{"appState":{"pageLoadApiCallsStatus":true},"categoryState":{"relatedCategories":{"headers":{"timestamp":"2022-05-17T12:31:18+00:00"},"categoryId":33809,"data":{"title":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","slug":"home-auto-hobbies","image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/home-auto-hobbies-category.jpg","width":643,"height":1286},"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809}],"parentCategory":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"childCategories":[{"categoryId":33810,"title":"Antiques & Collectibles","slug":"antiques-collectibles","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33810"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33813,"title":"Automotive","slug":"automotive","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33813"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33825,"title":"Crafts","slug":"crafts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33825"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33839,"title":"Food & Drink","slug":"food-drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33884,"title":"Games","slug":"games","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33884"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33916,"title":"Garden & Green Living","slug":"garden-green-living","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33916"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33933,"title":"Hobby Farming","slug":"hobby-farming","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33933"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33939,"title":"Home Improvement & Appliances","slug":"home-improvement-appliances","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33939"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33962,"title":"Home Ownership & Renting","slug":"home-ownership-renting","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33962"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33963,"title":"Magic","slug":"magic","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33963"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33964,"title":"Pets","slug":"pets","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33964"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33992,"title":"Photography","slug":"photography","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33992"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":34001,"title":"Sports & Recreation","slug":"sports-recreation","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34001"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":34037,"title":"Travel","slug":"travel","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34037"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}}],"description":"What do you need to learn to make everyday life easier and more fun? Maybe it’s meal planning. Or playing bartender at parties. Want to learn to change the oil in your car? Train your cocker spaniel or use your fancy new camera? We’ve got the 411.","relatedArticles":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles?category=33809&offset=0&size=5"}},"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"}},"relatedCategoriesLoadedStatus":"success"},"listState":{"list":{"count":10,"total":7012,"items":[{"headers":{"creationTime":"2022-05-12T15:04:46+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-05-16T20:33:51+00:00","timestamp":"2022-05-17T00:01:26+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Photography","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33992"},"slug":"photography","categoryId":33992},{"name":"General (Photography)","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34000"},"slug":"general-photography","categoryId":34000}],"title":"10 Tips for Taking Better Photos","strippedTitle":"10 tips for taking better photos","slug":"10-tips-for-taking-better-photos","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"These 10 easy tips, including on composition, lighting, and focal point, can help you start taking better photos right away.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Have you ever looked through the photos you shot during a vacation or important family get-together and wished you had better pictures to frame, share online, or use in a photo book? For example, that really cool picture you took of your husband in front of the Eiffel Tower? Not so cool after all. You can’t really see him; he’s way too small in the frame. And in another shot, he has horns sticking out of his head because of some strange, unidentifiable object in the background.\r\n\r\nIt's frustrating when you end up with less-than-ideal pictures. But you can improve your photo-taking skills by incorporating a few simple techniques. Give the following tips a try.\r\n\r\n<strong>Pay attention to the whole frame</strong>\r\n\r\nAs illustrated above (the horns), it’s important to pay attention to the entire frame of your photo when you’re getting ready to click the shutter button. Whether you’re using a smartphone or something fancier, what’s around your main subject and in the background matters. You might have to change your position, your camera angle, or wait a few seconds, but it will be worth the trouble.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292991\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-292991 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Woman-at-Arc-de-Triomphe_77546294-1.jpg\" alt=\"woman posing in front of the Arc de Triomphe\" width=\"630\" height=\"420\" /> ©Ryanking 999 / Adobe Stock<br />The photographer filled the entire frame with his two subjects, the woman and the Arc de Triomphe.[/caption]\r\n\r\n<strong>Fill the frame</strong>\r\n\r\nThis tip is related to the last one because it’s also about paying attention to the entire frame of your photo. One of the best pieces of advice for better photos is to get closer to your subject and fill the frame with it, or them. The photo above shows an example of this. The photographer moved up close to the woman and filled the frame with her and the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292988\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-292988 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Peppers-at-market_297146901-1.jpg\" alt=\"colorful vegetables at a street market\" width=\"630\" height=\"420\" /> ©Katy_89 / Adobe Stock<br />In this image, the photographer chose the colorful peppers as the focal point.[/caption]\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Dummies.com has <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/category/articles/photography-33992/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many articles</a> and books on photography, including lots of <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/category/books/cameras-33993/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">books on specific cameras</a>.</p>\r\n<strong>Identify your focal point and compose around it</strong>\r\n\r\nBefore you snap a picture, first, identify your <em>focal point</em>, or main subject. It could be a person, a fountain, a tree, a building , or anything you’re interested in. Then, compose your shot with that focal point in mind. Even in scenes where a main subject isn’t obvious, try to identify something. For example, in a busy outdoor market, is there an interesting person or eye-catching tapestry you could use as your focal point?\r\n\r\nIn the photo above, the photographer noticed the wacky shaped, bright-colored peppers and chose them as the focal point. If the photographer had stood way back and shot more of an overview of the scene, with nothing in particular as the main subject, the result would have been a much less interesting picture. The photographer also chose a fairly shallow <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/photography/shooting/control-depth-of-field-in-nature-photography-185693\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">depth of field</a> to blur the background. This further emphasizes the focal point, while also showing the environment.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_293008\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"634\"]<img class=\"wp-image-293008 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Dummies_Rule-of-Thirds.jpg\" alt=\"dog image with rule-of-thirds grid superimposed\" width=\"634\" height=\"420\" /> ©Kevin Noble / Unsplash.com<br />This image shows how the rule-of-thirds grid is used for composition in photography.[/caption]\r\n\r\n<strong>Use the rule of thirds</strong>\r\n\r\nOften, if we don’t take a moment to consider composition, we end up placing our main subject right in the center of the frame. The result, most of the time , is a boring photo. You can significantly improve your photos by using the <em>rule of thirds</em> when you compose your shot.\r\n\r\nThe rule of thirds is not complicated. Basically, it says you will achieve better results by placing your main subject off-center. Imagine a grid (see image above) over your viewfinder (on many cameras and smartphones, this is an option you can actually turn on) and place your subject on or near one of the points where the grid lines intersect.\r\n\r\nAs you can see in the image of the golden retriever above, the dog’s head is near one of these imaginary points. This photo would be far less dramatic if the dog was placed right in the center of the frame.\r\n\r\nThe rule of thirds is really more of a guideline. There are many examples of beautiful photographs featuring the main subjects in the center of the frame (the one below, for example). This decision, like so many aspects of photography, is an artistic one.\r\n\r\n<strong>Where is the light coming from?</strong>\r\n\r\nTake note of where the light source is, whether you’re indoors or outdoors. For example, if you take a photo of a person with the sun coming from behind them, it’s likely their face will be darkened and they might appear silhouetted. This is because your camera’s light meter is trying to simultaneously deal with the very bright and very dark areas in the scene. That’s not to say that shooting toward the sun is wrong. Many photographers do this intentionally for artistic effect, which requires a bit of technical know-how and some experimentation.\r\n\r\nAlso, pay attention to whether there are harsh shadows falling across your main subject. Try changing the angle of the shot by moving yourself or the subject, if possible.\r\n\r\n<strong>Meter the light on your main subject</strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/book/home-auto-hobbies/photography/general-photography/digital-slr-photography-all-in-one-for-dummies-4th-edition-281686/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital single lens reflex</a> (DSLR) , and others, include different ways to measure light coming into the lens to ensure a good exposure — meaning the picture will not end up too dark or too light. Make sure you are <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/photography/cameras/general-cameras/what-is-exposure-in-the-world-of-dslr-cameras-275422\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">measuring the amount of light on your main subject</a>. Even <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/book/home-auto-hobbies/photography/general-photography/android-smartphone-photography-for-dummies-288188\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">smartphones allow you to do this</a> by tapping a specific area of the image on the screen. The point on the screen you tap is where the phone’s camera will measure the light. It will then adjust the exposure for that point rather than trying to balance the exposure for the entire scene, which can result in your main subject looking too dark or light. Try playing with this on your phone, and you will soon understand how to make it work for you.\r\n\r\n<strong>Keep your camera level and hands steady</strong>\r\n\r\nThis tip may seem obvious, but we all sometimes forget to do these two simple things when we’re shooting photos. You can easily ruin what would have been a great shot simply by not holding steady and making sure you have your horizon straight.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292992\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-292992 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Pier-and-lake_unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"pier on a lake with hills in the background\" width=\"630\" height=\"420\" /> ©Matt Wang / Unsplash.com<br />The planks and rails of this pier lead your eyes out to the horizon.[/caption]\r\n\r\n<strong>Look for leading lines and patterns</strong>\r\n\r\nIn photography, <em>leading lines</em> are shapes in the scene that help <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/photography/shooting/compose-your-nature-photograph-with-lines-and-curves-186456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lead a viewer’s eyes to your focal point</a>. These could be train tracks, a line of trees or lampposts, a fence, buildings, or even shadows. You can also look for other elements, such as shapes and colors, that make patterns in a scene to add interest to your photo.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292993\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-292993 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Woman-in-Window_139972308.jpg\" alt=\"Sitting woman framed by arched window\" width=\"630\" height=\"430\" /> ©Migrean / Adobe Stock<br />An example of framing a subject with elements in the scene[/caption]\r\n\r\nMany times, if you look carefully, you can find ways to frame your main subject with other elements in the scene. For example, a rowboat just offshore in a lake could be framed by the trees on the shoreline. In the photo above, the photographer saw an opportunity to frame the subject with the arched window.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292994\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-292994 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Statue_unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"Statue of man in a museum\" width=\"630\" height=\"471\" /> ©Jack Hamilton / Unsplash.com<br />Sometimes an unusual angle or perspective can make a static subject more interesting.[/caption]\r\n\r\n<strong>Try a different angle</strong>\r\n\r\nFor fun, try framing your subject with a different angle. In the photo above, a different perspective, shooting up toward the statue’s face, and using the architecture on the ceiling to frame the head, creates a much more interesting picture than it would have been just shooting this static subject from farther back and straight on.\r\n\r\n<em>(Note: Home page image by Dylan Hargraves, Unsplash.com)</em>","description":"Have you ever looked through the photos you shot during a vacation or important family get-together and wished you had better pictures to frame, share online, or use in a photo book? For example, that really cool picture you took of your husband in front of the Eiffel Tower? Not so cool after all. You can’t really see him; he’s way too small in the frame. And in another shot, he has horns sticking out of his head because of some strange, unidentifiable object in the background.\r\n\r\nIt's frustrating when you end up with less-than-ideal pictures. But you can improve your photo-taking skills by incorporating a few simple techniques. Give the following tips a try.\r\n\r\n<strong>Pay attention to the whole frame</strong>\r\n\r\nAs illustrated above (the horns), it’s important to pay attention to the entire frame of your photo when you’re getting ready to click the shutter button. Whether you’re using a smartphone or something fancier, what’s around your main subject and in the background matters. You might have to change your position, your camera angle, or wait a few seconds, but it will be worth the trouble.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292991\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-292991 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Woman-at-Arc-de-Triomphe_77546294-1.jpg\" alt=\"woman posing in front of the Arc de Triomphe\" width=\"630\" height=\"420\" /> ©Ryanking 999 / Adobe Stock<br />The photographer filled the entire frame with his two subjects, the woman and the Arc de Triomphe.[/caption]\r\n\r\n<strong>Fill the frame</strong>\r\n\r\nThis tip is related to the last one because it’s also about paying attention to the entire frame of your photo. One of the best pieces of advice for better photos is to get closer to your subject and fill the frame with it, or them. The photo above shows an example of this. The photographer moved up close to the woman and filled the frame with her and the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292988\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-292988 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Peppers-at-market_297146901-1.jpg\" alt=\"colorful vegetables at a street market\" width=\"630\" height=\"420\" /> ©Katy_89 / Adobe Stock<br />In this image, the photographer chose the colorful peppers as the focal point.[/caption]\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Dummies.com has <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/category/articles/photography-33992/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many articles</a> and books on photography, including lots of <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/category/books/cameras-33993/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">books on specific cameras</a>.</p>\r\n<strong>Identify your focal point and compose around it</strong>\r\n\r\nBefore you snap a picture, first, identify your <em>focal point</em>, or main subject. It could be a person, a fountain, a tree, a building , or anything you’re interested in. Then, compose your shot with that focal point in mind. Even in scenes where a main subject isn’t obvious, try to identify something. For example, in a busy outdoor market, is there an interesting person or eye-catching tapestry you could use as your focal point?\r\n\r\nIn the photo above, the photographer noticed the wacky shaped, bright-colored peppers and chose them as the focal point. If the photographer had stood way back and shot more of an overview of the scene, with nothing in particular as the main subject, the result would have been a much less interesting picture. The photographer also chose a fairly shallow <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/photography/shooting/control-depth-of-field-in-nature-photography-185693\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">depth of field</a> to blur the background. This further emphasizes the focal point, while also showing the environment.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_293008\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"634\"]<img class=\"wp-image-293008 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Dummies_Rule-of-Thirds.jpg\" alt=\"dog image with rule-of-thirds grid superimposed\" width=\"634\" height=\"420\" /> ©Kevin Noble / Unsplash.com<br />This image shows how the rule-of-thirds grid is used for composition in photography.[/caption]\r\n\r\n<strong>Use the rule of thirds</strong>\r\n\r\nOften, if we don’t take a moment to consider composition, we end up placing our main subject right in the center of the frame. The result, most of the time , is a boring photo. You can significantly improve your photos by using the <em>rule of thirds</em> when you compose your shot.\r\n\r\nThe rule of thirds is not complicated. Basically, it says you will achieve better results by placing your main subject off-center. Imagine a grid (see image above) over your viewfinder (on many cameras and smartphones, this is an option you can actually turn on) and place your subject on or near one of the points where the grid lines intersect.\r\n\r\nAs you can see in the image of the golden retriever above, the dog’s head is near one of these imaginary points. This photo would be far less dramatic if the dog was placed right in the center of the frame.\r\n\r\nThe rule of thirds is really more of a guideline. There are many examples of beautiful photographs featuring the main subjects in the center of the frame (the one below, for example). This decision, like so many aspects of photography, is an artistic one.\r\n\r\n<strong>Where is the light coming from?</strong>\r\n\r\nTake note of where the light source is, whether you’re indoors or outdoors. For example, if you take a photo of a person with the sun coming from behind them, it’s likely their face will be darkened and they might appear silhouetted. This is because your camera’s light meter is trying to simultaneously deal with the very bright and very dark areas in the scene. That’s not to say that shooting toward the sun is wrong. Many photographers do this intentionally for artistic effect, which requires a bit of technical know-how and some experimentation.\r\n\r\nAlso, pay attention to whether there are harsh shadows falling across your main subject. Try changing the angle of the shot by moving yourself or the subject, if possible.\r\n\r\n<strong>Meter the light on your main subject</strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/book/home-auto-hobbies/photography/general-photography/digital-slr-photography-all-in-one-for-dummies-4th-edition-281686/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital single lens reflex</a> (DSLR) , and others, include different ways to measure light coming into the lens to ensure a good exposure — meaning the picture will not end up too dark or too light. Make sure you are <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/photography/cameras/general-cameras/what-is-exposure-in-the-world-of-dslr-cameras-275422\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">measuring the amount of light on your main subject</a>. Even <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/book/home-auto-hobbies/photography/general-photography/android-smartphone-photography-for-dummies-288188\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">smartphones allow you to do this</a> by tapping a specific area of the image on the screen. The point on the screen you tap is where the phone’s camera will measure the light. It will then adjust the exposure for that point rather than trying to balance the exposure for the entire scene, which can result in your main subject looking too dark or light. Try playing with this on your phone, and you will soon understand how to make it work for you.\r\n\r\n<strong>Keep your camera level and hands steady</strong>\r\n\r\nThis tip may seem obvious, but we all sometimes forget to do these two simple things when we’re shooting photos. You can easily ruin what would have been a great shot simply by not holding steady and making sure you have your horizon straight.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292992\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-292992 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Pier-and-lake_unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"pier on a lake with hills in the background\" width=\"630\" height=\"420\" /> ©Matt Wang / Unsplash.com<br />The planks and rails of this pier lead your eyes out to the horizon.[/caption]\r\n\r\n<strong>Look for leading lines and patterns</strong>\r\n\r\nIn photography, <em>leading lines</em> are shapes in the scene that help <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/photography/shooting/compose-your-nature-photograph-with-lines-and-curves-186456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lead a viewer’s eyes to your focal point</a>. These could be train tracks, a line of trees or lampposts, a fence, buildings, or even shadows. You can also look for other elements, such as shapes and colors, that make patterns in a scene to add interest to your photo.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292993\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-292993 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Woman-in-Window_139972308.jpg\" alt=\"Sitting woman framed by arched window\" width=\"630\" height=\"430\" /> ©Migrean / Adobe Stock<br />An example of framing a subject with elements in the scene[/caption]\r\n\r\nMany times, if you look carefully, you can find ways to frame your main subject with other elements in the scene. For example, a rowboat just offshore in a lake could be framed by the trees on the shoreline. In the photo above, the photographer saw an opportunity to frame the subject with the arched window.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292994\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-292994 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Statue_unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"Statue of man in a museum\" width=\"630\" height=\"471\" /> ©Jack Hamilton / Unsplash.com<br />Sometimes an unusual angle or perspective can make a static subject more interesting.[/caption]\r\n\r\n<strong>Try a different angle</strong>\r\n\r\nFor fun, try framing your subject with a different angle. In the photo above, a different perspective, shooting up toward the statue’s face, and using the architecture on the ceiling to frame the head, creates a much more interesting picture than it would have been just shooting this static subject from farther back and straight on.