{"appState":{"pageLoadApiCallsStatus":true},"categoryState":{"relatedCategories":{"headers":{"timestamp":"2022-05-17T12:31:14+00:00"},"categoryId":33512,"data":{"title":"Technology","slug":"technology","image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/technology-category.jpg","width":643,"height":1286},"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512}],"parentCategory":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"childCategories":[{"categoryId":33513,"title":"Computers","slug":"computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33537,"title":"Cybersecurity","slug":"cybersecurity","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33537"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33538,"title":"Digital Audio & Radio","slug":"digital-audio-radio","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33538"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33543,"title":"Electronics","slug":"electronics","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33543"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33572,"title":"Information Technology","slug":"information-technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33572"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33587,"title":"Internet Basics","slug":"internet-basics","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33587"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33588,"title":"Notable Websites","slug":"notable-websites","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33588"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33592,"title":"Programming & Web Design","slug":"programming-web-design","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33592"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33611,"title":"Social Media","slug":"social-media","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33611"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33618,"title":"Software","slug":"software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33618"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}}],"description":"Technology. It makes the world go 'round. And whether you're a self-confessed techie or a total newbie, you'll find something to love among our hundreds of technology articles.","relatedArticles":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles?category=33512&offset=0&size=5"}},"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"}},"relatedCategoriesLoadedStatus":"success"},"listState":{"list":{"count":10,"total":9368,"items":[{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:53:50+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-05-03T18:17:32+00:00","timestamp":"2022-05-04T00:01:06+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Programming & Web Design","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33592"},"slug":"programming-web-design","categoryId":33592},{"name":"General (Programming & Web Design)","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33610"},"slug":"general-programming-web-design","categoryId":33610}],"title":"Beginning Programming All-In-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"beginning programming all-in-one for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"beginning-programming-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This Cheat Sheet covers beginning programming knowledge, including data structures, branching and looping statements, and online resources.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"If you're just getting started writing computer programs, you need to learn programming branching and looping statements to perform the specific jobs you need for an effective program. Keeping a list of computer programming resources for useful information handy can help, too.","description":"If you're just getting started writing computer programs, you need to learn programming branching and looping statements to perform the specific jobs you need for an effective program. Keeping a list of computer programming resources for useful information handy can help, too.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9043,"name":"Wallace Wang","slug":"wallace-wang","description":"Wallace Wang is a stand-up comedian and the author of more than 10 best-selling For Dummies books. 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He focuses on screenwriting, movies, and comedy.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9043,"name":"Wallace Wang","slug":"wallace-wang","description":"Wallace Wang is a stand-up comedian and the author of more than 10 best-selling For Dummies books. 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The simplest way to store data is to use a variable, but a variable can only hold one item at a time. Another limitation is that you must create enough variables to store all the data your program may need to store. Because you likely won’t know how much data your program needs to store, you need to store related data inside a data structure.</p>\n<p>Think of a data structure as a super variable that can group related data together and grow or shrink in size depending on how much data your program needs to store. Structures group multiple variables together. Arrays or lists can grow or shrink to store different amounts of data. Dictionaries, maps, or hashes identify data using a “key” value to make it easy to retrieve data quickly. Stacks and queues provide two different ways to store and retrieve data.</p>\n<h3>Structures</h3>\n<p>A single variable can only hold exactly one chunk of data at a time. However, a structure can store multiple variables inside a single variable, like this:</p>\n<p>struct person</p>\n<p>{</p>\n<p>string name;</p>\n<p>int, age;</p>\n<p>};</p>\n<p>person.name = &#8220;Billy the Kid&#8221;;</p>\n<p>person.age = 26;</p>\n<p>This code defines a structure and gives it an arbitrary name of person. Inside the structure, it defines a name variable that can hold a string and an age variable that can hold an integer.</p>\n<p>To store a string in the name variable, you need to define the structure name (person) and the string variable name to hold it (name). Thus, person.name specifies the structure (person) and the string variable (name) to hold &#8220;Billy the Kid&#8221;.</p>\n<p>To store an integer in the age variable, you need to define the structure name (person) and the integer variable name to hold it (age). Thus, person.age specifies the structure (person) and the integer variable (age) to hold 26.</p>\n<h3>Arrays or lists</h3>\n<p>Arrays store one type of data in a list, which is why some languages refer to arrays as <em>lists.</em> Arrays/lists store multiple chunks of data within a single variable name. To identify a specific chunk of data, you must reference the array/list name followed by the position of the data inside that array/list.</p>\n<p>The position of items, stored in an array/list, is identified by an index number. In zero-based arrays, the first stored item in the array is assigned an index number of 0. In one-based arrays, the first stored item in the array is assigned an index number of 1.</p>\n<p>var arrayname = [-4, 90, 128, -57, 32, 306, -48]</p>\n<p>arrayname[4] = 32</p>\n<p>This code defines an array/list that holds multiple integers such as –4 and 90. To retrieve the number 32, you must reference the array/list name (arrayname) followed by the position or index number of the data you want to retrieve. If the index number of the first item is 0, then arrayname[0] would retrieve –4, arrayname[1] would retrieve 90, arrayname[2] would retrieve 128, arrayname[3] would retrieve –57, and arrayname[4] would retrieve 32.</p>\n<h3>Dictionaries, maps, or hashes</h3>\n<p>Also called <em>hashes,</em> dictionaries or maps store a key-value pair where a unique key is associated with specific data. To store data, you must store a key followed by the data you want linked to that key, like this:</p>\n<p>mydictionary = {&#8216;pi&#8217;: 3.14, &#8216;taxrate&#8217;: 0.75}</p>\n<p>This code stores the key &#8216;pi&#8217; that’s linked to the value 3.14. Then it stores the key &#8216;taxrate&#8217; that’s linked to the value 0.75. Notice that in a dictionary/map/hash, the keys must all be the same data type and the stored values must also be the same data type. In this example, the keys are all strings (&#8216;pi&#8217; and &#8216;taxrate&#8217;), while the values are all decimal numbers (3.14 and 0.75).</p>\n<p>To retrieve data, specify the dictionary/map/hash name followed by the key associated with the data to retrieve, like this:</p>\n<p>mydictionary[&#8216;pi&#8217;] = 3.14</p>\n<p>This code says to retrieve the value linked to the &#8216;pi&#8217; key stored in the dictionary/map/hash called mydictionary. In this example, the value linked to the &#8216;pi&#8217; key is 3.14.</p>\n<h3>Stacks</h3>\n<p>Stacks are known as “last in, first out” (LIFO) data structures because the last item stored is the first one that can be removed. Stacks can shrink and grow and store any data types. In the real world, stack data types behave like a stack of dishes. The first item you store in a stack gets placed at the bottom. Each additional item stored in a stack buries the first item further and further. To retrieve the bottom item (the first item stored) in a stack, you must retrieve all items stored above it.</p>\n<p>You can perform two types of operations on stacks:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Push</strong>: The Push command adds new data to a stack. When you push data onto a stack, you must also specify the data to push to the top of a stack.</li>\n<li><strong>Pop:</strong> The Pop command removes data from the top of the stack. Because the Pop command always removes the top item, you only need to specify that you want to pop the top item off the stack.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>By using a combination of Push and Pop commands, you can store and retrieve data from a stack.</p>\n<h3>Queues</h3>\n<p>Queues are known as “first in, first out” (FIFO) data structures because the first item stored is the first one that can be removed. Queues can shrink and grow and store any data types.</p>\n<p>You can perform two types of operations on queues:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Enqueue</strong>: The Enqueue command adds new data to the end of a queue. When you add data to a queue, you must also specify the data to add to the end of the queue.</li>\n<li><strong>Dequeue</strong>: The Dequeue command removes data from the beginning of a queue. Because the Dequeue always removes the first item, you only need to specify that you want to remove (dequeue) the first item from the queue.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>By using a combination of Enqueue and Dequeue commands, you can add and remove data from a queue.</p>\n"},{"title":"Making decisions with branching statements","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Branching statements, often called if statements, let a program choose between different sets of instructions based on a true or false condition. By using branching statements, programs can make decisions based on ever-changing data.</p>\n<p>The simplest branching statement is called an if statement (or an if-then statement). If a Boolean condition is true, then the if (or if-then) statement runs a set of commands; if the Boolean condition is false, then the if (or if-then) statement doesn’t run anything.</p>\n<p>If (condition) Then command</p>\n<p>If (condition) Then</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>End If</p>\n<p>if (condition) {</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>}</p>\n<p>Another variation of the branching statement, called if-else, offers exactly two choices. If a Boolean condition is true, the if-else statement follows one set of commands. If a Boolean condition is false, the if-else statement follows a second set of commands.</p>\n<p>If (condition) Then</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>Else</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>End If</p>\n<p>if (condition) {</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>} else {</p>\n<p>More commands</p>\n<p>}</p>\n<p>Rather than check a single Boolean condition, the if-elseif statement can check multiple Boolean conditions.</p>\n<p>If (condition) Then</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>Else If (condition2) then</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>End if</p>\n<p>if (condition1) {</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>} else if (condition2) {</p>\n<p>More commands</p>\n<p>} else if (condition3) {</p>\n<p>Even more commands</p>\n<p>}</p>\n<p>The if-elseif statement can check multiple Boolean conditions, but the more Boolean conditions there are to check, the harder the entire if-elseif statement can be to read. That’s why programming languages offer an alternative to the if-elseif statement, called a Select or switch statement.</p>\n<p>Like the if-elseif statement, the Select or switch statement can also check multiple Boolean conditions, but in a shorter, simpler way that’s easier to read and understand.</p>\n<p>Select Case variable</p>\n<p>Case value1</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>Case value2</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>Else</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>End Select</p>\n<p>switch (variable) {</p>\n<p>case value1:</p>\n<p>Commands;</p>\n<p>break;</p>\n<p>case value2:</p>\n<p>Commands;</p>\n<p>break;</p>\n<p>default:</p>\n<p>commands;</p>\n<p>break;</p>\n<p>}</p>\n"},{"title":"Repeating commands in looping statements","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Looping statements let a program repeat one or more instructions. A for loop repeats a fixed number of times where you must define exactly how many times the loop should run.</p>\n<p>For variable = startvalue to endvalue</p>\n<p>Commands</p>\n<p>Next</p>\n<p>for (initial variable value, final value, increment) {</p>\n<p>commands;</p>\n<p>}</p>\n<p>Often, you don’t know exactly how many times a loop should run. In those cases, you must use a while loop, which checks a Boolean condition. If this Boolean condition is true, then the while loop runs. As soon as this Boolean condition becomes false, the while loop stops running.</p>\n<p>while (condition) {</p>\n<p>commands;</p>\n<p>}</p>\n<p>If a Boolean condition is false from the beginning, a while loop will never run at all. On the other hand, a do-while loop always runs at least once and then checks a Boolean condition. In some programming languages, the do-while loop may be called a repeat-until loop.</p>\n<p>do {</p>\n<p>commands;</p>\n<p>} while (condition);</p>\n<p>repeat {</p>\n<p>commands;</p>\n<p>} until (condition);</p>\n<p>Because both a while and do-while loop won’t stop until a condition becomes false, you must change this Boolean condition within the loop so the loop will eventually stop.</p>\n"},{"title":"Truth tables","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Truth tables show specific Boolean values for different Boolean operators: AND, OR, XOR, and NOT. The AND operator (shortened to &amp;&amp; in many programming languages) is true only if both Boolean values are true.</p>\n<p>The OR operator (shortened to || in many programming languages) is false only if both Boolean values are false. The XOR operator is false only if both Boolean values are either both true or both false. The NOT operator (shortened to ! in many programming languages) simply reverses a true value to false or a false value to true.</p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\"><strong>Value1</strong></td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><strong>Value2</strong></td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><strong>AND (&amp;&amp;)</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\"><strong>Value1</strong></td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><strong>Value2</strong></td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><strong>OR (||)</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\"><strong>Value1</strong></td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><strong>Value2</strong></td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><strong>XOR</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"33%\">False</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<table width=\"66%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\"><strong>Value1</strong></td>\n<td width=\"50%\"><strong>Not (!)</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\">True</td>\n<td width=\"50%\">False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\">False</td>\n<td width=\"50%\">True</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Programming compilers and interpreters","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Programming compilers and interpreters let you write code in different programming languages and then run your program on a computer. Most compilers and interpreters work on multiple operating systems, but some may work only on one or two operating systems.</p>\n<p>To learn programming, you need to practice writing code in a specific programming language to see what you’re doing right and wrong. As long as you use a popular operating system such as Linux, macOS, or Windows, you should have little trouble finding a compiler or interpreter for your favorite programming language.</p>\n<p>Here are some compilers and interpreters to consider:</p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><strong>Compiler/Interpreter</strong></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"><strong>Chrome OS</strong></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"><strong>iPadOS</strong></td>\n<td width=\"11%\"><strong>Linux</strong></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"><strong>macOS</strong></td>\n<td width=\"16%\"><strong>Windows</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://developer.android.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Android Studio</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://dart.dev/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dart</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://flutter.dev/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flutter</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://gcc.gnu.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://go.dev/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Go</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://www.java.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Java</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://kotlinlang.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kotlin</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://www.mathworks.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MATLAB</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://www.perl.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perl</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://www.php.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PHP</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://www.r-project.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://reactnative.dev/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">React Native</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://www.ruby-lang.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ruby</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://www.rust-lang.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rust</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://scala-lang.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scala</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://www.apple.com/swift/playgrounds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Swift Playgrounds</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"11%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Visual Studio</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\">X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29%\"><a href=\"https://developer.apple.com/xcode/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xcode</a></td>\n<td width=\"14%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\"></td>\n<td width=\"11%\"></td>\n<td width=\"13%\">X</td>\n<td width=\"16%\"></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Free programming editors","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Although most programming compilers and interpreters come with an editor, many programmers prefer using a different editor that provides unique features or shortcuts that make writing code faster and easier.</p>\n<p>Here are some free programming editors worth checking out (they all work on Linux, macOS, and Windows):</p>\n<p>*  <a href=\"https://netbeans.apache.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache NetBeans</a></p>\n<p>*  <a href=\"https://atom.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atom</a></p>\n<p>*  <a href=\"https://www.eclipse.org/eclipseide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eclipse IDE</a></p>\n<p>*  <a href=\"https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GNU Emacs</a></p>\n<p>*  <a href=\"https://www.jetbrains.com/idea\">IntelliJ IDEA</a></p>\n<p>*  <a href=\"https://www.vim.org/\">Vim</a></p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-05-03T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208608},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2018-10-10T22:00:18+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-05-02T17:21:05+00:00","timestamp":"2022-05-02T18:01:06+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33618"},"slug":"software","categoryId":33618},{"name":"Money Management Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33653"},"slug":"money-management-software","categoryId":33653},{"name":"QuickBooks","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33656"},"slug":"quickbooks","categoryId":33656}],"title":"QuickBooks 2019 For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"quickbooks 2019 for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"quickbooks-2019-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This Cheat Sheet includes user interface tricks, keyboard shortcuts, and how to perform common tasks for QuickBooks 2019.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"<span style=\"margin: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt;\">QuickBooks 2019 makes small-business accounting fast and easy. But your day-to-day business bookkeeping will go even more smoothly if you employ a handful of QuickBooks user interface tricks, editing tricks, and keyboard shortcuts.</span>","description":"<span style=\"margin: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt;\">QuickBooks 2019 makes small-business accounting fast and easy. But your day-to-day business bookkeeping will go even more smoothly if you employ a handful of QuickBooks user interface tricks, editing tricks, and keyboard shortcuts.</span>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":8982,"name":"Stephen L. Nelson","slug":"stephen-l-nelson","description":"Stephen L. Nelson, MBA, MS in Taxation, is a certified public accountant in Redmond, Washington, where he provides accounting, business advisory, and tax planning and preparation services to small businesses. He is the bestselling author of more than 100 books on how to use computers to manage personal and business finances. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/8982"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33656,"title":"QuickBooks","slug":"quickbooks","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33656"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":259385,"title":"QuickBooks 2019 Online Banking","slug":"quickbooks-2019-online-banking","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/259385"}},{"articleId":259382,"title":"Basic Budgeting Tips for QuickBooks 2019","slug":"basic-budgeting-tips-for-quickbooks-2019","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/259382"}},{"articleId":259379,"title":"Track Debit, ATM, and Customer Credit Cards in QuickBooks 2019","slug":"track-debit-atm-and-customer-credit-cards-in-quickbooks-2019","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/259379"}},{"articleId":259373,"title":"How to Track Business Credit Cards in QuickBooks 2019","slug":"how-to-track-business-credit-cards-in-quickbooks-2019","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/259373"}},{"articleId":259367,"title":"How Purchase Orders Work in QuickBooks 2019","slug":"how-purchase-orders-work-in-quickbooks-2019","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/259367"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":282793,"title":"QuickBooks Online: It’s All About Subscriptions","slug":"quickbooks-online-its-all-about-subscriptions","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/282793"}},{"articleId":282790,"title":"An Overview of What Won’t Import into QuickBooks Online","slug":"an-overview-of-what-wont-import-into-quickbooks-online","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/282790"}},{"articleId":282763,"title":"How to Review a Client QBO Company's Setup","slug":"how-to-review-a-client-qbo-companys-setup","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/282763"}},{"articleId":277889,"title":"How to Work in a QuickBooks Online Client’s Company","slug":"how-to-work-in-a-quickbooks-online-clients-company","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/277889"}},{"articleId":277688,"title":"How to Bill for Time in QuickBooks 2021","slug":"how-to-bill-for-time-in-quickbooks-2021","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/277688"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281840,"slug":"quickbooks-2019-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119520498","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119520495/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119520495/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119520495-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119520495/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119520495/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/quickbooks-2019-for-dummies-cover-9781119520498-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"QuickBooks 2019 For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"8982\">Stephen L. 