Weight with BMI (Body Mass Index)","slug":"rate-your-weight-with-bmi-body-mass-index","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189168"}},{"articleId":189169,"title":"Recommended Blood Pressure Levels (Systolic/Diastolic)","slug":"recommended-blood-pressure-levels-systolicdiastolic","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189169"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":189216,"title":"Tips to Control Cholesterol","slug":"tips-to-control-cholesterol","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189216"}},{"articleId":189173,"title":"Counting Cholesterol","slug":"counting-cholesterol","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189173"}},{"articleId":189168,"title":"Rate Your Weight with BMI (Body Mass Index)","slug":"rate-your-weight-with-bmi-body-mass-index","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189168"}},{"articleId":189169,"title":"Recommended Blood Pressure Levels (Systolic/Diastolic)","slug":"recommended-blood-pressure-levels-systolicdiastolic","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189169"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282108,"slug":"controlling-cholesterol-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9780470227596","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0470227591/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/0470227591/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/0470227591-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0470227591/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/0470227591/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/controlling-cholesterol-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9780470227596-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Controlling Cholesterol For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"<p><b data-author-id=\"10058\">Carol Ann Rinzler</b> has written more than 20 books on health and nutrition. <b data-author-id=\"10220\">Martin W. 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Graf","slug":"martin-w-graf","description":" <p><b>Carol Ann Rinzler</b> is a former nutrition columnist for the <i>New York Daily News</i> and the author of more than 30 health-related books, including <i>Controlling Cholesterol For Dummies, Heartburn and Reflux For Dummies, The New Complete Book of Food</i>, the award-winning <i>Estrogen and Breast Cancer: A Warning for Women</i>, and <i>Leonardo&#8217;s Foot</i>, which the American Association for the Advancement of Science described as &#8220;some of the best writing about science for the non-scientist encountered in recent years.&#8221;</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10220"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;high-cholesterol&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780470227596&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b3bf2ff8\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;high-cholesterol&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780470227596&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b3bf386d\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":189173,"title":"Counting Cholesterol","slug":"counting-cholesterol","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189173"}},{"articleId":189169,"title":"Recommended Blood Pressure Levels (Systolic/Diastolic)","slug":"recommended-blood-pressure-levels-systolicdiastolic","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189169"}},{"articleId":189168,"title":"Rate Your Weight with BMI (Body Mass Index)","slug":"rate-your-weight-with-bmi-body-mass-index","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189168"}},{"articleId":189216,"title":"Tips to Control Cholesterol","slug":"tips-to-control-cholesterol","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","high-cholesterol"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189216"}}],"content":[{"title":"Counting cholesterol","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) issued this data about adult guidelines for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (the bad stuff), and HDL cholesterol (the good stuff). These cholesterol numbers apply to people ages 20 to 74:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)</th>\n<th>Status</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&lt;200</td>\n<td>Excellent</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>200-239</td>\n<td>Borderline high</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&gt;240</td>\n<td>High</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th>LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)</th>\n<th>Status</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&lt;100</td>\n<td>Excellent</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>100-129</td>\n<td>Pretty good</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>130-159</td>\n<td>Borderline high</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>160-189</td>\n<td>High</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&gt;190</td>\n<td>Very high</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th>HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)</th>\n<th>Status</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&lt;40</td>\n<td>Low</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&gt;60</td>\n<td>High</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>Source: National Cholesterol Education Program</p>\n<h2>Counting Kids&#8217; Cholesterol</h2>\n<p>Counting cholesterol in kids is different than in adults. The American Heart Association (AHA) suggests only testing children older than age 2 and who have a family history of coronary artery disease — a parent or a grandparent with high cholesterol or a history of heart disease. The AHA-recommended cholesterol levels for children and adolescents between the ages of 2 and 19 are:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)</th>\n<th>LDLs (mg/dL)</th>\n<th>Status</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&lt;170</td>\n<td>&lt;110</td>\n<td>Acceptable</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>171-199</td>\n<td>111-129</td>\n<td>Borderline</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>200 or higher</td>\n<td>130 or higher</td>\n<td>High</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>Source: The American Heart Association</p>\n"},{"title":"Recommended blood pressure levels (systolic/diastolic)","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Having high blood pressure, or hypertension, causes your heart to work harder than normal to pump blood. Get a blood pressure test and look at your numbers to see if you’re at risk for health problems related to high blood pressure.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Blood Pressure Category</th>\n<th>Systolic (1st Number)</th>\n<th>Diastolic (2nd Number)</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Normal</td>\n<td>less than 120*</td>\n<td>less than 80*</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prehypertension</td>\n<td>120–139</td>\n<td>80–89</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th>High</th>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stage 1</td>\n<td>140–159</td>\n<td>90–99</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stage 2</td>\n<td>160 or higher</td>\n<td>100 or higher</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>*All figures measured in mm/Hg (millimeters/mercury). Source: The American Heart Association.</p>\n"},{"title":"Rate your weight with BMI (body mass index)","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>BMI (body mass index) is a valuable health predictor. The higher your BMI number, the higher the risk of health problems including coronary heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Body mass index (BMI) is a gender-free measurement that relates height to weight. To get your BMI, use the following equation:</p>\n<p><b>Your weight</b><b> </b><b>(lbs)/Your height</b><b> </b><b>(in)</b><b><sup>2</sup></b><b> </b><b>× </b><b>705</b></p>\n<p>For a person who weighs 138 pounds and stands 5’3” tall, the equation looks like this:</p>\n<p>BMI = W/H<sup>2</sup> × 705</p>\n<p>= (138 pounds/63 × 63 inches) × 705</p>\n<p>= (138/3969) × 705</p>\n<p>= 24.5 BMI</p>\n<p>Apply your BMI number to the following categories:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>BMI</th>\n<th>Status</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&lt;18.5</td>\n<td>Underweight</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>18.5-24.9</td>\n<td>Healthy</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>25-29.9</td>\n<td>Overweight</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&gt;30</td>\n<td>Obese</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&gt;40</td>\n<td>Extremely obese</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>Source: The National Center for Health Statistics</p>\n"},{"title":"Tips to control cholesterol","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Some things that affect your cholesterol you have control over. Put these healthy lifestyle guidelines into use to elevate your HDLs (good cholesterol) and decrease the LDLs (bad cholesterol), along with keeping your heart healthy.