\r\n\r\n<em>(Note: Home page image by Dylan Hargraves, Unsplash.com)</em>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":34787,"name":"Edie Grossfield","slug":"edie-grossfield","description":"Edie Grossfield is an editor, writer, and content manager for Dummies.com, based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/34787"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34000,"title":"General (Photography)","slug":"general-photography","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34000"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":288535,"title":"Android Smartphone Photography For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"android-smartphone-photography-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography","general-photography"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/288535"}},{"articleId":226019,"title":"Converting Raw Files","slug":"converting-raw-files","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography","general-photography"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/226019"}},{"articleId":225916,"title":"Understanding Digital Photo Quality Factors","slug":"understanding-digital-photo-quality-factors","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography","general-photography"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/225916"}},{"articleId":225905,"title":"How to Transfer Photos from Your Digital Camera to Computer","slug":"transfer-photos-digital-camera-computer","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography","general-photography"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/225905"}},{"articleId":209489,"title":"Digital Photography For Seniors For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"digital-photography-for-seniors-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography","general-photography"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209489"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;photography&quot;,&quot;general-photography&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6282e5d66b570\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;photography&quot;,&quot;general-photography&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6282e5d66c290\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-05-12T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":292986},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T22:07:51+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-05-04T19:05:17+00:00","timestamp":"2022-05-05T00:01:07+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Sports & Recreation","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34001"},"slug":"sports-recreation","categoryId":34001},{"name":"Football","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34017"},"slug":"football","categoryId":34017}],"title":"Football Coaching Geared to Kids of Different Ages","strippedTitle":"football coaching geared to kids of different ages","slug":"football-coaching-geared-to-kids-of-different-ages","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Understand what to expect — both physically and emotionally — from kids who play football at a particular age level.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Part of your responsibility when coaching football is knowing and understanding what to expect — both physically and emotionally — from youngsters who play the game at a particular age level.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Coaching kids ages 6 and under</h2>\r\nChildren in this age bracket have probably never played football before, and this season may very well be their first experience in an organized team setting. Your job is simply to introduce them to some of football's most basic elements and whet their appetite for future participation.\r\n\r\nChildren at this age generally aren't concerned about how their football skills compare to those of others on the team. These kids are primarily interested in being with friends and having fun learning and playing the sport.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Football players between ages 7–9</h2>\r\nYoungsters at this age become interested in mastering some of the basics of the sport. They crave feedback from coaches and parents on how they perform certain skills and how they're progressing with new ones. They begin noticing their teammates' abilities and skill levels. When coaches verbally recognize one of their peers for properly executing a skill, they want to earn that same feedback.\r\n\r\nThe desire to compete carries much more prominence for some youngsters in this age range than for others. Children who have older siblings may be particularly competitive, because they've watched their brothers compete in football or other sports, and the younger siblings are finally getting their turn to display their skills.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Playing football at ages 10–12</h2>\r\nMore than likely, these children have had some experience playing football in the past and are continuing because it's piqued their interest. Keep the positive momentum going by adding to their foundation of skills. Fuel their desire to continue playing by conducting practices that are both challenging and fun.\r\n\r\nQuite often, sports take on added importance at this juncture in kids' lives, and some of them really want to do well. As children hit this age range, many become more competitive. They begin embracing the challenge of putting their skills to the test and enjoy competing against others their age. When they're able to help the team prevail, these players feel immense satisfaction accompanied by a unique feeling of accomplishment that's specific to the wonderful world of football.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Coaching youngsters between ages 13–14</h2>\r\nWelcome to the challenging world of the teenager! These kids have already developed many of the basic skills needed to play the sport and now want to improve them.\r\n\r\nBe aware that children at this age are typically searching for their personal identity, so try getting to know them on a personal level by asking who their favorite football players or football teams are. Of course, this tip is great for building good coach-player bonds with kids of all ages.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab5\" >Reaching players who are ages 15 and above</h2>\r\nGaining the respect of your players is always important to your coaching success, and that's particularly true when coaching kids ages 15 and older. These teens have developed a real passion for the sport. They attend football camps, perhaps lift weights year-round in preparation for the season, and in some cases, may actually be more knowledgeable in some areas of the sport than you are.\r\n<p class=\"Tip\">If you volunteer or get recruited to coach this age group, don't panic! Instead, welcome the chance to enhance your coaching abilities and embrace the opportunity to coach these kids, who have a deep-rooted love for the game. Be sure to let them know that you value their opinions, suggestions, and input regarding the team. A youngster's passion for football is wonderful, and that enthusiasm actually helps make your job easier.</p>","description":"Part of your responsibility when coaching football is knowing and understanding what to expect — both physically and emotionally — from youngsters who play the game at a particular age level.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Coaching kids ages 6 and under</h2>\r\nChildren in this age bracket have probably never played football before, and this season may very well be their first experience in an organized team setting. Your job is simply to introduce them to some of football's most basic elements and whet their appetite for future participation.\r\n\r\nChildren at this age generally aren't concerned about how their football skills compare to those of others on the team. These kids are primarily interested in being with friends and having fun learning and playing the sport.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Football players between ages 7–9</h2>\r\nYoungsters at this age become interested in mastering some of the basics of the sport. They crave feedback from coaches and parents on how they perform certain skills and how they're progressing with new ones. They begin noticing their teammates' abilities and skill levels. When coaches verbally recognize one of their peers for properly executing a skill, they want to earn that same feedback.\r\n\r\nThe desire to compete carries much more prominence for some youngsters in this age range than for others. Children who have older siblings may be particularly competitive, because they've watched their brothers compete in football or other sports, and the younger siblings are finally getting their turn to display their skills.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Playing football at ages 10–12</h2>\r\nMore than likely, these children have had some experience playing football in the past and are continuing because it's piqued their interest. Keep the positive momentum going by adding to their foundation of skills. Fuel their desire to continue playing by conducting practices that are both challenging and fun.\r\n\r\nQuite often, sports take on added importance at this juncture in kids' lives, and some of them really want to do well. As children hit this age range, many become more competitive. They begin embracing the challenge of putting their skills to the test and enjoy competing against others their age. When they're able to help the team prevail, these players feel immense satisfaction accompanied by a unique feeling of accomplishment that's specific to the wonderful world of football.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Coaching youngsters between ages 13–14</h2>\r\nWelcome to the challenging world of the teenager! These kids have already developed many of the basic skills needed to play the sport and now want to improve them.\r\n\r\nBe aware that children at this age are typically searching for their personal identity, so try getting to know them on a personal level by asking who their favorite football players or football teams are. Of course, this tip is great for building good coach-player bonds with kids of all ages.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab5\" >Reaching players who are ages 15 and above</h2>\r\nGaining the respect of your players is always important to your coaching success, and that's particularly true when coaching kids ages 15 and older. These teens have developed a real passion for the sport. They attend football camps, perhaps lift weights year-round in preparation for the season, and in some cases, may actually be more knowledgeable in some areas of the sport than you are.\r\n<p class=\"Tip\">If you volunteer or get recruited to coach this age group, don't panic! Instead, welcome the chance to enhance your coaching abilities and embrace the opportunity to coach these kids, who have a deep-rooted love for the game. Be sure to let them know that you value their opinions, suggestions, and input regarding the team. A youngster's passion for football is wonderful, and that enthusiasm actually helps make your job easier.</p>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9400,"name":"Martin Signore","slug":"martin-signore","description":"Martin Signore is a screenwriter and interactive game writer/designer. While working in Los Angeles, Martin founded the Hollywood Football League with his friends and coworkers. Many years, trophies, and leagues later, he admits to being a fantasy football expert and addict. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9400"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34017,"title":"Football","slug":"football","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34017"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"Coaching kids ages 6 and under","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Football players between ages 7–9","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"Playing football at ages 10–12","target":"#tab3"},{"label":"Coaching youngsters between ages 13–14","target":"#tab4"},{"label":"Reaching players who are ages 15 and above","target":"#tab5"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":208626,"title":"Football For Dummies (USA Edition) Cheat Sheet","slug":"football-for-dummies-usa-edition-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","football"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208626"}},{"articleId":196371,"title":"NFL Playoffs and the Super Bowl","slug":"nfl-playoffs-and-the-super-bowl","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","football"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/196371"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;sports-recreation&quot;,&quot;football&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-627313c3a8304\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;sports-recreation&quot;,&quot;football&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-627313c3a8859\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-05-03T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":196368},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T19:38:20+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-05-04T18:56:17+00:00","timestamp":"2022-05-05T00:01:07+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Beverages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33840"},"slug":"beverages","categoryId":33840},{"name":"Beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"},"slug":"beer","categoryId":33843}],"title":"Unusual Beer Styles and Great Beer Brands to Try at Least Once","strippedTitle":"unusual beer styles and great beer brands to try at least once","slug":"unusual-beer-styles-and-great-beer-brands-to-try-at-least-once","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Don't just stick to your tried and true pints; explore more! Check out some truly unique beers you have to try.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Most beer drinkers tend to drink just a couple different beer styles without straying too far off the beaten path. But to fully understand and appreciate the wider spectrum of beer styles, here are a few types of beers that every beer drinker should taste at least once:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Belgian Fruit Lambic: </strong>Well-aged ale with surprising, effusive fruit aroma and taste; intoxicating fragrance</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Doppelbock: </strong>Strong, dark, and caramel-like Bock Beer with two times the flavor and body of Bock (doppel your pleasure, doppel your fun)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Imperial Stout: </strong>Dark, rich, and creamy Stout with complex grain flavors; a brew to chew</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Rauchbier: </strong>Oktoberfest beer made with a portion of beechwood-smoked malt; delicious and unique but takes somewhat of an acquired taste (great with smoked cheese or sausage)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Witbier: </strong>Perfumy Belgian Wheat Beer made with orange rind and coriander seed; like nothing else in the beer world</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nCertain brands of beer have become synonymous with distinctly different flavor profiles. The following short list includes some of the more famous brands along with a couple others that are still cultivating a following. True beer lovers should taste all of them at least once.\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Guinness Stout</strong> <strong>(Ireland):</strong> Dark, dry, smooth, and roasty, with a creamy head; the perfect sipping pint</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Pilsner Urquell</strong> <strong>(Czech Republic):</strong> Crisp and hoppy with a touch of malty sweetness; the original, classic Pilsner beer</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Rodenbach Grand Cru</strong> <strong>(Belgium):</strong> Sharply sour but refreshing, with fresh fruity notes; beer masquerading as Burgundy wine</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Samichlaus</strong> <strong>(Austria):</strong> Incredibly malty-rich and spirited; a terrific tipple for the Christmas holidays</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Samuel Adams Utopias</strong> <strong>(United States):</strong> Throat-warming malt complexity with hints of oak, like no beer you’ve ever had; that’s why you sip it like a brandy</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","description":"Most beer drinkers tend to drink just a couple different beer styles without straying too far off the beaten path. But to fully understand and appreciate the wider spectrum of beer styles, here are a few types of beers that every beer drinker should taste at least once:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Belgian Fruit Lambic: </strong>Well-aged ale with surprising, effusive fruit aroma and taste; intoxicating fragrance</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Doppelbock: </strong>Strong, dark, and caramel-like Bock Beer with two times the flavor and body of Bock (doppel your pleasure, doppel your fun)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Imperial Stout: </strong>Dark, rich, and creamy Stout with complex grain flavors; a brew to chew</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Rauchbier: </strong>Oktoberfest beer made with a portion of beechwood-smoked malt; delicious and unique but takes somewhat of an acquired taste (great with smoked cheese or sausage)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Witbier: </strong>Perfumy Belgian Wheat Beer made with orange rind and coriander seed; like nothing else in the beer world</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nCertain brands of beer have become synonymous with distinctly different flavor profiles. The following short list includes some of the more famous brands along with a couple others that are still cultivating a following. True beer lovers should taste all of them at least once.\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Guinness Stout</strong> <strong>(Ireland):</strong> Dark, dry, smooth, and roasty, with a creamy head; the perfect sipping pint</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Pilsner Urquell</strong> <strong>(Czech Republic):</strong> Crisp and hoppy with a touch of malty sweetness; the original, classic Pilsner beer</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Rodenbach Grand Cru</strong> <strong>(Belgium):</strong> Sharply sour but refreshing, with fresh fruity notes; beer masquerading as Burgundy wine</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Samichlaus</strong> <strong>(Austria):</strong> Incredibly malty-rich and spirited; a terrific tipple for the Christmas holidays</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Samuel Adams Utopias</strong> <strong>(United States):</strong> Throat-warming malt complexity with hints of oak, like no beer you’ve ever had; that’s why you sip it like a brandy</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":"Marty Nachel is an award-winning homebrewer, an AHA/BJCP-certified beer judge, and was a beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute and the Great American Beer Festival. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}},{"authorId":10007,"name":"Steve Ettlinger","slug":"steve-ettlinger","description":"Steve Ettlinger is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10007"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33843,"title":"Beer","slug":"beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":208452,"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208452"}},{"articleId":183852,"title":"Serving Beer Properly","slug":"serving-beer-properly","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183852"}},{"articleId":183823,"title":"A Few Useful Beer Descriptors","slug":"a-few-useful-beer-descriptors","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183823"}},{"articleId":183805,"title":"Tasting and Evaluating Beer Wisely","slug":"tasting-and-evaluating-beer-wisely","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183805"}},{"articleId":183806,"title":"Buying the Freshest Beer","slug":"buying-the-freshest-beer","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183806"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209283,"title":"Homebrewing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"homebrewing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209283"}},{"articleId":208452,"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208452"}},{"articleId":201189,"title":"Homebrewing Problem: No Fermentation","slug":"homebrewing-problem-no-fermentation","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201189"}},{"articleId":198918,"title":"Understanding Malting and Mashing Barley for Homebrewing","slug":"understanding-malting-and-mashing-barley-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198918"}},{"articleId":198797,"title":"What's the Time Commitment for Beginner Homebrewers?","slug":"whats-the-time-commitment-for-beginner-homebrewers","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198797"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281989,"slug":"beer-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9781118120309","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1118120302-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/beer-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9781118120309-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Beer For Dummies, 2nd Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <b data-author-id=\"10006\">Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b data-author-id=\"10007\">Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p> ","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":"Marty Nachel is an award-winning homebrewer, an AHA/BJCP-certified beer judge, and was a beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute and the Great American Beer Festival. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}},{"authorId":10007,"name":"Steve Ettlinger","slug":"steve-ettlinger","description":"Steve Ettlinger is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10007"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;beverages&quot;,&quot;beer&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118120309&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-627313c34d4f7\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;beverages&quot;,&quot;beer&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118120309&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-627313c34da75\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-05-04T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":183851},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2020-10-08T00:41:09+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-05-04T18:49:59+00:00","timestamp":"2022-05-05T00:01:06+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Sports & Recreation","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34001"},"slug":"sports-recreation","categoryId":34001},{"name":"Fishing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34016"},"slug":"fishing","categoryId":34016}],"title":"10 Fun Ways to Get Kids Fishing","strippedTitle":"10 fun ways to get kids fishing","slug":"10-fun-ways-to-get-kids-fishing","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Here are some tips to help you make every fishing trip a winner for kids—from packing for success to fishing camping and night fishing.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Fishing trips should be fun for all involved. Here are some tips to help you make every trip a winner for kids. Kids need to be introduced to fishing the right way. Ever notice that almost every adult has a memory of going fishing as a child? Ever notice how many adults have a single, lone, solitary childhood fishing memory? Why is that? Why do some kids only go fishing one time?\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_273796\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"556\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-273796\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/fishing-kids.jpg\" alt=\"kids fishing\" width=\"556\" height=\"371\" /> © LightField Studios / Shutterstock.com[/caption]\r\n\r\nThere are three big reasons why kids fail to get hooked on <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/sports/fishing/fishing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fishing</a>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>No one has fun! If a trip fails to generate excitement, no one involved will want to repeat the experience. Often, this means no fish were caught. Or maybe the weather ruined the trip, creating unpleasant memories.</li>\r\n \t<li>Kids don’t have access to a place where fishing can occur. Fishing isn’t something to be limited to one place, one time per year. But if kids don’t have a fishy habitat close to their homes, it’s hard to get too interested in it.