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","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/8982"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;money-management-software&quot;,&quot;quickbooks&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119520498&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-62701c62d6d35\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;money-management-software&quot;,&quot;quickbooks&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119520498&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-62701c62d728a\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":256090,"title":"QuickBooks 2019 User Interface Tricks","slug":"quickbooks-2019-user-interface-tricks","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/256090"}},{"articleId":256092,"title":"QuickBooks 2019 Keyboard Shortcuts","slug":"quickbooks-2019-keyboard-shortcuts","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/256092"}},{"articleId":226325,"title":"Performing Common QuickBooks Tasks","slug":"performing-common-quickbooks-tasks-2","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/226325"}},{"articleId":256088,"title":"Right-Click for Common QuickBooks 2019 Tasks","slug":"right-click-for-common-quickbooks-2019-tasks","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/256088"}}],"content":[{"title":"User interface tricks","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Here are some techniques that you can use to navigate the QuickBooks 2019 software more quickly:</p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 14.66px 48px; color: #333333; line-height: 18pt; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt;\">To move quickly to a specific list-box entry, press the letter. Press the s key to move to the first list entry that begins with the letter <i>s</i>, for example.</span></li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 14.66px 48px; color: #333333; line-height: 18pt; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt;\">To select a list-box entry shown within a dialog box and simultaneously choose a suggested command button for the active dialog box (probably the OK button), double-click the entry.</span></li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 14.66px 48px; color: #333333; line-height: 18pt; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt;\">To move the insertion point to the beginning of a field, press Home.</span></li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 14.66px 48px; color: #333333; line-height: 18pt; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt;\">To move the insertion point to the end of a field, press End.</span></li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 14.66px 48px; color: #333333; line-height: 18pt; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt;\">QuickBooks can display a list of open windows in its Open Window list. To display the Open Window list, choose View</span>→<span style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Open Window List. To move to a listed window, just click it.</span></li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 14.66px 48px; color: #333333; line-height: 18pt; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt;\">To tell QuickBooks to use windows the same way every other program does, choose View</span>→<span style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Multiple Windows. Alternatively, to tell QuickBooks to display just the active window, choose View</span>→<span style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Georgia',serif; font-size: 12pt;\">One Window.</span></li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Keyboard shortcuts","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Use the QuickBooks 2019 keyboard shortcuts shown in the following table to make your day-to-day small-business accounting easier and faster.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\"><strong>Press This PC Shortcut</strong></td>\n<td width=\"447\"><strong>QuickBooks Does This</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Alt+S</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Saves a transaction</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Alt+N</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Saves a transaction and goes to a new transaction</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+A</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Displays the Chart of Accounts window</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+C</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Copies your selection to the Clipboard</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+D</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Deletes check, invoice, transaction, or item from the list</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+E</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Edits transaction selected in the register</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+F</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Displays the Find window</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+G</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Goes to the other side of a transfer transaction</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+I</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Displays the Create Invoice window</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+J</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Displays the Customer:Job List window</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+M</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Memorizes a transaction</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+N</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Creates a new <em>&lt;fill in the blank&gt;</em> where <em>&lt;fill in the blank&gt;</em> is whatever is active at the time</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+P</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Almost always prints the currently active register, list, or form</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+Q</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Creates and displays a QuickReport on the selected transaction</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+R</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Displays the Register window</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Crtl+T</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Displays the memorized transaction list</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+V</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Pastes the contents of the Clipboard</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+W</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Displays the Write Checks window</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+X</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Moves your selection to the Clipboard</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+Z</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Undoes your last action — usually</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+Enter</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Saves the changes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+Insert</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Inserts a line into a list of items or expenses</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Ctrl+Delete</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Deletes the selected line from a list of items or expenses</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">Esc</td>\n<td width=\"447\">Closes the active window</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Performing common QuickBooks tasks","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>To perform a common accounting or bookkeeping task in QuickBooks, use these commands. When QuickBooks displays the commands window, you just fill in the boxes and press Enter.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\"><strong>To Do This</strong></td>\n<td width=\"286\"><strong>Choose This QuickBooks Command</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\"><em>Dealing with Customers</em></td>\n<td width=\"286\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Invoice a customer</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Customers→Create Invoices</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Record a cash sale</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Customers→Enter Sales Receipts</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Issue a credit memo</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Customers→Create Credit Memo/Refunds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Record a customer payment</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Customers→Receive Payments</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\"><em>Handling Banking Activities</em></td>\n<td width=\"286\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Pay a bill with a check</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Banking→Write Checks</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Buy inventory with a check</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Banking→Write Checks</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Move money between bank accounts</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Banking→Transfer Funds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Deposit money in a bank account</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Banking→Make Deposits</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">See a bank account’s transactions</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Banking→Use Register</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Reconcile a bank account</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Banking→Reconcile</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\"><em>Working with Vendors</em></td>\n<td width=\"286\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Prepare a purchase order</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Vendors→Create Purchase Orders</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Record when items are received</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Vendors→Receive Items or Vendors→Receive Items and Enter Bill</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Record an accounts payable amount</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Vendors→Enter Bills or Vendors→Enter Bill for Received Items</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\"><em>Managing Employees</em></td>\n<td width=\"286\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Preparing employee payroll</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Employees→Pay Employees</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Paying tax deposits</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Employees→Payroll Taxes and Liabilities→Pay Scheduled Liabilities</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\"><em>Getting Financial Information</em></td>\n<td width=\"286\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Accounts</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Lists→Chart of Accounts</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Customers</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Customers→Customer Center</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Inventory</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Lists→Item List or Vendors→Inventory Activies→Inventory Center</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Vendors</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Vendors→Vendor Center</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Employees</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Employees→Employee Center</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Profit and loss</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Reports→Company &amp; Financial→Profit &amp; Loss Standard or one of the other profit &amp; loss reports on Company &amp; Financial submenu</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Net worth</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Reports→Company &amp; Financial→Balance Sheet Standard or one of the other balance sheet reports on the Company &amp; Financial submenu</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\"><em>Managing the QuickBooks System</em></td>\n<td width=\"286\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Setting up a new company</td>\n<td width=\"286\">File→New Company</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Resetting company information</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Company→Company Information</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Backing up data file</td>\n<td width=\"286\">File→Save Copy or Back Up</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Restoring a data file</td>\n<td width=\"286\">File→Open or Restore Company</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Customizing QuickBooks</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Edit→Preferences</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"254\">Adjusting accounting data</td>\n<td width=\"286\">Company→Make Journal Entries</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Right-click for common tasks","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>To perform a common QuickBooks 2019 task related to a window, right-click to display a shortcut menu. In a register, select and right-click a specific transaction; in a list, right-click an item; in a form, display a transaction and right-click a blank area of the form.</p>\n<p>QuickBooks displays a shortcut menu of common commands for each particular transaction, item, or window. It often displays commands for memorizing or voiding a transaction, for example, or for creating a QuickReport on a transaction. The commands differ based on the type of transaction you select.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-05-02T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":256094},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2018-03-02T18:53:33+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-05-02T14:14:35+00:00","timestamp":"2022-05-02T18:01:06+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Programming & Web Design","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33592"},"slug":"programming-web-design","categoryId":33592},{"name":"R","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33607"},"slug":"r","categoryId":33607}],"title":"R Projects For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"r projects for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"r-projects-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Keep this Cheat Sheet nearby when working in R for quick reference to functions for users, machine learning, databases, maps, and more.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"To complete any project using R, you work with functions that live in packages designed for specific areas. This cheat sheet provides some information about these functions.","description":"To complete any project using R, you work with functions that live in packages designed for specific areas. This cheat sheet provides some information about these functions.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9759,"name":"Joseph Schmuller","slug":"joseph-schmuller","description":"Joseph Schmuller, PhD, is a research scholar at the University of North Florida. He is a former member of the American Statistical Association and has taught statistics at the undergraduate, honors undergraduate, and graduate levels.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9759"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33607,"title":"R","slug":"r","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33607"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":251666,"title":"R Project: Combining an Image with an Animated Image","slug":"r-project-combining-image-animated-image","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251666"}},{"articleId":251663,"title":"11 Useful Resources for R Programmers","slug":"11-useful-resources-r-programmers","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251663"}},{"articleId":251660,"title":"R Project: Delay and Weather","slug":"r-project-delay-weather","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251660"}},{"articleId":251657,"title":"R Project for RFM Analysis: Another Data Set","slug":"r-project-rfm-analysis-another-data-set","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251657"}},{"articleId":251653,"title":"R Project for Neural Networks: Rattling Around","slug":"r-project-neural-networks-rattling-around","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251653"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":262959,"title":"Statistical Analysis with R For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"statistical-analysis-with-r-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/262959"}},{"articleId":251666,"title":"R Project: Combining an Image with an Animated Image","slug":"r-project-combining-image-animated-image","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251666"}},{"articleId":251663,"title":"11 Useful Resources for R Programmers","slug":"11-useful-resources-r-programmers","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251663"}},{"articleId":251660,"title":"R Project: Delay and Weather","slug":"r-project-delay-weather","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251660"}},{"articleId":251657,"title":"R Project for RFM Analysis: Another Data Set","slug":"r-project-rfm-analysis-another-data-set","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251657"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281847,"slug":"r-projects-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119446187","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/111944618X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/111944618X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/111944618X-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/111944618X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/111944618X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/r-projects-for-dummies-cover-9781119446187-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"R Projects For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"9759\">Joseph Schmuller, PhD,</b> is a veteran of more than 25 years in Information Technology. He is the author of several books, including <i>Statistical Analysis with R For Dummies</i> and four editions of <i>Statistical Analysis with Excel For Dummies.</i> In addition, he has written numerous articles and created online coursework for Lynda.com. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9759,"name":"Joseph Schmuller","slug":"joseph-schmuller","description":"Joseph Schmuller, PhD, is a research scholar at the University of North Florida. He is a former member of the American Statistical Association and has taught statistics at the undergraduate, honors undergraduate, and graduate levels.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9759"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;programming-web-design&quot;,&quot;r&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119446187&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-62701c62caf1b\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;programming-web-design&quot;,&quot;r&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119446187&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-62701c62cb8fe\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":250440,"title":"Interacting with Users with R Functions","slug":"interacting-users-r-functions","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/250440"}},{"articleId":250443,"title":"Tackling Machine Learning with R","slug":"tackling-machine-learning-r","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/250443"}},{"articleId":250446,"title":"Working with Large(ish) Databases in R","slug":"working-largeish-databases-r","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/250446"}},{"articleId":250449,"title":"Manipulating Maps and Images with R","slug":"manipulating-maps-images-r","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","r"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/250449"}}],"content":[{"title":"Interacting with users with R functions","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Here&#8217;s a selection of statistical functions that come with the standard R installation. You&#8217;ll find many others in R packages. R provides the <code>shiny </code>package and the <code>shinydashboard </code>package for developing interactive applications. Here are selected functions from these packages:</p>\n<table width=\"648\">\n<caption><strong>Central Tendency and Variability</strong></caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\"><strong>Function</strong></td>\n<td width=\"388\"><strong>What it Calculates</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\"><code>mean(x)</code></td>\n<td width=\"388\">Mean of the numbers in vector x.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\"><code>median(x)</code></td>\n<td width=\"388\">Median of the numbers in vector x</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\"><code>var(x)</code></td>\n<td width=\"388\">Estimated variance of the population from which the numbers in vector x are sampled</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\"><code>sd(x)</code></td>\n<td width=\"388\">Estimated standard deviation of the population from which the numbers in vector x are sampled</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\"><code>scale(x)</code></td>\n<td width=\"388\">Standard scores (z-scores) for the numbers in vector x</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Relative Standing</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><strong>Function</strong></td>\n<td width=\"266\"><strong>What it Calculates</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><code>sort(x)</code></td>\n<td width=\"266\">The numbers in vector x in increasing order</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><code>sort(x)[n]</code></td>\n<td width=\"266\">The nth smallest number in vector x</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><code>rank(x)</code></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Ranks of the numbers (in increasing order) in vector x</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><code>rank(-x)</code></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Ranks of the numbers (in decreasing order) in vector x</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><code>rank(x, ties.method= \"average\")</code></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Ranks of the numbers (in increasing order) in vector x, with tied numbers given the average of the ranks that the ties would have attained</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><code>rank(x, ties.method=  \"min\")</code></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Ranks of the numbers (in increasing order) in vector x, with tied numbers given the minimum of the ranks that the ties would have attained</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><code>rank(x, ties.method = \"max\")</code></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Ranks of the numbers (in increasing order) in vector x, with tied numbers given the maximum of the ranks that the ties would have attained</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><code>quantile(x)</code></td>\n<td width=\"266\">The 0th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 100th percentiles (i.e, the <em>quartiles</em>) of the numbers in vector x. (That’s not a misprint: quantile(x) returns the quartiles of x.)</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>T-tests</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"184\"><strong>Function</strong></td>\n<td width=\"348\"><strong>What it Calculates</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"184\"><code>t.test(x,mu=n, alternative = \"two.sided\")</code></td>\n<td width=\"348\">Two-tailed t-test that the mean of the numbers in vector x is different from n.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"184\"><code>t.test(x,mu=n, alternative = \"greater\")</code></td>\n<td width=\"348\">One-tailed t-test that the mean of the numbers in vector x is greater than n.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"184\"><code>t.test(x,mu=n, alternative = \"less\")</code></td>\n<td width=\"348\">One-tailed t-test that the mean of the numbers in vector x is less than n.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"184\"><code>t.test(x,y,mu=0, var.equal  = TRUE, alternative = \"two.sided\")</code></td>\n<td width=\"348\">Two-tailed t-test that the mean of the numbers in vector x is different from the mean of the numbers in vector y. The variances in the two vectors are assumed to be equal.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"184\"><code>t.test(x,y,mu=0, alternative = \"two.sided\", paired  = TRUE)</code></td>\n<td width=\"348\">Two-tailed t-test that the mean of the numbers in vector x is different from the mean of the numbers in vector y. The vectors represent matched samples.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"136\"><strong>Function</strong></td>\n<td width=\"396\"><strong>What it Calculates</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"136\"><code>aov(y~x, data = d)</code></td>\n<td width=\"396\">Single-factor ANOVA, with the numbers in vector y as the dependent variable and the elements of vector x as the levels of the independent variable. The data are in data frame d.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"136\"><code>aov(y~x + Error(w/x), data = d)</code></td>\n<td width=\"396\">Repeated Measures ANOVA, with the numbers in vector y as the dependent variable and the elements in vector x as the levels of an independent variable. Error(w/x) indicates that each element in vector w experiences all the levels of x (i.e., x is a repeated measure). The data are in data frame d.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"136\"><code>aov(y~x*z, data = d)</code></td>\n<td width=\"396\">Two-factor ANOVA, with the numbers in vector y as the dependent variable and the elements of vectors x and z as the levels of the two independent variables. The data are in data frame d.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"136\"><code>aov(y~x*z + Error(w/z), data = d)</code></td>\n<td width=\"396\">Mixed ANOVA, with the numbers in vector z as the dependent variable and the elements of vectors x and y as the levels of the two independent variables. Error(w/z) indicates that each element in vector w experiences all the levels of z (i.e., z is a repeated measure). The data are in data frame d.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Correlation and Regression</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><strong>Function</strong></td>\n<td width=\"357\"><strong>What it Calculates</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>cor(x,y)</code></td>\n<td width=\"357\">Correlation coefficient between the numbers in vector x and the numbers in vector y</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>cor.test(x,y)</code></td>\n<td width=\"357\">Correlation coefficient between the numbers in vector x and the numbers in vector y, along with a t-test of the significance of the correlation coefficient.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>lm(y~x, data = d)</code></td>\n<td width=\"357\">Linear regression analysis with the numbers in vector y as the dependent variable and the numbers in vector x as the independent variable. Data are in data frame d.