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Cut back on fatty foods.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Lose a few pounds.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Exercise every day. Okay, every other day.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Stop smoking.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Drink in moderation.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Your diet matters when it comes to your cholesterol numbers. To help control your cholesterol by eating healthy, go with the American Heart Association’s 30-10-300 food plan:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">No more than 30 percent of your total daily calories from fat</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">No more than 10 percent of your total daily calories from saturated fat</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">No more than 300 mg cholesterol a day</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-25T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208722},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:52:19+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-13T19:20:12+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:19:37+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Body, Mind, & Spirit","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34038"},"slug":"body-mind-spirit","categoryId":34038},{"name":"Physical Health & Well-Being","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34095"},"slug":"physical-health-well-being","categoryId":34095},{"name":"Diseases","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34139"},"slug":"diseases","categoryId":34139},{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34159"},"slug":"multiple-sclerosis","categoryId":34159}],"title":"Multiple Sclerosis For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"multiple sclerosis for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"multiple-sclerosis-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) are manageable with medications and treatment strategies. Learn how you can find relief here.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Whether you've recently been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) or you've been living with this chronic illness for years, you want to live your life as fully and comfortably as possible. The good news is that you can! The symptoms of MS are manageable with medications, and rehabilitation strategies and treatments can reduce disease activity and slow progression. This Cheat Sheet provides insightful information about what you can do to stay active and feel your best.","description":"Whether you've recently been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) or you've been living with this chronic illness for years, you want to live your life as fully and comfortably as possible. The good news is that you can! The symptoms of MS are manageable with medications, and rehabilitation strategies and treatments can reduce disease activity and slow progression. This Cheat Sheet provides insightful information about what you can do to stay active and feel your best.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9917,"name":"Rosalind Kalb","slug":"rosalind-kalb","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9917"}},{"authorId":9918,"name":"Barbara Giesser","slug":"barbara-giesser","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9918"}},{"authorId":9919,"name":"Kathleen Costello","slug":"kathleen-costello","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. 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For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9917,"name":"Rosalind Kalb","slug":"rosalind-kalb","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9917"}},{"authorId":9918,"name":"Barbara Giesser","slug":"barbara-giesser","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9918"}},{"authorId":9919,"name":"Kathleen Costello","slug":"kathleen-costello","description":" <p><b>Rosalind Kalb, Ph.D., Barbara Giesser, MD,</b> and <b>Kathleen Costello, ANP&#45;BC,</b> have over 80 years&#39; combined professional experience in working with people living with multiple sclerosis. For each of them, MS was, is, and will be their chosen career. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9919"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;multiple-sclerosis&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118175873&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b390f5e1\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;multiple-sclerosis&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118175873&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b3910082\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":177247,"title":"Ways to Feel Your Best When You Have Multiple Sclerosis","slug":"ways-to-feel-your-best-when-you-have-multiple-sclerosis","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","multiple-sclerosis"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/177247"}},{"articleId":177189,"title":"Hints to Managing Your Energy Bank with MS","slug":"hints-to-managing-your-energy-bank-with-ms","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","multiple-sclerosis"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/177189"}},{"articleId":177249,"title":"A Snapshot of Your Healthcare Team When You Have MS","slug":"a-snapshot-of-your-healthcare-team-when-you-have-ms","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","multiple-sclerosis"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/177249"}},{"articleId":177250,"title":"Partner with Your Neurologist to Battle Multiple Sclerosis","slug":"partner-with-your-neurologist-to-battle-multiple-sclerosis","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","multiple-sclerosis"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/177250"}}],"content":[{"title":"Ways to feel your best when you have Multiple Sclerosis","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Some days you may feel pretty lousy when you have multiple sclerosis (MS). Other days you may feel okay or just so-so. If you’re oh-so-tired of feeling way below par, not to worry. You can improve the way you feel. These helpful tips can start you on your way to feeling healthy and well in spite of MS.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Talk with your neurologist — as early in the disease process as you can — about treatment with one of the approved disease-modifying therapies to slow disease activity and progression and reduce further nerve damage as much as possible.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Work with your MS team to manage your symptoms, avoid complications, and maintain your quality of life.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If you’re feeling sad or down more often than not, contact your medical doctor or neurologist to make sure your mood gets the attention it deserves.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Make time for rest, exercise, and healthy, balanced meals.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">See your general medical doctor routinely for physical exams and screening tests.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Use the following effective cooling strategies:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Avoid hot showers, hot tubs, and saunas.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Limit your time in the hot sun.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Exercise in a cool environment.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Drink iced fluids.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Check out cooling vests and scarves.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Call a friend — there’s no need to go it alone.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Don’t wait for a crisis — tap the resources that are out there to help you.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Stay focused on your goals — you don’t need to make a career out of MS.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Hints to managing your energy bank with MS","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When you have multiple sclerosis (MS), your energy may be in very short supply. Some days you feel like taking on the world and other days you feel like taking to your bed. You’re not alone. When you experience energy ups and downs, you can be proactive and manage your energy bank in the following ways to help you get through each day:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Set priorities to ensure the best use of your daily energy supply.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Make deposits (naps are great!) in addition to your withdrawals.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Use your energy supply efficiently by doing the following:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Using the right tools/mobility devices</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Making your home/work spaces accessible and convenient</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Asking for help when you need it</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Do the most difficult tasks when you have the most energy.