</li>\r\n \t<li>Some kids don’t get to fish often, even if they are intrigued, simply because there is no one around to take them. Of all the reasons preventing kids from getting hooked on fishing, this is the saddest.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nLike so many things involving kids, getting them interested in things is often easier said than done. Some of you are no doubt thinking, \"The kids I know are more interested in their phones and video games than they are in doing anything outside.\" But let’s not despair. Boys and girls have been getting excited about fishing since the first cane pole was cut. This hobby will still work for the kids you know today.\r\n\r\nAlthough there are some risks — there’s no kid-friendly hook — fishing can be one of the best ways to get youngsters outdoors. What better way to interest kids in biology than to take them somewhere where they can get their feet wet? Fishing can be a kid’s gateway into the natural world and all it has to offer. (The natural world is closer to you than you think, regardless of where you live!) And it’s a great way to create funny and exciting memories. After all, in 20 years, no one wants to tell (or hear) the story about a childhood spent playing video games.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Plan (and pack) for success, not failure</h2>\r\nLet’s face it: Some kid fishing trips are bummers because the adults set the trip up for failure. Watch the weather forecast first! If Saturday’s forecast includes a chance of thunderstorms, and Sunday looks clear, why not fish on Sunday? When kids are just starting to fish, a little patience in planning goes a long way. Make every effort to go when the weather is working for you, not against you.\r\n\r\nPack the right clothing. Pack a change of clothes. (Then you can relax if they get the first set dirty and wet.) Throw some snacks and drinks in a cooler. Throw in more than you think they’ll need. No one has fun if they are hungry, cold, or thirsty.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Plan on assisting the kids in their fishing efforts, and <em>don’t</em> plan on fishing yourself. You can better help kids if your hands are free. Help form them into anglers now, so you can fish alongside them later.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Tap into bluegill mania</h2>\r\nBluegills are the universal “first fish.” They are widespread, found in almost every pond in America, and they happen to be willing to bite almost every day. Chances are, there’s a bluegill swimming within a 30-minute drive of where you are right now. Bluegills also school and seem to be attracted to fishing activity. Find a dock or a sunny cove and cast bits of earthworm or wax worms on small hooks. Bluegills love taking baits suspended under floats, which gives kids something to watch, and these small fish tussle quite hard when hooked. Catching one bluegill seldom spooks the others in the area, either. Just watch the sharp dorsal spines after you land them. (With practice, you can hold these spines down with the heel of your hand.)\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Make bait fun</h2>\r\nLivebait fishing works for kids because it works for the fish. If fish are around, they’ll take a livebait they are used to eating.\r\n\r\nMake the act of gathering natural bait part of the adventure. Gathering worms, setting minnow traps, and catching grasshoppers or crayfish might be more enjoyable to kids than the act of fishing. Let it be.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">The trick is handling the life and death issues connected to livebait. Gage your child’s reaction and respond accordingly. You might need to release one bait (where legal) for every one you use. Usually, though, kids handle this part better than we think they will. If your child is not comfortable at all with using livebait, use store-bought baits instead. Many kinds of fish can be caught on corn, shrimp, or pieces of hot dog.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Get gear that works</h2>\r\nFishing poles with cartoon characters work great to get kids excited about fishing, but a super short rod makes it tough to set the hook. (If you don’t believe me, try fishing with one yourself.) You want kids to actually catch fish, not just see them bite. Experiment with circle hooks, which eliminate the need to set the hook (you just hold the rod steady until the fish hooks itself). And whether you use circle or J hooks, cast sharp, small hooks that penetrate quickly. And think about replacing that short cartoon rod with one about five feet long. It’s slightly harder to handle, but it makes it easier to hook and land fish.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab5\" >Burn up a spinner</h2>\r\nMy kids quickly became good casters with their small spincast reels and five-foot rods. We practiced in the yard, and then went fishing with worms and bobbers. But the boys didn’t like waiting for the bobber to dip—they wanted to continue casting. They wanted to cast, and they wanted to reel … fast. The solution? I tied Worden’s Rooster Tails on their lines. Developed in the 1950s by Howard Worden, these classic in-line spinners can be cast and retrieved quickly, and the faster you reel, the more the small blade spins and flashes. Bass, crappie, and bluegill love these lures, and the fish usually hook themselves while attacking the spinner. Get a 1/16-or 1/8-ounce Rooster Tail and let your young fishing buddy start casting. (The Mepps Aglia is another fine choice.)\r\n<h2 id=\"tab6\" >Canoe or kayak into the local wilderness</h2>\r\nFor kids old enough to be comfortable in a small boat, there’s no better way to spend a Saturday than to paddle a quiet stretch of the local stream. Even near major metropolitan areas, small rivers and streams tend to remain wild because building is often prohibited in the floodplain. You’ll be amazed at the wildlife you can spot, and you should catch some really nice fish, too. Boredom is seldom an issue because you’re always able to paddle on down the river. You can often rent canoes or kayaks from liveries near small rivers, so check online.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab7\" >Chum up carp</h2>\r\nCheck your local laws, but most states allow you to chum for fish. This practice involves placing an attractant in an area to lure fish. For sharks, chum consists of blood and ground-up fish. For Common carp (not the invasive Asian carp, which are filter feeders), it involves a handful of canned sweet corn. Heat a can of corn in a saucepan over the stove, adding a bit of maple syrup and Kool-Aid (any flavor will do — but red flavors are my favorite). When you get to the lake or stream, toss a handful of corn out as far as you can. Then bait a hook with several kernels of corn and cast into the same area. Hold on! Carp come to the corn and then feed ravenously. Carp fight hard, so don’t let them pull the rod into the water! Carp can tolerate warmer water, even if it’s mildly polluted. While it’s sad that some waters are polluted, this does mean that carp are close to almost every angler in America.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab8\" >Try fish camping</h2>\r\nFishing and camping go together like football and tailgating. Too often, fishing time is defined by the trip there and the departure. Setting up camp near a likely fishing spot removes the pressure. Like Nick Adams in Hemingway's “Big Two-Hearted River,” you can relax and enjoy the fishing. For kids, a campsite means a campfire, marshmallows, flashlights, tents, and snuggly sleeping bags. Camping while fishing makes the fishing <em>part</em> of the adventure — not the whole adventure itself.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab9\" >Crank up tourney time</h2>\r\nIt’s quite possible that kids are too competitive these days. Still, catching fish naturally leads to some good-natured competition. Who caught the most fish? The biggest? I see nothing wrong with a little tournament action during an afternoon’s fishing session. After all, unlike sports such as soccer, fishing might favor the quiet, contemplative kids that care less about active sports. Fishing is a great equalizer in that way. Bass pros compete for million-dollar purses — I recommend prizes like a new tackle box or a fishing hat.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab10\" >Go night fishing</h2>\r\nNight fishing is more challenging, potentially risky, and more frustrating than daytime fishing. Seems like the exact opposite of what a kid needs. True, but night fishing is also absolutely enchanting. The world, quite literally, changes. Exposing experienced kids to night fishing is like opening the door to another world.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips warning\">You should not attempt to take a kid night fishing until you’re an expert yourself, but being outside at night is something a kid never forgets. This might be ideal for a young person who thinks he or she is too cool or jaded for daytime bluegill fishing.</p>","description":"Fishing trips should be fun for all involved. Here are some tips to help you make every trip a winner for kids. Kids need to be introduced to fishing the right way. Ever notice that almost every adult has a memory of going fishing as a child? Ever notice how many adults have a single, lone, solitary childhood fishing memory? Why is that? Why do some kids only go fishing one time?\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_273796\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"556\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-273796\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/fishing-kids.jpg\" alt=\"kids fishing\" width=\"556\" height=\"371\" /> © LightField Studios / Shutterstock.com[/caption]\r\n\r\nThere are three big reasons why kids fail to get hooked on <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/sports/fishing/fishing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fishing</a>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>No one has fun! If a trip fails to generate excitement, no one involved will want to repeat the experience. Often, this means no fish were caught. Or maybe the weather ruined the trip, creating unpleasant memories.</li>\r\n \t<li>Kids don’t have access to a place where fishing can occur. Fishing isn’t something to be limited to one place, one time per year. But if kids don’t have a fishy habitat close to their homes, it’s hard to get too interested in it.</li>\r\n \t<li>Some kids don’t get to fish often, even if they are intrigued, simply because there is no one around to take them. Of all the reasons preventing kids from getting hooked on fishing, this is the saddest.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nLike so many things involving kids, getting them interested in things is often easier said than done. Some of you are no doubt thinking, \"The kids I know are more interested in their phones and video games than they are in doing anything outside.\" But let’s not despair. Boys and girls have been getting excited about fishing since the first cane pole was cut. This hobby will still work for the kids you know today.\r\n\r\nAlthough there are some risks — there’s no kid-friendly hook — fishing can be one of the best ways to get youngsters outdoors. What better way to interest kids in biology than to take them somewhere where they can get their feet wet? Fishing can be a kid’s gateway into the natural world and all it has to offer. (The natural world is closer to you than you think, regardless of where you live!) And it’s a great way to create funny and exciting memories. After all, in 20 years, no one wants to tell (or hear) the story about a childhood spent playing video games.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Plan (and pack) for success, not failure</h2>\r\nLet’s face it: Some kid fishing trips are bummers because the adults set the trip up for failure. Watch the weather forecast first! If Saturday’s forecast includes a chance of thunderstorms, and Sunday looks clear, why not fish on Sunday? When kids are just starting to fish, a little patience in planning goes a long way. Make every effort to go when the weather is working for you, not against you.\r\n\r\nPack the right clothing. Pack a change of clothes. (Then you can relax if they get the first set dirty and wet.) Throw some snacks and drinks in a cooler. Throw in more than you think they’ll need. No one has fun if they are hungry, cold, or thirsty.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Plan on assisting the kids in their fishing efforts, and <em>don’t</em> plan on fishing yourself. You can better help kids if your hands are free. Help form them into anglers now, so you can fish alongside them later.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Tap into bluegill mania</h2>\r\nBluegills are the universal “first fish.” They are widespread, found in almost every pond in America, and they happen to be willing to bite almost every day. Chances are, there’s a bluegill swimming within a 30-minute drive of where you are right now. Bluegills also school and seem to be attracted to fishing activity. Find a dock or a sunny cove and cast bits of earthworm or wax worms on small hooks. Bluegills love taking baits suspended under floats, which gives kids something to watch, and these small fish tussle quite hard when hooked. Catching one bluegill seldom spooks the others in the area, either. Just watch the sharp dorsal spines after you land them. (With practice, you can hold these spines down with the heel of your hand.)\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Make bait fun</h2>\r\nLivebait fishing works for kids because it works for the fish. If fish are around, they’ll take a livebait they are used to eating.\r\n\r\nMake the act of gathering natural bait part of the adventure. Gathering worms, setting minnow traps, and catching grasshoppers or crayfish might be more enjoyable to kids than the act of fishing. Let it be.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">The trick is handling the life and death issues connected to livebait. Gage your child’s reaction and respond accordingly. You might need to release one bait (where legal) for every one you use. Usually, though, kids handle this part better than we think they will. If your child is not comfortable at all with using livebait, use store-bought baits instead. Many kinds of fish can be caught on corn, shrimp, or pieces of hot dog.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Get gear that works</h2>\r\nFishing poles with cartoon characters work great to get kids excited about fishing, but a super short rod makes it tough to set the hook. (If you don’t believe me, try fishing with one yourself.) You want kids to actually catch fish, not just see them bite. Experiment with circle hooks, which eliminate the need to set the hook (you just hold the rod steady until the fish hooks itself). And whether you use circle or J hooks, cast sharp, small hooks that penetrate quickly. And think about replacing that short cartoon rod with one about five feet long. It’s slightly harder to handle, but it makes it easier to hook and land fish.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab5\" >Burn up a spinner</h2>\r\nMy kids quickly became good casters with their small spincast reels and five-foot rods. We practiced in the yard, and then went fishing with worms and bobbers. But the boys didn’t like waiting for the bobber to dip—they wanted to continue casting. They wanted to cast, and they wanted to reel … fast. The solution? I tied Worden’s Rooster Tails on their lines. Developed in the 1950s by Howard Worden, these classic in-line spinners can be cast and retrieved quickly, and the faster you reel, the more the small blade spins and flashes. Bass, crappie, and bluegill love these lures, and the fish usually hook themselves while attacking the spinner. Get a 1/16-or 1/8-ounce Rooster Tail and let your young fishing buddy start casting. (The Mepps Aglia is another fine choice.)\r\n<h2 id=\"tab6\" >Canoe or kayak into the local wilderness</h2>\r\nFor kids old enough to be comfortable in a small boat, there’s no better way to spend a Saturday than to paddle a quiet stretch of the local stream. Even near major metropolitan areas, small rivers and streams tend to remain wild because building is often prohibited in the floodplain. You’ll be amazed at the wildlife you can spot, and you should catch some really nice fish, too. Boredom is seldom an issue because you’re always able to paddle on down the river. You can often rent canoes or kayaks from liveries near small rivers, so check online.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab7\" >Chum up carp</h2>\r\nCheck your local laws, but most states allow you to chum for fish. This practice involves placing an attractant in an area to lure fish. For sharks, chum consists of blood and ground-up fish. For Common carp (not the invasive Asian carp, which are filter feeders), it involves a handful of canned sweet corn. Heat a can of corn in a saucepan over the stove, adding a bit of maple syrup and Kool-Aid (any flavor will do — but red flavors are my favorite). When you get to the lake or stream, toss a handful of corn out as far as you can. Then bait a hook with several kernels of corn and cast into the same area. Hold on! Carp come to the corn and then feed ravenously. Carp fight hard, so don’t let them pull the rod into the water! Carp can tolerate warmer water, even if it’s mildly polluted. While it’s sad that some waters are polluted, this does mean that carp are close to almost every angler in America.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab8\" >Try fish camping</h2>\r\nFishing and camping go together like football and tailgating. Too often, fishing time is defined by the trip there and the departure. Setting up camp near a likely fishing spot removes the pressure. Like Nick Adams in Hemingway's “Big Two-Hearted River,” you can relax and enjoy the fishing. For kids, a campsite means a campfire, marshmallows, flashlights, tents, and snuggly sleeping bags. Camping while fishing makes the fishing <em>part</em> of the adventure — not the whole adventure itself.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab9\" >Crank up tourney time</h2>\r\nIt’s quite possible that kids are too competitive these days. Still, catching fish naturally leads to some good-natured competition. Who caught the most fish? The biggest? I see nothing wrong with a little tournament action during an afternoon’s fishing session. After all, unlike sports such as soccer, fishing might favor the quiet, contemplative kids that care less about active sports. Fishing is a great equalizer in that way. Bass pros compete for million-dollar purses — I recommend prizes like a new tackle box or a fishing hat.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab10\" >Go night fishing</h2>\r\nNight fishing is more challenging, potentially risky, and more frustrating than daytime fishing. Seems like the exact opposite of what a kid needs. True, but night fishing is also absolutely enchanting. The world, quite literally, changes. Exposing experienced kids to night fishing is like opening the door to another world.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips warning\">You should not attempt to take a kid night fishing until you’re an expert yourself, but being outside at night is something a kid never forgets. This might be ideal for a young person who thinks he or she is too cool or jaded for daytime bluegill fishing.</p>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9902,"name":"Greg Schwipps","slug":"greg-schwipps","description":"Greg Schwipps, a creative writing professor and novelist, has been fishing for more than 40 years. His fishing articles have appeared in publications such as In-Fisherman, and his recent work focuses on introducing kids to the outdoors.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9902"}},{"authorId":9901,"name":"Peter Kaminsky","slug":"peter-kaminsky","description":"Peter Kaminsky's Outdoors column has appeared for many years in the New York Times. His books on fly fishing include The Moon Pulled Up An Acre of Bass, American Waters, and The Flyfisherman's Guide To The Meaning of Life. His fishing writing has appeared in Field & Stream, Outdoor Life, Sports Afield, Flyfisherman, Anglers Journal, New York Magazine, and GQ. He is the former managing editor of National Lampoon. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9901"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34016,"title":"Fishing","slug":"fishing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34016"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"Plan (and pack) for success, not failure","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Tap into bluegill mania","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"Make bait fun","target":"#tab3"},{"label":"Get gear that works","target":"#tab4"},{"label":"Burn up a spinner","target":"#tab5"},{"label":"Canoe or kayak into the local wilderness","target":"#tab6"},{"label":"Chum up carp","target":"#tab7"},{"label":"Try fish camping","target":"#tab8"},{"label":"Crank up tourney time","target":"#tab9"},{"label":"Go night fishing","target":"#tab10"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":273830,"title":"3 Recipes for Frying Fish","slug":"3-recipes-for-frying-fish","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fishing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/273830"}},{"articleId":273825,"title":"10 Fishing Lessons You Don’t Have to Learn the Hard Way","slug":"10-fishing-lessons-you-dont-have-to-learn-the-hard-way","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fishing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/273825"}},{"articleId":273815,"title":"Freshwater Fishing: Trout","slug":"freshwater-fishing-trout","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fishing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/273815"}},{"articleId":273807,"title":"Freshwater Fishing: Catfish","slug":"freshwater-fishing-catfish","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fishing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/273807"}},{"articleId":273800,"title":"Freshwater Fishing: Sunfish","slug":"freshwater-fishing-sunfish","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fishing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/273800"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":274728,"title":"10 Saltwater Fly Fishing Bucket-List Destinations","slug":"10-saltwater-fly-fishing-bucket-list-destinations","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fishing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274728"}},{"articleId":274722,"title":"Anatomy of a Fly Rod","slug":"anatomy-of-a-fly-rod","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fishing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274722"}},{"articleId":274716,"title":"Fly Reels","slug":"fly-reels","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fishing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274716"}},{"articleId":273830,"title":"3 Recipes for Frying Fish","slug":"3-recipes-for-frying-fish","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fishing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/273830"}},{"articleId":273825,"title":"10 Fishing Lessons You Don’t Have to Learn the Hard Way","slug":"10-fishing-lessons-you-dont-have-to-learn-the-hard-way","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fishing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/273825"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282202,"slug":"fishing-for-dummies-3rd-edition","isbn":"9781119685890","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fishing"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119685893/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119685893/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119685893-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119685893/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119685893/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/fishing-for-dummies-3rd-edition-cover-9781119685890-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Fishing For Dummies, 3rd Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"9902\">Greg Schwipps</b>, a creative writing professor and novelist, has been fishing for more than 40 years. His fishing articles have appeared in publications such as In-Fisherman, and his recent work focuses on introducing kids to the outdoors. <b data-author-id=\"9901\">Peter Kaminsky</b>'s Outdoors column has appeared for many years in the New York Times. His books on fly fishing include The Moon Pulled Up An Acre of Bass, American Waters, and The Flyfisherman's Guide To The Meaning of Life. His fishing writing has appeared in Field & Stream, Outdoor Life, Sports Afield, Flyfisherman, Anglers Journal, New York Magazine, and GQ. He is the former managing editor of National Lampoon.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9902,"name":"Greg Schwipps","slug":"greg-schwipps","description":"Greg Schwipps, a creative writing professor and novelist, has been fishing for more than 40 years. His fishing articles have appeared in publications such as In-Fisherman, and his recent work focuses on introducing kids to the outdoors.