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He has written numerous SPSS courses and trained thousands of users. <b><b data-author-id=\"9106\">Keith McCormick</b></b> has been all over the world training and consulting in all things SPSS, statistics, and data mining. He now authors courses on the LinkedIn Learning platform and coaches executives on how to effectively manage their analytics teams.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9107,"name":"Jesus Salcedo","slug":"jesus-salcedo","description":"<b>Jesus Salcedo</b> is an independent statistical and data-mining consultant who has been using SPSS products for more than 25 years. He has written numerous SPSS courses and trained thousands of users.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9107"}},{"authorId":9106,"name":"Keith McCormick","slug":"keith-mccormick","description":"<b>Keith McCormick</b> has been all over the world training and consulting in all things SPSS, statistics, and data mining. 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Different projects will require different types of data preparation, so there is no prescribed sequence in which data preparation tasks should be undertaken.</p>\n<p>The following table lists some of the most common data preparation tasks, along with the SPSS submenu that will help you with these data preparation activity.</p>\n<p><strong>Data and Transform Menu Procedures</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\"><strong>Activity</strong></td>\n<td width=\"201\"><strong>Submenu(s)</strong></td>\n<td width=\"238\"><strong>Useful For</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Selecting a subset of cases</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Select Cases or Split File</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Running an analysis on only a portion of the data (such as customers who live in a particular region)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Identifying unusual cases</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Identify Unusual Cases or Sort Cases</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Sorting cases in ascending or descending order based on the values of one or more variables to view extreme cases</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Removing duplicate cases</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Identify Duplicate Cases</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Identifying an individual who appears several times in the same dataset</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Recoding data values</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Recode into Different Variables or Recode into the Same Variable (not recommended)</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Modifying a 7-point customer satisfaction survey into the responses (negative, neutral, or positive) after data inspection</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Combining data files</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Merge Files Add Cases or Merge Files Add Variables</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Combining data that is kept in different locations but must be combined before data analysis can begin</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Creating new variables</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Compute Variable</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Extracting additional information or insight from the variables originally in the dataset</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Counting occurrences</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Count Values within Cases</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Counting how often something of interest occurs</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Calculating with date and time variables</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Data and Time Wizard</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Calculating the amount of time that has passed between time points</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Transforming string to numeric values</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Automatic Recode</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Modifying string variables so they can be used in more analyses</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Creating groups from continuous data</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Visual Binning</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Creating groups out of scale variables (income groups from income)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Calculating summaries across cases</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Aggregate</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Creating the appropriate level of analysis for the data (taking transactional data so it can be analyzed at the customer level)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Changing the structure of the data file</td>\n<td width=\"201\">Restructure or Transpose</td>\n<td width=\"238\">Useful for making variables into cases or cases into variables</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n"},{"title":"Effects of measurement level","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The level of measurement of a variable determines the appropriate summary statistics and graphs to describe data. The following table summarizes the most common summary measures and graphs for each measurement level.</p>\n<p><strong>Level of Measurement</strong></p>\n<table width=\"624\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">&nbsp;</td>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Nominal</strong></td>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Ordinal</strong></td>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Scale</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Definition</strong></td>\n<td width=\"156\">Unordered categories</td>\n<td width=\"156\">Ordered categories</td>\n<td width=\"156\">Numeric values</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Examples</strong></td>\n<td width=\"156\">Gender, geographic location, job category</td>\n<td width=\"156\">Satisfaction ratings, income groups, ranking of preferences</td>\n<td width=\"156\">Number of purchases, cholesterol level, age</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Measures of central tendency</strong></td>\n<td width=\"156\">Mode</td>\n<td width=\"156\">Median</td>\n<td width=\"156\">Median or mean</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Measures of dispersion</strong></td>\n<td width=\"156\">None</td>\n<td width=\"156\">Min/max/range</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</td>\n<td width=\"156\">Min/max/range,</p>\n<p>Standard deviation/ variance</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Graph</strong></td>\n<td width=\"156\">Pie or bar</td>\n<td width=\"156\">Bar</td>\n<td width=\"156\">Histogram or box and whiskers plot</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The prior table showed how level of measurement determines the type of graph you can use to display individual variables. The following table shows which types of graphs are appropriate for different variable combinations.</p>\n<p><strong>Graphs for Variable Combinations</strong></p>\n<table width=\"624\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\">&nbsp;</td>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>Categorical Dependent</strong></td>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>Scale Dependent</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>Categorical Independent</strong></td>\n<td width=\"208\">Clustered bar or paneled pie</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Error bar or boxplot</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>Scale Independent</strong></td>\n<td width=\"208\">Error bar or boxplot</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Scatter plot</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Reviewing the data file for the first time in SPSS Statistics","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>After you have your data, you are ready to start exploring it and becoming familiar with its characteristics. Start by reviewing the distribution of each variable and checking the number of valid cases.</p>\n<p>When you have a categorical variable, it&#8217;s important to know the number of unique values and to make sure there are no more or fewer categories than expected. It&#8217;s important also to determine how the cases are distributed among the categories of a variable.</p>\n<p>Look for categories that have either very few or very many cases. Either situation could cause problems when analyzing the data, so you may need to exclude those values or combine them with other values (but only if it makes sense) to build a valid analysis.</p>\n<p>For continuous variables, check for unusual distributions such as bimodality or a high degree of skewness. Also look at summary statistics and note if there are any deviations from what you expect (lower minimums, higher maximums, different means, or more or less variation in the data values).</p>\n<p>Finally, you can easily spot potential problems in data that otherwise appears valid by asking a series of questions:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does the distribution of the variable make sense?</li>\n<li>Is this what you were expecting?</li>\n<li>Do you notice any errors?</li>\n<li>Do you notice any unusual values?</li>\n<li>Will you have any potential problems when analyzing this data?</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-06-02T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":299153},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2023-06-02T14:54:55+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-06-02T14:55:14+00:00","timestamp":"2023-06-02T15:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33618"},"slug":"software","categoryId":33618},{"name":"Music Recording Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34356"},"slug":"music-recording-software","categoryId":34356},{"name":"Logic Pro X","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34358"},"slug":"logic-pro-x","categoryId":34358}],"title":"Logic Pro For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"logic pro for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"logic-pro-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"These quick and easy tips, including useful keyboard commands, will help you get up to speed creating music with Logic Pro.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Logic Pro is software for music producers who compose, record, arrange, edit, and mix music. Logic Pro is fun and easy to use, and it gives you a powerful set of tools to edit and polish your music to near perfection. To efficiently capture and hone your ideas, here are some quick and easy tips for the various phases of a Logic Pro project.","description":"Logic Pro is software for music producers who compose, record, arrange, edit, and mix music. Logic Pro is fun and easy to use, and it gives you a powerful set of tools to edit and polish your music to near perfection. To efficiently capture and hone your ideas, here are some quick and easy tips for the various phases of a Logic Pro project.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9346,"name":"Graham English","slug":"graham-english","description":" <p><b>Graham English</b> is a singer&#47;songwriter, multi&#45;instrumentalist, jazz&#45;trained keyboard player, and audio expert. When he&#39;s not sharing the stage with rock and jazz greats, he trains and coaches creative professionals at Logic Studio Training and creates online training materials for aspiring songwriters at speedsongwriting.com. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9346"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34358,"title":"Logic Pro X","slug":"logic-pro-x","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34358"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34393,"title":"Other Software","slug":"other-software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34393"}},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":258859,"title":"Exploring Logic Pro Synths","slug":"exploring-logic-pro-synths","categoryList":["technology","software","music-recording-software","logic-pro-x"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/258859"}},{"articleId":258852,"title":"Logic Pro Automation: Turning Your Mix into a Performance","slug":"logic-pro-automation-turning-your-mix-into-a-performance","categoryList":["technology","software","music-recording-software","logic-pro-x"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/258852"}},{"articleId":258846,"title":"Logic Pro X Plug-Ins: Compressor, Limiter and Other Dynamic Tools","slug":"logic-pro-x-plug-ins-compressor-limiter-and-other-dynamic-tools","categoryList":["technology","software","music-recording-software","logic-pro-x"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/258846"}},{"articleId":258836,"title":"MIDI Editors in Logic Pro X","slug":"midi-editors-in-logic-pro-x","categoryList":["technology","software","music-recording-software","logic-pro-x"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/258836"}},{"articleId":258828,"title":"EXS24 Sampler in Logic Pro X","slug":"exs24-sampler-in-logic-pro-x","categoryList":["technology","software","music-recording-software","logic-pro-x"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/258828"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":298900,"slug":"logic-pro-for-dummies","isbn":"9781394162109","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1394162103/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1394162103/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1394162103-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1394162103/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1394162103/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/logic-pro-for-dummies-9781394162109-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Logic Pro For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"<p><p><b><b data-author-id=\"9346\">Graham English</b></b> is a singer&#47;songwriter, multi&#45;instrumentalist, jazz&#45;trained keyboard player, and audio expert. When he&#39;s not sharing the stage with rock and jazz greats, he trains and coaches creative professionals at Logic Studio Training and creates online training materials for aspiring songwriters at speedsongwriting.com.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9346,"name":"Graham English","slug":"graham-english","description":" <p><b>Graham English</b> is a singer&#47;songwriter, multi&#45;instrumentalist, jazz&#45;trained keyboard player, and audio expert. When he&#39;s not sharing the stage with rock and jazz greats, he trains and coaches creative professionals at Logic Studio Training and creates online training materials for aspiring songwriters at speedsongwriting.com. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9346"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;music-recording-software&quot;,&quot;logic-pro-x&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781394162109&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-647a042f516b5\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;music-recording-software&quot;,&quot;logic-pro-x&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781394162109&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-647a042f51f55\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":0,"title":"","slug":null,"categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/"}}],"content":[{"title":"Creating with a productive workflow and mindset","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Productive creators will tell you that a big part of their success depends on their creative mindset. Here are some tips for developing a productive and creative mindset:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Work in these five phases: composing, recording, arranging, editing, and mixing.</strong> It&#8217;s best to keep these phases in order because they build on each other. For example, mixing before you&#8217;ve recorded everything is like putting the roof on a house before the frame is complete.</li>\n<li><strong>Finish your projects.</strong> You&#8217;ll get a confidence boost by finishing projects that you start. Set yourself up to win by starting projects that you can complete quickly.</li>\n<li><strong>Start projects with specific purposes.</strong> Here are some examples of projects you can start:\n<ul>\n<li>Learn a tool or editor.</li>\n<li>Create a short loop, groove, or riff.</li>\n<li>Compose a full song, composition, or remix an existing song.</li>\n<li>Build a project template, preset, or patch.</li>\n<li>Collaborate with a partner or client.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Logic Pro keyboard commands","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The most important factors to consider when you&#8217;re composing with Logic Pro are speed and ease of capturing ideas. Familiarize yourself with the following commands to accelerate your composing:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Shift-Command-N or choose File&#8211;&gt;New to create a new project.</li>\n<li>Shift-Command-T or choose Track&#8211;&gt;Global Tracks&#8211;&gt;Show Tempo Track to show the tempo track.</li>\n<li>K to turn the metronome on or off.</li>\n<li>Option-Command-S or choose Track&#8211;&gt;New Software Instrument Track to create a new software instrument track.</li>\n<li>Option-Command-A or choose Track&#8211;&gt;New Audio Track to create a new audio track.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The two basic types of recording in Logic Pro are audio recording and MIDI recording. These shortcuts will help you record audio and MIDI with Logic Pro:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Control-R to enable recording on the selected track.</li>\n<li>R to begin recording.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"3 tips for arranging and editing with Logic Pro","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>After you&#8217;ve recorded your sound tracks, you can use Logic Pro to arrange and edit them to sound better. Because you can almost always find an element of your project that wants to be tweaked and edited, give yourself time limits, and don&#8217;t aim for perfection.</p>\n<p>These three tips will help you arrange and edit with Logic Pro:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Use the tracks area for arranging and coarse editing.</strong> The tracks area is capable of fine editing, so this isn&#8217;t a hard-and-fast rule, but the tracks area is ideal for arranging and has a larger scope than the audio and MIDI editors. Press Command-1 to open a new main window displaying the tracks area.</li>\n<li><strong>Use the audio and MIDI editors for fine editing.</strong> You can manipulate the smallest details of your track in the editors. Press E to display the editors.</li>\n<li><strong>Use the tools and editing menus:</strong> Editing audio and MIDI involves tools, menus, and functions. Press T to open the tools menu. Look in the Edit and Functions menus for commands to help you meet your editing needs.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Tips for sound mixing with Logic Pro","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p><em>Mixing</em> is the art of balancing tracks and manipulating sound to achieve a cohesive listening experience. Fundamental rules of audio may apply to mixing, but the subjective tastes of you and your listeners ultimately decide whether a mix is a great experience.</p>\n<p>You can quickly get good at mixing if you follow this advice:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Don&#8217;t clip the audio signal</strong>. Your level meters should never reach 0 dBFS, the digital audio limit. To give yourself plenty of headroom, pretend that -6 dBFS (or even -12 or -18) is 0 dBFS. Lowering the levels by 6-18 dB will improve the sound quality and your workflow.</li>\n<li><strong>Mix at different volume levels.</strong> Mix at low volume levels to focus on the balance of the midrange frequencies (roughly between 250 Hz and 8 kHz). Mix at moderate volume levels to focus on low frequencies (up to around 250 Hz) and upper frequencies (above 8 kHz). Avoid prolonged exposure to loud music to protect yourself from hearing loss.</li>\n<li><strong>Master your mix separately. </strong><em>Mastering</em> is the process of fine-tuning the mix as a whole and boosting the volume to competitive levels. Mastering occurs after your mix is complete.</li>\n<li><strong>When you can, have your final mixes mastered by a fresh set of ears.</strong> Good mastering engineers are like the four-star chefs of audio; they can provide just the right amount of seasoning and high-quality ingredients to your project.</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-06-02T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":299143},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T15:27:38+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-04-17T20:54:53+00:00","timestamp":"2023-04-17T21:01:04+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33618"},"slug":"software","categoryId":33618},{"name":"Microsoft Products","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33642"},"slug":"microsoft-products","categoryId":33642},{"name":"PowerPoint","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33647"},"slug":"powerpoint","categoryId":33647}],"title":"Applying Artistic Effects in PowerPoint 2013","strippedTitle":"applying artistic effects in powerpoint 2013","slug":"how-to-apply-artistic-effects-to-powerpoint-2013-pictures","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"The Artistic Effects command in PowerPoint 2013 applies one of several special filters to your picture in an effort to make the picture look like it was created","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"The Artistic Effects command in PowerPoint 2013 applies one of several special filters to your picture in an effort to make the picture look like it was created by an artist rather than photographed with a $60 digital camera. Depending on the nature of the original picture, the results may or may not be convincing; the only way to find out is to try.\r\n\r\nHere is a list of the artistic effects that are available on the Artistic Effects button:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Marker</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Pencil Grayscale</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Pencil Sketch</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Line Drawing</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Chalk Sketch</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Paint Strokes</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Paint Brush</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Glow Diffused</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Blur</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Light Screen</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Watercolor Sponge</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Film Grain</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Mosaic Bubbles</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Glass</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Cement</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Texturizer</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Crisscross Etching</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Pastels Smooth</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Plastic Wrap</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Cutout</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Photocopy</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Glow Edges</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nTo apply one of these effects, simply double-click the picture, click the Artistic Effects button on the Picture Tools Format tab, and choose the effect you want from the gallery.\r\n\r\nTo give you an idea of what these effects can accomplish, this figure shows how a photograph appears with the Pencil Sketch, Watercolor Sponge, and Plastic Wrap filters applied.\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/367779.image0.jpg\" alt=\"image0.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"193\" />","description":"The Artistic Effects command in PowerPoint 2013 applies one of several special filters to your picture in an effort to make the picture look like it was created by an artist rather than photographed with a $60 digital camera. Depending on the nature of the original picture, the results may or may not be convincing; the only way to find out is to try.\r\n\r\nHere is a list of the artistic effects that are available on the Artistic Effects button:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Marker</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Pencil Grayscale</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Pencil Sketch</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Line Drawing</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Chalk Sketch</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Paint Strokes</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Paint Brush</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Glow Diffused</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Blur</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Light Screen</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Watercolor Sponge</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Film Grain</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Mosaic Bubbles</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Glass</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Cement</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Texturizer</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Crisscross Etching</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Pastels Smooth</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Plastic Wrap</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Cutout</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Photocopy</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Glow Edges</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nTo apply one of these effects, simply double-click the picture, click the Artistic Effects button on the Picture Tools Format tab, and choose the effect you want from the gallery.\r\n\r\nTo give you an idea of what these effects can accomplish, this figure shows how a photograph appears with the Pencil Sketch, Watercolor Sponge, and Plastic Wrap filters applied.\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/367779.image0.jpg\" alt=\"image0.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"193\" />","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":8946,"name":"Doug Lowe","slug":"doug-lowe","description":" <p><b>Doug Lowe</b> began writing computer books before Java was invented. He's covered dinosaurs such as COBOL, FORTRAN, and IBM mainframe computers, as well as web programming, Microsoft PowerPoint, and networking. Doug has written more than 30 <i>For Dummies</i> computer guides. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/8946"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33647,"title":"PowerPoint","slug":"powerpoint","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33647"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":208051,"title":"PowerPoint 2013 For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"powerpoint-2013-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","powerpoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208051"}},{"articleId":204875,"title":"How to Create a Hyperlink to Another PowerPoint 2013 Slide","slug":"how-to-create-a-hyperlink-to-another-powerpoint-2013-slide","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","powerpoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/204875"}},{"articleId":204874,"title":"9 Things That Often Go Wrong in PowerPoint 2013","slug":"9-things-that-often-go-wrong-in-powerpoint-2013","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","powerpoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/204874"}},{"articleId":204873,"title":"How to Add Recurring Text or Other Elements in PowerPoint 2013","slug":"how-to-add-recurring-text-or-other-elements-in-powerpoint-2013","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","powerpoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/204873"}},{"articleId":204872,"title":"How to Add Comments to PowerPoint 2013 Presentations","slug":"how-to-add-comments-to-powerpoint-2013-presentations","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","powerpoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/204872"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":288823,"title":"PowerPoint 2021 For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"powerpoint-2021-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","powerpoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/288823"}},{"articleId":257590,"title":"How to Remove Picture Backgrounds in PowerPoint 2019","slug":"how-to-remove-picture-backgrounds-in-powerpoint-2019","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","powerpoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/257590"}},{"articleId":257584,"title":"Audio Options in Microsoft PowerPoint 2019","slug":"audio-options-in-microsoft-powerpoint-2019","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","powerpoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/257584"}},{"articleId":257577,"title":"How to Share Presentations via the PowerPoint Web App","slug":"how-to-share-presentations-via-the-powerpoint-web-app","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","powerpoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/257577"}},{"articleId":257571,"title":"How to Share a PowerPoint 2019 Presentation in the Cloud","slug":"how-to-share-a-powerpoint-2019-presentation-in-the-cloud","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","powerpoint"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/257571"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281824,"slug":"powerpoint-2013-for-dummies","isbn":"9781118502532","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","powerpoint"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1118502531/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1118502531/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1118502531-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1118502531/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1118502531/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/powerpoint-2013-for-dummies-cover-9781118502532-204x255.jpg","width":204,"height":255},"title":"PowerPoint 2013 For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"<p><b data-author-id=\"8946\">Doug Lowe</b> is the bestselling author of more than 40 <i>For Dummies</i> books. He's covered everything from Microsoft Office to creating web pages to technologies such as Java and ASP.NET, and has written several editions of both <i>PowerPoint For Dummies</i> and <i>Networking For Dummies.