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Pace yourself instead of pushing yourself to the point of exhaustion.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Talk to your doctor about symptoms that disrupt your sleep.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Stay cool — literally and figuratively.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Review your medications with your doctor (some have sleepiness or fatigue as a side effect, while others are prescribed to relieve it).</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"A snapshot of your healthcare team when you have MS","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) means developing a strong relationship with your doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals. They can work with you to manage your symptoms, slow the disease course, and cope with day-to-day challenges. The following are the important members of your healthcare team:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Neurologist (or in some situations it may be a nurse practitioner or physician assistant):</b> Diagnoses and treats MS and other neurologic diseases.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Nurse:</b> Provides education and support for all treatment issues.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Primary care physician:</b> Manages non-MS health issues and preventive care.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Rehabilitation specialists:</b> Promote independence, safety, and quality of life. For example, consider the following:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Physiatrist:</b> A physician specializing in rehabilitation medicine.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Physical therapist:</b> Promotes strength, mobility, and balance through exercise and training in the use of mobility aids.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Occupational therapist:</b> Promotes function in activities of daily living via energy management, assistive technology, and environmental modifications (may also treat cognitive symptoms).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Speech/language pathologist:</b> Diagnoses and treats problems with voice quality, speech, and swallowing (may also treat cognitive symptoms).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Vocational rehabilitation counselor:</b> Assists with career planning and retraining.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Mental health professionals: </b>Provide diagnosis, treatment, and support for a wide range of emotional issues, as well as education for stress management, goal-setting, and problem-solving strategies.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Psychiatrist:</b> A physician specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Psychotherapist (psychologist, social worker, counselor):</b> Provides counseling, information, and support for individuals and families.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Neuropsychologist:</b> Diagnoses and treats cognitive symptoms.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Additional medical specialists: </b>Provide specialized expertise in medical areas that may be impacted by MS or are of particular interest to folks with MS.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Neuroophthalmologist:</b> A physician specializing in neurologically related visual symptoms.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Urologist:</b> A physician specializing in urinary problems and male sexual function.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">*<i></i><b>Obstetrician/gynecologist:</b> A physician specializing in women’s reproductive care.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Partner with your neurologist to battle Multiple Sclerosis","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Your neurologist is the key member of your healthcare team. As a specialist in diseases of the nervous system, he or she provides treatment options to manage your MS and the symptoms it can cause. The neurologist can also help you engage other healthcare professionals on your team — the nurse, rehabilitation professionals, and mental health experts who can work with you to optimize your health, daily functioning, and quality of life. If you have a neurologist, keep these tips in mind to make your partnership as strong as possible. If you don’t, check out the first bullet to find a qualified specialist.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Call the National MS Society (800-FIGHT-MS or 800-344-4867) for a list of neurologists in your area with MS expertise.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">For each visit to the neurologist, do the following:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Be prepared to describe and prioritize problems and symptoms.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Write down any questions you have so you don’t go home without the answers you need.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">To catch everything the doc says, bring your partner or a friend or a tape recorder.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Make sure your doctor has an up-to-date list of all the medications (prescription and over-the-counter) and supplements you are taking.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Take your medications as they have been prescribed for you and be sure to talk with your doctor about any concerns, problems, or side effects.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If you don’t understand something, <i>ask </i>(the goal is to know more rather than less when you leave the doctor’s office).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If you need a long consultation (to discuss family planning decisions, employment decisions, sexual dysfunction, and so on), schedule a separate appointment or phone call.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Don’t wait for a crisis — see your MS doctor on a regular basis.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If you feel you need or want a second opinion, don’t hesitate to get one.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-13T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208342},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:58:21+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-03-24T21:03:53+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:19:30+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Body, Mind, & Spirit","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34038"},"slug":"body-mind-spirit","categoryId":34038},{"name":"Physical Health & Well-Being","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34095"},"slug":"physical-health-well-being","categoryId":34095},{"name":"Diseases","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34139"},"slug":"diseases","categoryId":34139},{"name":"Addiction","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34140"},"slug":"addiction","categoryId":34140},{"name":"General Addiction","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34142"},"slug":"general-addiction","categoryId":34142}],"title":"Addiction and Recovery For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"addiction and recovery for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"addiction-and-recovery-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn how to recognize addiction in yourself or a loved one and the common approaches to treatment and recovery.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"To overcome an addiction, first you need to recognize it in yourself or a loved one. Explore addiction recovery programs and their treatment methods when deciding how to deal with your addictive behavior, or that of a family member.","description":"To overcome an addiction, first you need to recognize it in yourself or a loved one. Explore addiction recovery programs and their treatment methods when deciding how to deal with your addictive behavior, or that of a family member.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10561,"name":"Brian F. Shaw","slug":"brian-f-shaw","description":" <p><b>Brian F. Shaw, PhD, Paul Ritvo, PhD,</b> and <b>Jane Irvine, DPhil,</b> are all university professors with more than 20 years&#39; experience in private consulting. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10561"}},{"authorId":10562,"name":"Paul Ritvo","slug":"paul-ritvo","description":" <p><b>Brian F. Shaw, PhD, Paul Ritvo, PhD,</b> and <b>Jane Irvine, DPhil,</b> are all university professors with more than 20 years&#39; experience in private consulting. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10562"}},{"authorId":10563,"name":"Jane Irvine","slug":"jane-irvine","description":" <p><b>Brian F. Shaw, PhD, Paul Ritvo, PhD,</b> and <b>Jane Irvine, DPhil,</b> are all university professors with more than 20 years&#39; experience in private consulting. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10563"}},{"authorId":10564,"name":"M. David Lewis","slug":"m-david-lewis","description":" <p><b>Brian F. Shaw, PhD, Paul Ritvo, PhD,</b> and <b>Jane Irvine, DPhil,</b> are all university professors with more than 20 years&#39; experience in private consulting. 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Shaw, PhD, Paul Ritvo, PhD,</b> and <b>Jane Irvine, DPhil,</b> are all university professors with more than 20 years&#39; experience in private consulting. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10564"}},{"authorId":10561,"name":"Brian F. Shaw","slug":"brian-f-shaw","description":" <p><b>Brian F. Shaw, PhD, Paul Ritvo, PhD,</b> and <b>Jane Irvine, DPhil,</b> are all university professors with more than 20 years&#39; experience in private consulting. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10561"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[{"title":"For Those Seeking Peace of Mind","slug":"for-those-seeking-peace-of-mind","collectionId":287563}],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;addiction&quot;,&quot;general-addiction&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780764576256&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b325a1b0\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;addiction&quot;,&quot;general-addiction&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780764576256&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b325ab9f\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":195447,"title":"How to Recognize Addiction in Yourself","slug":"how-to-recognize-addiction-in-yourself","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","addiction","general-addiction"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195447"}},{"articleId":195441,"title":"How to Recognize Addiction in a Loved One","slug":"how-to-recognize-addiction-in-a-loved-one","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","addiction","general-addiction"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195441"}},{"articleId":195439,"title":"Getting Help for an Addiction","slug":"getting-help-for-an-addiction","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","addiction","general-addiction"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195439"}}],"content":[{"title":"How to recognize addiction in yourself","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Dealing with an addiction means you stop wasting energy and time on self-deception. Take a good, hard look at yourself and be perfectly honest. Are any of these statements true for you?</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Your substance-seeking behavior is increasing (you are going to places where you can score), or your compulsion to do the problematic behavior (such as gambling) is increasing.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Your main reason for living is <i>using</i>.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">You lose touch with important aspects of your life, such as friends, work, school, and family responsibilities, because of substance use or addictive behavior.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"How to recognize addition in a loved one","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>If you suspect that a loved one is dealing with an addiction or behaving in self-destructive addictive behavior, look at this list of questions, which signal an addiction, and answer yes or no. Does your loved one . . .</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Turn up late for functions or dates?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">No longer follow through on their commitments?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Have more trouble with illness than usual?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Have more problems at work than usual?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Appear to be withdrawing from intimate contacts?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Have unexplained absences from or inconsistencies in their usual schedule?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Appear to have a new set of friends they are highly involved with but who you don’t get to meet?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Have major financial fluctuations (like carrying more or considerably less money than usual)?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Have lapses of concentration or memory?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Stay up later at night and sleep in more during the day?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Have more trouble than usual getting it together in the morning?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Appear surprisingly secretive about specific aspects of their life?</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>While this checklist cannot diagnose an addiction in a loved one, the more “yes” answers you produce, the greater the chances are that your loved one is suffering from an addiction.</p>\n"},{"title":"Approaches to addiction treatment and recovery","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Entering treatment for an addiction involves a sincere effort and finding the right method of treatment. Keep in mind that when deciding on your treatment options, all addiction recovery programs use one or more of these seven views on addiction:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Moral: </b>People can sacrifice anything to feed addictions.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Disease: </b>Addiction is like other diseases that cause unhealthy brain function.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Pharmacological: </b>Addiction stems from chemical imbalances which non-addictive drugs can overcome (for example, antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Cognitive-behavioral: </b>&#8220;Stinking thinking&#8221; or cognitive distortions drive addictions and can be replaced with &#8220;healthy thinking&#8221; and non-addicting satisfactions.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Learning: </b>Different levels of learning cause addiction. <i>Conditioning</i> is important as it can be largely automatic and dominant, involving little or no thinking.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Psychodynamic: </b>Difficulties in emotional regulation cause psychic numbing, emotional flooding and other extremes — addictive substances are then used to numb, calm, sedate, excite, sexualize.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Biopsychosocial: </b>Physical, psychological and social aspects of addiction are addressed in combined treatments.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>These views are structured into programs taking place in residential treatment centers (for example, 28-day programs) or outpatient centers, guided by professionals or self-help trainers who apply 12-step and other treatment approaches.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2021-08-12T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":209422},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:47:56+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-03-18T18:49:16+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:19:28+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Body, Mind, & Spirit","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34038"},"slug":"body-mind-spirit","categoryId":34038},{"name":"Physical Health & Well-Being","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34095"},"slug":"physical-health-well-being","categoryId":34095},{"name":"Diseases","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34139"},"slug":"diseases","categoryId":34139},{"name":"Eating Disorders","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34151"},"slug":"eating-disorders","categoryId":34151}],"title":"Eating Disorders For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"eating disorders for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"eating-disorders-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn about the various kinds of eating disorders, how to tell whether you might have one, and where to find more information.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Do you think that you or someone you know suffers from an eating disorder? Learn what the three major eating disorders are and how they differ from less worrisome, yet still risky, eating problems.\r\n\r\nAn eating disorder can be a serious threat to your life. If you believe you might have an eating disorder, seek help from your doctor or another medical/mental health professional. In the meantime, there are online resources to help you understand more about eating disorders, and to help you or someone you love start the road to recovery.","description":"Do you think that you or someone you know suffers from an eating disorder? Learn what the three major eating disorders are and how they differ from less worrisome, yet still risky, eating problems.