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9902"}},{"authorId":9901,"name":"Peter Kaminsky","slug":"peter-kaminsky","description":"Peter Kaminsky's Outdoors column has appeared for many years in the New York Times. His books on fly fishing include The Moon Pulled Up An Acre of Bass, American Waters, and The Flyfisherman's Guide To The Meaning of Life. His fishing writing has appeared in Field & Stream, Outdoor Life, Sports Afield, Flyfisherman, Anglers Journal, New York Magazine, and GQ. He is the former managing editor of National Lampoon. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9901"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;sports-recreation&quot;,&quot;fishing&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119685890&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-627313c301210\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;sports-recreation&quot;,&quot;fishing&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119685890&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-627313c301b8c\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-05-04T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":273795},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T22:45:25+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-05-04T14:26:28+00:00","timestamp":"2022-05-04T18:01:05+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Garden & Green Living","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33916"},"slug":"garden-green-living","categoryId":33916},{"name":"Lawn Care","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33927"},"slug":"lawn-care","categoryId":33927}],"title":"How to Mow a Lawn the Right Way","strippedTitle":"how to mow a lawn the right way","slug":"mowing-your-lawn-the-right-way","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Keep your little patch of green picture perfect. Learn about lawn mower safety, proper grass height, and how to protect your trees.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"How to mow a lawn or grass the right way is one of the most important practices in keeping your lawn healthy. Grasses are like most plants — if you clip off the growing points (for grass, it's in the crown, where the new leaves develop), the plants branch out and become denser, which in this case, turns thousands of individual grass plants into a tightly woven turf or a lawn. If you didn't mow at all, your yard would look more like a prairie than a lawn. But the mere act of mowing isn't what makes a lawn look good. Mowing height and mowing frequency determine how healthy and attractive your lawn looks. After all, cutting a lawn is stressful for the grass. The leaves make the food for the roots — and how would you like it if someone kept cutting off your food?\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Height does count when you mow a lawn</h2>\r\nMost grasses have a range of recommended mowing heights. Stay at the upper end of that range when the lawn is under stressful conditions, such as hot weather or drought, or if you have a shady lawn. In cooler weather, you can cut the grass a little lower.\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Follow the one-third rule. For a thriving lawn, never cut away more than one-third of the grass blade in any one mowing. If the grass \"gets ahead of you\" because of wet weather or your busy schedule, move up the cutting height of your mower to the highest possible setting and mow. If clippings are too long and heavy, even at that cutting height, catch them with the bagging unit or clean up after mowing with a leaf rake. Then move the cutting height back to your normal range and cut the lawn again a few days after that first mowing.</p>\r\nTable 1 shows suggested mowing heights for different grass types.\r\n\r\n<strong>Table 1: Ideal Mowing Heights</strong>\r\n<table class=\"article-table\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\"><strong><em>Grass type</em></strong></td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\"><strong><em>Height</em></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Bahia grass; fescue, tall; blue grama; buffalo grass</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">2 to 3 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Bent grass</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1/4 to 1 inch</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Bermuda grass, common</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">3/4 to 1-1/2 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Bermuda grass, hybrid</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1/2 to 1 inch</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Centipede grass; zoysia grass*</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1 to 2 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Fescue, fine; St. Augustine grass</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1-1/2 to 2-1/2 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Kentucky bluegrass</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1-3/4 to 2-1/2 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Ryegrass, annual and perennial</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1-1/2 to 2 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\"><em>*You can mow some newer, dwarf varieties lower.</em></td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\"></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nEdging and trimming are the finishing touches of mowing, kind of like getting a shave after you've had a haircut. Edging and trimming are pretty close to being the same thing. Some tools are called edgers because they're designed to trim the lawn along a hard surface like a driveway or sidewalk. Edgers cut a nice clean edge, but leave some dirt and grass debris that you need to clean up. On the other hand, you can use trimmers anywhere — along a hard surface, in tight spaces, next to planting beds, and so on. Trimmers also leave some clippings on paths and driveways that you need to sweep up.\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Never put grass clippings in a plastic bag and send them off to the dump. (In some areas, sending grass clippings to the dump is illegal.) Grass clippings are valuable organic matter, chock-full of nitrogen and other nutrients. As long as you mow often enough to remove no more than one third of the grass blade, the easiest thing to do is just to leave clippings on the lawn. The pieces break down quickly and reduce the amount of fertilizer you have to use by as much as 25 percent. And research has proven that the clippings don't cause thatch to build up.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Lawn mowing safety when you mow a lawn</h2>\r\nEvery year, hundreds, maybe even thousands, of people get injured when using lawn mowers. Power lawn mowers can be dangerous even when used properly. Be proactive when it comes to safety and follow these tips to avoid injuries:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Know the equipment.</strong> Read the owner's manual. Become familiar with all the safety features and don't disconnect any of them. Keep all nuts and bolts properly tightened. Never pull a walking mower.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Check the lawn before mowing and wear proper clothing.</strong> Pick up any rocks or debris. Heavy shoes and long pants provide the best protection from flying debris. If you're using a reel mower, don't wear loose clothing.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Protect your hearing.</strong> Doing yard work can get pretty noisy. In addition to the lawn mower, high-decibel noise comes from trimmers, edgers, and blowers. Use earplugs or earmuff-type hearing protection.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Keep pets and children away from the lawn as you mow.</strong> Don't let children operate a lawn mower unless they're strong enough, responsible, and understand all the operating and safety features. Even then, supervise them. Never give a young child a ride on a ride-on mower. Sudden stops, flying objects, or an excited child can spell disaster.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Be careful when fueling.</strong> Stop the mower and let the engine cool for 10 minutes before fueling. Never fill the tank with the mower on the lawn. Avoid spills by using a gas can with an adequate pouring spout. Clean up spills immediately and put the used rags in a covered metal can. (Gasoline-soaked rags are a fire hazard.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Turn off the mower.</strong> Never leave the mower running unattended, or work on a motor that is running. Turn off the power when you cross nongrass areas.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Be careful on hills.</strong> Steep slopes are always dangerous because a mower can flip over or go out of control. Plant a ground cover other than turf in these areas. On gentle slopes, mow across the slope, not up and down. Use a walk-behind mower.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Lawn mowers — a tree's worst enemy</h2>\r\nRepeatedly banging a mower against a tree trunk or whipping it senseless with a weed whip each week can seriously damage the bark and the sensitive tissues underneath. The damage can restrict the growth of young trees to the point where the base of the trunk is so weak and girdled that the tree just snaps off in the slightest wind.\r\n\r\nTo protect the tree, leave a ring of grassless soil at least 3 feet wide around the trunk. Put in a nice brick or stone edging around the outside. Better yet, cover the open soil with a thick layer (3 to 6 inches deep) of organic mulch, such as compost or bark. (Keep the mulch a few inches away from the base of the tree.)\r\nYou can also go to a garden center to buy trunk protectors, plastic sleeves that encircle the trunk, if you have to have the grass right up against the tree.","description":"How to mow a lawn or grass the right way is one of the most important practices in keeping your lawn healthy. Grasses are like most plants — if you clip off the growing points (for grass, it's in the crown, where the new leaves develop), the plants branch out and become denser, which in this case, turns thousands of individual grass plants into a tightly woven turf or a lawn. If you didn't mow at all, your yard would look more like a prairie than a lawn. But the mere act of mowing isn't what makes a lawn look good. Mowing height and mowing frequency determine how healthy and attractive your lawn looks. After all, cutting a lawn is stressful for the grass. The leaves make the food for the roots — and how would you like it if someone kept cutting off your food?\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Height does count when you mow a lawn</h2>\r\nMost grasses have a range of recommended mowing heights. Stay at the upper end of that range when the lawn is under stressful conditions, such as hot weather or drought, or if you have a shady lawn. In cooler weather, you can cut the grass a little lower.\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Follow the one-third rule. For a thriving lawn, never cut away more than one-third of the grass blade in any one mowing. If the grass \"gets ahead of you\" because of wet weather or your busy schedule, move up the cutting height of your mower to the highest possible setting and mow. If clippings are too long and heavy, even at that cutting height, catch them with the bagging unit or clean up after mowing with a leaf rake. Then move the cutting height back to your normal range and cut the lawn again a few days after that first mowing.</p>\r\nTable 1 shows suggested mowing heights for different grass types.\r\n\r\n<strong>Table 1: Ideal Mowing Heights</strong>\r\n<table class=\"article-table\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\"><strong><em>Grass type</em></strong></td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\"><strong><em>Height</em></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Bahia grass; fescue, tall; blue grama; buffalo grass</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">2 to 3 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Bent grass</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1/4 to 1 inch</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Bermuda grass, common</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">3/4 to 1-1/2 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Bermuda grass, hybrid</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1/2 to 1 inch</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Centipede grass; zoysia grass*</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1 to 2 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Fescue, fine; St. Augustine grass</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1-1/2 to 2-1/2 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Kentucky bluegrass</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1-3/4 to 2-1/2 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\">Ryegrass, annual and perennial</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\">1-1/2 to 2 inches</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr class=\"article-table-row\">\r\n<td valign=\"top\"><em>*You can mow some newer, dwarf varieties lower.</em></td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\"></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nEdging and trimming are the finishing touches of mowing, kind of like getting a shave after you've had a haircut. Edging and trimming are pretty close to being the same thing. Some tools are called edgers because they're designed to trim the lawn along a hard surface like a driveway or sidewalk. Edgers cut a nice clean edge, but leave some dirt and grass debris that you need to clean up. On the other hand, you can use trimmers anywhere — along a hard surface, in tight spaces, next to planting beds, and so on. Trimmers also leave some clippings on paths and driveways that you need to sweep up.\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Never put grass clippings in a plastic bag and send them off to the dump. (In some areas, sending grass clippings to the dump is illegal.) Grass clippings are valuable organic matter, chock-full of nitrogen and other nutrients. As long as you mow often enough to remove no more than one third of the grass blade, the easiest thing to do is just to leave clippings on the lawn. The pieces break down quickly and reduce the amount of fertilizer you have to use by as much as 25 percent. And research has proven that the clippings don't cause thatch to build up.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Lawn mowing safety when you mow a lawn</h2>\r\nEvery year, hundreds, maybe even thousands, of people get injured when using lawn mowers. Power lawn mowers can be dangerous even when used properly. Be proactive when it comes to safety and follow these tips to avoid injuries:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Know the equipment.</strong> Read the owner's manual. Become familiar with all the safety features and don't disconnect any of them. Keep all nuts and bolts properly tightened. Never pull a walking mower.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Check the lawn before mowing and wear proper clothing.</strong> Pick up any rocks or debris. Heavy shoes and long pants provide the best protection from flying debris. If you're using a reel mower, don't wear loose clothing.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Protect your hearing.</strong> Doing yard work can get pretty noisy. In addition to the lawn mower, high-decibel noise comes from trimmers, edgers, and blowers. Use earplugs or earmuff-type hearing protection.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Keep pets and children away from the lawn as you mow.</strong> Don't let children operate a lawn mower unless they're strong enough, responsible, and understand all the operating and safety features. Even then, supervise them. Never give a young child a ride on a ride-on mower. Sudden stops, flying objects, or an excited child can spell disaster.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Be careful when fueling.</strong> Stop the mower and let the engine cool for 10 minutes before fueling. Never fill the tank with the mower on the lawn. Avoid spills by using a gas can with an adequate pouring spout. Clean up spills immediately and put the used rags in a covered metal can. (Gasoline-soaked rags are a fire hazard.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Turn off the mower.</strong> Never leave the mower running unattended, or work on a motor that is running. Turn off the power when you cross nongrass areas.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Be careful on hills.</strong> Steep slopes are always dangerous because a mower can flip over or go out of control. Plant a ground cover other than turf in these areas. On gentle slopes, mow across the slope, not up and down. Use a walk-behind mower.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Lawn mowers — a tree's worst enemy</h2>\r\nRepeatedly banging a mower against a tree trunk or whipping it senseless with a weed whip each week can seriously damage the bark and the sensitive tissues underneath. The damage can restrict the growth of young trees to the point where the base of the trunk is so weak and girdled that the tree just snaps off in the slightest wind.\r\n\r\nTo protect the tree, leave a ring of grassless soil at least 3 feet wide around the trunk. Put in a nice brick or stone edging around the outside. Better yet, cover the open soil with a thick layer (3 to 6 inches deep) of organic mulch, such as compost or bark. (Keep the mulch a few inches away from the base of the tree.)\r\nYou can also go to a garden center to buy trunk protectors, plastic sleeves that encircle the trunk, if you have to have the grass right up against the tree.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9156,"name":"The National Gardening Association","slug":"the-national-gardening-association","description":"","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9156"}},{"authorId":9163,"name":"Bob Beckstrom","slug":"bob-beckstrom","description":"Bob Beckstrom is a home improvement expert and veteran author.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9163"}},{"authorId":9164,"name":"Karan Davis Cutler","slug":"karan-davis-cutler","description":"Karan Davis Cutler is the author of many gardening books and articles. 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He's the best-selling author of more than 20 books on computer applications such as Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Acrobat. He's written four books on digital photography. 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When you have a lot of gear, however, forgetting what you have can be easy, and then you might leave something important at home.</p>\n<p>Keep this handy pre-shoot checklist in your camera bag and review it before you leave for each photo shoot. Those few blank spaces at the end are for listing additional or personal items.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/279339.image0.jpg\" alt=\"image0.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"1105\" /></p>\n"},{"title":"What to do after a photo shoot","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When you complete a photo shoot, you need to do a few things. You may have changed many settings on the camera to deal with lighting and other conditions during your shoot. If you forget to return the camera to its default settings, you risk taking pictures with high ISO settings when there is sufficient light on your next shoot. 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Learn how to stock your kitchen, understand the best food choices, and prepare healthy recipes at home.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Making healthy food choices is an essential part of successful diabetes management. Cooking diabetes-friendly meals at home is a great way to ensure that you're eating nutritious food; avoiding preservatives and excess fat, sugar, and sodium; and controlling your portion sizes.\r\n\r\nIf you've just been diagnosed with diabetes, you may be wondering where to start when it comes to eating well. Understanding the best food choices for people with diabetes is an important first step. Before you begin cooking healthy recipes at home, learn how to shop for the best ingredients and prepare your kitchen.","description":"Making healthy food choices is an essential part of successful diabetes management. Cooking diabetes-friendly meals at home is a great way to ensure that you're eating nutritious food; avoiding preservatives and excess fat, sugar, and sodium; and controlling your portion sizes.\r\n\r\nIf you've just been diagnosed with diabetes, you may be wondering where to start when it comes to eating well. Understanding the best food choices for people with diabetes is an important first step. Before you begin cooking healthy recipes at home, learn how to shop for the best ingredients and prepare your kitchen.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":11250,"name":"American Diabetes Association","slug":"american-diabetes-association","description":"The American Diabetes Association leads the fight against the deadly consequences of diabetes and advocates for those affected by the disease. They fund research to prevent, cure, and manage diabetes; deliver services to hundreds of communities; and provide objective and credible information. 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","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/11250"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;recipes&quot;,&quot;diabetes-recipes&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119363231&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-626ad66431906\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;recipes&quot;,&quot;diabetes-recipes&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119363231&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-626ad664322cc\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":246837,"title":"Making Healthy Food Choices When You Have Diabetes","slug":"making-healthy-food-choices-diabetes","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","diabetes-recipes"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/246837"}},{"articleId":246840,"title":"Shopping Smart When You Have Diabetes","slug":"shopping-smart-diabetes","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","diabetes-recipes"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/246840"}},{"articleId":246842,"title":"Before You Begin Cooking Diabetes-Friendly Recipes","slug":"begin-cooking-diabetes-friendly-recipes","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","diabetes-recipes"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/246842"}}],"content":[{"title":"Making healthy food choices when you have diabetes","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>People with diabetes need to be conscious of what they eat to keep their blood glucose levels in check and reduce their risk of diabetes complications. Consult a registered dietitian/registered dietitian nutritionist or another diabetes care expert soon after being diagnosed to set up a personalized meal plan and learn which foods are best for you.</p>\n<p>The following foods are good options for people with diabetes:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nonstarchy vegetables:</strong> Fill up on fresh, canned, or frozen nonstarchy vegetables (such as tomatoes, carrots, broccoli, cauliflower, cucumbers, asparagus, onions, peppers, salad greens, and many more). Eat these foods often.</li>\n<li><strong>Fruits:</strong> Enjoy fresh, canned, or frozen fruits, but watch your portion sizes. Look for canned fruit in juice or light syrup, not heavy syrup.</li>\n<li><strong>Starchy vegetables:</strong> Enjoy starchy vegetables (such as white and sweet potatoes, corn, green peas, pumpkin, and acorn squash) but keep an eye on portion size. These foods are nutritious, but higher in carbohydrate.</li>\n<li><strong>Whole grains:</strong> Choose whole grains (such as brown rice, oatmeal, quinoa, sorghum, farro, barley, and more) and whole-grain products instead of refined, processed grains, pastas, and breads.</li>\n<li><strong>Lean proteins:</strong> Choose lean sources of protein like poultry (without the skin), fish, and plant-based proteins (such as beans, lentils, chickpeas, nuts and nut products, tofu and tempeh, and meat replacement products).</li>\n<li><strong>Unsaturated fats:</strong> Choose plant-based fats (such as olive oil, canola oil, other vegetable oils, avocados, and nuts) instead of butter, margarine, lard, solid fats, cream, or high-fat meats.</li>\n<li><strong>Low-fat or nonfat dairy:</strong> Low-fat or nonfat milk, yogurt, and cheese may be good options.</li>\n<li><strong>Zero-calorie beverages:</strong> When you&#8217;re thirsty, your best drink options are water, unsweetened tea, black coffee, and diet soda.