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>coefficients(a)</code></td>\n<td width=\"357\">Slope and intercept of linear regression model a.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>confint(a)</code></td>\n<td width=\"357\">Confidence intervals of the slope and intercept of linear regression model a</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>lm(y~x+z, data = d)</code></td>\n<td width=\"357\">Multiple regression analysis with the numbers in vector y as the dependent variable and the numbers in vectors x and z as the independent variables. Data are in data frame d.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">When you carry out an ANOVA or a regression analysis, store the analysis in a list.</p>\n<p>For example, <code>a &lt;- lm(y~x, data = d)</code>.</p>\n<p>Then, to see the tabled results, use the <code>summary()</code> function:</p>\n<p><code>summary(a)</code></p>\n"},{"title":"Tackling machine learning with R","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Machine Learning (ML) is a popular area. R provides a number of ML-related packages and functions. Here are some of them:</p>\n<p><strong>Machine Learning Packages and Functions</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><strong>Package</strong></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><strong>Function</strong></td>\n<td width=\"281\"><strong>What it does</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>rattle</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>rattle()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Opens the Rattle Graphic User Interface</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>rpart</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>rpart()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Creates a decision tree</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>rpart.plot</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>prp()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Draws a decision tree</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>randomForest</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>randomForest()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Creates a random forest of decision trees</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>rattle</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>printRandomForests()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Prints the rules of a forest’s individual decision trees</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>e1071</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>svm()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Trains a support vector machine</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>e1071</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>predict()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Creates a vector of predicted classifications based on a support vector machine</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>kernlab</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>ksvm()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Trains a support vector machine</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>base R</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>kmeans()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Creates a k-means clustering analysis</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>nnet</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>nnet()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Creates a neural network with one hidden layer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>NeuralNetTools</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>plotnet()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Draws a neural network</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"109\"><code>nnet</code></td>\n<td width=\"142\"><code>predict()</code></td>\n<td width=\"281\">Creates a vector of predictions based on a neural network</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n"},{"title":"Working with large(ish) databases in R","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Created for statistical analysis, R has a wide array of packages and functions for dealing with large amounts of data. This selection is the tip of the iceberg’s tip:</p>\n<p><strong>Packages and Functions for Exploring Databases</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"><strong>Package</strong></td>\n<td width=\"140\"><strong>Function</strong></td>\n<td width=\"299\"><strong>What it does</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"><code>didrooRFM</code></td>\n<td width=\"140\"><code>findRFM()</code></td>\n<td width=\"299\">Performs a Recency, Frequency, Money analysis on a database of retail transactions</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"><code>vcd</code></td>\n<td width=\"140\"><code>assocstats()</code></td>\n<td width=\"299\">Calculates statistics for tables of categorical data</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"><code>vcd</code></td>\n<td width=\"140\"><code>assoc()</code></td>\n<td width=\"299\">Creates a graphic that shows deviations from independence in a table of categorical data</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"><code>tidyverse</code></td>\n<td width=\"140\"><code>glimpse()</code></td>\n<td width=\"299\">Provides a partial view of a data frame with the columns appearing onscreen as rows</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"><code>plotrix</code></td>\n<td width=\"140\"><code>std.error()</code></td>\n<td width=\"299\">Calculates the standard error of the mean</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"><code>plyr</code></td>\n<td width=\"140\"><code>inner_join()</code></td>\n<td width=\"299\">Joins data frames</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"><code>lubridate</code></td>\n<td width=\"140\"><code>wday()</code></td>\n<td width=\"299\">Returns day of the week of a calendar date</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"><code>lubridate</code></td>\n<td width=\"140\"><code>ymd()</code></td>\n<td width=\"299\">Returns a date in R date-format</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Manipulating maps and images with R","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Here are some packages and functions to help you get started using R to draw maps and to process images.</p>\n<p><strong>Packages and Functions for Plotting Maps and for Processing Images</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><strong>Package</strong></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><strong>Function</strong></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><strong>What it does</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>maps</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>map_data()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Returns a data frame of latitudes and longitudes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>ggmaps</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>geocode()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Returns latitude and longitude of a place-name</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_read()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Reads an image into R and turns it into a magick object</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_resize()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Resizes an image</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_rotate()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Rotates an image</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_flip()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Rotates an image on a horizontal axis</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_flop()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Rotates an image on a vertical axis</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_annotate()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Adds text to an image</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_background()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Sets the background for an image</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_composite()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Combines images</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_morph()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Makes one image appear to gradually become (morph into) another</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_animate()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Puts an animation into the RStudio Viewer window</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_apply()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Applies a function to every frame in an animated GIF</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>magick</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><code>image_write()</code></td>\n<td width=\"177\">Saves an animation as a reusable GIF</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-05-02T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":250453},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:48:16+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-27T21:14:13+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-28T00:01:06+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Information Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33572"},"slug":"information-technology","categoryId":33572},{"name":"Data Science","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33577"},"slug":"data-science","categoryId":33577},{"name":"General (Data Science)","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33580"},"slug":"general-data-science","categoryId":33580}],"title":"Predictive Analytics For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"predictive analytics for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"predictive-analytics-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"These handy predictive analytics tips and checklists will help keep your project on the rails and out of the woods.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"A predictive analytics project combines execution of details with big-picture thinking. These handy tips and checklists will help keep your project on the rails and out of the woods.","description":"A predictive analytics project combines execution of details with big-picture thinking. These handy tips and checklists will help keep your project on the rails and out of the woods.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9445,"name":"Anasse Bari","slug":"anasse-bari","description":"Anasse Bari, PhD, is a data science expert and university professor with many years of predictive modeling and data analytics experience. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9445"}},{"authorId":9446,"name":"Mohamed Chaouchi","slug":"mohamed-chaouchi","description":"Mohamed Chaouchi is a veteran software engineer who has conducted extensive research using data mining methods. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9446"}},{"authorId":9447,"name":"Tommy Jung","slug":"tommy-jung","description":"Tommy Jung is a software engineer with expertise in enterprise web applications and analytics. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9447"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33580,"title":"General (Data Science)","slug":"general-data-science","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33580"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":229559,"title":"Predictive Analytics: Knowing When to Update Your Model","slug":"predictive-analytics-knowing-update-model","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/229559"}},{"articleId":229556,"title":"Tips for Building Deployable Models for Predictive Analytics","slug":"tips-building-deployable-models-predictive-analytics","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/229556"}},{"articleId":229553,"title":"Using Relevant Data for Predictive Analytics: Avoid “Garbage In, Garbage Out”","slug":"using-relevant-data-predictive-analytics-avoid-garbage-garbage","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/229553"}},{"articleId":229550,"title":"How to Build a Predictive Analytics Team","slug":"build-predictive-analytics-team","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/229550"}},{"articleId":229544,"title":"Enterprise Architecture for Big Data","slug":"enterprise-architecture-big-data","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/229544"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":289776,"title":"Decision Intelligence For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"decision-intelligence-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/289776"}},{"articleId":289744,"title":"Microsoft Power BI For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"microsoft-power-bi-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/289744"}},{"articleId":275249,"title":"Laws and Regulations You Should Know for Blockchain Data Analysis Projects","slug":"laws-and-regulations-you-should-know-for-blockchain-data-analysis-projects","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/275249"}},{"articleId":275244,"title":"Aligning Blockchain Data with Real-World Business Processes","slug":"aligning-blockchain-data-with-real-world-business-processes","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/275244"}},{"articleId":275239,"title":"Fitting Blockchain into Today’s Business Processes","slug":"fitting-blockchain-into-todays-business-processes","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/275239"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281827,"slug":"predictive-analytics-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9781119267003","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119267005/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119267005/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119267005-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119267005/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119267005/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/predictive-analytics-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9781119267003-201x255.jpg","width":201,"height":255},"title":"Predictive Analytics For Dummies, 2nd Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"10987\">Anasse Bari, Ph.D. </b>is data science expert and a university professor who has many years of predictive modeling and data analytics experience.</p> <p><b data-author-id=\"9446\">Mohamed Chaouchi </b>is a veteran software engineer who has conducted extensive research using data mining methods. </p>\n<p><b data-author-id=\"9447\">Tommy Jung</b> is a software engineer with expertise in enterprise web applications and analytics. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":10987,"name":"Dr. Anasse Bari","slug":"dr-anasse-bari","description":"","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10987"}},{"authorId":9446,"name":"Mohamed Chaouchi","slug":"mohamed-chaouchi","description":"Mohamed Chaouchi is a veteran software engineer who has conducted extensive research using data mining methods. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9446"}},{"authorId":9447,"name":"Tommy Jung","slug":"tommy-jung","description":"Tommy Jung is a software engineer with expertise in enterprise web applications and analytics. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9447"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;information-technology&quot;,&quot;data-science&quot;,&quot;general-data-science&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119267003&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6269d942c346f\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;information-technology&quot;,&quot;data-science&quot;,&quot;general-data-science&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119267003&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6269d942c3ddd\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":155457,"title":"Building a Predictive Analytics Model","slug":"building-a-predictive-analytics-model","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/155457"}},{"articleId":155445,"title":"Data Sources for Predictive Analytics Projects","slug":"data-sources-for-predictive-analytics-projects","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/155445"}},{"articleId":155403,"title":"Ensuring Success When Using Predictive Analytics","slug":"ensuring-success-when-using-predictive-analytics","categoryList":["technology","information-technology","data-science","general-data-science"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/155403"}}],"content":[{"title":"Building a predictive analytics model","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>A successful predictive analytics project is executed step by step. As you immerse yourself in the details of the project, watch for these major milestones:</p>\n<ol class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Defining Business Objectives</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">The project starts with using a well-defined business objective. The model is supposed to address a business question. Clearly stating that objective will allow you to define the scope of your project, and will provide you with the exact test to measure its success.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Preparing Data</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">You’ll use historical data to train your model. The data is usually scattered across multiple sources and may require cleansing and preparation. Data may contain duplicate records and outliers; depending on the analysis and the business objective, you decide whether to keep or remove them. Also, the data could have missing values, may need to undergo some transformation, and may be used to generate derived attributes that have more predictive power for your objective. Overall, the quality of the data indicates the quality of the model.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Sampling Your Data</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">You’ll need to split your data into two sets: training and test datasets. You build the model using the training dataset. You use the test data set to verify the accuracy of the model’s output. Doing so is absolutely crucial. Otherwise you run the risk of <i>overfitting</i> your model — training the model with a limited dataset, to the point that it picks all the characteristics (both the signal and the noise) that are only true for that particular dataset. An model that’s overfitted for a specific data set will perform miserably when you run it on other datasets. A test dataset ensures a valid way to accurately measure your model’s performance.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Building the Model</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Sometimes the data or the business objectives lend themselves to a specific algorithm or model. Other times the best approach is not so clear-cut. As you explore the data, run as many algorithms as you can; compare their outputs. Base your choice of the final model on the overall results. Sometimes you’re better off running an ensemble of models simultaneously on the data and choosing a final model by comparing their outputs.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Deploying the Model</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">After building the model, you have to deploy it in order to reap its benefits. That process may require co-ordination with other departments. Aim at building a deployable model. Also be sure you know how to present your results to the business stakeholders in an understandable and convincing way so they adopt your model. After the model is deployed, you’ll need to monitor its performance and continue improving it. Most models decay after a certain period of time. Keep your model up to date by refreshing it with newly available data.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n"},{"title":"Data sources for predictive analytics projects","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Data for a predictive analytics project can come from many different sources. Some of the most common sources are within your own organization; other common sources include data purchased from outside vendors.</p>\n<p>Internal data sources include</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Transactional data, such as customer purchases</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Customer profiles, such as user-entered information from registration forms</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Campaign histories, including whether customers responded to advertisements</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Clickstream data, including the patterns of customers’ web clicks</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Customer interactions, such as those from e-mails, chats, surveys, and customer-service calls</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Machine-generated data, such as that from telematics, sensors, and smart meters</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>External data sources include</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Subscription services such as Bloomberg, Thompson Reuters, Esri, and Westlaw</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>By combining data from several disparate data sources in your predictive models, you may get a better overall view of your customer, thus a more accurate model.</p>\n"},{"title":"Ensuring success when using predictive analytics","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Think of predictive analytics as a bright bulb powered by your data. The light (insight) from predictive analytics can empower your strategy, streamline your operations, and improve your bottom line. The followings four recommendations can help you ensure success for your predictive analytics initiatives.</p>\n<h2>Foster a culture of change</h2>\n<p>Predictive analytics should be adopted across the organization as a whole. The organization should embrace change. Business stakeholders should be ready to incorporate recommendations and adopt findings derived from the predictive analytics projects. The outcomes of a predictive analytics projects are only valuable if the business leaders are willing to act on them.</p>\n<h2>Create a data-science team</h2>\n<p>Hire a data-science team whose sole job is to establish and support your predictive analytics solutions. This team of talented professionals— comprising business analysts, data scientists, and information technologists — is better equipped to work on the project full-time. Including a range of professional backgrounds can bring valuable insights to the team from other domains. Selecting team members from different departments in your organization can help ensure a widespread buy-in.</p>\n<h2>Use visualization tools effectively</h2>\n<p>Visualization is a powerful way to conveying complex ideas efficiently. Using visualization effectively can help you initially explore and understand the data you’re working with. Visual aids such as charts can also help you evaluate the model’s output or compare the performance of predictive models.</p>\n<h2>Use predictive analytics tools</h2>\n<p>Powerful predictive analytics tools are available as software packages in the marketplace. They’re designed to make the whole process a lot easier. Without the use of such tools, building a model from scratch quickly becomes time-intensive. Using a good predictive analytics tool enables you to run multiple scenarios and instantaneously compare the results — all with a few clicks. A tool can quickly automate many of time-consuming steps required to build and evaluate one or more models.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-27T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207733},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:57:32+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-27T20:31:50+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-28T00:01:06+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33618"},"slug":"software","categoryId":33618},{"name":"Money Management Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33653"},"slug":"money-management-software","categoryId":33653},{"name":"QuickBooks","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33656"},"slug":"quickbooks","categoryId":33656}],"title":"QuickBooks Simple Start For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"quickbooks simple start for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"quickbooks-simple-start-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This Cheat Sheet can serve as a handy reference to working QuickBooks Simple Start, including keyboard shortcuts, common tasks, and more.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Keeping track of your accounting with QuickBooks Simple Start means organizing your debits and credits, applying user interface tips, using calculating and editing tricks, working efficiently with keyboard shortcuts, and right-clicking on your mouse to perform basic tasks in QuickBooks Simple Start.","description":"Keeping track of your accounting with QuickBooks Simple Start means organizing your debits and credits, applying user interface tips, using calculating and editing tricks, working efficiently with keyboard shortcuts, and right-clicking on your mouse to perform basic tasks in QuickBooks Simple Start.","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33656,"title":"QuickBooks","slug":"quickbooks","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33656"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":282793,"title":"QuickBooks Online: It’s All About Subscriptions","slug":"quickbooks-online-its-all-about-subscriptions","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/282793"}},{"articleId":282790,"title":"An Overview of What Won’t Import into QuickBooks Online","slug":"an-overview-of-what-wont-import-into-quickbooks-online","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/282790"}},{"articleId":282763,"title":"How to Review a Client QBO Company's Setup","slug":"how-to-review-a-client-qbo-companys-setup","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/282763"}},{"articleId":277889,"title":"How to Work in a QuickBooks Online Client’s Company","slug":"how-to-work-in-a-quickbooks-online-clients-company","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/277889"}},{"articleId":277688,"title":"How to Bill for Time in QuickBooks 2021","slug":"how-to-bill-for-time-in-quickbooks-2021","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/277688"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;money-management-software&quot;,&quot;quickbooks&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6269d942992c2\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;money-management-software&quot;,&quot;quickbooks&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6269d94299c68\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":194344,"title":"Keeping Your Debits and Credits Straight in QuickBooks Simple Start","slug":"keeping-your-debits-and-credits-straight-in-quickbooks-simple-start","categoryList":["technology","software","money-management-software","quickbooks"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194344"}},{"articleId":194343,"title":"QuickBooks Simple Start Keyboard Shortcuts","slug":"quickbooks-simple-start-keyboard-shortcuts","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194343"}},{"articleId":194368,"title":"Right-Click to Perform Common Tasks in QuickBooks Simple Start","slug":"right-click-to-perform-common-tasks-in-quickbooks-simple-start","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194368"}},{"articleId":194337,"title":"Some QuickBooks Simple Start User Interface Tricks","slug":"some-quickbooks-simple-start-user-interface-tricks","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194337"}},{"articleId":194342,"title":"Some QuickBooks Simple Start Calculation and Editing Tricks","slug":"some-quickbooks-simple-start-calculation-and-editing-tricks","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194342"}}],"content":[{"title":"Keeping track of your debits and credits","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>To keep track of your debits and credits in QuickBooks Simple Start, remember that the left (debit) is the natural balance for asset accounts, and the right (credit) is the natural balance for liability and owner’s equity accounts.