\r\n\r\nAn eating disorder can be a serious threat to your life. If you believe you might have an eating disorder, seek help from your doctor or another medical/mental health professional. In the meantime, there are online resources to help you understand more about eating disorders, and to help you or someone you love start the road to recovery.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9420,"name":"Susan Schulherr","slug":"susan-schulherr","description":" \t <p><b>Susan Schulherr</b> has been a highly respected psychotherapist in private practice for 30 years. She has presented to professional and non&#45;professional audiences on weight and eating issues and has trained at the national level. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9420"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34151,"title":"Eating Disorders","slug":"eating-disorders","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34151"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":151461,"title":"Online Resources and Support for Eating Disorders","slug":"online-resources-and-support-for-eating-disorders","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/151461"}},{"articleId":151458,"title":"Disordered Eating or Eating Disorder?","slug":"disordered-eating-or-eating-disorder","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/151458"}},{"articleId":151426,"title":"Classifying the Major Eating Disorders","slug":"classifying-the-major-eating-disorders","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/151426"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":207917,"title":"Overcoming Binge Eating For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"overcoming-binge-eating-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207917"}},{"articleId":162797,"title":"10 Myths about Binge Eating Disorder","slug":"10-myths-about-binge-eating-disorder","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/162797"}},{"articleId":162790,"title":"13 Ways You Can Help a Binge Eater","slug":"13-ways-you-can-help-a-binge-eater","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/162790"}},{"articleId":151461,"title":"Online Resources and Support for Eating Disorders","slug":"online-resources-and-support-for-eating-disorders","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/151461"}},{"articleId":151458,"title":"Disordered Eating or Eating Disorder?","slug":"disordered-eating-or-eating-disorder","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/151458"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282163,"slug":"eating-disorders-for-dummies","isbn":"9780470225493","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0470225491/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/0470225491/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/0470225491-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0470225491/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/0470225491/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/eating-disorders-for-dummies-cover-9780470225493-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Eating Disorders For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"<p><b data-author-id=\"9420\">Susan Schulherr</b> has been a highly respected psychotherapist in private practice for 30 years. She has presented to professional and non-professional audiences on weight and eating issues and has trained at the national level. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9420,"name":"Susan Schulherr","slug":"susan-schulherr","description":" \t <p><b>Susan Schulherr</b> has been a highly respected psychotherapist in private practice for 30 years. She has presented to professional and non&#45;professional audiences on weight and eating issues and has trained at the national level. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9420"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[{"title":"For Those Seeking Peace of Mind","slug":"for-those-seeking-peace-of-mind","collectionId":287563}],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;eating-disorders&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780470225493&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b308806b\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;eating-disorders&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780470225493&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b30889ef\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":151426,"title":"Classifying the Major Eating Disorders","slug":"classifying-the-major-eating-disorders","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/151426"}},{"articleId":151458,"title":"Disordered Eating or Eating Disorder?","slug":"disordered-eating-or-eating-disorder","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/151458"}},{"articleId":151461,"title":"Online Resources and Support for Eating Disorders","slug":"online-resources-and-support-for-eating-disorders","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","eating-disorders"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/151461"}}],"content":[{"title":"Classifying the major eating disorders","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>There are many ways an eating disorder can take shape in the lives of different people, however, three major eating disorders affect the most people, so they get the lion&#8217;s share of attention. They are <i>anorexia nervosa</i> (usually just called <i>anorexia</i>), <i>bulimia nervosa</i> (usually called <i>bulimia</i>), and <i>binge eating disorder</i> <i>(</i><i>BED</i><i>)</i>.</p>\n<h2>Anorexia nervosa</h2>\n<p>Usually when people think of eating disorders, the first image that comes to mind is the emaciated face and body of the young woman with anorexia. Though actually the least prevalent of the major disorders — anorexia afflicts about 1 in every 100 people — it was the first to gain widespread public awareness.</p>\n<p>Anorexia also grabs attention because it&#8217;s the most dangerous eating disorder. According to the <a href=\"https://www.aedweb.org/about-aed/who-we-are\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Academy for Eating Disorders</a> (AED), the risk of death for a person with anorexia is 12 times higher than that of someone without an eating disorder.</p>\n<p>A person with anorexia is terrified of becoming fat — so terrified that the fear rules everything the person does. They believe they&#8217;re always on the verge of fatness, regardless of their actual weight or what anyone else tells them.</p>\n<p>To guard against the dreaded outcome, a person with anorexia refuses to eat. The resulting weight loss can put their health and life in jeopardy.</p>\n<p>A person with anorexia may also purge like the people with bulimia, and/or they may exercise compulsively to help control their weight.</p>\n<h2>Bulimia nervosa</h2>\n<p>You could most easily identify the person with bulimia by the behaviors of bingeing and purging — that is, if you could witness them. These behaviors are almost always done in secret.</p>\n<p><i>Bingeing</i> is eating <i>lots</i> of food in one sitting — sometimes tens of thousands of calories — often rapidly. <i>Purging</i> is what the person with bulimia does to get rid of these calories. They may do this by vomiting what they&#8217;ve just eaten, overusing laxatives or diuretics, exercising excessively, or other methods.</p>\n<p>After binge episodes, a person with bulimia feels extremely shamed and worthless. They&#8217;re as preoccupied with avoiding fat as the person with anorexia. Also like the person with anorexia, they believe their weight determines their worth.</p>\n<p>Unlike the person with anorexia, however, chances are good that the person with bulimia is also dealing with alcohol or drug abuse, and with depression.<i> </i>As many as 3 or 4 in 100 young women in the United States have bulimia nervosa.</p>\n<h2>Binge eating disorder (BED)</h2>\n<p>People with binge eating disorder (BED) binge pretty much like people with bulimia. And they feel just as bad afterward. But they aren&#8217;t driven toward purging behaviors. More likely, they become engaged in cycling between periods of bingeing and periods of rigid dieting. For some, this keeps their weight in a normal range. Other people with BED gain weight and may even become obese.</p>\n<p>Estimates are that anywhere from 3 to 8 in 100 people in the United States have BED. According to a 1998 survey in the <i>Annals of Behavioral Medicine</i>, as many as 40 percent of the people with BED are men.</p>\n<p class=\"article-tips remember\">Eating disorders are more common among females, but males also suffer from them, according to the <a href=\"https://www.aedweb.org/resources/about-eating-disorders/fast-facts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Academy for Eating Disorders</a> (AED). Women and men athletes in some sports, such as gymnastics and wrestling, are at particularly high risk for eating disorders, the AED says.</p>\n"},{"title":"Disordered eating or eating disorder?","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>If you lined up all the people in the United States who eat, you&#8217;d have a spectrum ranging from normal eaters on one end to people with eating disorders on the other. Who&#8217;s in the middle? Most of the eating spectrum is taken up by people who don&#8217;t have formal eating disorders but who have eating habits and beliefs that are <i>disordered.