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Avoid these foods or enjoy them occasionally:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Red meat:</strong> Eat red meats (such as beef, lamb, veal, pork, and bison) in moderation and choose the leanest cuts of high-quality meat available. Red meats can be high in saturated fat.</li>\n<li><strong>High-fat, highly processed meats:</strong> Fatty meats (such as sausage, bacon, hot dogs, and ground beef) should be limited in your diet.</li>\n<li><strong>Saturated and trans fats:</strong> Replace the sources of saturated and trans fat (such as butter, cream, full-fat dairy products, high-fat meats, lard, gravies, chocolate, and poultry skins) with unsaturated fats.</li>\n<li><strong>Processed starches:</strong> Limit white grains, breads, pastas, and crackers as well as chips, cookies, cakes, and other highly processed starches.</li>\n<li><strong>Sugar-sweetened beverages:</strong> People with diabetes should avoid regular sodas, fruit drinks and juices, energy drinks, and sweet teas.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Shopping smart when you have diabetes","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>After you have a grasp on the best food choices for people with diabetes, it&#8217;s time to head to the grocery store. Here are a few quick tips to help you navigate the aisles and select healthy ingredients to prepare at home:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Don&#8217;t shop when you&#8217;re hungry.</strong> Shopping when you&#8217;re hungry can lower your resolve to choose healthy ingredients and may cause you to buy more food than you need.</li>\n<li><strong>Bring a shopping list.</strong> Bring a complete shopping list with you and try to stick to it. Don&#8217;t forget to check your refrigerator and pantry before you go shopping for anything you might be out of.</li>\n<li><strong>Avoid the center aisles of the grocery store.</strong> The outer perimeter of the store is where you&#8217;ll find fresh produce and other fresh ingredients. The center aisles hold mostly processed foods.</li>\n<li><strong>Skip &#8220;sugar-free&#8221; or &#8220;diabetic&#8221; foods.</strong> You don&#8217;t need to purchase &#8220;sugar-free&#8221; or &#8220;diabetic&#8221; foods just because you have diabetes. Fresh, whole ingredients are a better option.</li>\n<li><strong>Read food labels. </strong>When buying packaged or canned products, take a look at Nutrition Facts panels and compare nutrients for similar foods to find the one that will work best with your meal plan.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Before you begin cooking diabetes-friendly recipes","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Cooking diabetes-friendly recipes at home is easier than you think, especially if you take a little time to prepare beforehand. Here are a few things you can do to make healthy home cooking even simpler:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Take inventory of your kitchen.</strong> Go through your refrigerator, pantry, and spice cabinet and take stock of any staple ingredients (such as milk, eggs, flour, sugar, herbs and spices, oil, and frequently used fresh ingredients). Replace any staples that you&#8217;re out of or that have been sitting in your cabinet for years.</li>\n<li><strong>Clean out unwanted food. </strong>As you&#8217;re taking inventory of your kitchen, throw out those leftovers in the back of the fridge and any foods that have expired. This may also be a good opportunity to get rid of any unhealthy foods that you no longer want to keep in the house.</li>\n<li><strong>Examine your cooking tools. </strong>Make sure you have the basic cooking tools you&#8217;ll need to cook at home. Pots, pans, cutting boards, knives, cooking utensils, mixing bowls, and measuring cups and spoons are all essential. Replace any commonly used tools that are broken.</li>\n<li><strong>Read the recipe.</strong> Read through each recipe thoroughly before you begin cooking to make sure you have all the ingredients and kitchen tools you need. If you don&#8217;t understand one of the directions in the recipe, search for an explanation or video demonstration online. If a recipe requires time for marinating or chilling, make sure you take that into account.</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-28T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":246844},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:54:06+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-28T15:18:20+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-28T18:01:07+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Crafts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33825"},"slug":"crafts","categoryId":33825},{"name":"Knitting & Crocheting","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33826"},"slug":"knitting-crocheting","categoryId":33826}],"title":"Knitting Patterns For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"knitting patterns for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"knitting-patterns-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Be ready to start a knitting project at anytime with these quick tips about common knitting terms and abbreviations.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"You can read and understand knitting patterns easily when you're familiar with common knitting terms and abbreviations. When the knitting patterns use metric measurements, you'll need to know some simple conversion formulas. Keep charts handy of your body measurements and yardage estimates of commonly knitted items so that you're ready to start a knitting project at anytime.","description":"You can read and understand knitting patterns easily when you're familiar with common knitting terms and abbreviations. When the knitting patterns use metric measurements, you'll need to know some simple conversion formulas. Keep charts handy of your body measurements and yardage estimates of commonly knitted items so that you're ready to start a knitting project at anytime.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9848,"name":"Kristi Porter","slug":"kristi-porter","description":"","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9848"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33826,"title":"Knitting & Crocheting","slug":"knitting-crocheting","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33826"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":269304,"title":"How to Clean Knitted and Crocheted Items","slug":"how-to-clean-knitted-and-crocheted-items","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","crafts","knitting-crocheting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/269304"}},{"articleId":269296,"title":"How to Execute the Extended Double Crochet","slug":"how-to-execute-the-extended-double-crochet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","crafts","knitting-crocheting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/269296"}},{"articleId":269289,"title":"Go-To Stitches: Garter, Stockinette, and Seed Stitches","slug":"go-to-stitches-garter-stockinette-and-seed-stitches","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","crafts","knitting-crocheting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/269289"}},{"articleId":269283,"title":"Why (and When) Yarn Gauge Matters","slug":"why-and-when-yarn-gauge-matters","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","crafts","knitting-crocheting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/269283"}},{"articleId":269278,"title":"How to Knit Basic Beanies","slug":"how-to-knit-basic-beanies","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","crafts","knitting-crocheting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/269278"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;crafts&quot;,&quot;knitting-crocheting&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-626ad663c5da2\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;crafts&quot;,&quot;knitting-crocheting&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-626ad663c7786\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":188324,"title":"Terms and Abbreviations Used in Knitting Patterns","slug":"terms-and-abbreviations-used-in-knitting-patterns","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","crafts","knitting-crocheting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/188324"}},{"articleId":188326,"title":"How to Convert Metric Measurements on Knitting Patterns","slug":"how-to-convert-metric-measurements-on-knitting-patterns","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","crafts","knitting-crocheting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/188326"}},{"articleId":188325,"title":"Body Measurements Chart for Knitting Projects","slug":"body-measurements-chart-for-knitting-projects","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","crafts","knitting-crocheting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/188325"}},{"articleId":188327,"title":"Knitting: Estimating How Much Yarn You Need","slug":"knitting-estimating-how-much-yarn-you-need","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","crafts","knitting-crocheting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/188327"}}],"content":[{"title":"Terms and abbreviations used in knitting patterns","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Knitting has its own writing method, so when you look at knitting patterns you may see a variety of unfamiliar terms and abbreviations. Once you know the following list of common knitting abbreviations, you&#8217;re well on your way to easily translating knitting patterns:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>BO</td>\n<td>bind off (cast off)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CC</td>\n<td>contrasting color</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>cm</td>\n<td>centimeters</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>cn</td>\n<td>cable needle</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CO</td>\n<td>cast on</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>dec</td>\n<td>decrease</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>dpn(s)</td>\n<td>double-pointed needle(s)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>g</td>\n<td>grams</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>inc</td>\n<td>increase</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>k</td>\n<td>knit</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>k2tog</td>\n<td>knit 2 together (a decrease)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>kfb</td>\n<td>-knit into the front and back of the stitch (an increase)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>knitwise</td>\n<td>as if to knit</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>LT</td>\n<td>left twist</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>m</td>\n<td>meters</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>m1</td>\n<td>make 1 (an increase)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MC</td>\n<td>main color</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>mm</td>\n<td>millimeters</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>oz</td>\n<td>ounce</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>p</td>\n<td>purl</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>p2tog</td>\n<td>purl 2 together (a decrease)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pfb</td>\n<td>-purl into the front and back of the stitch (an increase)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pm</td>\n<td>place marker</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>psso</td>\n<td>pass the slipped stitch over</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>purlwise</td>\n<td>as if to purl</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>rnd(s)</td>\n<td>round(s)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RS</td>\n<td>right (public) side</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RT</td>\n<td>right twist</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>skp</td>\n<td>-slip 1, knit 1, pass the slipped stitch over (a decrease)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>s2kp</td>\n<td>-slip 2, knit 1, pass the 2 slipped stitches over (a double<br />\ndecrease)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>sk2p</td>\n<td>-slip 1, k2tog, pass the slipped stitch over (a double<br />\ndecrease)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>sl</td>\n<td>slip</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>sl st</td>\n<td>slip stitch</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ssk</td>\n<td>slip, slip, knit (a decrease)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>st(s)</td>\n<td>stitch(es)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>tbl</td>\n<td>through the back loop(s)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>tog</td>\n<td>together</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>work even</td>\n<td>work without increasing or decreasing</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>WS</td>\n<td>wrong (non-public) side</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>wyib</td>\n<td>with yarn in back</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>wyif</td>\n<td>with yarn in front</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>yd(s)</td>\n<td>yard(s)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>yo</td>\n<td>yarn over (an increase)</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"How to convert metric measurements on knitting patterns","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Reading knitting patterns can be slow work if you&#8217;re not used to converting from metric measurements to yards, inches, and ounces. Speed up your knitting projects when you&#8217;re figuring out materials by using these metric conversions. hese are approximations, but they&#8217;re easy to do in your head and close enough for your knitting needs!</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Yards and meters:</b> A yard is 36 inches. A meter is 39 inches. Multiply yards by 90 percent (0.9) to get meters (100 yards = 90 meters). Multiply meters by 110 percent (1.1) to get yards (100 meters = 110 yards).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Inches and centimeters: </b>Multiply the number of inches by 2.5 to get centimeters (for example, 4 inches ∞ 2.5 = 10 cm). Divide the number of centimeters by 2.5 to get inches (for example, 10 cm ÷ 2.5 = 4 inches).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Ounces and grams:</b> 50 grams = 1.75 ounces. 100 grams = 3.5 ounces.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Body measurements chart for knitting projects","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Before starting a new knitting pattern, record your body measurements —and those of friends and family — for an accurate fit. Don&#8217;t let your knitted projects go unworn because the measurements were off. Here&#8217;s a handy chart to record measurements for knitting patterns.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Body Part</th>\n<th>My Numbers</th>\n<th>___________ Numbers</th>\n<th>___________ Numbers</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chest</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Waist</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hips</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cross back</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sleeve length</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Back to waist</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Total length</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Foot length</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Head circumference</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Knitting: estimating how much yarn you need","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>If you&#8217;re not working directly from a knitting pattern, then use this chart to estimate your yarn needs. This table shows you some typical knitting patterns and yardage approximations for a variety of sizes. Smaller sizes obviously need the yardage at the low end of the range, and larger sizes need yardage at the high end of the range. Heavily textured knitting projects (think ribs or cables) also need more yarn.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th></th>\n<th>Yarn Weight Category</th>\n<th>Types of Yarn in Category</th>\n<th>Gauge (Stitches per Inch)</th>\n<th>Yards Needed for a Hat</th>\n<th>Yards Needed for a Scarf</th>\n<th>Yards Needed for an Adult Sweater</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1</td>\n<td>Superfine</td>\n<td>sock, fingering, baby</td>\n<td>7 to 8</td>\n<td>300 to 375</td>\n<td>350</td>\n<td>1,500 to 3,200</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2</td>\n<td>Fine</td>\n<td>sport, baby</td>\n<td>6 to 7</td>\n<td>250 to 350</td>\n<td>300</td>\n<td>1,200 to 2,500</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3</td>\n<td>Light</td>\n<td>DK, light worsted</td>\n<td>5 to 6</td>\n<td>200 to 300</td>\n<td>250</td>\n<td>1,000 to 2,000</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4</td>\n<td>Medium</td>\n<td>worsted, aran</td>\n<td>4 to 5</td>\n<td>150 to 250</td>\n<td>200</td>\n<td>800 to 1,500</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5</td>\n<td>Bulky</td>\n<td>chunky, craft, rug</td>\n<td>3 to 4</td>\n<td>125 to 200</td>\n<td>150</td>\n<td>600 to 1,200</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6</td>\n<td>Super bulky</td>\n<td>bulky, roving</td>\n<td>1-1/2 to 3</td>\n<td>75 to 125</td>\n<td>125</td>\n<td>400 to 800</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-28T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208648},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:58:30+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-27T20:44:48+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-28T00:01:06+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Garden & Green Living","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33916"},"slug":"garden-green-living","categoryId":33916},{"name":"Gardening","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33917"},"slug":"gardening","categoryId":33917},{"name":"Flowers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33920"},"slug":"flowers","categoryId":33920}],"title":"Roses For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"roses for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"roses-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Picking the perfect rose for your garden involves finding a hardy plant for your growing zone (based on climate), deciding on a type of rose, and following a plan for rose care. Know your rose terminology and the most popular roses, and you'll sound like a gardening guru.","description":"Picking the perfect rose for your garden involves finding a hardy plant for your growing zone (based on climate), deciding on a type of rose, and following a plan for rose care. Know your rose terminology and the most popular roses, and you'll sound like a gardening guru.","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33920,"title":"Flowers","slug":"flowers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33920"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":242896,"title":"How to Care for an Orchid","slug":"how-to-care-for-an-orchid","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","gardening","flowers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/242896"}},{"articleId":209249,"title":"Orchids for Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"orchids-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","gardening","flowers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209249"}},{"articleId":205435,"title":"How to Grow Perennials from Seed","slug":"how-to-grow-perennials-from-seed","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","gardening","flowers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/205435"}},{"articleId":201174,"title":"Identifying and Controlling Insects that Prey on Roses","slug":"identifying-and-controlling-insects-that-prey-on-roses","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","gardening","flowers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201174"}},{"articleId":201169,"title":"Identifying Rose Classifications","slug":"identifying-rose-classifications","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","gardening","flowers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201169"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;garden-green-living&quot;,&quot;gardening&quot;,&quot;flowers&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6269d942a5b01\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;garden-green-living&quot;,&quot;gardening&quot;,&quot;flowers&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6269d942a64ad\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":195919,"title":"Know Your Rose Lingo","slug":"know-your-rose-lingo","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","gardening","flowers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195919"}},{"articleId":195918,"title":"Ten Popular Roses","slug":"ten-popular-roses","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195918"}},{"articleId":195917,"title":"USDA Hardiness Zones for Plants","slug":"usda-hardiness-zones-for-plants","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195917"}},{"articleId":195916,"title":"Foolproof Tips for Growing Roses","slug":"foolproof-tips-for-growing-roses","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","gardening","flowers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195916"}},{"articleId":195925,"title":"Types of Roses","slug":"types-of-roses","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","gardening","flowers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195925"}}],"content":[{"title":"Know your rose lingo","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>To grow roses successfully, you need to know the lingo. These rose terms describe parts of the rose plant, petal forms, color types, and more! Get to know these terms and start sounding like a master gardener:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Bareroot: </b>Sold in winter to early spring while dormant and without soil on their roots.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Bicolor: </b>A two-colored rose, usually with two or more colors on opposites sides of the petals.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Blend:</b> A multicolored rose with two or more colors blending together on both sides of the petals.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Bud: </b>An unopened flower. A bud eye is dormant vegetative growth that forms in the upper angle where a leaf joins a cane.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Bud union: </b>A swollen or knobby area on the lower trunk of a rose plant, usually near the soil surface, where the flowering variety joins the rootstock.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Cane:</b> A structural branch of a rose plant, usually arising from the base of the plant.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Deadhead: </b>To remove spent blossoms from a bush and channel more energy into new flowers.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Double flower:</b> A rose with more than one row of petals.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Hardiness: </b>The capability of a rose to withstand cold temperatures without being killed or injured.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Hip:</b> The seed pod that forms after a rose’s petals fall off. Some may turn bright orange or red and are quite colorful in fall and winter.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Leaflet: </b>A part of a leaf. Rose leaves are usually divided into 5 to 7 leaflets, but some have as many as 19 or as few as 3.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Own-root roses: </b>Roses that grow on their own roots and are not budded onto a separate rootstock.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Reverse: </b>The underside of a rose petal.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Rootstock: </b>The roots onto which a rose variety is budded. A rootstock increases the adaptability of the rose, giving it increased hardiness, vigor, soil tolerance, and other advantages.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Semi-double:</b> A rose having two or three rows of petals.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Single: </b>A rose having a single row of petals.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Sucker:</b> A vigorous cane that arises from the rootstock of a rose. Its leaves look different from the rest of the plant, and you should remove it.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Variety: </b>A specific type of rose. For example, &#8216;Mister Lincoln&#8217; is a variety of hybrid tea with fragrant red flowers.