</p>\n<p class=\"article-tips remember\">Assets = Liabilities  + Owner’s Equity. (The exceptions are contra accounts and expense accounts that add or deduct from other accounts to form a net amount.)</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Account Type</th>\n<th>Debits</th>\n<th>Credits</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Assets</td>\n<td>Increase asset accounts</td>\n<td>Decrease asset accounts</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Liabilities</td>\n<td>Decrease liability accounts</td>\n<td>Increase liability accounts</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Owner’s equity</td>\n<td>Decrease owner’s equity accounts</td>\n<td>Increase owner’s equity accounts</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Income</td>\n<td>Decrease income accounts</td>\n<td>Increase income accounts</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Expenses</td>\n<td>Increase expense accounts</td>\n<td>Decrease expense accounts</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Keyboard shortcuts","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When you’re working in QuickBooks Simple Start, take advantage of keyboard shortcuts for efficiency. Although they may take a while to internalize, keyboard shortcuts can save you a lot of time. This guide represents the PC keys to press and the action that occurs:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Press This PC Shortcut</th>\n<th>And QuickBooks Does This</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alt</td>\n<td>Activates the menu bar so you can select command names by<br />\npressing the underlined letter in the menu or command name</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alt+F4</td>\n<td>Exits the QuickBooks program</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+A</td>\n<td>Displays the Chart of Accounts window</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+C</td>\n<td>Copies your selection to the clipboard</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+D</td>\n<td>Within a register window, deletes the selected transaction</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+E</td>\n<td>Within a register window, opens the selected transaction so you<br />\ncan edit it</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+F</td>\n<td>Displays the Find window</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+G</td>\n<td>Goes to the other side of a transfer transaction</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+I</td>\n<td>Displays the Create Invoice window</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+J</td>\n<td>Displays the Customer list window</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+ N</td>\n<td>When you’re working with a window—such as the<br />\nCreate Invoices window or the Write Checks window—displays an<br />\nempty, fresh window so you can add a new transaction</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+V</td>\n<td>Pastes the contents of the clipboard</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+X</td>\n<td>Moves your selection to the clipboard</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+Z</td>\n<td>Undoes your last action — usually</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+Ins</td>\n<td>Inserts a line into a list of items or expenses</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ctrl+Del</td>\n<td>Deletes the selected line from a list of items or expenses</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Right-click to perform common tasks","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>To perform a common task related to a window, transaction, or item in QuickBooks Simple Start, you can use the right mouse button to display a shortcut menu. For example, right-clicking often displays commands for deleting or voiding the transaction, or creating a QuickReport on the transaction. The commands vary depending on the type of transaction you select or the window you’ve right-clicked:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">In a register, select and right-click a specific transaction</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">In a list, right-click an item</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">In a form, display a transaction and right-click a blank area of the form.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">In a list window, right-click somewhere inside the window.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Some user interface tricks","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Working your way through QuickBooks Simple Start is easier when you use these tricks to navigate through the QuickBooks Simple Start program and interact with the system’s displays. Here are a few user interface tips:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">To get help, press the F1 function key. QuickBooks starts the Help program and shows you information about the part of the QuickBooks program you’re working in.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">To move quickly to a specific list box entry, press the letter.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">To select a list box entry and choose a dialog box’s suggested command button, double-click the entry.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">To move the insertion point to the beginning of a field, press Home.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">To move the insertion point to the end of a field, press End.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">To move to another program, click the other program’s button on the Windows task bar. To move back to the QuickBooks program, click the QuickBooks task bar button.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">To minimize the QuickBooks program window (so you can see or work with whatever is underneath the QuickBooks program window), click the Minimize button in the upper-right corner of the Quickbooks program window. The minimize window shows a picture of a task bar button.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Some calculation and editing tricks","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>These Quickbooks Simple Start tips can help you work easily through math calculations if you’re in the amount field, and editing the day if you’re in the date field. Here’s a guide for help:</p>\n<p>If the selection cursor is on amount field, you can use these symbol keys to make calculations:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Press</th>\n<th>What Happens</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>+</td>\n<td>To add the number you just typed to the next number you<br />\ntype</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;</td>\n<td>To subtract the next number you type from the number you just<br />\ntyped</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>*</td>\n<td>To multiply the number you just typed by the next number you<br />\ntype</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>/</td>\n<td>To divide the number you just typed by the next number you<br />\ntype</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>If the selection cursor is on a date field, you can use these tricks to edit the date:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Press</th>\n<th>What Happens</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>+</td>\n<td>Adds one day to the date shown</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>t</td>\n<td>Replaces the date shown with <b>t</b>oday’s date</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–</td>\n<td>Subtracts one day from the date shown</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>y</td>\n<td>Changes the date to the first day in the <b>y</b>ear</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>r</td>\n<td>Changes the date to the last day in the yea<b>r</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>m</td>\n<td>Changes the date to the first day in the <b>m</b>onth</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>h</td>\n<td>Changes the date to the last day in the mont<b>h</b></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-27T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":209292},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2018-06-02T04:51:46+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-27T19:00:34+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-28T00:01:06+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Programming & Web Design","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33592"},"slug":"programming-web-design","categoryId":33592},{"name":"Coding","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33599"},"slug":"coding","categoryId":33599}],"title":"Helping Kids with Coding For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"helping kids with coding for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"helping-kids-coding-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This Cheat Sheet offers many ways you can support children's learning of coding, and describes many possible career paths for coders.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Coding is fast becoming a skill that every child needs to be educated for in the 21st Century. But coding is taught at only a small fraction of schools, and often only at the high school level. Helping kids learn how to code also means you’re assisting them in developing a skill that is highly marketable and sets them apart from peers at school and later, in their careers.\r\n\r\nThe topics in this cheat sheet can assist you on getting started when your kid expresses an interest in learning how to code.","description":"Coding is fast becoming a skill that every child needs to be educated for in the 21st Century. But coding is taught at only a small fraction of schools, and often only at the high school level. Helping kids learn how to code also means you’re assisting them in developing a skill that is highly marketable and sets them apart from peers at school and later, in their careers.\r\n\r\nThe topics in this cheat sheet can assist you on getting started when your kid expresses an interest in learning how to code.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9324,"name":"Camille McCue","slug":"camille-mccue","description":"Camille McCue, PhD, is a STEM educator and school principal who has worked for IBM, NASA, and PBS. She has taught every grade from kindergarten to grad school, covering topics ranging from Scratch to AP computer science.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9324"}},{"authorId":9091,"name":"Sarah Guthals","slug":"sarah-guthals","description":"Sarah Guthals, PhD, is a social software engineer, entrepreneur, and former engineering manager at GitHub. She is coauthor of Helping Kids with Coding For Dummies.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9091"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33599,"title":"Coding","slug":"coding","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33599"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":253846,"title":"Helping Kids with Coding: Distributing Mobile Apps","slug":"helping-kids-coding-distributing-mobile-apps","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/253846"}},{"articleId":253837,"title":"Using the MIT App Inventor to Teach Kids Coding","slug":"using-mit-app-inventor-teach-kids-coding","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/253837"}},{"articleId":253831,"title":"Teaching Kids Strategies for Debugging Code","slug":"teaching-kids-strategies-debugging-code","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/253831"}},{"articleId":253826,"title":"Helping Kids Find Common Coding Semantic Errors","slug":"helping-kids-find-common-coding-semantic-errors","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/253826"}},{"articleId":253818,"title":"Teaching Kids to Code Subprograms with Parameters","slug":"teaching-kids-code-subprograms-parameters","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/253818"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":253846,"title":"Helping Kids with Coding: Distributing Mobile Apps","slug":"helping-kids-coding-distributing-mobile-apps","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/253846"}},{"articleId":253837,"title":"Using the MIT App Inventor to Teach Kids Coding","slug":"using-mit-app-inventor-teach-kids-coding","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/253837"}},{"articleId":253831,"title":"Teaching Kids Strategies for Debugging Code","slug":"teaching-kids-strategies-debugging-code","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/253831"}},{"articleId":253826,"title":"Helping Kids Find Common Coding Semantic Errors","slug":"helping-kids-find-common-coding-semantic-errors","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/253826"}},{"articleId":253818,"title":"Teaching Kids to Code Subprograms with Parameters","slug":"teaching-kids-code-subprograms-parameters","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/253818"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281734,"slug":"helping-kids-with-coding-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119380672","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119380677/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119380677/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119380677-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119380677/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119380677/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/helping-kids-with-coding-for-dummies-cover-9781119380672-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Helping Kids with Coding For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"9324\">Camille McCue, PhD,</b> is Director of Curriculum Innovations at the Adelson Educational Campus in Las Vegas where she leads the Startup Incubator, teaches STEM, and kickstarts K-12 learning initiatives. <b data-author-id=\"9091\">Sarah Guthals, PhD,</b> co-founded an ed-tech company and now continues to build technology for kids to learn, create, and share safely online. She loves to teach teachers how to teach coding in the classroom. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9324,"name":"Camille McCue","slug":"camille-mccue","description":"Camille McCue, PhD, is a STEM educator and school principal who has worked for IBM, NASA, and PBS. She has taught every grade from kindergarten to grad school, covering topics ranging from Scratch to AP computer science.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9324"}},{"authorId":9091,"name":"Sarah Guthals","slug":"sarah-guthals","description":"Sarah Guthals, PhD, is a social software engineer, entrepreneur, and former engineering manager at GitHub. She is coauthor of Helping Kids with Coding For Dummies.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9091"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;programming-web-design&quot;,&quot;coding&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119380672&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6269d9428a284\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;programming-web-design&quot;,&quot;coding&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119380672&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6269d9428ac2a\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":252783,"title":"Programming Languages by Ages","slug":"programming-languages-ages","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/252783"}},{"articleId":252786,"title":"Career Paths for Coders","slug":"career-paths-coders","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/252786"}},{"articleId":252789,"title":"Example Applications for Novice Coders by Language","slug":"example-applications-novice-coders-language","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/252789"}},{"articleId":252825,"title":"10 Ways to Invest in a Kid’s Coding Future","slug":"10-ways-invest-kids-coding-future","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","coding"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/252825"}}],"content":[{"title":"Programming languages by ages","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When we were growing up, there weren’t as many applications and languages targeting novices. Logo and Basic were the main choices! Luckily, in the past decade, programmers and educators from around the world have developed so many languages and environments for coders of all ages and levels of expertise! This is a short list of programming languages, applications, and environments by age.</p>\n<h3><strong>Ages 4 to 7</strong></h3>\n<p>The general goal for coding with children as young as age 4 is to help them develop logical thinking and “computational thinking.” Basically, this is understanding how to break apart problems and formulate a set of clearly defined steps to solve the problem in such a way that a computer could carry out the steps.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://codespark.com/webglhost/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Foos</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.daisythedinosaur.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daisy the Dinosaur</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.scratchjr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ScratchJr</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.kodable.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kodable</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://lightbot.com/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Light Bot</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.makewonder.com/dash\">Dash and Dot</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.microworlds.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MicroWorlds JR</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Ages 8 to 12</strong></h3>\n<p>Children in this age range really rev up their coding as they advance their math skills and improve their abilities in creating long and more complex sequences of code.</p>\n<p>At this point your goals in guiding them are helping them expand their understanding of how code is used (apps, electronics, and others), fostering their creativity, and building their persistence in sticking-to-it when they encounter challenges — including debugging. Help them realize that they can build almost anything they can imagine!</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://scratch.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scratch</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://code.org/educate/applab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">App Lab</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gethopscotch.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hopscotch</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.kodugamelab.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kodu</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://microbit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">micro:bit</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://makecode.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Make Code</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.arduino.cc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arduino</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.microworlds.com/\">MicroWorlds EX</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.tynker.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tynker</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Ages 13+</strong></h3>\n<p>Coding with teens introduces a whole new world of making! This is usually when youth start working in text-based languages and therefore engage in industry-standard languages and high-level concepts.</p>\n<p>At this point, you should be motivating your young coders to think about how they might apply what they are learning to future careers, advising them to really plan their programs, and encouraging them to determine what languages would be best for what they want to build.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.alice.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://appinventor.mit.edu/explore/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MIT App Inventor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.python.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Python</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.javascript.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JavaScript</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://java.com/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Java</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.makewonder.com/cue_the_cleverbot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cue</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://gamesalad.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Game Salad</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>(<em>Note:</em> Alice is a teaching language, and Cue is a robot that uses both tile-based code and JavaScript.)</p>\n<p>Coding is a life-long journey. Even adults with extensive experience are surprised by the programs they can write in Scratch. So, if you have an older coder, don’t be afraid to challenge them with applications to build in “younger” languages.</p>\n<p>Scratch is the first language used at Berkeley for students who might be interested in computer science — undergraduate students! Exposure, creativity, and exploration is what matters; don’t feel the need to force kids to move onto “real” languages too quickly — let it be a journey!</p>\n"},{"title":"Career paths for coders","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The really neat thing about learning to code is that you can literally apply it to pretty much any other passion in life, and any other field.</p>\n<p>Our biggest piece of advice for coders in high school and college who are considering computer science as their career path is to first choose a passion outside of coding, and then figure out a way to apply coding to that passion. This doesn’t have to be a requirement, but it’s a lot of fun and really inspiring to have older kids discover that they can mix their love of rap music to their new-found excitement of computer science and make a career out of it.</p>\n<h3>Software companies</h3>\n<p>The most commonly talked about career path for someone interested in coding is to work for a software company — such as Google, Microsoft, or Facebook. These companies typically hire folks who have degrees in computer science (bachelor’s through doctorate), although they&#8217;ve been known to hire from boot camps and people who are self-taught.</p>\n<p>For many companies, the degree isn’t what matters, only the skill set coders possess. GitHub, for example, is a company that doesn’t require candidates to even list what school they went to, instead asking for a technical portfolio. These companies typically provide high-paying jobs, good benefits, and flexibility in work schedules. Coders are usually the focus of the company, and employees can work on cutting edge technology.</p>\n<h3>Freelance coding</h3>\n<p>One of the really neat things about the computer science industry is that you do not have to join a large tech company to be a part of the field! People all around the world with varying levels of formal education, from being self-taught to having PhDs in computer science, become freelance coders.</p>\n<p>Sites, such as <a href=\"https://www.upwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Upwork</a>, help coders find people who need code written for them. A lot of freelance coders will work on web development or mobile development, because those projects tend to be more contained and have clearer cut lines regarding ownership. This is a great career, especially for those who want to live in places where fewer technical jobs are available.</p>\n<h3>Entertainment companies</h3>\n<p>Most forms of entertainment these days involve an incredible amount of coding. For example, most movies have huge teams of software engineers for special effects and animation.</p>\n<p>Aside from movies, video games are huge efforts by hundreds and thousands of software engineers over years. For example, World of Warcraft took nearly five years to make. Companies such as Blizzard (creator of World of Warcraft) and Riot Games (creator of League of Legends) employ thousands of artists and engineers to produce games.</p>\n<p>Even the music industry has software engineers, creating soundboards, using algorithms to create new music, and discovering new ways to engage with their audiences.</p>\n<p>Finally, entertainment parks are filled with software engineers; most notably Disney’s <em>imagineers</em> are some of the most innovative when it comes to in-person customer experience.</p>\n<h3>Non-software focused companies</h3>\n<p>In today’s world, pretty much every industry and company has a need for a coder. Smaller companies might use existing software or get freelance coders to help. For example, small companies might use something like Wix or Squarespace to create their websites, both of which provide an easy-to-use interface for high quality websites.</p>\n<p>Larger companies, with more specialized software needs, might hire coders to make software specifically for their needs. For example, companies like Target hire software engineers to build the mobile apps, website, and behind-the-scenes software for sales and inventory.</p>\n<p>Working at non-software focused companies can be fun, because the software can have a direct application other than just “software.”