</i></p>\n<p>Up to 60 percent of adult American women may be disordered eaters.</p>\n<p>The following behaviors or beliefs are considered examples of disordered eating. The more of these behaviors or beliefs you have, the more at risk you are for developing an actual eating disorder:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Skipping meals</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Fasting to lose weight</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Exercising to make up for overeating</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Cutting out a food group</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Trying every diet there is</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Regularly eating an amount of food that leaves you hungry</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Eating to manage emotions</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Binge-eating</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Using laxatives or diuretics for weight loss</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Vomiting for weight loss</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Believing the scales reveal your worth</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Being constantly preoccupied with food and weight</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Being extremely fearful of weight gain</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Believing you are fat even when everyone else tells you you&#8217;re too thin</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"article-tips warning\"><a href=\"https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Suicide Prevention Lifeline</a>: If you or a loved one is suffering from an eating disorder and feelings of hopelessness are leading to thoughts of self-harm, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at (800) 273-8255, or your local suicide prevention hotline.</p>\n"},{"title":"Online resources and support for eating disorders","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>A number of online resources exist where you can find local eating disorder professionals, support groups, and residential treatment facilities.</p>\n<p>You can also call a local hospital or university and ask if they have an eating disorders program. Such a program will be able to give you referrals. Here are some helpful organizations:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><a href=\"http://www.anad.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD)</a>: Listings include therapists, nutritionists, support groups (free), and treatment facilities.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><a href=\"http://www.iaedp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Association of Eating Disorder Professionals (IAEDP)</a>: Listings include therapists, nutritionists, and physicians.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><a href=\"https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Eating Disorders Association</a>: Listings include therapists, nutritionists, physicians, and free support groups.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><a href=\"http://www.something-fishy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Something Fishy</a>: Listings include therapists, nutritionists, physicians, support groups, and treatment facilities.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><a href=\"http://www.bulimia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bulimia.com</a>: Listings include individual and group therapists, and treatment facilities.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2021-08-12T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207660},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:53:32+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-03-15T22:04:30+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:19:27+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Body, Mind, & Spirit","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34038"},"slug":"body-mind-spirit","categoryId":34038},{"name":"Physical Health & Well-Being","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34095"},"slug":"physical-health-well-being","categoryId":34095},{"name":"Diseases","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34139"},"slug":"diseases","categoryId":34139},{"name":"PCOS","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34163"},"slug":"pcos","categoryId":34163}],"title":"PCOS For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"pcos for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"pcos-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be very confusing, but with a little knowledge, you can manage your symptoms.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often appears to be a collection of unrelated symptoms affecting your menstrual cycle, fertility, appearance, and weight. But when you put the puzzle pieces together, you can see not only how the symptoms relate to one another but also how simple lifestyle changes can have a positive impact on them. Unlike many disorders, PCOS can improve if you take steps to manage the causes. Recognizing the symptoms of PCOS early and working on improving insulin resistance through diet and exercise can help prevent complications of PCOS, including infertility.","description":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often appears to be a collection of unrelated symptoms affecting your menstrual cycle, fertility, appearance, and weight. But when you put the puzzle pieces together, you can see not only how the symptoms relate to one another but also how simple lifestyle changes can have a positive impact on them. Unlike many disorders, PCOS can improve if you take steps to manage the causes. Recognizing the symptoms of PCOS early and working on improving insulin resistance through diet and exercise can help prevent complications of PCOS, including infertility.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10149,"name":"Gaynor Bussell","slug":"gaynor-bussell","description":" <p><b>Gaynor Bussell</b> is a Registered Dietitian and a consultant nutritionist. She is the dietary advisor to the National Association for PMS, and a member of the Health Professions Council. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10149"}},{"authorId":9114,"name":"Sharon Perkins","slug":"sharon-perkins","description":" <p><B>Matthew M. F. Miller</b> is a father and uncle. He is the author of Maybe Baby: An Infertile Love Story.</p> <p><b>Sharon Perkins</B> is a mother and grandmother, as well as a seasoned author and registered nurse with 25+ years&#8217; experience providing prenatal and labor and delivery care. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9114"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34163,"title":"PCOS","slug":"pcos","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34163"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":187307,"title":"How to Manage PCOS","slug":"how-to-manage-pcos","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","pcos"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/187307"}},{"articleId":187305,"title":"Pregnancy and PCOS","slug":"pregnancy-and-pcos","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","pcos"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/187305"}},{"articleId":187306,"title":"PCOS Symptoms","slug":"pcos-symptoms","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","pcos"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/187306"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":187307,"title":"How to Manage PCOS","slug":"how-to-manage-pcos","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","pcos"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/187307"}},{"articleId":187305,"title":"Pregnancy and PCOS","slug":"pregnancy-and-pcos","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","pcos"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/187305"}},{"articleId":187306,"title":"PCOS Symptoms","slug":"pcos-symptoms","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","pcos"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/187306"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282451,"slug":"pcos-for-dummies","isbn":"9781118098653","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","pcos"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/111809865X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/111809865X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/111809865X-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/111809865X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/111809865X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/pcos-for-dummies-cover-9781118098653-169x255.jpg","width":169,"height":255},"title":"PCOS For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"<b data-author-id=\"10149\">Gaynor Bussell</b>, RD, is a registered dietitian, consultant, nutritionist, and a member of the Health Professions Council and the Nutrition Society in the United Kingdom. She has specialized in women's health nutrition for over twenty years. <p><b data-author-id=\"9114\">Sharon Perkins</b>, RN, was a nurse coordinator for in vitro fertilization at the Cooper In Vitro Center for Hormonal Disorders. She is coauthor of <i>Infertility For Dummies</i>.