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"10 popular roses","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Looking for popular rose varieties? For the past several years, these ten roses have been popular among home gardeners:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Ballerina: Pink and white shrub</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Blaze: Red climber</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Bonica: Pink shrub</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Chrysler Imperial: Red hybrid tea</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Double Delight: Red and white hybrid tea</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Iceberg: White floribunda</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Mister Lincoln: Red hybrid tea</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Olympiad: Red hybrid tea</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Queen Elizabeth: Pink grandiflora</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Scentimental: Red and white floribunda</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"USDA hardiness zones for plants","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>If you live in a cold-winter area, choose roses that can survive with minimum damage. This plant hardiness zone chart (based on average annual minimum temperatures) is from the USDA; it helps you figure how cold it gets in your area. Choose roses suitable for your climate zone.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Temperature in ° C</th>\n<th>USDA Zone</th>\n<th>Temperature in ° F</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–45.6 and below</td>\n<td>1</td>\n<td>Below –50</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–42.8 and below</td>\n<td>2a</td>\n<td>–45 to –50</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–40 to –42.7</td>\n<td>2b</td>\n<td>–40 to –45</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–37.3 to –39.9</td>\n<td>3a</td>\n<td>–35 to –40</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–34.5 to –37.2</td>\n<td>3b</td>\n<td>–30 to –35</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–31.7 to –34.4</td>\n<td>4a</td>\n<td>–25 to –30</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–28.9 to –31.6</td>\n<td>4b</td>\n<td>–20 to –25</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–26.2 to –28.8</td>\n<td>5a</td>\n<td>–15 to –20</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–23.4 to –26.1</td>\n<td>5b</td>\n<td>–10 to –15</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–20.6 to –23.3</td>\n<td>6a</td>\n<td>–5 to –10</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–17.8 to –20.5</td>\n<td>6b</td>\n<td>0 to –5</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–15 to –17.7</td>\n<td>7a</td>\n<td>5 to 0</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–12.3 to –14.9</td>\n<td>7b</td>\n<td>10 to 5</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–9.5 to –12.2</td>\n<td>8a</td>\n<td>15 to 10</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–6.7 to –9.4</td>\n<td>8b</td>\n<td>20 to 15</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–3.9 to –6.6</td>\n<td>9a</td>\n<td>25 to 20</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>–1.2 to –3.8</td>\n<td>9b</td>\n<td>30 to 25</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.6 to –1.1</td>\n<td>10a</td>\n<td>35 to 30</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.4 to 1.7</td>\n<td>10b</td>\n<td>40 to 35</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.5 and above</td>\n<td>11</td>\n<td>40 and above</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Foolproof tips for growing roses","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Planting your roses is just the beginning of care. Follow these basic rose-growing guidelines to help keep your plants growing vigorously and producing fabulous blooms:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Roses are tough; you don&#8217;t need to baby them.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">After they&#8217;re established, water deeply once a week if it doesn’t rain.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Fertilize every four to six weeks.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Whack &#8217;em back in late winter or early spring.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If a rose isn&#8217;t growing as well as you&#8217;d like, yank it out and replace it with something better.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Ask questions. Find a rose society meeting near you and join up; they can help. And don&#8217;t forget your local nursery or master gardener association.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Types of roses","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Picking a rose plant is a matter of personal preference. Do you want fragrance, a climber, lots of blooms, a certain bloom size, or a compact plant? Here are the types of roses and their basic differences so you choose the type that fits your gardening plan:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Climbers:</b> Vigorous, sprawling rose plants that need the support of an arbor, fence, or trellis to stay upright.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Floribundas:</b> Free-blooming shrubs that produce tons of flowers, usually borne in large clusters. One of the best types of roses for landscaping.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Grandifloras:</b> Vigorous bushes producing large, beautifully formed flowers that are more likely to be borne in clusters than one to a stem. &#8220;Queen Elizabeth&#8221; is a classic grandiflora.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Hybrid teas:</b> The most popular type of rosebush, with beautiful long-stemmed flowers that are ideal for cutting.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Miniatures:</b> Small in leaf and stature but big in amount of bloom. Grow only 4 to 36 inches high but make great landscape plants, especially as edgings and in containers.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Old garden and species roses (antique roses):</b> A huge group of roses varying in plant habit and flower type. A larger number bloom only once a year. Many have extremely fragrant and/or uniquely formed flowers.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Polyanthas:</b> Small, compact shrubs producing large clusters of flowers. Good landscape plants.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Shrubs:</b> A diverse group of quite varied plants, includes many new excellent landscape varieties known for their easy care and abundant bloom. Also includes some of the hardiest roses.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-27T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":209458},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:58:23+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-27T18:14:28+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-28T00:01:06+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Cooking & Baking","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33847"},"slug":"cooking-baking","categoryId":33847},{"name":"Food Prep Tools","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33848"},"slug":"food-prep-tools","categoryId":33848}],"title":"Cast-Iron Cooking For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"cast-iron cooking for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"cast-iron-cooking-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"First of all, don't wash it! Second, learn how to shop and season your cast iron cookware, whether it's a skillet or griddle.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Cooking with cast iron is a satisfying experience that bridges the days of hardy pioneers to current value for efficient, non-toxic cookware. If you’re new to cooking with cast iron, you need to know how to shop for and season your cookware. And, for cooking in general, it helps to have lists of ingredient and measurement equivalencies as well as ideas for spicing up your recipes in general. <i>Cast-Iron Cooking For Dummies</i> gives you all that and more.","description":"Cooking with cast iron is a satisfying experience that bridges the days of hardy pioneers to current value for efficient, non-toxic cookware. If you’re new to cooking with cast iron, you need to know how to shop for and season your cookware. And, for cooking in general, it helps to have lists of ingredient and measurement equivalencies as well as ideas for spicing up your recipes in general. <i>Cast-Iron Cooking For Dummies</i> gives you all that and more.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9542,"name":"Tracy L. Barr","slug":"tracy-barr","description":"Tracy Barr has been an editor, editorial manager, writer, and consultant on several Dummies books.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9542"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33848,"title":"Food Prep Tools","slug":"food-prep-tools","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33848"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":201484,"title":"How to Make Your Cast Iron Last","slug":"how-to-make-your-cast-iron-last","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201484"}},{"articleId":201463,"title":"Aebleskiver (Danish Pancake Balls)","slug":"aebleskiver-danish-pancake-balls","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201463"}},{"articleId":201407,"title":"How to Make Fried Chicken in a Cast Iron Pan","slug":"how-to-make-fried-chicken-in-a-cast-iron-pan","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201407"}},{"articleId":201380,"title":"How to Make Chicken Marsala","slug":"how-to-make-chicken-marsala","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201380"}},{"articleId":200753,"title":"Blueberry French Toast Cobbler","slug":"blueberry-french-toast-cobbler","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200753"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":202284,"title":"How Cookware Affects Nutrients in Your Food — and Your Health","slug":"how-cookware-affects-nutrients-in-your-food-and-your-health","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/202284"}},{"articleId":201484,"title":"How to Make Your Cast Iron Last","slug":"how-to-make-your-cast-iron-last","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201484"}},{"articleId":201463,"title":"Aebleskiver (Danish Pancake Balls)","slug":"aebleskiver-danish-pancake-balls","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201463"}},{"articleId":201453,"title":"Basic Cooking Equipment","slug":"basic-cooking-equipment","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201453"}},{"articleId":201407,"title":"How to Make Fried Chicken in a Cast Iron Pan","slug":"how-to-make-fried-chicken-in-a-cast-iron-pan","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201407"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282061,"slug":"cast-iron-cooking-for-dummies","isbn":"9780764537141","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0764537148/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/0764537148/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/0764537148-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0764537148/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/0764537148/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/cast-iron-cooking-for-dummies-cover-9780764537141-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Cast Iron Cooking For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"9542\">Tracy Barr</b> is the coauthor of <b><i>Adoption For Dummies</i></b> and <b><i>Latin For Dummies.</i></b><b data-author-id=\"9542\"> Lodge Manufacturing</b> is America's oldest family-owned cookware manufacturer and the sole domestic cast-iron cookware foundry. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9542,"name":"Tracy L. Barr","slug":"tracy-barr","description":"Tracy Barr has been an editor, editorial manager, writer, and consultant on several Dummies books.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9542"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;cooking-baking&quot;,&quot;food-prep-tools&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780764537141&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6269d9425e6a3\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;cooking-baking&quot;,&quot;food-prep-tools&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780764537141&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6269d9425f009\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":195582,"title":"How to Shop for Cast-Iron Pans","slug":"how-to-shop-for-cast-iron-pans","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195582"}},{"articleId":195583,"title":"How to Season Cast-Iron Pans","slug":"how-to-season-cast-iron-pans","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195583"}},{"articleId":195579,"title":"Spice and Herb Suggestions for Cast-Iron Cooking","slug":"spice-and-herb-suggestions-for-cast-iron-cooking","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195579"}},{"articleId":195580,"title":"Common Ingredient Substitutions for Cast-Iron Cooking","slug":"common-ingredient-substitutions-for-cast-iron-cooking","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195580"}},{"articleId":195581,"title":"Equivalent Measures for Cast-Iron Cooking","slug":"equivalent-measures-for-cast-iron-cooking","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","cooking-baking","food-prep-tools"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195581"}}],"content":[{"title":"How to shop for cast-iron pans","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Before you cook with cast-iron pans, you have to shop for cast-iron pans. You may find your pots at a garage sale, farm auction, or antique store, but no matter where you find your cast iron, pay attention to the following features:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Uniform thickness of sides and bottom with no dips and valleys. </b>Also avoid pieces that are warped. Dips, valleys, and any warping means that the pan is unsuitable for cooking.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Surface free of discoloration, blotches, and paint spots. </b>Discoloration and blotches indicate that the metallurgy is suspect. Paint spots may signal that the iron has been repaired with epoxy. Also be sure that the surface is free from pits, chips, cracks, and scratches.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Manufacturer’s logos: </b>American-made cast iron from now-defunct companies (specifically Wagner and Griswold) are collector’s items. The Lodge Manufacturing Company, the oldest family-owned U.S. producer of cast-iron cookware, puts the Lodge logo on every cast-iron piece that it manufactures.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Restoring possibilities: </b>If you want to be able to cook in secondhand cast iron, you need to be able to refurbish it to cooking condition. Be sure that any imperfections don’t render the pan unusable for cooking and that you’re willing to work to repair it.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"How to season cast-iron pans","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Seasoning cast iron is simple and essential. A well-seasoned cast-iron pan provides a cooking surface manufactured, non-stick coatings can only dream about. To season your cast-iron cookware, follow these steps:</p>\n<ol class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Wash the new pan with soap and water to remove protective coating.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Wipe the thin layer of vegetable oil on all the pan surfaces, including the sides, handle, lid, and so on.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Place in a 350-degree oven for 1 hour; then let cool in the oven.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<p class=\"Remember \">Don’t wash the good seasoning away with soap. To clean your cast-iron cookware, scrape off any stuck-on food, rinse, and dry.</p>\n"},{"title":"Spice and herb suggestions for cast-iron cooking","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The fact that your cast-iron cookware is seasoned doesn’t mean that it imparts any flavor — far from it. However, you can change the taste of a dish you cook in cast iron — or any pot or pan — with herbs and spices. The following list recommends some fun spices and herbs that introduce some extra flavor in the accompanying foods.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Allspice:</strong> Beef roasts, pork, potato soups, and oyster stews</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Basil:</strong> Beef, pork, fish, shellfish, fried chicken, clam chowder, beef stew, green beans, and squash</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Chili powder:</strong> Shrimp, fried chicken, and beef stew</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Cinnamon:</strong> Ham, pork, stewed chicken, carrots, and sweet potatoes</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Cloves:</strong> Corned beef, ham, fish, roast chicken, baked beans, bean soup, carrots, squash, and sweet potatoes</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Ginger:</strong> Beef roast, chicken, and duck, baked beans, rice dishes, seafood, bean soup, carrots, and squash</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Nutmeg:</strong> Pot roast, fried chicken, beans, and carrots</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Oregano:</strong> Swiss steak, veal, chicken, pheasant, fish, shellfish, and stews</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Sage:</strong> Pork, veal, chicken, turkey, duck, stew, squash, biscuits, and cornbread</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Thyme:</strong> Roasts (all types), clam chowder, stew, carrots, green beans, potatoes, biscuits, and cornbread</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"Remember\">Start out using just a little bit of the spice and add more as you go.</p>\n"},{"title":"Common ingredient substitutions for cast-iron cooking","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>You’re elbow-deep in a recipe specially chosen for your new cast-iron pan and discover you’re missing a key ingredient. It’s a common scenario — you don’t always have exactly what a recipe calls for or the time to run to the store to get it. The following table shows substitutions you can use in a pinch:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>What You Need</th>\n<th>What You Can Use Instead</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Allspice, 1 teaspoon ground</td>\n<td>1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon plus 1/2 teaspoon ground<br />\ncloves</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Apple juice</td>\n<td>Equal measure of white grape juice or white wine</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Baking powder, 1 tablespoon</td>\n<td>1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Buttermilk, 1 cup</td>\n<td>1 cup plain yogurt</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chocolate, 1 ounce unsweetened</td>\n<td>3 tablespoons cocoa plus 1 tablespoon oil</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cornstarch, 1 tablespoon</td>\n<td>2 tablespoons flour</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Egg, 1 whole</td>\n<td>2 egg yolks plus 1 tablespoon water</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flour, 1 cup all-purpose flour</td>\n<td>1 cup plus 2 tablespoons cake flour</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flour, 1 cup cake</td>\n<td>1 cup all-purpose flour minus 2 tablespoons</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flour, 1 cup self-rising</td>\n<td>1 cup all purpose flour, 1 teaspoon baking powder, plus 1/2<br />\nteaspoon salt</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Garlic powder, 1/8 teaspoon</td>\n<td>1 clove glove</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Garlic, 1 clove</td>\n<td>1/8 teaspoon garlic powder or minced, dried garlic</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Herbs, 1 tablespoon chopped fresh</td>\n<td>1 teaspoon dried herbs or 1/4 teaspoon powdered herbs</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Herbs, 1 teaspoon dried</td>\n<td>1 tablespoon chopped fresh herbs</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Honey, 1 cup</td>\n<td>1 1/4 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Marsala, 1/4 cup</td>\n<td>1/4 cup dry white wine plus 1 teaspoon brandy</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Milk, 1 cup fresh whole</td>\n<td>1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sherry, 2 tablespoons</td>\n<td>1 to 2 teaspoons vanilla extract</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sugar, 1 cup powdered</td>\n<td>1 cup sugar plus 1 tablespoon cornstarch, mixed in blender</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vanilla extract, 1 to 2 teaspoons</td>\n<td>2 tablespoons sherry or bourbon</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Wine, 1/4 cup or more white</td>\n<td>Equal measure of white grape juice or apple juice</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yogurt, 1 cup plain</td>\n<td>1 cup buttermilk</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Equivalent measures for cast-iron cooking","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When you adjust recipes as you cook with cast iron or other types of cookware, it helps to know measurement equivalents so that you can divide or double ingredients accurately. The following table lists some measurement equivalents:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>This</th>\n<th>Equals This</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3 teaspoons</td>\n<td>1 tablespoon</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 tablespoon</td>\n<td>3 teaspoons</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4 tablespoons</td>\n<td>1/4 cup</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5 1/3 tablespoons</td>\n<td>1/3 cup</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1/4 cup</td>\n<td>4 tablespoons</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1/3 cup</td>\n<td>5 1/3 tablespoons</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2 cups</td>\n<td>1 pint</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4 cups</td>\n<td>1 quart</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4 quarts</td>\n<td>1 gallon</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 pint</td>\n<td>2 cups</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 quart</td>\n<td>4 cups</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 gallon</td>\n<td>4 quarts</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-27T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":209431}],"_links":{"self":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809/categoryArticles?sortField=time&sortOrder=1&size=10&offset=0"},"next":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809/categoryArticles?sortField=time&sortOrder=1&size=10&offset=10"},"last":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809/categoryArticles?sortField=time&sortOrder=1&size=10&offset=7002"}}},"objectTitle":"","status":"success","pageType":"article-category","objectId":"33809","page":1,"sortField":"time","sortOrder":1,"categoriesIds":[],"articleTypes":[],"filterData":{"categoriesFilter":[{"itemId":0,"itemName":"All Categories","count":7009},{"itemId":33810,"itemName":"Antiques & Collectibles","count":11},{"itemId":33813,"itemName":"Automotive","count":121},{"itemId":33825,"itemName":"Crafts","count":492},{"itemId":33839,"itemName":"Food & Drink","count":2271},{"itemId":33884,"itemName":"Games","count":385},{"itemId":33916,"itemName":"Garden & Green Living","count":501},{"itemId":33933,"itemName":"Hobby Farming","count":477},{"itemId":33939,"itemName":"Home Improvement & Appliances","count":517},{"itemId":33962,"itemName":"Home Ownership & Renting","count":53},{"itemId":33963,"itemName":"Magic","count":5},{"itemId":33964,"itemName":"Pets","count":587},{"itemId":33992,"itemName":"Photography","count":1099},{"itemId":34001,"itemName":"Sports & Recreation","count":468},{"itemId":34037,"itemName":"Travel","count":22}],"articleTypeFilter":[{"articleType":"All Types","count":7009},{"articleType":"Articles","count":6163},{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","count":273},{"articleType":"Step by Step","count":479},{"articleType":"Videos","count":94}]},"filterDataLoadedStatus":"success","pageSize":10},"adsState":{"pageScripts":{"headers":{"timestamp":"2022-05-16T12:59:10+00:00"},"adsId":0,"data":{"scripts":[{"pages":["all"],"location":"header","script":"<!--Optimizely Script-->\r\n<script src=\"https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/10563184655.js\"></script>","enabled":false},{"pages":["all"],"location":"header","script":"<!-- comScore Tag -->\r\n<script>var _comscore = _comscore || [];_comscore.push({ c1: \"2\", c2: \"15097263\" });(function() {var s = document.createElement(\"script\"), el = document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\")[0]; s.async = true;s.src = (document.location.protocol == \"https:\" ? 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7,012 results
General (Photography) 10 Tips for Taking Better Photos