</i></p>","authors":[{"authorId":8946,"name":"Doug Lowe","slug":"doug-lowe","description":" <p><b>Doug Lowe</b> began writing computer books before Java was invented. He's covered dinosaurs such as COBOL, FORTRAN, and IBM mainframe computers, as well as web programming, Microsoft PowerPoint, and networking. Doug has written more than 30 <i>For Dummies</i> computer guides. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/8946"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;microsoft-products&quot;,&quot;powerpoint&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118502532&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-643db39012db2\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;microsoft-products&quot;,&quot;powerpoint&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118502532&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-643db39013653\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-04-17T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":168479},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T07:21:05+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-04-14T18:00:01+00:00","timestamp":"2023-04-14T18:01:04+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33618"},"slug":"software","categoryId":33618},{"name":"Microsoft Products","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33642"},"slug":"microsoft-products","categoryId":33642},{"name":"General Microsoft","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33652"},"slug":"general-microsoft","categoryId":33652}],"title":"Shortcuts in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2016","strippedTitle":"shortcuts in word, excel, and powerpoint 2016","slug":"common-shortcuts-in-word-excel-and-powerpoint-2016","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Keep this handy list of Office 2016 keyboard shortcuts nearby when you're working in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"By touching a couple of keys in combination in Office 2016 programs, you can save time with simple tasks, such as copying text from one place and pasting it somewhere else. The keyboard shortcuts included here work equally well in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2016. Both mouse and keyboard methods are provided here.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>To do this</th>\r\n<th>With the mouse</th>\r\n<th>With the keyboard</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Open a file</td>\r\n<td>File→Open</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+O</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Create a new file</td>\r\n<td>File→New</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+N</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Print active document</td>\r\n<td>File→Print</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+P</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Save your work (first time), or resave with same settings</td>\r\n<td>File→Save</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+S</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Save your work with different name, location, or type</td>\r\n<td>File→Save As</td>\r\n<td>F12</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Copy selection to Clipboard</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Copy</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+C</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Cut selection to Clipboard</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Cut</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+X</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Paste selection to Clipboard</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Paste</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+V</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Open the Paste Special dialog box</td>\r\n<td>Home→Paste→Paste Special</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+Shift+V</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Display shortcut menu for selected item</td>\r\n<td>Right-click item</td>\r\n<td>Shift+F10</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Left-align a paragraph</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Left Align</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+L</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Center a paragraph</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Center</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+E</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Right-align a paragraph</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Right Align</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+R</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Make text bold</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Bold</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+B</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Make text italicized</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Italic</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+I</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Make text underlined</td>\r\n<td>Home→Underline</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+U</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Make text larger</td>\r\n<td>Home→Increase Font Size</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Make text smaller</td>\r\n<td>Home→Decrease Font Size</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+<</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Undo previous action</td>\r\n<td>Undo button on Quick Access toolbar</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+Z</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Redo previous Undo</td>\r\n<td>Redo button on Quick Access toolbar</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+Y</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Insert hyperlink</td>\r\n<td>Insert→Hyperlink</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+K</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Get help</td>\r\n<td>Type in Tellme what you want to do box</td>\r\n<td>F1</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Close the active file</td>\r\n<td>File→Close</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+F4</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Close the application</td>\r\n<td>Close button on application window</td>\r\n<td>Alt+F4</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Check spelling</td>\r\n<td>Review→Spelling</td>\r\n<td>F7</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>","description":"By touching a couple of keys in combination in Office 2016 programs, you can save time with simple tasks, such as copying text from one place and pasting it somewhere else. The keyboard shortcuts included here work equally well in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2016. Both mouse and keyboard methods are provided here.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>To do this</th>\r\n<th>With the mouse</th>\r\n<th>With the keyboard</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Open a file</td>\r\n<td>File→Open</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+O</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Create a new file</td>\r\n<td>File→New</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+N</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Print active document</td>\r\n<td>File→Print</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+P</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Save your work (first time), or resave with same settings</td>\r\n<td>File→Save</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+S</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Save your work with different name, location, or type</td>\r\n<td>File→Save As</td>\r\n<td>F12</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Copy selection to Clipboard</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Copy</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+C</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Cut selection to Clipboard</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Cut</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+X</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Paste selection to Clipboard</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Paste</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+V</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Open the Paste Special dialog box</td>\r\n<td>Home→Paste→Paste Special</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+Shift+V</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Display shortcut menu for selected item</td>\r\n<td>Right-click item</td>\r\n<td>Shift+F10</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Left-align a paragraph</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Left Align</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+L</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Center a paragraph</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Center</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+E</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Right-align a paragraph</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Right Align</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+R</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Make text bold</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Bold</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+B</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Make text italicized</td>\r\n<td>Home→ Italic</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+I</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Make text underlined</td>\r\n<td>Home→Underline</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+U</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Make text larger</td>\r\n<td>Home→Increase Font Size</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Make text smaller</td>\r\n<td>Home→Decrease Font Size</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+<</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Undo previous action</td>\r\n<td>Undo button on Quick Access toolbar</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+Z</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Redo previous Undo</td>\r\n<td>Redo button on Quick Access toolbar</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+Y</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Insert hyperlink</td>\r\n<td>Insert→Hyperlink</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+K</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Get help</td>\r\n<td>Type in Tellme what you want to do box</td>\r\n<td>F1</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Close the active file</td>\r\n<td>File→Close</td>\r\n<td>Ctrl+F4</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Close the application</td>\r\n<td>Close button on application window</td>\r\n<td>Alt+F4</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Check spelling</td>\r\n<td>Review→Spelling</td>\r\n<td>F7</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9025,"name":"Faithe Wempen","slug":"faithe-wempen","description":" <p><b>Nancy C. Muir</b> is the owner of a writing and consulting company that specializes in business and technology topics. She is the author of more than 100 books, and she has taught technology courses online. 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A Microsoft Office Master Instructor, she has educated more than a quarter of a million corporate students with her online courses, and hundreds more as an adjunct instructor at Purdue University. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9025,"name":"Faithe Wempen","slug":"faithe-wempen","description":" <p><b>Nancy C. Muir</b> is the owner of a writing and consulting company that specializes in business and technology topics. She is the author of more than 100 books, and she has taught technology courses online. 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This Cheat Sheet helps you set some fundamental goals for your BIM journey so you can get a hold of the information to start and to make progress with BIM implementation.\r\n\r\nBIM has many acronyms and it may feel as if BIM has a language of its own. After you know what they mean, you can be speak “BIM-ese” in no time!","description":"Building information modeling (BIM) is the beginning of a major shift in the way the built environment is designed, constructed, and operated, and you can be part of that revolution without needing to pay someone to do it for you.\r\n\r\nWith some key changes to the way you work, you can walk the BIM walk as well as talking the BIM talk. This Cheat Sheet helps you set some fundamental goals for your BIM journey so you can get a hold of the information to start and to make progress with BIM implementation.\r\n\r\nBIM has many acronyms and it may feel as if BIM has a language of its own. After you know what they mean, you can be speak “BIM-ese” in no time!","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9075,"name":"Stefan Mordue","slug":"stefan-mordue","description":" <p><b>Stefan Mordue </b>is a chartered architect, construction project manager, registered CDM coordinator, and NBS technical author. <b>Paul Swaddle</b> is a chartered architect, BIM futurist, and NBS business solutions consultant. <b>David Philip</b> is head of BIM at Mace and part of the HM Government Task Group Core BIM team. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9075"}},{"authorId":9076,"name":"Paul Swaddle","slug":"paul-swaddle","description":" <p><b>Stefan Mordue </b>is a chartered architect, construction project manager, registered CDM coordinator, and NBS technical author. <b>Paul Swaddle</b> is a chartered architect, BIM futurist, and NBS business solutions consultant. <b>David Philip</b> is head of BIM at Mace and part of the HM Government Task Group Core BIM team. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9076"}},{"authorId":9077,"name":"David Philp","slug":"david-philp","description":" <p><b>Stefan Mordue </b>is a chartered architect, construction project manager, registered CDM coordinator, and NBS technical author. <b>Paul Swaddle</b> is a chartered architect, BIM futurist, and NBS business solutions consultant. <b>David Philip</b> is head of BIM at Mace and part of the HM Government Task Group Core BIM team. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9077"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33634,"title":"Design Software","slug":"design-software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33634"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":292628,"slug":"building-information-modeling-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119060055","categoryList":["technology","software","design-software"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119060052/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119060052/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119060052-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119060052/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119060052/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"title":"Building Information Modeling For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"<p><b data-author-id=\"9075\">Stefan Mordue </b>is a chartered architect, construction project manager, registered CDM coordinator, and NBS technical author. <b data-author-id=\"9076\">Paul Swaddle</b> is a chartered architect, BIM futurist, and NBS business solutions consultant. <b data-author-id=\"9077\">David Philip</b> is head of BIM at Mace and part of the HM Government Task Group Core BIM team. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9075,"name":"Stefan Mordue","slug":"stefan-mordue","description":" <p><b>Stefan Mordue </b>is a chartered architect, construction project manager, registered CDM coordinator, and NBS technical author. <b>Paul Swaddle</b> is a chartered architect, BIM futurist, and NBS business solutions consultant. <b>David Philip</b> is head of BIM at Mace and part of the HM Government Task Group Core BIM team. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9075"}},{"authorId":9076,"name":"Paul Swaddle","slug":"paul-swaddle","description":" <p><b>Stefan Mordue </b>is a chartered architect, construction project manager, registered CDM coordinator, and NBS technical author. <b>Paul Swaddle</b> is a chartered architect, BIM futurist, and NBS business solutions consultant. <b>David Philip</b> is head of BIM at Mace and part of the HM Government Task Group Core BIM team. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9076"}},{"authorId":9077,"name":"David Philp","slug":"david-philp","description":" <p><b>Stefan Mordue </b>is a chartered architect, construction project manager, registered CDM coordinator, and NBS technical author. <b>Paul Swaddle</b> is a chartered architect, BIM futurist, and NBS business solutions consultant. <b>David Philip</b> is head of BIM at Mace and part of the HM Government Task Group Core BIM team. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9077"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;design-software&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119060055&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-642c3baeebbee\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;design-software&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119060055&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-642c3baeec385\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":141199,"title":"Unlocking Goals When You’re Considering and Starting BIM","slug":"unlocking-goals-when-youre-considering-and-starting-bim","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141199"}},{"articleId":141198,"title":"Your BIM Acronym Guide: What All Those Letters Mean","slug":"your-bim-acronym-guide-what-all-those-letters-mean","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141198"}}],"content":[{"title":"Unlocking goals when starting BIM","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>At the beginning of your BIM journey, you should set a number of goals. These goals give you a clear sense of direction and indicate key milestones to achieve and that you can use to demonstrate your progress. Here’s a list of things you should know about BIM:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>What it is:</b> Be clear on what BIM is and what it isn’t. BIM stands for Building Information Modeling and is a process for embedding digital representations of buildings and other built assets with lots of data and useful content for the whole lifecycle of a project’s use. It’s not just about software, hardware, or project management; it’s a combination of all these things and requires a behavioral change above all else.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>What it can do:</b> Consider what BIM can do for the construction industry, but more importantly, for you and your company. BIM is many things to different people. It can provide savings, certainties, and new efficiencies so various sectors have a lot to gain. From safer construction to better understanding of the built asset and what’s required to run it during its life, you can use BIM to develop clearer insight about the built environment.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>What the potential return on investment is: </b>BIM doesn’t need to be expensive. Although you’ll have some initial costs, think of BIM as a long-term resource for improving the work you do and the products you deliver. It’s not just about one project either; BIM will continue to deliver cost savings and competitive advantage as you become more skilled in applying the processes involved. You can get started now and develop longer-term strategies for when you need big-ticket items like additional resource, training, or technology infrastructure.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>What requirements clients and companies have for BIM:</b> The following can help:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Key outputs/formats:</b> BIM is about collaboration and cooperating with other users of building information. It relies on you using open standards and formats that everyone can access and read, which may require you to change your processes. BIM is also about regular exchange of data at strategic points along the project timeline so that you can make informed decisions with your team and improve performance.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Key documents:</b> BIM can seem quite complicated, but getting your head around the process mainly relies on some key standards and documents that the industry has produced to help you, many of which are free. Sometimes referring to these documents is a requirement for project delivery.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>How to gear up to deliver BIM:</b> Consider the following:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Influencing decision makers: </b>You need to adopt a top-down approach to achieve buy-in from key individuals in your company with the ability to implement the change you want to see.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Implementing processes:</b> You need to ensure that office protocols and management structures are in place to implement ideal BIM procedures.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Providing hardware:</b> You need to have the technology and data infrastructure to support the BIM workflow and exchange information with clients and project teams.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Supplying software:</b> You need appropriate tools and platforms to design, analyze, construct, and operate the built asset, including for the end users to understand the information within BIM.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Training people:</b> You need to find out exactly what training requirements each person has for BIM. Some need to learn a new piece of software for modeling work, others may need to improve their strategic project management skills, or you may need training to keep your systems up-to-date. Supporting BIM users day to day can be the difference between BIM success and failure.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Where to gain insight from others:</b> Staying in touch with what’s happening in the world of BIM is easy, because it’s a digital community with connections on social media and web forums all over the world. Also, you can attend face-to-face conferences to see demonstrations, case studies, and hands-on applications of BIM, and build your own knowledge. Find out about the future of the construction industry too, because when you can link BIM with sustainable, off-site manufacture and Internet-connected sensors you’ll be creating truly smart cities.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Your BIM acronym guide","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The world of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is packed with acronyms. Keeping track of them when your company considers implementing BIM can be tricky.</p>\n<p>Don’t know your BEP from your PIM? Take a look through the following list and familiarize yourself with the terms. You’ll be speaking like a BIM expert in no time!</p>\n<p><b>2D:</b> 2-dimensional</p>\n<p><b>3D:</b> 3-dimensional</p>\n<p><b>4D:</b> 4-dimensional (time)</p>\n<p><b>5D:</b> 5-dimensional (cost)</p>\n<p><b>AEC:</b> Architecture, engineering, and construction</p>\n<p><b>AIM:</b> Asset Information Model</p>\n<p><b>AIR:</b> Asset information requirements</p>\n<p><b>AM:</b> Asset management</p>\n<p><b>API:</b> Application programming interface</p>\n<p><b>ASP:</b> Application service provider</p>\n<p><b>BAS:</b> Building automation system</p>\n<p><b>BCF:</b> BIM collaboration format</p>\n<p><b>BEP:</b> BIM execution plan</p>\n<p><b>BIM</b>: Building Information Model(ing)</p>\n<p><b>BIS:</b> UK Department for Business, Innovation, and Skills</p>\n<p><b>BMS</b>: Building Management System</p>\n<p><b>BS:</b> British Standard</p>\n<p><b>bSa:</b> buildingSMART alliance</p>\n<p><b>bsDD:</b> buildingSMART Data Dictionary</p>\n<p><b>bSI:</b> buildingSMART International</p>\n<p><b>BSI:</b> British Standards Institute</p>\n<p><b>CAD:</b> Computer-aided design</p>\n<p><b>CADD:</b> Computer-aided design and drafting</p>\n<p><b>CAFM:</b> Computer-aided facility management</p>\n<p><b>CAM:</b> Computer-aided manufacture</p>\n<p><b>CAPEX:</b> Capital expenditure</p>\n<p><b>CDE:</b> Common data environment</p>\n<p><b>CIC:</b> Construction Industry Council</p>\n<p><b>CMM:</b> Capability Maturity Model</p>\n<p><b>CMMS</b>: Computerized Maintenance and Management System</p>\n<p><b>COBie:</b> Construction Operations Building information exchange</p>\n<p><b>CPI:</b> Coordinated project information</p>\n<p><b>CPIx:</b> Construction project information x-change</p>\n<p><b>CR:</b> Clash rendition</p>\n<p><b>CSI:</b> Construction Specifications Institute</p>\n<p><b>DBB:</b> Digital Built Britain</p>\n<p><b>DfMA:</b> Design for Manufacture and Assembly</p>\n<p><b>DPoW:</b> Digital Plan of Work</p>\n<p><b>DMS:</b> Document management system</p>\n<p><b>EDMS:</b> Electronic data management system</p>\n<p><b>EIR:</b> Employer’s information requirements</p>\n<p><b>FM:</b> Facilities management</p>\n<p><b>GCS:</b> Government Construction Strategy (UK)</p>\n<p><b>GDL:</b> Geometric Description Language</p>\n<p><b>GIS:</b> Geographical Information System</p>\n<p><b>GSA:</b> US Government Services Administration</p>\n<p><b>GUID:</b> Globally Unique ID (identifier)</p>\n<p><b>HVAC:</b> Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning</p>\n<p><b>IAI:</b> International Alliance for Interoperability (now known as buildingSMART)</p>\n<p><b>iBIM:</b> Integrated Building Information Modelling</p>\n<p><b>ICT:</b> Information and communications technology</p>\n<p><b>IDM:</b> Information Delivery Manual</p>\n<p><b>IFC:</b> Industry Foundation Classes</p>\n<p><b>IFD:</b> International Framework for Dictionaries</p>\n<p><b>IoT:</b> Internet of Things</p>\n<p><b>IPD:</b> Integrated project delivery</p>\n<p><b>IP:</b> Intellectual property</p>\n<p><b>IR:</b> Information requirements</p>\n<p><b>ISO:</b> International Organization for Standardization</p>\n<p><b>IaaS:</b> Infrastructure as a service</p>\n<p><b>IT:</b> Information technology</p>\n<p><b>KPI:</b> Key performance indicator</p>\n<p><b>LOD:</b> Level of definition (UK) or level of model detail (US – level of development)</p>\n<p><b>LOI:</b> Levels of model information</p>\n<p><b>MEP:</b> Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</p>\n<p><b>MIDI:</b> Master information document index</p>\n<p><b>MIDP:</b> Master information delivery plan</p>\n<p><b>MPDT:</b> Model production and delivery table</p>\n<p><b>MVD:</b> Model view definition</p>\n<p><b>NBIMS:</b> National Building Information Modeling Standard (US)</p>\n<p><b>NBS:</b> National Building Specification</p>\n<p><b>NIBS:</b> National Institute of Building Sciences (US)</p>\n<p><b>O&amp;M:</b> Operations and maintenance</p>\n<p><b>OIR:</b> Organizational information requirements</p>\n<p><b>OPEX:</b> Operating expenditure</p>\n<p><b>PaaS:</b> Platform as a service</p>\n<p><b>PAS:</b> Publicly available specification</p>\n<p><b>PDM:</b> Project delivery manager</p>\n<p><b>PIM:</b> Project information model</p>\n<p><b>PIP:</b> Project implementation plan</p>\n<p><b>PoW: </b>Plan of works</p>\n<p><b>PLQ:</b> Plain language questions</p>\n<p><b>POE:</b> Post occupancy evaluation</p>\n<p><b>PQQ:</b> Pre-qualification questionnaire</p>\n<p><b>R&amp;D:</b> Research and development</p>\n<p><b>RM:</b> Responsibility matrix</p>\n<p><b>RFI:</b> Request for information</p>\n<p><b>RFID:</b> Radio-frequency identification</p>\n<p><b>ROI:</b> Return on investment</p>\n<p><b>SaaS:</b> Software as a service</p>\n<p><b>SPie:</b> Specifiers’ properties information exchange</p>\n<p><b>STEP:</b> STandard for the Exchange of Product model data</p>\n<p><b>TIDP:</b> Task information delivery plan</p>\n<p><b>Uniclass:</b> Unified classification system</p>\n<p><b>USACE:</b> United States Army Corps of Engineers</p>\n<p><b>VA:</b> US Department of Veterans’ Affairs</p>\n<p><b>VDC:</b> Virtual design and construction</p>\n<p><b>WBDG:</b> Whole building design guide</p>\n<p><b>WIP:</b> Work in progress</p>\n<p><b>XML:</b> eXtensible markup language</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-04-04T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207462},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2023-03-13T17:58:31+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-03-16T20:50:00+00:00","timestamp":"2023-03-16T21:01:02+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33618"},"slug":"software","categoryId":33618},{"name":"Microsoft Products","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33642"},"slug":"microsoft-products","categoryId":33642}],"title":"How To Play Microsoft Flight Simulator","strippedTitle":"how to play microsoft flight simulator","slug":"what-you-need-to-play-microsoft-flight-simulator","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This article explains what you need to play Microsoft Flight Simulator, including platforms, game versions, and controllers.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Giving people a chance to fly without all the time, money, and risk that goes into actual piloting makes flight-simulator video games such a fun and rewarding experience. Microsoft Flight Simulator is currently the best of its kind for casual players and hardcore enthusiasts alike.\r\n\r\nCurrently, you can purchase three different versions of Flight Simulator: the Standard, Deluxe, and Premium Deluxe editions. Differences among editions include the number and type of available airports and aircraft, and of course, the price.\r\n\r\nEven the Standard version of Flight Simulator includes around 37,000 airports! Other good news is that the game is largely the same across platforms (PC and Xbox series), so you won’t compromise the experience when it comes to choosing the platform you want to play on.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >What platforms can you use to play Microsoft Flight Simulator?</h2>\r\nFlight Simulator originally debuted as a PC-only title when it first released in August 2020. It also received a special virtual-reality version in December 2020, the first time any flight simulator had done so. Though it remained a PC exclusive title for some time, on July 27, 2021, Flight Simulator debuted on Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S.\r\n\r\nThe game likely won’t be available on PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, or Nintendo Switch in the near future, given that it’s a Microsoft-owned property. So, if you’re interested in playing, you need to have a PC or Xbox series platform. Here are a couple of thoughts for your platform choice:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>On an Xbox:</strong> You may find that picking up an Xbox console (if you don’t already have one) makes playing the game simpler. Flight Simulator is highly playable on Xbox consoles and may be more accessible for those who aren’t comfortable configuring PC games and software.