</p>\n<h3>Any other industry</h3>\n<p>The really neat thing about knowing how to code is that it can be useful in pretty much any other industry and context, without it being the main focus of your career.</p>\n<p>Having the ability to code could give you the power to enhance and improve your job in ways you didn’t expect. Furthermore, even if you don’t code within your job, you will most likely interact with some kind of software, and that software will most likely have a problem. At this point, you will most likely have to interact with the IT department, and the more you understand about computers and coding, the more likely you are able to explain and help IT resolve your issue.</p>\n"},{"title":"Example applications for novice coders by language","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Following, are some ideas for programs you and your young coder can write, separated by programming language. You can also imagine creating almost any of these in the other languages, too.</p>\n<p>When in doubt, search the internet for examples of programs you want to build in the languages you want to build them in — luckily there is almost always a near-example that can help guide you.</p>\n<h3>Scratch</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/203946438/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Question and Answer Game</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252790\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0101.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-question\" width=\"535\" height=\"255\" /></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252791\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0102.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-answer\" width=\"535\" height=\"212\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/177641066/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asteroid Game</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252794\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0105.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-asteroid\" width=\"535\" height=\"334\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/195801142/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Costume Changer with Sounds</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252795\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0106.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-costume\" width=\"535\" height=\"157\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/204630366/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Helicopter Flying</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252796\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0107.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-helicopter\" width=\"535\" height=\"334\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/167906267/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crypto Code Breaker</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252798\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0109.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-crypto\" width=\"437\" height=\"400\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/204630588/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rock-Paper-Scissors</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252799\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0110.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-rock\" width=\"535\" height=\"334\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/196405818/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Random Art Maker 1</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252802\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0113.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-random-art\" width=\"535\" height=\"172\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/204631318/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Random Art Maker 2</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252803\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0114.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-randomart2\" width=\"535\" height=\"172\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/203948999/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Race</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252804\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0115.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-race\" width=\"535\" height=\"218\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/204631450/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greeter</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252809\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0120.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-greeter\" width=\"535\" height=\"238\" /></p>\n<h3>Micro:bit</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://makecode.microbit.org/_ajrTHD67s6Aw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stock Ticker</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252797\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0108.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-face\" width=\"535\" height=\"334\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://makecode.microbit.org/_MCLDL3MCqERH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Face Maker</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252822\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0333.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-stock\" width=\"535\" height=\"334\" /></p>\n<h3>MIT App Inventor</h3>\n<p>Mobile App Game</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252820\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0131.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-app\" width=\"250\" height=\"400\" /></p>\n<p>Greeter</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252821\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0132.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-winston\" width=\"250\" height=\"400\" /></p>\n<h3>JavaScript/HTML/CSS</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://drive.google.com/open?id=1xv55S2Z1vOhtOsMQJYPj-E_EqhWMQz6F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greeter</a></p>\n<p>Note: Be sure you have a file called “puppy.jpg” in the same folder as your HTML file so that the image actually appears.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252817\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0128.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-first\" width=\"535\" height=\"220\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ESeQvij2lkYDCdfDUPKgs2MvmMx0SPvs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Picture Hider</a></p>\n<p>Note: Be sure you have files called “puppy.jpg” and “kitten.jpeg” in the same folder as your HTML file so that the images actually appears.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252818\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0129.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-picture\" width=\"535\" height=\"244\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sALjJDsENfuBgIleYA1KAuhVzByAqzuO/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Webpage</a></p>\n<p>Note: Be sure you have files called “winston.jpg,” “princess.jpg,” and “luke.jpg” in the same folder as your HTML file so that the images actually appear!</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252819\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0130.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-welcome\" width=\"535\" height=\"187\" /></p>\n<h3>Python</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://repl.it/@sguthals/GainsboroAthleticCodewarrior\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mad Libs Game</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252792\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0103.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-mad-lib\" width=\"535\" height=\"198\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://repl.it/@sguthals/BuzzingCommonMenu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Number Guesser</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252805\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0116.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-guesser\" width=\"535\" height=\"193\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://repl.it/@sguthals/NecessaryEnchantingProblems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greeter</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252806\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0117.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-names\" width=\"535\" height=\"102\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://repl.it/@sguthals/NaiveOrderlyFile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Art Maker</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252807\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0118.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-print\" width=\"535\" height=\"246\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://repl.it/@sguthals/WeeklyGaseousTranslation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fibonacci Printer</a></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252808\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0119.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-fibonacci\" width=\"535\" height=\"153\" /></p>\n<h3>Java</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1UndZGQMZ4ArHZ0VqeLDgUDFrDUxySnL_?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pizza Divider</a></p>\n<p>The Pizza Divider is a BlueJ program that you can download and run inside of the BlueJ code editor.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252800\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0111.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-pizza\" width=\"535\" height=\"396\" /></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252801\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0112.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-pizza\" width=\"535\" height=\"382\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1NGwSIiZWBpl4iVC21hxAeut-AMS2wGNW?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greeter</a></p>\n<p>The Greeter is a BlueJ program that you can download and run inside of the BlueJ code editor.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252810\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0121.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-bluej\" width=\"535\" height=\"380\" /></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252811\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0122.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-naming\" width=\"535\" height=\"152\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1sdjjk0CBUU68E3aQY-gTab6a8Ip9Aq3p?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Number Sorter</a></p>\n<p>The Number Sorter is a BlueJ program that you can download and run inside of the BlueJ code editor.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252812\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0123.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-numbering\" width=\"535\" height=\"348\" /></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252813\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0124.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-numbers\" width=\"535\" height=\"97\" /></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zIWS-qtYQ9ygc23zLizYY8I7-jisIMIm?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phone Number Finder</a></p>\n<p>The Phone Number Finder is a BlueJ program that you can download and run inside of the BlueJ code editor.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252814\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0125.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-phone\" width=\"481\" height=\"400\" /></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252815\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0126.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-phoning\" width=\"463\" height=\"400\" /></p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-252816\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119380672-oa0127.jpg\" alt=\"kidscode-final\" width=\"535\" height=\"121\" /></p>\n"},{"title":"10 ways to invest in a kid's coding future","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>There are so many ways to invest in your young coders coding future. Though a computer with an internet connection and time and dedication are some of the best ways to invest, this list gives an overview of some of the ways parents we know have dedicated time or money to support their children in their coding adventures.</p>\n<p><strong>Coding workshops: </strong>Coding workshops are often one to two hours long and held at community centers or libraries. They vary in price, but provide novice coders with a sense of community and an easy-to-finish project that they can feel proud of.</p>\n<p><strong>Coding camps: </strong>Camps are typically more expensive but offer full  or half days for at least one week. These are great for school breaks and students often finish the camp, having completed a larger project and having a sense of what to do next, on their own.</p>\n<p><strong>Coding classes (in person):</strong> In person coding classes are typically once per week and can happen during the school year (after school or on weekends). Students are often learning something specific and there is a guided curriculum, but they still gain a sense of community and growth.</p>\n<p><strong>Private tutors: </strong>For your budding coder who really wants to build something specific, a private tutor can help get your young coder ready for a high school or college class, support them outside of a class they are already taking, or help them create a very specific project that they have in mind.</p>\n<p><strong>Coding classes (online):</strong> Online classes are great for asynchronously learning; with the ability to watch videos, pause them, and re-watch them, students are able to learn a variety of things without the hassle of leaving their home. Sometimes you can still get a sense of community, depending on the platform.</p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https://www.lego.com/en-us/themes/mindstorms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lego Mindstorms</a></strong>: Lego Mindstorms is an entire kit that integrates coding and robot building. A young coder can work on this on their own, or even create a team of people and recruit an adult to help lead them through the curriculum provided by Lego in its Education set.</p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https://kano.tech/us/original\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kano</a>:</strong> Kano is an all-in-one, lightweight, DIY computer. Using a micro-controller as the computer (Raspberry Pi), and simple mouse, keyboard, and speakers, young coders can quickly wire up their computer and play Minecraft, jump on the web, or start coding.</p>\n<p><strong>Codable toys: </strong>A great gift for the young coder is codable toys. With edutainment like <a href=\"http://littlebits.cc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Little Bits</a>, or the <a href=\"https://www.makewonder.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dash and Dot Robots</a>, coding can be for an immediate purpose—changing and interacting with the world around you.</p>\n<p><strong>Computers and devices</strong>: A big question is always what kind of device to get for a young coder. Often hand-me-down computers (OSX or Windows) can be useful, as long as they can run the programs your young coder is looking to run. If you’re primarily working on the web, a Chromebook can be a great option (especially for Scratch coders). And every day more apps are coming out, making mobile devices more accessible to young coders too.</p>\n<p><strong>Software: </strong>Most software that a young coder will want to use is free; however, sometimes it can make sense to invest in software to support the entire development process. Software like Photoshop or Illustrator can invite more artistic folks into the coding world, integrating their creations into software like Blender or Maya to create games in game engines like Unity.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-27T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":252828},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-07-14T20:10:56+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-26T16:17:54+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-26T18:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33618"},"slug":"software","categoryId":33618},{"name":"Microsoft Products","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33642"},"slug":"microsoft-products","categoryId":33642},{"name":"SharePoint","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33649"},"slug":"sharepoint","categoryId":33649}],"title":"SharePoint 2016 For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"sharepoint 2016 for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"sharepoint-2016-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Get up to speed quickly on SharePoint 2016, including its technology mix, templates, apps, web parts, and page types.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Microsoft SharePoint Server 2016 provides a web-based platform that your organization can leverage to be more productive and more competitive. With SharePoint 2016, you can manage content, publish information, track processes, and manage your overall business activities.\r\n\r\nIn addition, SharePoint 2016 provides social features, such as microblogging, feeds, likes, mentions, and hash tags, to get everyone in your organization on the same page and communicating effectively.","description":"Microsoft SharePoint Server 2016 provides a web-based platform that your organization can leverage to be more productive and more competitive. With SharePoint 2016, you can manage content, publish information, track processes, and manage your overall business activities.\r\n\r\nIn addition, SharePoint 2016 provides social features, such as microblogging, feeds, likes, mentions, and hash tags, to get everyone in your organization on the same page and communicating effectively.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9718,"name":"Ken Withee","slug":"ken-withee","description":"Ken Withee is a Microsoft certified technology specialist in SharePoint, SQL Server, and .NET.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9718"}},{"authorId":10888,"name":"Rosemarie Withee","slug":"rosemarie-withee","description":"Rosemarie Withee is a technology professional who has authored a number of books in the For Dummies series, including the most recent editions of Office 365 For Dummies and SharePoint For Dummies. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10888"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33649,"title":"SharePoint","slug":"sharepoint","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33649"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":227044,"title":"Understanding Workflow in SharePoint 2016","slug":"understanding-workflow-sharepoint-2016","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/227044"}},{"articleId":227040,"title":"How to Create Email Alerts for a SharePoint Group","slug":"create-email-alerts-sharepoint-group","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/227040"}},{"articleId":227036,"title":"How to Make Local Changes to Your SharePoint Team Navigation with the Quick Launch","slug":"make-local-changes-sharepoint-team-navigation-quick-launch","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/227036"}},{"articleId":227012,"title":"How to Make Global Changes to Your SharePoint Team Navigation with the Top Link Bar","slug":"make-global-changes-sharepoint-team-navigation-top-link-bar","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/227012"}},{"articleId":227031,"title":"Managing SharePoint Designer Access","slug":"managing-sharepoint-designer-access","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/227031"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":264458,"title":"How to Build a SharePoint PowerApp","slug":"how-to-build-a-sharepoint-powerapp","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/264458"}},{"articleId":264447,"title":"How to Share and Follow SharePoint Sites","slug":"how-to-share-and-follow-sharepoint-sites","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/264447"}},{"articleId":264439,"title":"How to Integrate SharePoint with Power BI","slug":"how-to-integrate-sharepoint-with-power-bi","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/264439"}},{"articleId":264425,"title":"The SharePoint Mobile App","slug":"the-sharepoint-mobile-app","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/264425"}},{"articleId":264414,"title":"How to Get Up and Running with SharePoint 2019 in 3 Minutes Flat","slug":"how-to-get-up-and-running-with-sharepoint-2019-in-3-minutes-flat","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/264414"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281862,"slug":"sharepoint-2016-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119181705","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119181704/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119181704/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119181704-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119181704/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119181704/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/sharepoint-2016-for-dummies-cover-9781119181705-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"SharePoint 2016 For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"10888\">Rosemarie Withee</b> is President of Portal Integrators LLC and Founder of Scrum Now with locations in Seattle, WA and Laguna, Philippines. She is also the lead author of <i>Office 365 For Dummies</i>. </p>\n<p><b data-author-id=\"9718\">Ken Withee</b> writes TechNet and MSDN articles for Microsoft and is the author of <i>SharePoint 2013 For Dummies</i>. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":10888,"name":"Rosemarie Withee","slug":"rosemarie-withee","description":"Rosemarie Withee is a technology professional who has authored a number of books in the For Dummies series, including the most recent editions of Office 365 For Dummies and SharePoint For Dummies. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10888"}},{"authorId":9718,"name":"Ken Withee","slug":"ken-withee","description":"Ken Withee is a Microsoft certified technology specialist in SharePoint, SQL Server, and .NET.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9718"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;microsoft-products&quot;,&quot;sharepoint&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119181705&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6268335fe8de6\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;microsoft-products&quot;,&quot;sharepoint&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119181705&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6268335fe978c\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":221369,"title":"Understanding the SharePoint 2016 Technology Mix","slug":"understanding-sharepoint-2016-technology-mix","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/221369"}},{"articleId":221372,"title":"Common Site Templates in SharePoint 2016","slug":"common-site-templates-sharepoint-2016","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/221372"}},{"articleId":221375,"title":"Common Apps in SharePoint 2016","slug":"common-apps-sharepoint-2016","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/221375"}},{"articleId":221378,"title":"Common Web Parts in SharePoint 2016","slug":"common-web-parts-sharepoint-2016","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/221378"}},{"articleId":221382,"title":"SharePoint 2016 Page Types","slug":"sharepoint-2016-page-types","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","sharepoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/221382"}}],"content":[{"title":"Understanding the SharePoint 2016 technology mix","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>SharePoint 2016 is a massive and complex product. Not only is SharePoint itself complicated but it relies on a whole series of other technologies to make the magic happen.</p>\n<p>The SharePoint 2016 technology stack consists of:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Computer servers:</strong> At the root of any software system is a physical device called a server. A server is no different than your laptop, desktop, or even phone. They all use physical computer chips to make things happen in the digital world. A server is just designed specifically for heavy duty enterprise type software.</li>\n<li><strong>Operating systems:</strong> A physical computer isn’t much more than a paper weight or door stop without software to make it function. The software designed to make computers do stuff is called an operating system. In the Microsoft world the operating system designed for servers is called, aptly enough, Windows Server.</li>\n<li><strong>Databases:</strong> A database is installed onto the operating system and is specifically designed and optimized to store and manipulate data. The Microsoft database product is called SQL Server. SharePoint leverages the advanced capabilities of SQL Server in order to provide the features explored throughout the book.</li>\n<li><strong>Web servers:</strong> SharePoint is software that you interact with using your web browser. A special software product called a web server is the engine that delivers web pages to your web browser. The Microsoft web server is called Internet Information Services (IIS).</li>\n</ul>\n<p>It takes this entire stack of technology to make SharePoint possible. You could even say it takes a software village. When this stack of software is in place, your IT team can install SharePoint.</p>\n<p>When your IT team installs SharePoint on your local premises it is called SharePoint On Premise. When you buy SharePoint as a service from Microsoft and access it over the Internet it is called SharePoint Online. With SharePoint Online the software stack is installed in Microsoft’s data centers and they take of things like installing, managing, backing up, and securing it all.</p>\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Letting Microsoft provide the SharePoint infrastructure lets your organization focus on your business. In particular, you can focus on leveraging SharePoint to increase your business value instead of worrying about the blinking lights of the servers and the intricacies of all of the software that makes up the stack.</p>\n<p>You have a few different options when choosing SharePoint 2016. These options include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SharePoint Server 2016, Standard license:</strong> Intranet, portals, extranets, search, and My Site social network.