Article / Updated 05-16-2022

Have you ever looked through the photos you shot during a vacation or important family get-together and wished you had better pictures to frame, share online, or use in a photo book? For example, that really cool picture you took of your husband in front of the Eiffel Tower? Not so cool after all. You can’t really see him; he’s way too small in the frame. And in another shot, he has horns sticking out of his head because of some strange, unidentifiable object in the background. It's frustrating when you end up with less-than-ideal pictures. But you can improve your photo-taking skills by incorporating a few simple techniques. Give the following tips a try. Pay attention to the whole frame As illustrated above (the horns), it’s important to pay attention to the entire frame of your photo when you’re getting ready to click the shutter button. Whether you’re using a smartphone or something fancier, what’s around your main subject and in the background matters. You might have to change your position, your camera angle, or wait a few seconds, but it will be worth the trouble. Fill the frame This tip is related to the last one because it’s also about paying attention to the entire frame of your photo. One of the best pieces of advice for better photos is to get closer to your subject and fill the frame with it, or them. The photo above shows an example of this. The photographer moved up close to the woman and filled the frame with her and the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Dummies.com has many articles and books on photography, including lots of books on specific cameras. Identify your focal point and compose around it Before you snap a picture, first, identify your focal point, or main subject. It could be a person, a fountain, a tree, a building , or anything you’re interested in. Then, compose your shot with that focal point in mind. Even in scenes where a main subject isn’t obvious, try to identify something. For example, in a busy outdoor market, is there an interesting person or eye-catching tapestry you could use as your focal point? In the photo above, the photographer noticed the wacky shaped, bright-colored peppers and chose them as the focal point. If the photographer had stood way back and shot more of an overview of the scene, with nothing in particular as the main subject, the result would have been a much less interesting picture. The photographer also chose a fairly shallow depth of field to blur the background. This further emphasizes the focal point, while also showing the environment. Use the rule of thirds Often, if we don’t take a moment to consider composition, we end up placing our main subject right in the center of the frame. The result, most of the time , is a boring photo. You can significantly improve your photos by using the rule of thirds when you compose your shot. The rule of thirds is not complicated. Basically, it says you will achieve better results by placing your main subject off-center. Imagine a grid (see image above) over your viewfinder (on many cameras and smartphones, this is an option you can actually turn on) and place your subject on or near one of the points where the grid lines intersect. As you can see in the image of the golden retriever above, the dog’s head is near one of these imaginary points. This photo would be far less dramatic if the dog was placed right in the center of the frame. The rule of thirds is really more of a guideline. There are many examples of beautiful photographs featuring the main subjects in the center of the frame (the one below, for example). This decision, like so many aspects of photography, is an artistic one. Where is the light coming from? Take note of where the light source is, whether you’re indoors or outdoors. For example, if you take a photo of a person with the sun coming from behind them, it’s likely their face will be darkened and they might appear silhouetted. This is because your camera’s light meter is trying to simultaneously deal with the very bright and very dark areas in the scene. That’s not to say that shooting toward the sun is wrong. Many photographers do this intentionally for artistic effect, which requires a bit of technical know-how and some experimentation. Also, pay attention to whether there are harsh shadows falling across your main subject. Try changing the angle of the shot by moving yourself or the subject, if possible. Meter the light on your main subject Digital single lens reflex (DSLR) , and others, include different ways to measure light coming into the lens to ensure a good exposure — meaning the picture will not end up too dark or too light. Make sure you are measuring the amount of light on your main subject. Even smartphones allow you to do this by tapping a specific area of the image on the screen. The point on the screen you tap is where the phone’s camera will measure the light. It will then adjust the exposure for that point rather than trying to balance the exposure for the entire scene, which can result in your main subject looking too dark or light. Try playing with this on your phone, and you will soon understand how to make it work for you. Keep your camera level and hands steady This tip may seem obvious, but we all sometimes forget to do these two simple things when we’re shooting photos. You can easily ruin what would have been a great shot simply by not holding steady and making sure you have your horizon straight. Look for leading lines and patterns In photography, leading lines are shapes in the scene that help lead a viewer’s eyes to your focal point. These could be train tracks, a line of trees or lampposts, a fence, buildings, or even shadows. You can also look for other elements, such as shapes and colors, that make patterns in a scene to add interest to your photo. Many times, if you look carefully, you can find ways to frame your main subject with other elements in the scene. For example, a rowboat just offshore in a lake could be framed by the trees on the shoreline. In the photo above, the photographer saw an opportunity to frame the subject with the arched window. Try a different angle For fun, try framing your subject with a different angle. In the photo above, a different perspective, shooting up toward the statue’s face, and using the architecture on the ceiling to frame the head, creates a much more interesting picture than it would have been just shooting this static subject from farther back and straight on. (Note: Home page image by Dylan Hargraves, Unsplash.com)

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Football Football Coaching Geared to Kids of Different Ages

Article / Updated 05-04-2022

Part of your responsibility when coaching football is knowing and understanding what to expect — both physically and emotionally — from youngsters who play the game at a particular age level. Coaching kids ages 6 and under Children in this age bracket have probably never played football before, and this season may very well be their first experience in an organized team setting. Your job is simply to introduce them to some of football's most basic elements and whet their appetite for future participation. Children at this age generally aren't concerned about how their football skills compare to those of others on the team. These kids are primarily interested in being with friends and having fun learning and playing the sport. Football players between ages 7–9 Youngsters at this age become interested in mastering some of the basics of the sport. They crave feedback from coaches and parents on how they perform certain skills and how they're progressing with new ones. They begin noticing their teammates' abilities and skill levels. When coaches verbally recognize one of their peers for properly executing a skill, they want to earn that same feedback. The desire to compete carries much more prominence for some youngsters in this age range than for others. Children who have older siblings may be particularly competitive, because they've watched their brothers compete in football or other sports, and the younger siblings are finally getting their turn to display their skills. Playing football at ages 10–12 More than likely, these children have had some experience playing football in the past and are continuing because it's piqued their interest. Keep the positive momentum going by adding to their foundation of skills. Fuel their desire to continue playing by conducting practices that are both challenging and fun. Quite often, sports take on added importance at this juncture in kids' lives, and some of them really want to do well. As children hit this age range, many become more competitive. They begin embracing the challenge of putting their skills to the test and enjoy competing against others their age. When they're able to help the team prevail, these players feel immense satisfaction accompanied by a unique feeling of accomplishment that's specific to the wonderful world of football. Coaching youngsters between ages 13–14 Welcome to the challenging world of the teenager! These kids have already developed many of the basic skills needed to play the sport and now want to improve them. Be aware that children at this age are typically searching for their personal identity, so try getting to know them on a personal level by asking who their favorite football players or football teams are. Of course, this tip is great for building good coach-player bonds with kids of all ages. Reaching players who are ages 15 and above Gaining the respect of your players is always important to your coaching success, and that's particularly true when coaching kids ages 15 and older. These teens have developed a real passion for the sport. They attend football camps, perhaps lift weights year-round in preparation for the season, and in some cases, may actually be more knowledgeable in some areas of the sport than you are. If you volunteer or get recruited to coach this age group, don't panic! Instead, welcome the chance to enhance your coaching abilities and embrace the opportunity to coach these kids, who have a deep-rooted love for the game. Be sure to let them know that you value their opinions, suggestions, and input regarding the team. A youngster's passion for football is wonderful, and that enthusiasm actually helps make your job easier.