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>On a PC:</strong> Flight Simulator can be quite demanding on computers that don’t have pricey gaming equipment. On the other hand, you can expect awesome graphics if you play on a gaming PC that has the latest and greatest graphic card and processor.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Which version should you buy?</h2>\r\nEach version of Flight Simulator differs in scope of content, such as airplanes and airports. The versions (depicted below) are priced in tiers, and depending on the experience you want from the game, you can expect more or less content based on how much you’re willing to pay. Hey, becoming a pilot isn’t cheap!\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297818\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297818\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/microsoft-flight-simulator-versions.jpg\" alt=\"Infographic showing Microsoft Flight Simulator version\" width=\"630\" height=\"355\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Flight Simulator versions[/caption]\r\n\r\nHere’s a quick reference guide to what each version contains:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Standard Edition:</strong> The base version of the game. It comes with 20 different planes and 30 enhanced airports, and it retails for $59.99 (USD, 2023).</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Deluxe Edition:</strong> This version of the game comes with everything in the Standard Edition, plus five additional enhanced airports and five additional airplanes. It retails for $89.99 (USD, 2023). The enhanced airports included are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (Netherlands)</li>\r\n \t<li>Cairo International Airport (Egypt)</li>\r\n \t<li>Cape Town International Airport (South Africa)</li>\r\n \t<li>O’Hare International Airport (USA)</li>\r\n \t<li>Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas Airport (Spain)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The additional airplanes included are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Diamond Aircraft DA40-TDI</li>\r\n \t<li>Diamond Aircraft DV20</li>\r\n \t<li>Textron Aviation Inc. Beechcraft Baron G58</li>\r\n \t<li>Textron Aviation Inc. Cessna 152 Aerobat</li>\r\n \t<li>Textron Aviation Inc. Cessna 172 Skyhawk</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Premium Deluxe Edition:</strong> This version of the game comes with everything that the Deluxe Edition includes, as well as five more enhanced airports and another five airplanes. It retails for $119.99 (USD, 2023). The enhanced airports included are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Denver International Airport (USA)</li>\r\n \t<li>Dubai International Airport (UAE)</li>\r\n \t<li>Frankfurt Airport (Germany)</li>\r\n \t<li>Heathrow Airport (UK)</li>\r\n \t<li>San Francisco International Airport (USA)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>The additional planes included are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Boeing Company 787-10 Dreamliner</li>\r\n \t<li>Cirrus Aircraft SR22</li>\r\n \t<li>Pipistrel Virus SW 121</li>\r\n \t<li>Textron Aviation Inc. Cessna Citation Longitude</li>\r\n \t<li>Zlin Aviation Shock Ultra</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">If you decide that you want to upgrade to the Deluxe or Premium Deluxe editions later on, you just have to pay the difference on the platform of your choice. You can download the additional content you were missing to the installation you already have. No pressure!</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Wait, what are enhanced airports?</h2>\r\nDon’t confuse the small number of enhanced airports in the different versions of the game with the total number of airports that you can fly out of (around 37,000). More enhanced airports come with the Deluxe and Premium Deluxe versions, which means you get adapted constructions of airports (for example, Chicago O’Hare) that are more true-to-life than what they’d normally be in-game.\r\n\r\nGame designers handcraft an <em>enhanced airport</em> from the ground up to look exactly like the locations in question; the standard, procedurally generated airports aren’t nearly as detailed.\r\n\r\nSo, if you have a soft spot in your heart for the San Francisco International Airport, you might want to pick up the version of the game that includes its enhanced version so that you can see it just like it looks in your mind’s eye.\r\n\r\nThe enhanced airports may end up making it a much more exciting game to jump into — and you want to get the most out of your money, of course!\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >What do you need to get started?</h2>\r\nDepending on which version of Flight Simulator you plan on playing, the answer to what you need varies. For the most part, whether you’re playing on PC, Xbox Series X, or Xbox Series S, you need only a copy of the game, your platform of choice, and some type of input.\r\n\r\nYour input can be a mouse and keyboard, game controller (I recommend an Xbox controller if you have one), or flight stick. Obviously, you can find a wide variety of all these things. But if you want to use a controller, you can simply use the Xbox gamepad that comes with your Xbox Series X or Xbox Series S by default.\r\n\r\nOtherwise, you need your sense of adventure and a little patience. Rome wasn’t built in a day. You can’t earn your fictional pilot’s license in a day, either. You have a lot to learn, but don’t get discouraged.\r\n\r\nAs with all things, practice makes perfect, and the more time you spend learning to fly, the more you retain. The more you retain, the better you perform. The better you perform, the more you want to fly. And then, before you know it, you might want to try your luck behind the controls of a real plane! <em>You</em> might want to; not me. I’m still a little too terrified. Heights are not my thing.","description":"Giving people a chance to fly without all the time, money, and risk that goes into actual piloting makes flight-simulator video games such a fun and rewarding experience. Microsoft Flight Simulator is currently the best of its kind for casual players and hardcore enthusiasts alike.\r\n\r\nCurrently, you can purchase three different versions of Flight Simulator: the Standard, Deluxe, and Premium Deluxe editions. Differences among editions include the number and type of available airports and aircraft, and of course, the price.\r\n\r\nEven the Standard version of Flight Simulator includes around 37,000 airports! Other good news is that the game is largely the same across platforms (PC and Xbox series), so you won’t compromise the experience when it comes to choosing the platform you want to play on.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >What platforms can you use to play Microsoft Flight Simulator?</h2>\r\nFlight Simulator originally debuted as a PC-only title when it first released in August 2020. It also received a special virtual-reality version in December 2020, the first time any flight simulator had done so. Though it remained a PC exclusive title for some time, on July 27, 2021, Flight Simulator debuted on Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S.\r\n\r\nThe game likely won’t be available on PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, or Nintendo Switch in the near future, given that it’s a Microsoft-owned property. So, if you’re interested in playing, you need to have a PC or Xbox series platform. Here are a couple of thoughts for your platform choice:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>On an Xbox:</strong> You may find that picking up an Xbox console (if you don’t already have one) makes playing the game simpler. Flight Simulator is highly playable on Xbox consoles and may be more accessible for those who aren’t comfortable configuring PC games and software.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>On a PC:</strong> Flight Simulator can be quite demanding on computers that don’t have pricey gaming equipment. On the other hand, you can expect awesome graphics if you play on a gaming PC that has the latest and greatest graphic card and processor.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Which version should you buy?</h2>\r\nEach version of Flight Simulator differs in scope of content, such as airplanes and airports. The versions (depicted below) are priced in tiers, and depending on the experience you want from the game, you can expect more or less content based on how much you’re willing to pay. Hey, becoming a pilot isn’t cheap!\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297818\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297818\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/microsoft-flight-simulator-versions.jpg\" alt=\"Infographic showing Microsoft Flight Simulator version\" width=\"630\" height=\"355\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Flight Simulator versions[/caption]\r\n\r\nHere’s a quick reference guide to what each version contains:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Standard Edition:</strong> The base version of the game. It comes with 20 different planes and 30 enhanced airports, and it retails for $59.99 (USD, 2023).</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Deluxe Edition:</strong> This version of the game comes with everything in the Standard Edition, plus five additional enhanced airports and five additional airplanes. It retails for $89.99 (USD, 2023). The enhanced airports included are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (Netherlands)</li>\r\n \t<li>Cairo International Airport (Egypt)</li>\r\n \t<li>Cape Town International Airport (South Africa)</li>\r\n \t<li>O’Hare International Airport (USA)</li>\r\n \t<li>Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas Airport (Spain)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The additional airplanes included are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Diamond Aircraft DA40-TDI</li>\r\n \t<li>Diamond Aircraft DV20</li>\r\n \t<li>Textron Aviation Inc. Beechcraft Baron G58</li>\r\n \t<li>Textron Aviation Inc. Cessna 152 Aerobat</li>\r\n \t<li>Textron Aviation Inc. Cessna 172 Skyhawk</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Premium Deluxe Edition:</strong> This version of the game comes with everything that the Deluxe Edition includes, as well as five more enhanced airports and another five airplanes. It retails for $119.99 (USD, 2023). The enhanced airports included are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Denver International Airport (USA)</li>\r\n \t<li>Dubai International Airport (UAE)</li>\r\n \t<li>Frankfurt Airport (Germany)</li>\r\n \t<li>Heathrow Airport (UK)</li>\r\n \t<li>San Francisco International Airport (USA)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>The additional planes included are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Boeing Company 787-10 Dreamliner</li>\r\n \t<li>Cirrus Aircraft SR22</li>\r\n \t<li>Pipistrel Virus SW 121</li>\r\n \t<li>Textron Aviation Inc. Cessna Citation Longitude</li>\r\n \t<li>Zlin Aviation Shock Ultra</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">If you decide that you want to upgrade to the Deluxe or Premium Deluxe editions later on, you just have to pay the difference on the platform of your choice. You can download the additional content you were missing to the installation you already have. No pressure!</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Wait, what are enhanced airports?</h2>\r\nDon’t confuse the small number of enhanced airports in the different versions of the game with the total number of airports that you can fly out of (around 37,000). More enhanced airports come with the Deluxe and Premium Deluxe versions, which means you get adapted constructions of airports (for example, Chicago O’Hare) that are more true-to-life than what they’d normally be in-game.\r\n\r\nGame designers handcraft an <em>enhanced airport</em> from the ground up to look exactly like the locations in question; the standard, procedurally generated airports aren’t nearly as detailed.\r\n\r\nSo, if you have a soft spot in your heart for the San Francisco International Airport, you might want to pick up the version of the game that includes its enhanced version so that you can see it just like it looks in your mind’s eye.\r\n\r\nThe enhanced airports may end up making it a much more exciting game to jump into — and you want to get the most out of your money, of course!\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >What do you need to get started?</h2>\r\nDepending on which version of Flight Simulator you plan on playing, the answer to what you need varies. For the most part, whether you’re playing on PC, Xbox Series X, or Xbox Series S, you need only a copy of the game, your platform of choice, and some type of input.\r\n\r\nYour input can be a mouse and keyboard, game controller (I recommend an Xbox controller if you have one), or flight stick. Obviously, you can find a wide variety of all these things. But if you want to use a controller, you can simply use the Xbox gamepad that comes with your Xbox Series X or Xbox Series S by default.\r\n\r\nOtherwise, you need your sense of adventure and a little patience. Rome wasn’t built in a day. You can’t earn your fictional pilot’s license in a day, either. You have a lot to learn, but don’t get discouraged.\r\n\r\nAs with all things, practice makes perfect, and the more time you spend learning to fly, the more you retain. The more you retain, the better you perform. The better you perform, the more you want to fly. And then, before you know it, you might want to try your luck behind the controls of a real plane! <em>You</em> might want to; not me. I’m still a little too terrified. Heights are not my thing.