</li>\n<li><strong>SharePoint Server 2016, Enterprise license:</strong> Advanced scenarios for business intelligence, application integration, and Office 2016 services.</li>\n<li><strong>SharePoint Online:</strong> The cloud-based version of SharePoint. Offered as a standalone product or bundled with Office 365. SharePoint Online includes a number of different package options, which are a mix of the SharePoint Server features. In addition, from now on Microsoft will add the latest and greatest new features to SharePoint Online. At some point in the future (maybe SharePoint 2019?), they will take all of that work with SharePoint Online and create another On-Premises version of SharePoint. If you want to stay with the latest and greatest, then SharePoint Online is your best option.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Common site templates","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>A site template is what you use when you create a new SharePoint site. A site template just provides you with a starting setup for SharePoint. For example, if you choose a Team Site template then the site you create will include SharePoint components designed for a team. Things like a Documents App, Calendar App, Tasks App, and timeline visualization.</p>\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">There are a number of site templates available in SharePoint 2016. Site templates are grouped into categories such as Collaboration, Enterprise, and Publishing.</p>\n<p>The site templates that you have available depend on the SharePoint edition you are using as well as the features you have activated. For example, the Business Intelligence Center template is only available with the Enterprise license. And the Publishing sites are only available when you have the SharePoint Server Publishing Infrastructure activated.</p>\n<p>The site templates you should be familiar with include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Team Site:</strong> A template designed for teams to collaborate, share documents, and stay in sync.</li>\n<li><strong>Blog:</strong> A template that produces a blog site.</li>\n<li><strong>Project Site:</strong> A template that creates a site for managing and collaborating on a specific project.</li>\n<li><strong>Community Site:</strong> A template designed to create a site that allows community members to congregate and discuss common interests.</li>\n<li><strong>Document Center:</strong> A template designed for managing common documents in a central location</li>\n<li><strong>Records Center:</strong> A template that creates a site to manage company records.</li>\n<li><strong>Business Intelligence Center:</strong> A template with all of the functionality required for Business Intelligence in SharePoint.</li>\n<li><strong>Enterprise Search Center:</strong> A template used to create a site for search. Includes a number of search results pages for specialized queries like searching people, conversations, videos, and general.</li>\n<li><strong>Basic Search Center:</strong> A template used to create a general search center site. The basic lacks the multiple results pages of the enterprise class search center.</li>\n<li><strong>Visio Process Repository:</strong> A template that you can choose when creating a site for storing business processes in Microsoft Office Visio format.</li>\n<li><strong>Publishing Site:</strong> A template that creates a blank publishing site. A publishing site is used to publish web pages for mass consumption.</li>\n<li><strong>Publishing Site with Workflow:</strong> A template that provides the capabilities of the Publishing Site template and also includes approval workflows.</li>\n<li><strong>Enterprise Wiki:</strong> A template for creating a site to capture and store information from a group collective.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Common apps in SharePoint 2016","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>An app is a component in SharePoint that performs some duty. An app might be created to store accounting documents or track customer contacts. If you are familiar with the idea of lists and libraries, then you are familiar with apps.</p>\n<p>When you create an app you choose the type of template it should use. There are templates for things like libraries, lists, calendars, tasks, and discussion boards. When you add an app to your site you give it a name. For example, you might add a Calendar app and call it Company Holidays.</p>\n<p class=\"article-tips remember\">What can be confusing is that apps are often named the same thing as their templates. For example, if you are using a site with an app called Document Library based on the Document Library app template, then understanding apps would be very confusing.</p>\n<p class=\"article-tips remember\">If you create your own app called My Documents App and then choose the Document Library template then the differences are easy to notice. You can see that you could create a My Documents App 1, My Documents App 2, and My Documents App 3, which could all use the same template: Document Library.</p>\n<p>The apps that you have available depend on the SharePoint 2016 edition you are using as well as the features you have activated. For example, the Report Library app is only available with the Enterprise license.</p>\n<p>The following are common apps that you should be aware of.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Document Library:</strong> Used to create apps that hold documents.</li>\n<li><strong>Form Library:</strong> Creates an app that holds business forms. This library requires a compatible editor such as InfoPath.</li>\n<li><strong>Wiki Page Library:</strong> Used to create apps that store wiki pages.</li>\n<li><strong>Picture Library:</strong> Using this template you create apps to store pictures.</li>\n<li><strong>Links:</strong> Creates an app that contains HTML links.</li>\n<li><strong>Announcements:</strong> Results in an app that can be used for announcements.</li>\n<li><strong>Contacts:</strong> Creates an app to store contacts.</li>\n<li><strong>Calendar:</strong> A template used to create calendar apps.</li>\n<li><strong>Discussion Board:</strong> Creates an app where users can discuss topics in a threaded forum.</li>\n<li><strong>Promoted Links:</strong> An app template that creates a place to store links to specific actions using a visual tile based layout. When you create a new Team Site it includes an app based on the Promoted Links template. When you move the mouse over a tile, information pops up to describe what will happen when the link is clicked.</li>\n<li><strong>Tasks:</strong> A template used to create apps to store tasks.</li>\n<li><strong>Issue Tracking:</strong> Used to create an app to track issues.</li>\n<li><strong>Custom List:</strong> A template that creates a blank app based on a list.</li>\n<li><strong>Custom List in Datasheet View:</strong> This template is similar to the Custom List template but provides a datasheet view by default.</li>\n<li><strong>External List:</strong> Used to create an app that connects to external data.</li>\n<li><strong>Survey:</strong> Creates an app that is used to conduct surveys.</li>\n<li><strong>Asset Library:</strong> A template used to create an app that stores site assets such as images, audio, and video files.</li>\n<li><strong>Data Connection Library:</strong> Creates an app that stores data connections.</li>\n<li><strong>Report Library:</strong> Used to create an app to store reports.</li>\n<li><strong>Access App:</strong> A template used to create an app that is the Office Access web based app.</li>\n<li><strong>Import Spreadsheet:</strong> A template used to import a spreadsheet. The result is an app that contains the data in the spreadsheet. The equivalent could be done manually by creating the app using the Custom List template, adding all of the columns in the spreadsheet, and then keying in all of the data.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Common web parts","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p><em>Web parts</em> are reusable components that display content on web pages in SharePoint 2016. Web parts are a fundamental component in building SharePoint pages. There are a number of web parts that ship right out of the box with the different editions of SharePoint and you can also purchase third-party web parts that plug right into your SharePoint environment.</p>\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">The web parts that you have available depend on the SharePoint 2016 edition you are using as well as on the features you have activated. For example, the PerformancePoint web parts are only available with the Enterprise license and when the PerformancePoint Services feature is activated. And the Project Web app web parts are only available when you have installed Project Server.</p>\n<p>The following is a list of the common web part categories that you should be familiar with:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Apps:</strong> Each app instance you have added to your site has an associated web part. The app web parts allow you to add a view into the data in your app to your web pages.</li>\n<li><strong>Blog:</strong> Provides web parts for a blog site.</li>\n<li><strong>Business Data:</strong> A grouping of web parts designed to display business information such as status, indicators, and other business data. This grouping also includes web parts for embedding Excel and Visio documents and for displaying data from Business Connectivity Services (BCS). BCS is a component of SharePoint that allows you to connect to data that is stored outside of SharePoint.</li>\n<li><strong>Community:</strong> The Community grouping contains web parts for the community features of SharePoint. This includes things like membership, joining a community, and information about the community. In addition, there are tools for community administrators.</li>\n<li><strong>Content Rollup:</strong> Contains web parts that are used to rollup (aggregate) content. There are web parts for rolling up search results, providing project summaries, displaying timelines, and showing relevant documents from throughout the site.</li>\n<li><strong>Document Sets:</strong> Web parts specifically designed for working with sets of documents.</li>\n<li><strong>Filters:</strong> Web parts that can be used to filter information. These web parts are designed to be connected with other web parts in order to provide a useful filtering mechanism. For example, you might have a list of content and want users to be able to filter based on certain criteria. You could use these web parts to provide the filter mechanism.</li>\n<li><strong>Forms:</strong> Web parts that allow you to embed HTML or InfoPath forms in a page.</li>\n<li><strong>Media and Content:</strong> This category provides web parts that display media such as images, videos, and pages. In addition, there is also a web part for displaying Silverlight applications.</li>\n<li><strong>PerformancePoint:</strong> Web parts specifically designed for PerformancePoint services.</li>\n<li><strong>Project Web App:</strong> Web parts specifically designed for Project Server. These web parts include functionality for displaying information about a project such as issues, tasks, timesheets, and status.</li>\n<li><strong>Search:</strong> Provides web parts for search functionality such as the search box for entering a query, search results, and refinement of results.</li>\n<li><strong>Search-Driven Content:</strong> Provides web parts that display content based on search. For example, there are web parts to show items matching a certain tag, pages based on a search query, and recently changed items.</li>\n<li><strong>Social Collaboration:</strong> This category contains web parts designed for the social components of SharePoint such as user contact details, shared note board, tag clouds, and user tasks.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"SharePoint 2016 page types","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>There are a few things you should know about SharePoint 2016 page types. A web page is a document that is displayed in your web browser. The only difference between a web page and a regular text document is that a web page has special markup that tells the web browser how to display it.</p>\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">SharePoint takes the details of the special markup and throws it behind the scenes. What you are left with is a few different types of pages you can add to your SharePoint sites.</p>\n<p>These include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Wiki page:</strong> A wiki page is also known as a content page. You can add content to them by typing and formatting text. In addition, you can insert images and web parts. Adding content to a wiki page is much like working with Office Word in that all of the capabilities for formatting content are contained at the top of the page in the Ribbon. And as the name implies, a wiki page handles all of the wiki commands such as the [ and ] characters.</li>\n<li><strong>Web Part page:</strong> A web part page is specifically designed for Web Parts. A Web Part page includes web part zones where you can add Web Parts. Using a web part page you can drag web parts between zones and connect them to each other. There are multiple web part zone layouts you can choose from when creating a web part page.</li>\n<li><strong>Publishing page:</strong> The publishing page is used when you need to create a separation between the publishing of content and the layout of the content on the page. A publishing page allows you to create a standard page layout and then let multiple users enter content using the page layout. This allows you to have users familiar with their content, but not SharePoint layouts, publish to the site while still maintaining the look and feel.</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-26T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":221385},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:47:50+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-26T15:00:23+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-26T18:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Programming & Web Design","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33592"},"slug":"programming-web-design","categoryId":33592},{"name":"Python","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33606"},"slug":"python","categoryId":33606}],"title":"Beginning Programming with Python For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"beginning programming with python for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"beginning-programming-python-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Ensure your Python applications have the best chance possible of working exactly as planned, wherever you run them.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Python is an incredibly flexible language that has significant third-party support and is used in a broad range of applications. The applications you build will run on any platform that Python supports without any modification as long as you create a pure Python solution. Of course, you want to ensure that your applications have the best chance possible of working exactly as you anticipated everywhere they're run, which is why you need the information in this cheat sheet.","description":"Python is an incredibly flexible language that has significant third-party support and is used in a broad range of applications. The applications you build will run on any platform that Python supports without any modification as long as you create a pure Python solution. Of course, you want to ensure that your applications have the best chance possible of working exactly as you anticipated everywhere they're run, which is why you need the information in this cheat sheet.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9109,"name":"John Paul Mueller","slug":"john-paul-mueller","description":"John Paul Mueller has written more than 100 books and more than 600 articles on topics ranging from functional programming techniques to application development using C++. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9109"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33606,"title":"Python","slug":"python","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33606"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":250588,"title":"How to Get Additional Python Libraries","slug":"get-additional-python-libraries","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/250588"}},{"articleId":250582,"title":"Printing Lists Using Python","slug":"printing-lists-using-python","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/250582"}},{"articleId":250578,"title":"Understanding How Permanent Storage Works for Python Programming","slug":"understanding-permanent-storage-works-python-programming","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/250578"}},{"articleId":250575,"title":"Extending Python Classes to Make New Classes","slug":"extending-python-classes-make-new-classes","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/250575"}},{"articleId":250571,"title":"Understanding the Python Class as a Packaging Method","slug":"understanding-python-class-packaging-method","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/250571"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":264919,"title":"How to Define and Use Python Lists","slug":"how-to-define-and-use-python-lists","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/264919"}},{"articleId":264911,"title":"How to Use Lambda Functions in Python","slug":"how-to-use-lambda-functions-in-python","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/264911"}},{"articleId":264906,"title":"Your Guide to the Python Standard Library","slug":"your-guide-to-the-python-standard-library","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/264906"}},{"articleId":264894,"title":"A Beginner’s Guide to Python Versions","slug":"a-beginners-guide-to-python-versions","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/264894"}},{"articleId":264888,"title":"How to Build a Simple Neural Network in Python","slug":"how-to-build-a-simple-neural-network-in-python","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/264888"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281830,"slug":"beginning-programming-with-python-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9781119457893","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119457890/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119457890/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119457890-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119457890/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119457890/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/beginning-programming-with-python-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9781119457893-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Beginning Programming with Python For Dummies, 2nd Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"9109\">John Paul Mueller</b> is a freelance author and technical editor with more than 107 books and 600 articles to his credit. His subjects range from networking and artificial intelligence to database management and heads-down programming. He also consults and writes certification exams. Visit his website at http://www.johnmuellerbooks.com/. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9109,"name":"John Paul Mueller","slug":"john-paul-mueller","description":"John Paul Mueller has written more than 100 books and more than 600 articles on topics ranging from functional programming techniques to application development using C++. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9109"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;programming-web-design&quot;,&quot;python&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119457893&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6268335f618b7\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;programming-web-design&quot;,&quot;python&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119457893&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6268335f62247\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":248967,"title":"The 4 Common Python Programming Styles","slug":"4-common-python-programming-styles","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/248967"}},{"articleId":248973,"title":"Common Python Operators","slug":"common-python-operators","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/248973"}},{"articleId":248976,"title":"Python Operator Precedence","slug":"python-operator-precedence-2","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/248976"}},{"articleId":248970,"title":"Common Jupyter Notebook Magic Functions","slug":"common-jupyter-notebook-magic-functions","categoryList":["technology","programming-web-design","python"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/248970"}}],"content":[{"title":"The 4 common Python programming styles","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>You might be a nonprogrammer or a developer who isn&#8217;t interested in learning some new arcane method of writing code. If so, Python is the a great language for you. Most programming languages use just one coding style, which reduces flexibility for the programmer. Python is different, though. You can use a number of coding styles with it to achieve differing effects. Among the various Python coding styles, here are the four commonly used:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Functional:</strong> Every statement is a kind of math equation. This style lends itself well to use in parallel processing activities. Academics and data scientists tend to use this coding style regularly. However, nothing stops you from using it even if you don&#8217;t fall into one of these groups.</li>\n<li><strong>Imperative:</strong> Computations occur as changes to program state. This style is most used for manipulating data structures. Scientists of all sorts rely on this programming style because it demonstrates processes so clearly.</li>\n<li><strong>Object-oriented:</strong> This is the style commonly used with other languages to simplify the coding environment by using objects to model the real world. Python doesn&#8217;t fully implement this coding style because it doesn&#8217;t support features like data hiding, but you can still use this approach to a significant degree. This is the style that most developers use, but other groups can use it when creating more complicated applications.</li>\n<li><strong>Procedural:</strong> Most people begin learning a language by using procedural code, where tasks proceed a step at a time. This style is most used for iteration, sequencing, selection, and modularization. It&#8217;s the simplest form of coding you can use. Nonprogrammers love this style because it&#8217;s the least complicated way to achieve smaller, experimental tasks.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Common Python operators","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p><em>Operators</em> help determine the interactions between elements in a Python statement. For example, when you write <code>2 + 3</code>, it means to add (using the <code>+</code> operator) the value <code>2</code> to the value <code>3</code> for a sum of <code>5</code>. It&#8217;s important to know which operators Python supports, and remembering them all is not always easy. The following table provides a quick summary.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\"><strong>Operator</strong></td>\n<td width=\"120\"><strong>Type</strong></td>\n<td width=\"255\"><strong>Description</strong></td>\n<td width=\"168\"><strong>Example</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">−</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Arithmetic</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Subtracts the right operand from left hand operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">5 − 2 = 3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">−</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Unary</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Negates the original value so that positive becomes negative and vice versa.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">−(−4) results in 4 while −4 results in −4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">−=</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Assignment</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Subtracts the value found in the right operand from the value found in the left operand and places the result in the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">MyVar -= 2 results in MyVar containing 3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">!=</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Relational</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Determines whether two values are not equal. Some older versions of Python would allow you to use the &lt;&gt; operator in place of the != operator. Using the &lt;&gt; operator results in an error in current versions of Python.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">1 != 2 is True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Arithmetic</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Divides the left operand by the right operand and returns the remainder.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">5 % 2 = 1</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%=</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Assignment</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Divides the value found in the left operand by the value found in the right operand and places the remainder in the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">MyVar %= 2 results in MyVar containing 1</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">&amp; (And)</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Bitwise</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Determines whether both individual bits within two operators are true and sets the resulting bit to true when they are.