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":10149,"name":"Gaynor Bussell","slug":"gaynor-bussell","description":" <p><b>Gaynor Bussell</b> is a Registered Dietitian and a consultant nutritionist. She is the dietary advisor to the National Association for PMS, and a member of the Health Professions Council. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10149"}},{"authorId":9114,"name":"Sharon Perkins","slug":"sharon-perkins","description":" <p><B>Matthew M. F. Miller</b> is a father and uncle. He is the author of Maybe Baby: An Infertile Love Story.</p> <p><b>Sharon Perkins</B> is a mother and grandmother, as well as a seasoned author and registered nurse with 25+ years&#8217; experience providing prenatal and labor and delivery care. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9114"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;pcos&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118098653&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b2fd782e\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;body-mind-spirit&quot;,&quot;physical-health-well-being&quot;,&quot;diseases&quot;,&quot;pcos&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118098653&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b2fd80d5\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":187306,"title":"PCOS Symptoms","slug":"pcos-symptoms","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","pcos"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/187306"}},{"articleId":187307,"title":"How to Manage PCOS","slug":"how-to-manage-pcos","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","pcos"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/187307"}},{"articleId":187305,"title":"Pregnancy and PCOS","slug":"pregnancy-and-pcos","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","physical-health-well-being","diseases","pcos"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/187305"}}],"content":[{"title":"PCOS symptoms","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is described as a syndrome rather than a disease because it shows up as a group of signs and symptoms that can occur in any combination. Here are some of the symptoms of PCOS:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Abnormal menstrual cycle:</b> When you have PCOS, your periods may be heavier, lighter, irregular, or absent altogether. However, you may have completely normal periods and still have PCOS.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Weight gain:</b> In women with PCOS, weight gain is mostly due to high levels of insulin circulating in the blood. Cells normally absorb glucose with the help of insulin. When cells don’t respond normally to insulin, your body produces even more insulin, to “force” the cells into responding. When insulin levels rise, other hormonal changes can lead to increased appetite and decreased fat burning, which lead to weight gain.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Acne and oily skin:</b> Women with PCOS tend to have higher levels of <i>androgens</i> (male hormones), which cause acne and increased skin oiliness.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Excess hair growth:</b> Your body may be hairier in certain places (such as your chest, thighs, face, and back), a side effect of androgens.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Hair loss:</b> The hair on your head may thin if you have PCOS, another side effect of higher androgen levels.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Sleep problems and fatigue or exhaustion:</b> These symptoms can be due to fluctuating hormone levels and increased anxiety.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Depression, anxiety, irritability, and mood swings:</b> These symptoms are probably due to disrupted hormone levels.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Fertility problems:</b> The hormonal imbalances that come with PCOS can disrupt ovulation.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Metabolic syndrome:</b> Also known as syndrome X, metabolic syndrome is a cluster of symptoms, including <i>insulin resistance</i> (where insulin produced by the body doesn’t work efficiently), high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. It can lead to diabetes and heart disease.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"How to manage PCOS","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>If you’re willing to overhaul your diet and start a simple exercise program, you can gain a great deal of control over your PCOS symptoms. Insulin resistance causes many PCOS symptoms, and diet and exercise help control insulin resistance.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>If you’re overweight, lose weight by limiting yourself to 1,500 calories per day.</b> Losing weight is one of the biggest factors in controlling PCOS symptoms, particularly if you’re trying to get pregnant.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Eat regular meals (but don’t pile your plate), and have a couple of small snacks during the day. </b>Don’t let yourself get hungry.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Follow a low-GI diet by substituting low-GI carbs for high-GI carbs. </b>The glycemic index (GI) measures how a carbohydrate affects blood sugar. High-GI foods break down quickly into glucose while low-GI foods are absorbed more slowly. Low-GI foods stabilize your blood sugar, while high-GI foods cause a rapid rise in blood sugar levels. Refined sugars are high-GI foods, while fruits and vegetables are generally low-GI.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Limit the fat in your diet.</b> Cut down particularly on saturated and trans fats (including fatty meat, butter, cakes, pastries, and cookies).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Use as little salt as possible. </b>Look at labels of processed foods to try to keep your total sodium intake below 2,400 milligrams a day.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Eat at least five helpings of fruit and vegetables every day.</b></p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Get some physical activity every day. </b>Half an hour is great, but an hour is even better to help keep your weight under control. Remember to start slowly and incorporate both aerobic and weight-bearing exercise into your routine. You don’t have to do all your exercise at one time — 10 minutes of exercise three times a day is just as good as 30 minutes all at once.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Pregnancy and PCOS","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>PCOS can interfere with getting pregnant in a number of ways. You may need to see a fertility specialist to get pregnant if you have no menstrual periods at all, very irregular menstrual periods, or periods that are extremely heavy when they do come. To determine if PCOS symptoms are interfering with your ability to get pregnant, a fertility doctor may</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Do an ultrasound of your ovaries.</b> Women with PCOS may have multiple cysts on each ovary — this symptom gives the disorder its name. Cysts form when follicles containing eggs don’t develop and mature properly.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Check the hormone levels in your blood.</b> When you have PCOS, you may have an abnormal ratio of luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This type of hormone imbalance interferes with normal egg production.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Check for physical signs of high insulin levels, which can impact reproductive hormones. </b>Women with high levels of insulin may develop a skin condition known as <i>acanthosis nigricans,</i> dark, velvet-like skin around body folds and creases in areas around the neck, armpits, knees, and knuckles.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>To get pregnant, you may need to:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Take fertility medications that induce egg development and ovulation.</b> These medications include Clomid, as well as injectable fertility medications called gonadotropins.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF).</b> IVF involves taking medications to improve egg production followed by removal of the eggs from the ovaries after the eggs mature, normally after several weeks. The eggs and sperm are then put together in the laboratory to form an embryo. The embryo is put back into the uterus after two to five days, depending on your fertility clinic’s practices.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"One 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The human body is amazing. But it's not perfect. Here's help for when things go wrong.