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":35237,"name":"Brittany Vincent","slug":"brittany-vincent","description":"","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35237"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33642,"title":"Microsoft Products","slug":"microsoft-products","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33642"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"What platforms can you use to play Microsoft Flight Simulator?","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Which version should you buy?","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"Wait, what are enhanced airports?","target":"#tab3"},{"label":"What do you need to get started?","target":"#tab4"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":297842,"title":"How to Read Aircraft Instruments in Microsoft Flight Simulator","slug":"how-to-read-the-instruments-in-a-microsoft-flight-simulator-aircraft","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/297842"}},{"articleId":297824,"title":"10 Tips for Microsoft Flight Simulator Beginners","slug":"10-tips-for-microsoft-flight-simulator-beginners","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/297824"}},{"articleId":297672,"title":"Microsoft Flight Simulator For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"microsoft-flight-simulator-for-dummies","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/297672"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":297842,"title":"How to Read Aircraft Instruments in Microsoft Flight Simulator","slug":"how-to-read-the-instruments-in-a-microsoft-flight-simulator-aircraft","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/297842"}},{"articleId":297824,"title":"10 Tips for Microsoft Flight Simulator Beginners","slug":"10-tips-for-microsoft-flight-simulator-beginners","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/297824"}},{"articleId":297672,"title":"Microsoft Flight Simulator For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"microsoft-flight-simulator-for-dummies","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/297672"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":296845,"slug":"microsoft-flight-simulator-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119828457","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119828457/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119828457/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119828457-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119828457/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119828457/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/microsoft-flight-simulator-for-dummies-cover-9781119828457-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Microsoft Flight Simulator For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"","authors":[{"authorId":35237,"name":"Brittany Vincent","slug":"brittany-vincent","description":"","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35237"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;microsoft-products&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119828457&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6413838ede77e\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;microsoft-products&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119828457&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6413838edef01\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-03-13T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":297816},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2023-03-14T18:29:24+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-03-15T14:02:18+00:00","timestamp":"2023-03-15T15:01:02+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33618"},"slug":"software","categoryId":33618},{"name":"Microsoft Products","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33642"},"slug":"microsoft-products","categoryId":33642}],"title":"How to Read Aircraft Instruments in Microsoft Flight Simulator","strippedTitle":"how to read aircraft instruments in microsoft flight simulator","slug":"how-to-read-the-instruments-in-a-microsoft-flight-simulator-aircraft","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"To be able to fly successfully in Flight Simulator, you need to know how to use the instruments in the cockpit. Here's a rundown.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"To successfully fly in Microsoft Flight Simulator, you need to know how to use the various instruments included in your cockpit. At first, getting to know and understand each instrument may seem confusing. But, with a little time and guidance, you can discover what every instrument does, as well as how to read it during flight.\r\n\r\nThe instruments in Flight Simulator can tell you how fast you’re going (<em>airspeed</em>), how high up you are (<em>altitude</em>), and other vital information you need to know, such as the direction you’re flying (your <em>current heading</em>).\r\n\r\nFlight Simulator has two primary types of cockpits that you can become acquainted with:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>An analog cockpit</strong> relies on <em>analog instruments</em> that appear as dials and gauges and rely on mechanical measurements to display information. You need to know how to read the various needles and indicators that relay these measurements.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>A glass cockpit</strong> relies on multiple electronic panels to sift through and display important information to you digitally during flight. This means you’ll get a direct readout rather than you having to interpret analog dials and gauges.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Reading analog instruments</h2>\r\nMany of the planes in Flight Simulator have analog cockpits, especially the older planes. In fact, many of the planes that you fly during the game’s tutorial lessons rely on analog instruments for vital information such as heading, altitude, and so on. For that reason alone, you need to know how to read analog instruments early on in your career with Flight Simulator.\r\n\r\nHowever, some planes are hybrids with a combination of analog and digital systems. For example, the Cessna 172 includes a digital radio and navigation system but uses analog gauges for nearly everything else.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Coming to terms with the instruments in your aircraft is about identifying each panel — where it is and what it does. Although a cockpit may look daunting at first, knowing the basics of each instrument (position and function) can make your flights easier in the long run.</p>\r\nOverall, the exact layout, functionality, and appearance of instruments may vary depending on your aircraft. However, several fundamental instrument types are in each cockpit, so get acquainted with them. For this example, I present the cockpit of a Cessna 152, as shown below.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297841\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297841\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-analog-cockpit.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing an analog cockpit\" width=\"630\" height=\"431\" /> ©Microsoft<br />View of a Cessna 152 analog cockpit[/caption]\r\n\r\nThe callouts in the figure above correspond with some of the instruments in this list:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Airspeed indicator:</strong> Displays your <em>airspeed</em> (how fast you’re traveling), measured in <em>knots</em> (which is one nautical mile per hour). Pay special attention to this instrument during flight because aircraft are very sensitive to speed.</p>\r\n<p class=\"child-para\">For example, unlike cars, which will just stop in one place if you run out of speed, an airplane will drop like a rock. This situation is obviously bad for the pilot. The white lines on the airspeed indicator signal that you can extend the flaps at those speeds.</p>\r\n<p class=\"child-para\">Remember that the higher the speed, the lower the <em>tilt</em> (using the rudders to pivot the plane up or down). The green line marks the speed range in which you can safely tilt the rudders at their full range of movement. The yellow range means you’re quickly approaching the limit of the plane’s structural strength.</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Attitude indicator:</strong> Shows the current orientation of the plane in space. You make use of this instrument when you have to fly based on your instruments to ensure your angle of approach does not exceed recommendations. The brown portion in this indicator signifies the ground, and the blue part indicates the sky.</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Altimeter:</strong> Shows you the current <em>ceiling</em> (meaning the maximum density altitude an aircraft can reach) in feet or meters. Keep in mind that the altimeter measures the elevation of your craft Above Sea Level (ASL).</p>\r\n<p class=\"child-para\">Just because you’re on the ground doesn’t mean that you have an altimeter value of zero. When your craft is on the ground, the altimeter shows a value of anywhere from a few hundred feet to several thousand feet, depending on the elevation above sea level of the airport you’re currently visiting.</p>\r\n<p class=\"\">Before takeoff, tune the altimeter to the barometric pressure at the airport’s location.</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Throttle RPM meter:</strong> Shows you the current revolutions per minute (RPMs) of the plane’s engine.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Flaps control:</strong> Controls the flaps on the rear of the wings. Essentially, you can adjust these mechanisms to provide more load-bearing force — allowing the plane to take off from a shorter distance — or keep the plane airborne at a low speed. Additionally, flaps may be used to slow down the plane.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Fuel Mixture control:</strong> Regulates how much fuel is injected into the engine. You need to reduce or increase the ratio of fuel to air being injected, depending on the altitude and density of the air that you’re flying through.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Throttle:</strong> The throttle is pretty self-explanatory; it’s essentially your gas pedal. It controls the amount of fuel and air that is being injected into the engine. The more open the throttle, the more power the engine produces. Unlike cars, which have a gearbox to transfer power to the wheels, airplanes are direct drive, which means an increase in throttle always manifests as a higher RPM.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Pitch Trim:</strong> By far one of the most important mechanisms in the cockpit. When set correctly, it allows the plane to fly without the pilot having to continuously hold the steering bar (also called the <em>yoke</em>). You may need to make adjustments to the pitch trim (which maneuvers the aircraft elevators) constantly throughout the flight in order to maintain altitude or a steady climb or decent.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Vertical Speed indicator:</strong> Showcases the current speed of ascent or descent. It measures your plane’s speed in feet per minute. This instrument never sticks rigidly in one place; expect it to fluctuate. When landing or ascending, the standard rate of speed on this instrument varies from plane to plane.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Current Heading:</strong> Shows the aircraft’s current heading course throughout the flight. The <em>heading</em> is essentially the direction that the aircraft is traveling relative to the magnetic north. The cardinal headings include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>North at 360 or 0 degrees</li>\r\n \t<li>East at 90 degrees</li>\r\n \t<li>South at 180 degrees</li>\r\n \t<li>West at 270 degrees</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nThe Current Heading indicator itself gets input from a gyroscope, so you can expect it to show the wrong direction when not calibrated properly. Unfortunately, it becomes misaligned by itself often, and you need to calibrate it throughout your flight by resetting it every 10 to 15 minutes and ensuring it lines up with your compass.\r\n\r\n<strong>Parking brake:</strong> The parking brake is exactly what it sounds like. Use it at every takeoff and taxi situation to avoid any issues with air traffic control. Remember, when your aircraft’s engine is on, it generates thrust, even at idle. If you don’t make sure your parking brake is on, you may look down to hit a switch and find you’re rolling along.","description":"To successfully fly in Microsoft Flight Simulator, you need to know how to use the various instruments included in your cockpit. At first, getting to know and understand each instrument may seem confusing. But, with a little time and guidance, you can discover what every instrument does, as well as how to read it during flight.\r\n\r\nThe instruments in Flight Simulator can tell you how fast you’re going (<em>airspeed</em>), how high up you are (<em>altitude</em>), and other vital information you need to know, such as the direction you’re flying (your <em>current heading</em>).\r\n\r\nFlight Simulator has two primary types of cockpits that you can become acquainted with:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>An analog cockpit</strong> relies on <em>analog instruments</em> that appear as dials and gauges and rely on mechanical measurements to display information. You need to know how to read the various needles and indicators that relay these measurements.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>A glass cockpit</strong> relies on multiple electronic panels to sift through and display important information to you digitally during flight. This means you’ll get a direct readout rather than you having to interpret analog dials and gauges.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Reading analog instruments</h2>\r\nMany of the planes in Flight Simulator have analog cockpits, especially the older planes. In fact, many of the planes that you fly during the game’s tutorial lessons rely on analog instruments for vital information such as heading, altitude, and so on. For that reason alone, you need to know how to read analog instruments early on in your career with Flight Simulator.\r\n\r\nHowever, some planes are hybrids with a combination of analog and digital systems. For example, the Cessna 172 includes a digital radio and navigation system but uses analog gauges for nearly everything else.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Coming to terms with the instruments in your aircraft is about identifying each panel — where it is and what it does. Although a cockpit may look daunting at first, knowing the basics of each instrument (position and function) can make your flights easier in the long run.</p>\r\nOverall, the exact layout, functionality, and appearance of instruments may vary depending on your aircraft. However, several fundamental instrument types are in each cockpit, so get acquainted with them. For this example, I present the cockpit of a Cessna 152, as shown below.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297841\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297841\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-analog-cockpit.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing an analog cockpit\" width=\"630\" height=\"431\" /> ©Microsoft<br />View of a Cessna 152 analog cockpit[/caption]\r\n\r\nThe callouts in the figure above correspond with some of the instruments in this list:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Airspeed indicator:</strong> Displays your <em>airspeed</em> (how fast you’re traveling), measured in <em>knots</em> (which is one nautical mile per hour). Pay special attention to this instrument during flight because aircraft are very sensitive to speed.</p>\r\n<p class=\"child-para\">For example, unlike cars, which will just stop in one place if you run out of speed, an airplane will drop like a rock. This situation is obviously bad for the pilot. The white lines on the airspeed indicator signal that you can extend the flaps at those speeds.</p>\r\n<p class=\"child-para\">Remember that the higher the speed, the lower the <em>tilt</em> (using the rudders to pivot the plane up or down). The green line marks the speed range in which you can safely tilt the rudders at their full range of movement. The yellow range means you’re quickly approaching the limit of the plane’s structural strength.</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Attitude indicator:</strong> Shows the current orientation of the plane in space. You make use of this instrument when you have to fly based on your instruments to ensure your angle of approach does not exceed recommendations. The brown portion in this indicator signifies the ground, and the blue part indicates the sky.