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">0b1100 &amp; 0b0110 = 0b0100</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">*</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Arithmetic</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Multiplies the right operand by the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">5 * 2 = 10</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">**</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Arithmetic</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Calculates the exponential value of the right operand by the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">5 ** 2 = 25</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">**=</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Assignment</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Determines the exponential value found in the left operand when raised to the power of the value found in the right operand and places the result in the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">MyVar ** 2 results in MyVar containing 25</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">*=</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Assignment</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Multiplies the value found in the right operand by the value found in the left operand and places the result in the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">MyVar *= 2 results in MyVar containing 10</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">/</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Arithmetic</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Divides the left operand by the right operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">5 / 2 = 2.5</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">//</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Arithmetic</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Performs integer division, where the left operand is divided by the right operand and only the whole number is returned (also called floor division).</td>\n<td width=\"168\">5 // 2 = 2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">//=</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Assignment</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Divides the value found in the left operand by the value found in the right operand and places the integer (whole number) result in the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">MyVar //= 2 results in MyVar containing 2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">/=</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Assignment</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Divides the value found in the left operand by the value found in the right operand and places the result in the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">MyVar /= 2 results in MyVar containing 2.5</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">^ (Exclusive or)</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Bitwise</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Determines whether just one of the individual bits within two operators are true and sets the resulting bit to true when they are. When both bits are true or both bits are false, the result is false.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">0b1100 ^ 0b0110 = 0b1010</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">| (Or)</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Bitwise</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Determines whether either of the individual bits within two operators are true and sets the resulting bit to true when they are.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">0b1100 | 0b0110 = 0b1110</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">~</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Unary</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Inverts the bits in a number so that all the 0 bits become 1 bits and vice versa.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">~4 results in a value of −5</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">~ (One&#8217;s complement)</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Bitwise</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Calculates the one&#8217;s complement value a number.</p>\n<p><strong><em> </em></strong></td>\n<td width=\"168\">~0b1100 = −0b1101</p>\n<p>~0b0110 = −0b0111</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">+</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Arithmetic</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Adds two values together.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">5 + 2 = 7</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">+</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Unary</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Provided purely for the sake of completeness. This operator returns the same value that you provide as input.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">+4 results in a value of 4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">+=</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Assignment</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Adds the value found in the right operand to the value found in the left operand and places the result in the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">MyVar += 2 results in MyVar containing 7</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">&lt;</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Relational</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Verifies that the left operand value is less than the right operand value.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">1 &lt; 2 is True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">&lt;&lt; (Left shift)</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Bitwise</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Shifts the bits in the left operand left by the value of the right operand. All new bits are set to 0 and all bits that flow off the end are lost.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">0b00110011 &lt;&lt; 2 = 0b11001100</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">&lt;=</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Relational</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Verifies that the left operand value is less than or equal to the right operand value.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">1 &lt;= 2 is True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">=</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Assignment</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Assigns the value found in the right operand to the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">MyVar = 2 results in MyVar containing 2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">==</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Relational</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Determines whether two values are equal. Notice that the relational operator uses two equals signs. A mistake many developers make is using just one equals sign, which results in one value being assigned to another.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">1 == 2 is False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">&gt;</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Relational</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Verifies that the left operand value is greater than the right operand value.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">1 &gt; 2 is False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">&gt;=</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Relational</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Verifies that the left operand value is greater than or equal to the right operand value.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">1 &gt;= 2 is False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">&gt;&gt; (Right shift)</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Bitwise</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Shifts the bits in the left operand right by the value of the right operand. All new bits are set to 0 and all bits that flow off the end are lost.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">0b00110011 &gt;&gt; 2 = 0b00001100</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">and</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Logical</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Determines whether both operands are true.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">True and True is True</p>\n<p>True and False is False</p>\n<p>False and True is False</p>\n<p>False and False is False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">in</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Membership</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Determines whether the value in the left operand appears in the sequence found in the right operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">&#8220;Hello&#8221; in &#8220;Hello Goodbye&#8221; is True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">is</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Identity</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Evaluates to true when the type of the value or expression in the right operand points to the same type in the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">type(2) is int is True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">is not</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Identity</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Evaluates to true when the type of the value or expression in the right operand points to a different type than the value or expression in the left operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">type(2) is not int is False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">not</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Logical</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Negates the truth value of a single operand. A true value becomes false and a false value becomes true.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">not True is False</p>\n<p>not False is True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">not in</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Membership</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Determines whether the value in the left operand is missing from the sequence found in the right operand.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">&#8220;Hello&#8221; not in &#8220;Hello Goodbye&#8221; is False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">or</td>\n<td width=\"120\">Logical</td>\n<td width=\"255\">Determines when one of two operands are true.</td>\n<td width=\"168\">True or True is True</p>\n<p>True or False is True</p>\n<p>False or True is True</p>\n<p>False or False is False</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Python operator precedence","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\"><strong>Operator</strong></td>\n<td width=\"573\"><strong>Description</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">()</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Parentheses are used to group expressions and to override the default precedence so that you can force an operation of lower precedence (such as addition) to take precedence over an operation of higher precedence (such as multiplication).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">**</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Exponentiation raises the value of the left operand to the power of the right operand.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">~ + &#8211;</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Unary operators interact with a single variable or expression.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">* / % //</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Multiply, divide, modulo and floor division.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">+ &#8211;</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Addition and subtraction.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">&gt;&gt; &lt;&lt;</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Right and left bitwise shift.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">&amp;</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Bitwise AND.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">^ |</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Bitwise exclusive OR and standard OR.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">&lt;= &lt; &gt; &gt;=</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Comparison operators.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">== !=</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Equality operators.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">= %= /= //= -= += *= **=</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Assignment operators.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">is is not</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Identity operators.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">in not in</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Membership operators.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">not or and</td>\n<td width=\"573\">Logical operators.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Common Jupyter Notebook magic functions","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Jupyter Notebook relies on the literate programming approach originally advanced by Donald Knuth. This means that the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) produces output that looks more like a report than the complex coding environments that most people rely on. The magic functions add to this capability by creating an environment in which you can choose something other than the expected result. The following table highlights the most important magic functions that Jupyter Notebook provides.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\"><strong>Magic Function</strong></td>\n<td width=\"105\"><strong>Type Alone Provides Status?</strong></td>\n<td width=\"438\"><strong>Description</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%alias</td>\n<td width=\"105\">Yes</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Assigns or displays an alias for a system command.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%autocall</td>\n<td width=\"105\">Yes</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Enables you to call functions without including the parentheses. The settings are Off, Smart (default), and Full. The Smart setting applies the parentheses only if you include an argument with the call.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%automagic</td>\n<td width=\"105\">Yes</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Enables you to call the line magic functions without including the % sign. The settings are False (default) and True.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%autosave</td>\n<td width=\"105\">Yes</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Displays or modifies the intervals between automatic Notebook saves. The default setting is every 120 seconds.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%cd</td>\n<td width=\"105\">Yes</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Changes directory to a new storage location. You can also use this command to move through the directory history or to change directories to a bookmark.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%cls</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Clears the screen.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%colors</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Specifies the colors used to display text associated with prompts, information system, and exception handlers. You can choose between NoColor (black and white), Linux (default), and LightBG.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%config</td>\n<td width=\"105\">Yes</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Enables you to configure IPython.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%dhist</td>\n<td width=\"105\">Yes</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Displays a list of directories visited during the current session.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%file</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Outputs the name of the file that contains the source code for the object.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%hist</td>\n<td width=\"105\">Yes</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Displays a list of magic function commands issued during the current session.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%install_ext</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Installs the specified extension.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%load</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Loads application code from another source, such as an online example.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%load_ext</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Loads a Python extension using its module name.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%lsmagic</td>\n<td width=\"105\">Yes</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Displays a list of the currently available magic functions.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%magic</td>\n<td width=\"105\">Yes</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Displays a help screen showing information about the magic functions.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%matplotlib</td>\n<td width=\"105\">Yes</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Sets the backend processor used for plots. Using the inline value displays the plot within the cell for an IPython Notebook file. The possible values are gtk&#8217;; &#8216;gtk3&#8217;; &#8216;inline&#8217;; &#8216;nbagg&#8217;; &#8216;osx&#8217;; &#8216;qt&#8217;; &#8216;qt4&#8217;; &#8216;qt5&#8217;; &#8216;tk&#8217;; and &#8216;wx&#8217;.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%paste</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Pastes the content of the Clipboard into the IPython environment.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%pdef</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Shows how to call the object (assuming that the object is callable).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%pdoc</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Displays the docstring for an object.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%pinfo</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Displays detailed information about the object (often more than is provided by help alone).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%pinfo2</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Displays extra detailed information about the object (when available).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%reload_ext</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Reloads a previously installed extension.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%source</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Displays the source code for the object (assuming that the source is available).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%timeit</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Calculates the best performance time for an instruction.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%%timeit</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Calculates the best time performance for all the instructions in a cell, apart from the one placed on the same cell line as the cell magic (which could therefore be an initialization instruction).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%unalias</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Removes a previously created alias from the list.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%unload_ext</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Unloads the specified extension.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">%%writefile</td>\n<td width=\"105\">No</td>\n<td width=\"438\">Writes the contents of a cell to the specified file.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-02-25T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207635},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:58:07+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-25T21:10:07+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-26T00:01:11+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513},{"name":"Operating Systems","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33524"},"slug":"operating-systems","categoryId":33524},{"name":"Linux","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33526"},"slug":"linux","categoryId":33526}],"title":"Ubuntu Linux For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"ubuntu linux for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"ubuntu-linux-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"To get Ubuntu Linux running, get help in the Boot Prompt Function Keys section and take advantage of the straightforward, helpful commands.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"To get Ubuntu Linux up and running, get help provided in the Boot Prompt Function Keys section and take advantage of the straightforward, helpful commands.","description":"To get Ubuntu Linux up and running, get help provided in the Boot Prompt Function Keys section and take advantage of the straightforward, helpful commands.","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33526,"title":"Linux","slug":"linux","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33526"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":274329,"title":"The Linux GNOME Desktop","slug":"the-linux-gnome-desktop","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274329"}},{"articleId":274317,"title":"How to Install Linux from Ubuntu Live","slug":"how-to-install-linux-from-ubuntu-live","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274317"}},{"articleId":274308,"title":"How to Partition a Drive for Linux and Microsoft Windows","slug":"how-to-partition-a-drive-for-linux-and-microsoft-windows","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274308"}},{"articleId":274301,"title":"10 Linux Troubleshooting Tips","slug":"10-linux-troubleshooting-tips","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274301"}},{"articleId":274296,"title":"What Is Linux?","slug":"what-is-linux","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274296"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;linux&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-62673647cbeef\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;linux&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-62673647cc877\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":195056,"title":"The Boot Prompt Function Keys in Ubuntu Linux","slug":"the-boot-prompt-function-keys-in-ubuntu-linux","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195056"}},{"articleId":195041,"title":"Useful Commands in Ubuntu Linux","slug":"useful-commands-in-ubuntu-linux","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195041"}}],"content":[{"title":"The boot prompt function keys in Ubuntu Linux","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>You can choose from several options to control the startup process when booting from the Ubuntu CD-ROM. When you see the Ubuntu startup menu (the first menu option is Start or install Ubuntu) you have the option to select an alternative.</p>\n<p>The following lists provide a summary of those codes.</p>\n<h2>    Using the F1 Help Menu</h2>\n<p>Press the F1 function key and the Welcome to Ubuntu help menu opens. You can then press the following function keys to get specific information.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F1</b> The main F1 menu</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F2</b>: Minimum hardware requirements</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F3:</b> Several methods you can use to start Ubuntu.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">For instance, you can turn off power-saving mode if you&#8217;re having problems getting Ubuntu to boot and suspect that option is causing the problem.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F4: </b>Additional boot methods.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F5: </b>Special boot parameters overview (why you might use boot parameters and where to find them)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F6</b>: Hardware specific special boot parameters (examples of boot parameters for specific devices)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F7:</b> More hardware specific special boot parameters (more examples of boot parameters you might use for specific devices)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F8:</b> Debugging oriented special boot parameters.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F9</b>: Describes how you can get help from Ubuntu.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Esc</b>: Exits the Help menu</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>    F2 Language Menu</h2>\n<p>Pressing the F2 function key opens an extensive language support menu. Use the Up and Down cursor keys to navigate the menu and select a language.</p>\n<h2>    F3 Key Map Menu</h2>\n<p>Pressing the F3 function key opens an extensive keyboard support menu. Use the Up and Down cursor keys to navigate the menu and select the mapping that matches you keyboard.</p>\n<h2>    F4 VGA Menu</h2>\n<p>If you&#8217;re not satisfied with your computer screen&#8217;s resolution, press the F4 function key. A menu displays a selection of screen resolutions. Use the Up and Down cursor keys to select a resolution from the menu.</p>\n<h2>    F5 Accessibility Menu</h2>\n<p>This menu provides options to help access your computer for those who need extra help. Use the Up and Down cursor keys to select a assistant option. For instance, select the High Contrast option if you need a brighter screen.</p>\n<h2>    F6 Others Menu</h2>\n<p>This menu opens a one-line text editor showing the Ubuntu kernel boot options. You can modify any options that are</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Fed to the Linux kernel</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Used by the kernel to start your Ubuntu computer</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>    Getting a Virtual Terminal</h2>\n<p>Linux provides six virtual consoles (text-based command-line interfaces). Simultaneously, pressing the Control (Ctrl) and Alternate (Alt) keys with any of the functions keys from F1 through F6. For example, press Ctrl-Alt-F1.</p>\n<p>Return to the graphics screen by pressing Ctrl-Alt-F7.</p>\n"},{"title":"Useful commands in Ubuntu Linux","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>This list provides some simple command line examples. To open a terminal emulator window, click the Gnome Applications menu and select Accessories → Terminal, then, use these commands:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>clear </b>Clears the current screen of all text.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>ls </b>Lists the current directory.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">It&#8217;s like the MS-DOS <span class=\"code\">dir</span> command.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>ls <i>dir</i></b><i> </i>Lists the specified directory.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>cat <i>file</i><i> </i></b>Concatenates (adds) the contents of the file to your screen.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">It&#8217;s like the MS-DOS <span class=\"code\">type</span> command.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>more <i>file</i><i> </i></b>Displays the file one page at a time.