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Beer Unusual Beer Styles and Great Beer Brands to Try at Least Once

Article / Updated 05-04-2022

Most beer drinkers tend to drink just a couple different beer styles without straying too far off the beaten path. But to fully understand and appreciate the wider spectrum of beer styles, here are a few types of beers that every beer drinker should taste at least once: Belgian Fruit Lambic: Well-aged ale with surprising, effusive fruit aroma and taste; intoxicating fragrance Doppelbock: Strong, dark, and caramel-like Bock Beer with two times the flavor and body of Bock (doppel your pleasure, doppel your fun) Imperial Stout: Dark, rich, and creamy Stout with complex grain flavors; a brew to chew Rauchbier: Oktoberfest beer made with a portion of beechwood-smoked malt; delicious and unique but takes somewhat of an acquired taste (great with smoked cheese or sausage) Witbier: Perfumy Belgian Wheat Beer made with orange rind and coriander seed; like nothing else in the beer world Certain brands of beer have become synonymous with distinctly different flavor profiles. The following short list includes some of the more famous brands along with a couple others that are still cultivating a following. True beer lovers should taste all of them at least once. Guinness Stout (Ireland): Dark, dry, smooth, and roasty, with a creamy head; the perfect sipping pint Pilsner Urquell (Czech Republic): Crisp and hoppy with a touch of malty sweetness; the original, classic Pilsner beer Rodenbach Grand Cru (Belgium): Sharply sour but refreshing, with fresh fruity notes; beer masquerading as Burgundy wine Samichlaus (Austria): Incredibly malty-rich and spirited; a terrific tipple for the Christmas holidays Samuel Adams Utopias (United States): Throat-warming malt complexity with hints of oak, like no beer you’ve ever had; that’s why you sip it like a brandy

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Fishing 10 Fun Ways to Get Kids Fishing

Article / Updated 05-04-2022

Fishing trips should be fun for all involved. Here are some tips to help you make every trip a winner for kids. Kids need to be introduced to fishing the right way. Ever notice that almost every adult has a memory of going fishing as a child? Ever notice how many adults have a single, lone, solitary childhood fishing memory? Why is that? Why do some kids only go fishing one time? There are three big reasons why kids fail to get hooked on fishing: No one has fun! If a trip fails to generate excitement, no one involved will want to repeat the experience. Often, this means no fish were caught. Or maybe the weather ruined the trip, creating unpleasant memories. Kids don’t have access to a place where fishing can occur. Fishing isn’t something to be limited to one place, one time per year. But if kids don’t have a fishy habitat close to their homes, it’s hard to get too interested in it. Some kids don’t get to fish often, even if they are intrigued, simply because there is no one around to take them. Of all the reasons preventing kids from getting hooked on fishing, this is the saddest. Like so many things involving kids, getting them interested in things is often easier said than done. Some of you are no doubt thinking, "The kids I know are more interested in their phones and video games than they are in doing anything outside." But let’s not despair. Boys and girls have been getting excited about fishing since the first cane pole was cut. This hobby will still work for the kids you know today. Although there are some risks — there’s no kid-friendly hook — fishing can be one of the best ways to get youngsters outdoors. What better way to interest kids in biology than to take them somewhere where they can get their feet wet? Fishing can be a kid’s gateway into the natural world and all it has to offer. (The natural world is closer to you than you think, regardless of where you live!) And it’s a great way to create funny and exciting memories. After all, in 20 years, no one wants to tell (or hear) the story about a childhood spent playing video games. Plan (and pack) for success, not failure Let’s face it: Some kid fishing trips are bummers because the adults set the trip up for failure. Watch the weather forecast first! If Saturday’s forecast includes a chance of thunderstorms, and Sunday looks clear, why not fish on Sunday? When kids are just starting to fish, a little patience in planning goes a long way. Make every effort to go when the weather is working for you, not against you. Pack the right clothing. Pack a change of clothes. (Then you can relax if they get the first set dirty and wet.) Throw some snacks and drinks in a cooler. Throw in more than you think they’ll need. No one has fun if they are hungry, cold, or thirsty. Plan on assisting the kids in their fishing efforts, and don’t plan on fishing yourself. You can better help kids if your hands are free. Help form them into anglers now, so you can fish alongside them later. Tap into bluegill mania Bluegills are the universal “first fish.” They are widespread, found in almost every pond in America, and they happen to be willing to bite almost every day. Chances are, there’s a bluegill swimming within a 30-minute drive of where you are right now. Bluegills also school and seem to be attracted to fishing activity. Find a dock or a sunny cove and cast bits of earthworm or wax worms on small hooks. Bluegills love taking baits suspended under floats, which gives kids something to watch, and these small fish tussle quite hard when hooked. Catching one bluegill seldom spooks the others in the area, either. Just watch the sharp dorsal spines after you land them. (With practice, you can hold these spines down with the heel of your hand.) Make bait fun Livebait fishing works for kids because it works for the fish. If fish are around, they’ll take a livebait they are used to eating. Make the act of gathering natural bait part of the adventure. Gathering worms, setting minnow traps, and catching grasshoppers or crayfish might be more enjoyable to kids than the act of fishing. Let it be. The trick is handling the life and death issues connected to livebait. Gage your child’s reaction and respond accordingly. You might need to release one bait (where legal) for every one you use. Usually, though, kids handle this part better than we think they will. If your child is not comfortable at all with using livebait, use store-bought baits instead. Many kinds of fish can be caught on corn, shrimp, or pieces of hot dog. Get gear that works Fishing poles with cartoon characters work great to get kids excited about fishing, but a super short rod makes it tough to set the hook. (If you don’t believe me, try fishing with one yourself.) You want kids to actually catch fish, not just see them bite. Experiment with circle hooks, which eliminate the need to set the hook (you just hold the rod steady until the fish hooks itself). And whether you use circle or J hooks, cast sharp, small hooks that penetrate quickly. And think about replacing that short cartoon rod with one about five feet long. It’s slightly harder to handle, but it makes it easier to hook and land fish. Burn up a spinner My kids quickly became good casters with their small spincast reels and five-foot rods. We practiced in the yard, and then went fishing with worms and bobbers. But the boys didn’t like waiting for the bobber to dip—they wanted to continue casting. They wanted to cast, and they wanted to reel … fast. The solution? I tied Worden’s Rooster Tails on their lines. Developed in the 1950s by Howard Worden, these classic in-line spinners can be cast and retrieved quickly, and the faster you reel, the more the small blade spins and flashes. Bass, crappie, and bluegill love these lures, and the fish usually hook themselves while attacking the spinner. Get a 1/16-or 1/8-ounce Rooster Tail and let your young fishing buddy start casting. (The Mepps Aglia is another fine choice.) Canoe or kayak into the local wilderness For kids old enough to be comfortable in a small boat, there’s no better way to spend a Saturday than to paddle a quiet stretch of the local stream. Even near major metropolitan areas, small rivers and streams tend to remain wild because building is often prohibited in the floodplain. You’ll be amazed at the wildlife you can spot, and you should catch some really nice fish, too. Boredom is seldom an issue because you’re always able to paddle on down the river. You can often rent canoes or kayaks from liveries near small rivers, so check online. Chum up carp Check your local laws, but most states allow you to chum for fish. This practice involves placing an attractant in an area to lure fish. For sharks, chum consists of blood and ground-up fish. For Common carp (not the invasive Asian carp, which are filter feeders), it involves a handful of canned sweet corn. Heat a can of corn in a saucepan over the stove, adding a bit of maple syrup and Kool-Aid (any flavor will do — but red flavors are my favorite). When you get to the lake or stream, toss a handful of corn out as far as you can. Then bait a hook with several kernels of corn and cast into the same area. Hold on! Carp come to the corn and then feed ravenously. Carp fight hard, so don’t let them pull the rod into the water! Carp can tolerate warmer water, even if it’s mildly polluted. While it’s sad that some waters are polluted, this does mean that carp are close to almost every angler in America. Try fish camping Fishing and camping go together like football and tailgating. Too often, fishing time is defined by the trip there and the departure. Setting up camp near a likely fishing spot removes the pressure. Like Nick Adams in Hemingway's “Big Two-Hearted River,” you can relax and enjoy the fishing. For kids, a campsite means a campfire, marshmallows, flashlights, tents, and snuggly sleeping bags. Camping while fishing makes the fishing part of the adventure — not the whole adventure itself. Crank up tourney time It’s quite possible that kids are too competitive these days. Still, catching fish naturally leads to some good-natured competition. Who caught the most fish? The biggest? I see nothing wrong with a little tournament action during an afternoon’s fishing session. After all, unlike sports such as soccer, fishing might favor the quiet, contemplative kids that care less about active sports. Fishing is a great equalizer in that way. Bass pros compete for million-dollar purses — I recommend prizes like a new tackle box or a fishing hat. Go night fishing Night fishing is more challenging, potentially risky, and more frustrating than daytime fishing. Seems like the exact opposite of what a kid needs. True, but night fishing is also absolutely enchanting. The world, quite literally, changes. Exposing experienced kids to night fishing is like opening the door to another world. You should not attempt to take a kid night fishing until you’re an expert yourself, but being outside at night is something a kid never forgets. This might be ideal for a young person who thinks he or she is too cool or jaded for daytime bluegill fishing.

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Lawn Care How to Mow a Lawn the Right Way

Article / Updated 05-04-2022

How to mow a lawn or grass the right way is one of the most important practices in keeping your lawn healthy. Grasses are like most plants — if you clip off the growing points (for grass, it's in the crown, where the new leaves develop), the plants branch out and become denser, which in this case, turns thousands of individual grass plants into a tightly woven turf or a lawn. If you didn't mow at all, your yard would look more like a prairie than a lawn. But the mere act of mowing isn't what makes a lawn look good. Mowing height and mowing frequency determine how healthy and attractive your lawn looks. After all, cutting a lawn is stressful for the grass. The leaves make the food for the roots — and how would you like it if someone kept cutting off your food? Height does count when you mow a lawn Most grasses have a range of recommended mowing heights. Stay at the upper end of that range when the lawn is under stressful conditions, such as hot weather or drought, or if you have a shady lawn. In cooler weather, you can cut the grass a little lower. Follow the one-third rule. For a thriving lawn, never cut away more than one-third of the grass blade in any one mowing. If the grass "gets ahead of you" because of wet weather or your busy schedule, move up the cutting height of your mower to the highest possible setting and mow. If clippings are too long and heavy, even at that cutting height, catch them with the bagging unit or clean up after mowing with a leaf rake. Then move the cutting height back to your normal range and cut the lawn again a few days after that first mowing. Table 1 shows suggested mowing heights for different grass types. Table 1: Ideal Mowing Heights Grass type Height Bahia grass; fescue, tall; blue grama; buffalo grass 2 to 3 inches Bent grass 1/4 to 1 inch Bermuda grass, common 3/4 to 1-1/2 inches Bermuda grass, hybrid 1/2 to 1 inch Centipede grass; zoysia grass* 1 to 2 inches Fescue, fine; St. Augustine grass 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 inches Kentucky bluegrass 1-3/4 to 2-1/2 inches Ryegrass, annual and perennial 1-1/2 to 2 inches *You can mow some newer, dwarf varieties lower. Edging and trimming are the finishing touches of mowing, kind of like getting a shave after you've had a haircut. Edging and trimming are pretty close to being the same thing. Some tools are called edgers because they're designed to trim the lawn along a hard surface like a driveway or sidewalk. Edgers cut a nice clean edge, but leave some dirt and grass debris that you need to clean up. On the other hand, you can use trimmers anywhere — along a hard surface, in tight spaces, next to planting beds, and so on. Trimmers also leave some clippings on paths and driveways that you need to sweep up. Never put grass clippings in a plastic bag and send them off to the dump. (In some areas, sending grass clippings to the dump is illegal.) Grass clippings are valuable organic matter, chock-full of nitrogen and other nutrients. As long as you mow often enough to remove no more than one third of the grass blade, the easiest thing to do is just to leave clippings on the lawn. The pieces break down quickly and reduce the amount of fertilizer you have to use by as much as 25 percent. And research has proven that the clippings don't cause thatch to build up. Lawn mowing safety when you mow a lawn Every year, hundreds, maybe even thousands, of people get injured when using lawn mowers. Power lawn mowers can be dangerous even when used properly. Be proactive when it comes to safety and follow these tips to avoid injuries: Know the equipment. Read the owner's manual. Become familiar with all the safety features and don't disconnect any of them. Keep all nuts and bolts properly tightened. Never pull a walking mower. Check the lawn before mowing and wear proper clothing. Pick up any rocks or debris. Heavy shoes and long pants provide the best protection from flying debris. If you're using a reel mower, don't wear loose clothing. Protect your hearing. Doing yard work can get pretty noisy. In addition to the lawn mower, high-decibel noise comes from trimmers, edgers, and blowers. Use earplugs or earmuff-type hearing protection. Keep pets and children away from the lawn as you mow. Don't let children operate a lawn mower unless they're strong enough, responsible, and understand all the operating and safety features. Even then, supervise them. Never give a young child a ride on a ride-on mower. Sudden stops, flying objects, or an excited child can spell disaster. Be careful when fueling. Stop the mower and let the engine cool for 10 minutes before fueling. Never fill the tank with the mower on the lawn. Avoid spills by using a gas can with an adequate pouring spout. Clean up spills immediately and put the used rags in a covered metal can. (Gasoline-soaked rags are a fire hazard.) Turn off the mower. Never leave the mower running unattended, or work on a motor that is running. Turn off the power when you cross nongrass areas. Be careful on hills. Steep slopes are always dangerous because a mower can flip over or go out of control. Plant a ground cover other than turf in these areas. On gentle slopes, mow across the slope, not up and down. Use a walk-behind mower. Lawn mowers — a tree's worst enemy Repeatedly banging a mower against a tree trunk or whipping it senseless with a weed whip each week can seriously damage the bark and the sensitive tissues underneath. The damage can restrict the growth of young trees to the point where the base of the trunk is so weak and girdled that the tree just snaps off in the slightest wind. To protect the tree, leave a ring of grassless soil at least 3 feet wide around the trunk. Put in a nice brick or stone edging around the outside. Better yet, cover the open soil with a thick layer (3 to 6 inches deep) of organic mulch, such as compost or bark. (Keep the mulch a few inches away from the base of the tree.) You can also go to a garden center to buy trunk protectors, plastic sleeves that encircle the trunk, if you have to have the grass right up against the tree.

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