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Addiction

Adrenal Fatigue

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Celiac Disease

COPD

Crohn's & Colitis

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Crohn's & Colitis Crohn’s and Colitis For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 10-13-2022

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two major types of inflammatory bowel disease. They’re part of a group of disorders in which the small and large intestines become inflamed. The exact cause is a mystery, but scientists have discovered some clues as to what may cause Crohn’s and colitis. The symptoms of the diseases can vary in each individual, but some symptoms are more common than others. The good news is, you can take steps to reduce your symptoms and keep them from interfering with your life.

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Parkinson's Parkinson’s Disease For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 09-12-2022

Having Parkinson’s disease (PD) makes for a challenging journey. Use the succinct information in this Cheat Sheet to recognize the important PD terms and acronyms, know where to look for related support, manage medications, and prepare emergency contact information.

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Multiple Sclerosis Drug Treatment Options for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Article / Updated 07-19-2022

All eight disease-modifying medications that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat MS have been shown to be effective for people who experience relapses. So, as long as you continue to have relapses, you’re still a good candidate for most, if not all, of these medications. However, the evidence is pretty strong that these medications have their greatest impact early in the disease, primarily by reducing inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and reducing the number and severity of relapses. If you don’t have relapses — that is, if you have primary-progressive MS (and have never had relapses) or secondary-progressive MS (and used to have relapses but no longer do) — your options are much more limited. Some of the drugs for multiple sclerosis (MS) currently under study will no doubt turn out to be safe and effective options. Meanwhile, Novantrone (mitoxantrone) is the only one of the eight medications that has been approved for people with secondary-progressive MS whether or not they continue to have relapses. And to date, no medication has been found to be effective for primary-progressive MS. That doesn’t mean that those of you with progressive disease are out in the cold, however. If your MS appears to be progressing significantly in spite of whatever treatments have already been tried, your neurologist may recommend a chemotherapy drug, such as Imuran (azathioprine), CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil), Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), or methotrexate. Even though none of these medications has been specifically approved for use in MS, they appear to slow the disease course for some people. These medications — like Novantrone — are immunosuppressants that are also used to treat various forms of cancer or to prevent transplant rejection. Because these meds work by suppressing the entire immune system (rather than selected parts of the immune system as occurs with the other MS medications), they all carry specific types of risks. These risks include infection, impaired fertility, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer. More treatment options for progressive MS are being evaluated in clinical trials. If you’re interested in participating in a treatment trial, ask your neurologist if you would be a good candidate for any trials going on in your area. And check out the National MS Society website for more information about trials for progressive MS. You may also hear or read about bone marrow transplantation (also called autologous stem cell transplantation because the treatment involves stem cells from your own body), which is sometimes used in an effort to control very active, progressive MS. This is a procedure in which your immune system — including the immune cells that are thought to be causing damage in your central nervous system — is destroyed by chemotherapy or whole body radiation and is then replaced using immune stem cells from your bone marrow. This highly invasive treatment has been studied in small numbers of people with some success. Because this procedure poses significant risks and is still experimental, it may not be reimbursable by most insurance policies. The fact that the available medications aren’t particularly helpful for progressive MS doesn’t mean that you have no other options. On the contrary, this is the time to call in the troops. A healthcare team — particularly one at an MS care center that’s staffed by specialists — has a great deal to offer people who have more advanced disease.

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Thyroid Thyroid For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-26-2022

Thyroid problems affect around 30 million people in the United States, says the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. If you suffer from a thyroid condition, this Cheat Sheet is here to help you to recognize and manage your symptoms, and avoid the triggers that can cause a flare-up of thyroid problems.

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Arthritis Arthritis For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-25-2022

Arthritis could manifest as anything from a mildly annoying creak in a joint to debilitating pain; and while there's no cure for arthritis, there are techniques to manage the condition. This Cheat Sheet offers advice on talking with your doctor about alternative therapies for arthritis, identifying false claims for alternative therapies, using supplements to ease arthritis symptoms, what to ask your doctor when considering surgery, and how to save money on prescription drugs. It also provides a list the acronyms medical professionals commonly use to describe the different types of arthritis.

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High Cholesterol Controlling Cholesterol For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-25-2022

Take a look at recommended guidelines for cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) and get your numbers checked to see if you’re at risk for health problems. Adopt some healthy habits that will help you keep your cholesterol under control.

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Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-13-2022

Whether you've recently been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) or you've been living with this chronic illness for years, you want to live your life as fully and comfortably as possible. The good news is that you can! The symptoms of MS are manageable with medications, and rehabilitation strategies and treatments can reduce disease activity and slow progression. This Cheat Sheet provides insightful information about what you can do to stay active and feel your best.

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General Addiction Addiction and Recovery For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 03-24-2022

To overcome an addiction, first you need to recognize it in yourself or a loved one. Explore addiction recovery programs and their treatment methods when deciding how to deal with your addictive behavior, or that of a family member.

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Eating Disorders Eating Disorders For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 03-18-2022

Do you think that you or someone you know suffers from an eating disorder? Learn what the three major eating disorders are and how they differ from less worrisome, yet still risky, eating problems. An eating disorder can be a serious threat to your life. If you believe you might have an eating disorder, seek help from your doctor or another medical/mental health professional. In the meantime, there are online resources to help you understand more about eating disorders, and to help you or someone you love start the road to recovery.

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PCOS PCOS For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 03-15-2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often appears to be a collection of unrelated symptoms affecting your menstrual cycle, fertility, appearance, and weight. But when you put the puzzle pieces together, you can see not only how the symptoms relate to one another but also how simple lifestyle changes can have a positive impact on them. Unlike many disorders, PCOS can improve if you take steps to manage the causes. Recognizing the symptoms of PCOS early and working on improving insulin resistance through diet and exercise can help prevent complications of PCOS, including infertility.

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