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>tail <i>file</i><i> </i></b>Displays the file one page at a time from the end of the file.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>pwd </b>Shows name of the current directory.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>cd <i>dir</i><i> </i></b>Changes to the specified directory.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">It&#8217;s like the MS-DOS <span class=\"code\">chdir</span> command.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-25T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":209386},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:49:06+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-25T21:06:00+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-26T00:01:11+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Digital Audio & Radio","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33538"},"slug":"digital-audio-radio","categoryId":33538},{"name":"Ham Radio","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33539"},"slug":"ham-radio","categoryId":33539}],"title":"Ham Radio For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"ham radio for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"ham-radio-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"New ham radio operators should keep the information in this cheat sheet handy while gathering experience. Bookmark the websites, too.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"If you’re new to ham radio, these articles contain information that new ham radio operators should keep handy while gathering experience. You’ll find these references to be just what you need while learning to navigate the radio bands and make contacts. Bookmarking the websites in your web browser will help while you’re online, too.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_283247\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"556\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-283247\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/ham-radio-hobbyist.jpg\" alt=\"ham radio hobbyist\" width=\"556\" height=\"371\" /> © Aubord Dulac / Shutterstock.com[/caption]","description":"If you’re new to ham radio, these articles contain information that new ham radio operators should keep handy while gathering experience. You’ll find these references to be just what you need while learning to navigate the radio bands and make contacts. Bookmarking the websites in your web browser will help while you’re online, too.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_283247\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"556\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-283247\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/ham-radio-hobbyist.jpg\" alt=\"ham radio hobbyist\" width=\"556\" height=\"371\" /> © Aubord Dulac / Shutterstock.com[/caption]","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9557,"name":"H. Ward Silver","slug":"h-ward-silver","description":"H. Ward Silver earned his Novice radio license in 1972, and his ham radio experiences led to a 20-year engineering career designing microprocessor-based products and medical devices. He is the lead editor of two amateur radio technical guides from the American Radio Relay League and author of Two-Way Radios and Scanners For Dummies.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9557"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33539,"title":"Ham Radio","slug":"ham-radio","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33539"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":251980,"title":"10 Tips for Ham Radio Masters","slug":"10-tips-ham-radio-masters","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251980"}},{"articleId":251977,"title":"10 Ham Radio Station Equipment Tips","slug":"10-ham-radio-station-equipment-tips","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251977"}},{"articleId":251974,"title":"Building Ham Radio Equipment from a Kit","slug":"building-ham-radio-equipment-kit","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251974"}},{"articleId":251971,"title":"Building Ham Radio Equipment from Scratch","slug":"building-ham-radio-equipment-scratch","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251971"}},{"articleId":251968,"title":"Maintenance Tools for Ham Radios","slug":"maintenance-tools-ham-radios","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251968"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":251980,"title":"10 Tips for Ham Radio Masters","slug":"10-tips-ham-radio-masters","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251980"}},{"articleId":251977,"title":"10 Ham Radio Station Equipment Tips","slug":"10-ham-radio-station-equipment-tips","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251977"}},{"articleId":251974,"title":"Building Ham Radio Equipment from a Kit","slug":"building-ham-radio-equipment-kit","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251974"}},{"articleId":251971,"title":"Building Ham Radio Equipment from Scratch","slug":"building-ham-radio-equipment-scratch","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251971"}},{"articleId":251968,"title":"Maintenance Tools for Ham Radios","slug":"maintenance-tools-ham-radios","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/251968"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281733,"slug":"ham-radio-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119695608","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119695600/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119695600/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119695600-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119695600/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119695600/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/ham-radio-for-dummies-4e-cover-9781119695608-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Ham Radio For Dummies, 4th Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"9557\">H. Ward Silver</b> earned his Novice radio license in 1972, and his ham radio experiences led to a 20-year engineering career designing microprocessor-based products and medical devices. He is the lead editor of two amateur radio technical guides from the American Radio Relay League and author of Two-Way Radios and Scanners For Dummies.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9557,"name":"H. Ward Silver","slug":"h-ward-silver","description":"H. Ward Silver earned his Novice radio license in 1972, and his ham radio experiences led to a 20-year engineering career designing microprocessor-based products and medical devices. He is the lead editor of two amateur radio technical guides from the American Radio Relay League and author of Two-Way Radios and Scanners For Dummies.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9557"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;digital-audio-radio&quot;,&quot;ham-radio&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119695608&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-62673647af56f\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;digital-audio-radio&quot;,&quot;ham-radio&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119695608&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-62673647afefd\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":164186,"title":"Technician Class Frequency Privileges in Ham Radio","slug":"technician-class-frequency-privileges-in-ham-radio","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/164186"}},{"articleId":164187,"title":"General Class Frequency Privileges in Ham Radio","slug":"general-class-frequency-privileges-in-ham-radio","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/164187"}},{"articleId":164190,"title":"Common Ham Radio Q Signals","slug":"common-ham-radio-q-signals","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/164190"}},{"articleId":164188,"title":"Common Ham Radio Repeater Channel Spacings and Offsets","slug":"common-ham-radio-repeater-channel-spacings-and-offsets","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/164188"}},{"articleId":164185,"title":"Your Ham Radio Go Kit","slug":"your-ham-radio-go-kit","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/164185"}},{"articleId":164189,"title":"10 Handy Ham Radio Websites","slug":"10-handy-ham-radio-websites","categoryList":["technology","digital-audio-radio","ham-radio"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/164189"}}],"content":[{"title":"Technician class frequency privileges in ham radio","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When you’re getting started, remembering where you’re allowed to operate is important. As a Technician licensee, you have full access to all amateur frequencies above 50 MHz, but what about on the shortwave high-frequency (HF) bands? This chart helps you follow the rules.  You can transmit with up to 200 watts PEP A band-by-band plan showing where to find different types of activity is available from the <a href=\"http://www.arrl.org/band-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Radio Relay League (ARRL)</a>.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"98\"><strong>Band</strong></td>\n<td width=\"157\"><strong>Frequencies (In MHz)</strong></td>\n<td width=\"277\"><strong>Modes You Can Use (200 watts PEP maximum power)</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"98\">80 meters</td>\n<td width=\"157\">3.525 – 3.600</td>\n<td width=\"277\">CW</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"98\">40 meters</td>\n<td width=\"157\">7.025 – 7.125</td>\n<td width=\"277\">CW</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"98\">15 meters</td>\n<td width=\"157\">21.025 – 21.200</td>\n<td width=\"277\">CW</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"98\">10 meters</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</td>\n<td width=\"157\">28.000 – 28.300</td>\n<td width=\"277\">CW and RTTY/data</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"157\">28.300 – 28.500</td>\n<td width=\"277\">CW and phone</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"98\">Above 50 MHz</td>\n<td width=\"157\"></td>\n<td width=\"277\">All amateur privileges</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>CW = <a href=\"https://dummies-wp-content.dummies.com/programming/ham-radio/10-ham-radio-station-equipment-tips/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Morse code</a>; PEP = peak envelope power; RTTY = radioteletype.</p>\n"},{"title":"General class frequency privileges in ham radio","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Soon, if you haven’t done so already, you’ll be thinking about upgrading. You have <em>many</em> more frequencies to use on the high-frequency (HF) bands, as shown in the following table. A complete chart of the U.S. frequency and mode privileges for all license classes is available from the <a href=\"http://www.arrl.org/graphical-frequency-allocations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Radio Relay League (ARRL)</a>.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">B<strong>and</strong></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><strong>Frequencies (in MHz)</strong></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><strong>Mode</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">160, 60, 30 meters</td>\n<td width=\"177\"></td>\n<td width=\"177\">All amateur privileges</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"177\">80 meters</td>\n<td width=\"177\">3.525–3.600</td>\n<td width=\"177\">CW, RTTY, data</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">3.800–4.000</td>\n<td width=\"177\">CW, phone, image</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"177\">40 meters</td>\n<td width=\"177\">7.025–7.125</td>\n<td width=\"177\">CW, RTTY, data</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">7.175–7.300</td>\n<td width=\"177\">CW, phone, image</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"177\">20 meters</td>\n<td width=\"177\">14.025–14.150</td>\n<td width=\"177\">CW, RTTY, data</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">14.225–14.350</td>\n<td width=\"177\">CW, phone, image</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"177\">15 meters</td>\n<td width=\"177\">21.025–21.200</td>\n<td width=\"177\">CW, RTTY, data</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">21.275–21.450</td>\n<td width=\"177\">CW, phone, image</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">17, 12, 10 meters</td>\n<td width=\"177\"></td>\n<td width=\"177\">All amateur privileges</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">Above 50 MHz</td>\n<td width=\"177\"></td>\n<td width=\"177\">All amateur privileges</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>CW = Morse code; RTTY = radioteletype.</p>\n"},{"title":"Common ham radio Q signals","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Hams use three-letter Q <em>signals</em> on every mode and even in face-to-face conversation. Here are the Q signals most commonly used in day-to-day operation. Each signal can be a question or an answer, as shown in the Meaning column. A complete list of ham radio Q signals, including those used on nets and repeaters, is available via the <a href=\"http://ac6v.com/opaids.php#QS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AC6V Operating Aids</a> web page.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><strong>Q Signal</strong></td>\n<td width=\"266\"><strong>Meaning</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRL</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Is the frequency busy?<br />\nThe frequency is busy. Please do not interfere.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRM</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Abbreviation for interference from other signals.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRN</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Abbreviation for interference from natural or human-made static.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRO</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Shall I increase power?<br />\nIncrease power.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRP</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Shall I decrease power?<br />\nDecrease power.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRQ</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Shall I send faster?<br />\nSend faster (__words per minute [wpm]).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRS</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Shall I send more slowly?<br />\nSend more slowly (__wpm).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRT</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Shall I stop sending or transmitting?<br />\nStop sending or transmitting.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRU</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Have you anything more for me?<br />\nI have nothing more for you.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRV</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Are you ready?<br />\nI am ready.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRX</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Stand by.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QRZ</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Who is calling me?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QSB</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Abbreviation for signal fading.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QSL</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Did you receive and understand?<br />\nReceived and understood.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QSO</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Abbreviation for a contact.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QST</td>\n<td width=\"266\">General call preceding a message addressed to all amateurs.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QSX</td>\n<td width=\"266\">I am listening on ___ kHz.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QSY</td>\n<td width=\"266\">Change to transmission on another frequency (or to ___ kHz).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\">QTH</td>\n<td width=\"266\">What is your location?<br />\nMy location is ____.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n"},{"title":"Common ham radio repeater channel spacings and offsets","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Until you become accustomed to using repeaters on all the different ham radio bands, this chart can help you remember the right offsets and channel spacings to use. Many radios have the standard options preprogrammed, but you need to be aware of what they should be.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\"><strong>Band</strong></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><strong>Output Frequencies of Each Group (In MHz)</strong></td>\n<td width=\"177\"><strong>Offset from Output to Input Frequency</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" width=\"177\">6 meters</td>\n<td width=\"177\">51.62 – 51.98</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" width=\"177\">– 500 kHz</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">52.5 – 52.98</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">53.5 – 53.98</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" width=\"177\">2 meters (a mix of 20 kHz and 15 kHz channel spacing)</td>\n<td width=\"177\">145.2 – 145.5</td>\n<td width=\"177\">– 600 kHz</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">146.61 – 146.97</td>\n<td width=\"177\">– 600 kHz</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">147.00 – 147.39</td>\n<td width=\"177\">+ 600 kHz</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">222 MHz or 1-1/4 meters</td>\n<td width=\"177\">223.85 – 224.98</td>\n<td width=\"177\">– 1.6 MHz</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"177\">440 MHz or 70 cm (local options determine whether inputs are above or below outputs)</td>\n<td width=\"177\">442 – 445 (California repeaters start at 440 MHz)</td>\n<td width=\"177\">+ 5 MHz</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">447 – 450</td>\n<td width=\"177\">– 5 MHz</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"177\">1296 MHz or 23 cm</td>\n<td width=\"177\">1282 – 1288</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"177\">– 12 MHz</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"177\">1290 – 1294</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n"},{"title":"Your ham radio go kit","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Would you be ready if a call came from your local public service group to provide some ham radio expertise for a day or so? Items in the following list are the basics of what should be in your radio go kit. Now is a good time to check your supplies and be prepared! Don’t forget to put together a personal go kit, too.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dual-band (VHF/UHF) handheld radio and mini manual</li>\n<li>Full-size flexible whip antenna</li>\n<li>Copy of your Federal Communications Commission (FCC) license and any public service group or government agency IDs</li>\n<li>Mag-mount antenna with necessary adapters for connecting to various connectors</li>\n<li>Extra coaxial cable with the right connectors for your radios</li>\n<li>Extra battery packs and charger</li>\n<li>AA-cell battery pack if available and fresh batteries</li>\n<li>AC power supply and auxiliary power (cigarette lighter) adapter with spare fuses</li>\n<li>Headset with microphone (preferred) or speaker-mic</li>\n<li>Copy of your local public service team’s frequencies, phone numbers, and procedures</li>\n<li>Pocket knife and/or multipurpose tool</li>\n<li>Flashlight or headlamp and spare batteries</li>\n<li>Pencil and notebook, clipboard, and permanent marker</li>\n<li>Duct tape, electrical tape, and a few small cable ties</li>\n<li>Cash for food, gas, and telephone calls (about $20 in small bills and change)</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"10 handy ham radio websites","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The most common question asked by newcomers to ham radio is “How do I…?” These ten websites are full of information that you can use as you try new things or hone your existing skills. Be sure to bookmark these pages in your home and mobile browsers.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><strong>Website</strong></td>\n<td width=\"266\"><strong>Organization and Use</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><u><a href=\"http://www.arrl.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ARRL</a></u></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Many useful regulatory, educational, operating, and technical items and links</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><u><a href=\"http://www.ac6v.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AC6V</a></u> and <a href=\"https://www.dxzone.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DX Zone</a></td>\n<td width=\"266\">General-interest websites with many links on all phases of ham radio</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><u><a href=\"http://www.qrz.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">QRZ.com</a></u></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Call sign lookup service and general-interest ham radio portal</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><u><a href=\"http://www.eham.net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eHam.net</a></u></td>\n<td width=\"266\">News, articles, equipment swap-and-shop, product reviews, and mailing lists</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><a href=\"https://www.solarham.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Solar Ham</a></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Real-time information on propagation and solar data</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><a href=\"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/communities/radio-communications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Space Weather Prediction Center</a></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Real-time information on space weather and radio communications</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><u><a href=\"http://www.tapr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TAPR</a></u></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Information on digital data modes and software-defined radio (SDR)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><u><a href=\"https://www.amsat.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AMSAT</a></u></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Main site for information on amateur satellites</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><u><a href=\"http://www.contestcalendar.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WA7BNM Contest Calendar</a></u></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Contest calendar and log due dates</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><a href=\"http://www.ham-yota.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YOTA (Youngsters On the Air)</a></td>\n<td width=\"266\">World-wide group for student and young adult hams, based in Europe</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><u><a href=\"http://www.dxmaps.com/spots/map.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DXMAPS.com</a></u></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Collection of real-time maps showing worldwide activity on any amateur band</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"266\"><u><a href=\"http://www.dxsummit.fi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DX Summit</a></u></td>\n<td width=\"266\">Worldwide DX spotting network</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Two 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General (Programming & Web Design) Beginning Programming All-In-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 05-03-2022

If you're just getting started writing computer programs, you need to learn programming branching and looping statements to perform the specific jobs you need for an effective program. Keeping a list of computer programming resources for useful information handy can help, too.

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QuickBooks QuickBooks 2019 For Dummies Cheat Sheet

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QuickBooks 2019 makes small-business accounting fast and easy. But your day-to-day business bookkeeping will go even more smoothly if you employ a handful of QuickBooks user interface tricks, editing tricks, and keyboard shortcuts.

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Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-27-2022

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Coding is fast becoming a skill that every child needs to be educated for in the 21st Century. But coding is taught at only a small fraction of schools, and often only at the high school level. Helping kids learn how to code also means you’re assisting them in developing a skill that is highly marketable and sets them apart from peers at school and later, in their careers. The topics in this cheat sheet can assist you on getting started when your kid expresses an interest in learning how to code.

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Microsoft SharePoint Server 2016 provides a web-based platform that your organization can leverage to be more productive and more competitive. With SharePoint 2016, you can manage content, publish information, track processes, and manage your overall business activities. In addition, SharePoint 2016 provides social features, such as microblogging, feeds, likes, mentions, and hash tags, to get everyone in your organization on the same page and communicating effectively.

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Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-26-2022

Python is an incredibly flexible language that has significant third-party support and is used in a broad range of applications. The applications you build will run on any platform that Python supports without any modification as long as you create a pure Python solution. Of course, you want to ensure that your applications have the best chance possible of working exactly as you anticipated everywhere they're run, which is why you need the information in this cheat sheet.

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Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-25-2022

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Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-25-2022

If you’re new to ham radio, these articles contain information that new ham radio operators should keep handy while gathering experience. You’ll find these references to be just what you need while learning to navigate the radio bands and make contacts. Bookmarking the websites in your web browser will help while you’re online, too.

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