</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Altimeter:</strong> Shows you the current <em>ceiling</em> (meaning the maximum density altitude an aircraft can reach) in feet or meters. Keep in mind that the altimeter measures the elevation of your craft Above Sea Level (ASL).</p>\r\n<p class=\"child-para\">Just because you’re on the ground doesn’t mean that you have an altimeter value of zero. When your craft is on the ground, the altimeter shows a value of anywhere from a few hundred feet to several thousand feet, depending on the elevation above sea level of the airport you’re currently visiting.</p>\r\n<p class=\"\">Before takeoff, tune the altimeter to the barometric pressure at the airport’s location.</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Throttle RPM meter:</strong> Shows you the current revolutions per minute (RPMs) of the plane’s engine.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Flaps control:</strong> Controls the flaps on the rear of the wings. Essentially, you can adjust these mechanisms to provide more load-bearing force — allowing the plane to take off from a shorter distance — or keep the plane airborne at a low speed. Additionally, flaps may be used to slow down the plane.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Fuel Mixture control:</strong> Regulates how much fuel is injected into the engine. You need to reduce or increase the ratio of fuel to air being injected, depending on the altitude and density of the air that you’re flying through.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Throttle:</strong> The throttle is pretty self-explanatory; it’s essentially your gas pedal. It controls the amount of fuel and air that is being injected into the engine. The more open the throttle, the more power the engine produces. Unlike cars, which have a gearbox to transfer power to the wheels, airplanes are direct drive, which means an increase in throttle always manifests as a higher RPM.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Pitch Trim:</strong> By far one of the most important mechanisms in the cockpit. When set correctly, it allows the plane to fly without the pilot having to continuously hold the steering bar (also called the <em>yoke</em>). You may need to make adjustments to the pitch trim (which maneuvers the aircraft elevators) constantly throughout the flight in order to maintain altitude or a steady climb or decent.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Vertical Speed indicator:</strong> Showcases the current speed of ascent or descent. It measures your plane’s speed in feet per minute. This instrument never sticks rigidly in one place; expect it to fluctuate. When landing or ascending, the standard rate of speed on this instrument varies from plane to plane.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Current Heading:</strong> Shows the aircraft’s current heading course throughout the flight. The <em>heading</em> is essentially the direction that the aircraft is traveling relative to the magnetic north. The cardinal headings include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>North at 360 or 0 degrees</li>\r\n \t<li>East at 90 degrees</li>\r\n \t<li>South at 180 degrees</li>\r\n \t<li>West at 270 degrees</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nThe Current Heading indicator itself gets input from a gyroscope, so you can expect it to show the wrong direction when not calibrated properly. Unfortunately, it becomes misaligned by itself often, and you need to calibrate it throughout your flight by resetting it every 10 to 15 minutes and ensuring it lines up with your compass.\r\n\r\n<strong>Parking brake:</strong> The parking brake is exactly what it sounds like. Use it at every takeoff and taxi situation to avoid any issues with air traffic control. Remember, when your aircraft’s engine is on, it generates thrust, even at idle. If you don’t make sure your parking brake is on, you may look down to hit a switch and find you’re rolling along.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":35237,"name":"Brittany Vincent","slug":"brittany-vincent","description":"","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35237"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33642,"title":"Microsoft Products","slug":"microsoft-products","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33642"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"Reading analog instruments","target":"#tab1"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":297824,"title":"10 Tips for Microsoft Flight Simulator Beginners","slug":"10-tips-for-microsoft-flight-simulator-beginners","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/297824"}},{"articleId":297816,"title":"How To Play Microsoft Flight Simulator","slug":"what-you-need-to-play-microsoft-flight-simulator","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/297816"}},{"articleId":297672,"title":"Microsoft Flight Simulator For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"microsoft-flight-simulator-for-dummies","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/297672"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":297824,"title":"10 Tips for Microsoft Flight Simulator 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Flight Simulator For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"","authors":[{"authorId":35237,"name":"Brittany Vincent","slug":"brittany-vincent","description":"","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35237"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;microsoft-products&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119828457&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6411ddaeab3cc\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" 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year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-03-14T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":297842},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2023-03-13T20:48:40+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-03-15T13:56:16+00:00","timestamp":"2023-03-15T15:01:02+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33618"},"slug":"software","categoryId":33618},{"name":"Microsoft Products","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33642"},"slug":"microsoft-products","categoryId":33642}],"title":"10 Tips for Microsoft Flight Simulator Beginners","strippedTitle":"10 tips for microsoft flight simulator beginners","slug":"10-tips-for-microsoft-flight-simulator-beginners","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"These 10 tips will help you enjoy your time spent flying with Microsoft Flight Simulator, whether you're a beginner or seasoned player.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Like real-world flying, Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020 has a seemingly never-ending bag of tricks. Despite being an incredibly realistic sim, don’t forget that Flight Simulator is also a game — and there are <em>always</em> secrets and hints in games.\r\n\r\nThese tips can make hopping into the cockpit and exploring the virtual world a little easier for beginners — and maybe even a bit more fun, too! Even a seasoned Flight Simulator veteran might find these tricks worth retaining, especially if you plan to play the game for many moons to come.\r\n\r\nFor more information related to these tips, check out my book <em>Microsoft Flight Simulator For Dummies</em>.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Start in midair</h2>\r\nDid you know you can completely skip the takeoff sequence? It's true, and you may prefer starting in midair if you want to (initially) avoid what can be a lengthy learning experience.\r\n\r\nTo start your flights already in midair, follow these steps:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Go to the World Map.</li>\r\n \t<li>Left-click or press A anywhere on the World Map that isn't an airport.</li>\r\n \t<li>Choose the Set As Departure option from the pop-up menu shown in the figure below.</li>\r\n \t<li>Press the Fly button in the lower right of the screen to start your flight.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297828\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297828\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-departure-point.jpg\" alt=\"Flight simulator screenshot showing how to choose a departure point for a start in midair\" width=\"630\" height=\"384\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Choosing a departure point for starting a flight in midair[/caption]\r\n\r\nWhen you complete these steps, you can begin your journey at around 1,500 feet in the air.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Find animals quickly</h2>\r\nHow do you find animals so that you can get up close and personal? You can actually seek them out in a very simple way, and it only takes a few seconds. Follow these steps to get all the animal experiences you crave:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Go to the World Map.</li>\r\n \t<li>Type the word \"fauna\" in the search bar (found on the left side of the screen) and click the Search icon.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click to choose your next destination from the list of locations that feature animals.</li>\r\n \t<li>After you start your flight and you’re on your way to the chosen destination, access the Pause menu by pressing Escape or the Menu button.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click the Assistance tab.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click the Navigation menu and find the Fauna Markers option.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click to toggle on the option.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\nMarkers appear on the map to show where you can find animals along your route. You need to decide which animals you want to find, but with Fauna Markers turned on, this decision becomes less of a headache.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Refuel your aircraft anywhere</h2>\r\nIn Flight Simulator, you can refuel while flying without missing a beat. You just need to change your keybindings (options that are tied to a specific input device key or key combination), but that change doesn't take very long. Just follow these steps:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Access the Pause Menu and click the Controls tab.</li>\r\n \t<li>In the Controls Options window that appears (see below), choose the input type that you’re using. You can choose from Keyboard, Mouse, or Controller.</li>\r\n \t<li>Scroll down the resulting list of options and select the Repair and Refuel keybinding option. If you don’t want to scroll, you can type Repair and Refuel in the search bar in the left column of the Controls Options window, as shown in the figure below.</li>\r\n \t<li>Choose a key on your input device to which you want to bind the Repair and Refuel option.</li>\r\n \t<li>Press escape or the Menu button to exit the Pause menu screen.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297826\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297826\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-keybinding.jpg\" alt=\"Flight Simulator screenshot showing how to searching for the Repair and Refuel option for keybinding\" width=\"630\" height=\"276\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Searching for the Repair and Refuel option for keybinding[/caption]\r\n\r\nAfter you follow the preceding steps, you should still be in midair. You can press the key you just selected to instantly repair any issues with your aircraft that might be plaguing you at present, as well as receive an automatic refueling. You don't need to do anything special after that. Your gas gauge should be full once more!\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Turn off satellite overlay</h2>\r\nYou can toggle on an instrument flight rules (IFR) view that may mitigate potential issues with locating landmarks. When you use IFR view, you get a plain gray map that makes it a lot easier to see things like distance between points at a glance.\r\n\r\nTo turn on IFR view in the World Map, follow these steps:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>From the main screen open the World Map.</li>\r\n \t<li>Choose the Open Filters option that appears in the shortcut bar in the lower part of your screen. A window appears, as shown below, where you can scroll through filter options.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click the arrows to the left and right of the Background Map option to toggle the IFR option to replace Satellite.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297829\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297829\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-IFR-view.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing how to set IFR view\" width=\"630\" height=\"260\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Setting the World Map to IFR view[/caption]\r\n\r\nAfter following the preceding steps, you should have a better, more granular view of the Earth below.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab5\" >Explore outside the plane</h2>\r\nDid you know you can leave the plane in midair to look at the world around you? No, you aren't physically exiting the plane. But using a feature called <em>Active Pause,</em> you can take a look at your surroundings without having to land.\r\n\r\nActive Pause stops your plane right where it is, and you can explore your aircraft's cockpit, immediate surroundings in the air, or the entire world around you. Here's how to turn on Active Pause:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press Escape or the Menu button to go to the Pause menu, click on options, and click on the Assistance menu, which is shown in the figure below.</li>\r\n \t<li>Look for the Play/Pause icon on the toolbar that appears when you hover the mouse near the top of your screen. This icon represents a toggle for Active Pause.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click the Play/Pause icon to activate the Active Pause play mode.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297830\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297830\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-active-pause.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing the Active Pause mode\" width=\"630\" height=\"384\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Using the Active Pause mode[/caption]\r\n\r\nToggling on the Active Pause mode activates a drone that you can maneuver using the standard aircraft controls on the keyboard or controller. You can explore to your heart's content without ruining your flight. And you don't even have to stop playing to do it!\r\n<h2 id=\"tab6\" >Explore the streets</h2>\r\nYou may be playing a flight sim, but you still have plenty of ways to interact with the world around you. The same drone that allows you to exit the cockpit and travel around the world (during an Active Pause; see the preceding section) enables you to travel down to the streets and have a look around.\r\n\r\nIt may take a bit of doing because your plane is fairly high up in the sky, but you absolutely can take your drone down to the streets (see below).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297827\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297827\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-street-view.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing street view in Flight Simulator\" width=\"630\" height=\"355\" /> ©Microsoft<br />The street view in Flight Simulator[/caption]\r\n<h2 id=\"tab7\" >Speed up your flight</h2>\r\nYou can speed up the game's <em>sim rate</em> (the rate at which your flight proceeds along its route) in order to reach your destination more quickly. You can also fly to your endpoint more slowly if you want. You can adjust the sim rate up and down at your leisure.\r\n\r\n<strong>Follow these steps to adjust your game's sim rate if you’re playing on a PC:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press the R key on your keyboard.</li>\r\n \t<li>Hold the CTRL key and press either the plus (+) key or the minus (–) key on the number pad. As I’m sure you can guess, pressing + speeds up the sim rate and pressing – slows it down.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>Follow these steps to set your sim rate if you’re playing on a console:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press Escape or the Menu button to go to the Pause menu, select Options, and select Controls Options. From the Controls Options screen, as shown below, you need to assign a button for the sim rate.</li>\r\n \t<li>Type the search term sim rate in the search box on the left side of the Controls Options window, and then click the Search icon.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click to select the Sim Rate option.</li>\r\n \t<li>When prompted, choose a key or console button when prompted that you want to bind to your Sim Rate option.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297831\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297831\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-sim-rates.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing how to bind a keyboard button to adjust sim rates\" width=\"630\" height=\"276\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Bind a keyboard button so you can adjust sim rates[/caption]\r\n\r\nAfter following the preceding steps, you can adjust the sim rate on your console easily:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Slow down:</strong> Press your chosen button and the left trigger.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Speed up:</strong> Press your chosen button and the right trigger.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nBy adjusting your sim rate, you can take those cross-country (or across-the-globe) flights in record time.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab8\" >Fast travel to flight phases</h2>\r\nIf you don't care much for the lengthy cruise phase of a flight, you might opt to skip it entirely. You can do that. Instead of actively flying through the entire trip, you can fast travel to a phase that's more appealing to you. To use the Travel To option, just follow these steps:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press Escape or the Menu button to open your Pause menu.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click the Travel To button (which looks similar to a fast-forward button, as noted the figure below) to reveal your Travel To options. The Travel To window that appears lists the phases of your flight plan that you can choose from. The figure below shows Cruise, Descent, Approach, Final, and Taxi.</li>\r\n \t<li>Select the phase to which you want to fast travel.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297834\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297834\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-fast-travel.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing fast travel options\" width=\"630\" height=\"349\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Fast travel options[/caption]\r\n\r\nAfter you make your selection, your game skips to that phase. Hate taking off or cruising? Use this trick to skip past all of it!\r\n<h2 id=\"tab9\" >Customize your pilot avatar</h2>\r\nYou're more than just your plane in Flight Simulator. You have a pilot avatar, too! You might not see your avatar much while playing the game (your view is as the avatar in the cockpit), but you do have a character that represents you. Plus, you can change what your avatar looks like.\r\n\r\nTo customize your pilot avatar, follow these steps:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press Escape or the Menu button to open the Pause menu.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click Options and then General.</li>\r\n \t<li>In the General Options window that appears, click the Misc tab on the left.</li>\r\n \t<li>Under Pilot Avatar Settings, repeatedly click the forward or backward arrow beside the Pilot Avatar to scroll through your options. You can choose from 24 different pilot models. Find the one that suits you. The models appear on the right side of the General Options window, as shown below.</li>\r\n \t<li>When you find the avatar that matches your mood today, select it by making your choices and leaving the Misc menu.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297833\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297833\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-avatar.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing pilot avatar options\" width=\"630\" height=\"276\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Pilot avatar options[/caption]\r\n\r\nNow you can have a pilot that (hopefully) better represents you in the virtual world!\r\n<h2 id=\"tab10\" >Change your ATC call sign</h2>\r\nYou can actually change your <em>call sign,</em> or title, that the air traffic control team uses to identify and address you over the radio. Follow these steps to customize your call sign:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press Escape or the Menu button to go to the Pause menu.</li>\r\n \t<li>Select the correct option to go to the World Map.</li>\r\n \t<li>Choose ATC Options by clicking on your airplane in the upper left part of the screen, then select Customization from the menu on the left column.</li>\r\n \t<li>In the text box next to Call Sign (see below), type in your desired call sign. For example, perhaps you’d like to be known as 8675309. Choose a fun call sign, but don't be naughty. The game doesn’t recognize profanity, so keep it G-rated (or you may be banned from online play).</li>\r\n \t<li>Save your choice by leaving the menu and return to your game.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297832\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297832\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-change-call-sign.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing how to customize your call sign\" width=\"630\" height=\"355\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Call sign customization window[/caption]\r\n\r\nAfter you complete the preceding steps, ATC calls you by your desired call sign.","description":"Like real-world flying, Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020 has a seemingly never-ending bag of tricks. Despite being an incredibly realistic sim, don’t forget that Flight Simulator is also a game — and there are <em>always</em> secrets and hints in games.\r\n\r\nThese tips can make hopping into the cockpit and exploring the virtual world a little easier for beginners — and maybe even a bit more fun, too! Even a seasoned Flight Simulator veteran might find these tricks worth retaining, especially if you plan to play the game for many moons to come.\r\n\r\nFor more information related to these tips, check out my book <em>Microsoft Flight Simulator For Dummies</em>.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Start in midair</h2>\r\nDid you know you can completely skip the takeoff sequence? It's true, and you may prefer starting in midair if you want to (initially) avoid what can be a lengthy learning experience.\r\n\r\nTo start your flights already in midair, follow these steps:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Go to the World Map.</li>\r\n \t<li>Left-click or press A anywhere on the World Map that isn't an airport.</li>\r\n \t<li>Choose the Set As Departure option from the pop-up menu shown in the figure below.</li>\r\n \t<li>Press the Fly button in the lower right of the screen to start your flight.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297828\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297828\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-departure-point.jpg\" alt=\"Flight simulator screenshot showing how to choose a departure point for a start in midair\" width=\"630\" height=\"384\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Choosing a departure point for starting a flight in midair[/caption]\r\n\r\nWhen you complete these steps, you can begin your journey at around 1,500 feet in the air.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Find animals quickly</h2>\r\nHow do you find animals so that you can get up close and personal? You can actually seek them out in a very simple way, and it only takes a few seconds. Follow these steps to get all the animal experiences you crave:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Go to the World Map.</li>\r\n \t<li>Type the word \"fauna\" in the search bar (found on the left side of the screen) and click the Search icon.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click to choose your next destination from the list of locations that feature animals.</li>\r\n \t<li>After you start your flight and you’re on your way to the chosen destination, access the Pause menu by pressing Escape or the Menu button.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click the Assistance tab.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click the Navigation menu and find the Fauna Markers option.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click to toggle on the option.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\nMarkers appear on the map to show where you can find animals along your route. You need to decide which animals you want to find, but with Fauna Markers turned on, this decision becomes less of a headache.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Refuel your aircraft anywhere</h2>\r\nIn Flight Simulator, you can refuel while flying without missing a beat. You just need to change your keybindings (options that are tied to a specific input device key or key combination), but that change doesn't take very long. Just follow these steps:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Access the Pause Menu and click the Controls tab.</li>\r\n \t<li>In the Controls Options window that appears (see below), choose the input type that you’re using. You can choose from Keyboard, Mouse, or Controller.</li>\r\n \t<li>Scroll down the resulting list of options and select the Repair and Refuel keybinding option. If you don’t want to scroll, you can type Repair and Refuel in the search bar in the left column of the Controls Options window, as shown in the figure below.</li>\r\n \t<li>Choose a key on your input device to which you want to bind the Repair and Refuel option.</li>\r\n \t<li>Press escape or the Menu button to exit the Pause menu screen.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297826\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297826\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-keybinding.jpg\" alt=\"Flight Simulator screenshot showing how to searching for the Repair and Refuel option for keybinding\" width=\"630\" height=\"276\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Searching for the Repair and Refuel option for keybinding[/caption]\r\n\r\nAfter you follow the preceding steps, you should still be in midair. You can press the key you just selected to instantly repair any issues with your aircraft that might be plaguing you at present, as well as receive an automatic refueling. You don't need to do anything special after that. Your gas gauge should be full once more!\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Turn off satellite overlay</h2>\r\nYou can toggle on an instrument flight rules (IFR) view that may mitigate potential issues with locating landmarks. When you use IFR view, you get a plain gray map that makes it a lot easier to see things like distance between points at a glance.\r\n\r\nTo turn on IFR view in the World Map, follow these steps:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>From the main screen open the World Map.</li>\r\n \t<li>Choose the Open Filters option that appears in the shortcut bar in the lower part of your screen. A window appears, as shown below, where you can scroll through filter options.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click the arrows to the left and right of the Background Map option to toggle the IFR option to replace Satellite.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297829\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297829\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-IFR-view.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing how to set IFR view\" width=\"630\" height=\"260\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Setting the World Map to IFR view[/caption]\r\n\r\nAfter following the preceding steps, you should have a better, more granular view of the Earth below.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab5\" >Explore outside the plane</h2>\r\nDid you know you can leave the plane in midair to look at the world around you? No, you aren't physically exiting the plane. But using a feature called <em>Active Pause,</em> you can take a look at your surroundings without having to land.\r\n\r\nActive Pause stops your plane right where it is, and you can explore your aircraft's cockpit, immediate surroundings in the air, or the entire world around you. Here's how to turn on Active Pause:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press Escape or the Menu button to go to the Pause menu, click on options, and click on the Assistance menu, which is shown in the figure below.</li>\r\n \t<li>Look for the Play/Pause icon on the toolbar that appears when you hover the mouse near the top of your screen. This icon represents a toggle for Active Pause.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click the Play/Pause icon to activate the Active Pause play mode.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297830\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297830\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-active-pause.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing the Active Pause mode\" width=\"630\" height=\"384\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Using the Active Pause mode[/caption]\r\n\r\nToggling on the Active Pause mode activates a drone that you can maneuver using the standard aircraft controls on the keyboard or controller. You can explore to your heart's content without ruining your flight. And you don't even have to stop playing to do it!\r\n<h2 id=\"tab6\" >Explore the streets</h2>\r\nYou may be playing a flight sim, but you still have plenty of ways to interact with the world around you. The same drone that allows you to exit the cockpit and travel around the world (during an Active Pause; see the preceding section) enables you to travel down to the streets and have a look around.\r\n\r\nIt may take a bit of doing because your plane is fairly high up in the sky, but you absolutely can take your drone down to the streets (see below).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297827\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297827\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-street-view.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing street view in Flight Simulator\" width=\"630\" height=\"355\" /> ©Microsoft<br />The street view in Flight Simulator[/caption]\r\n<h2 id=\"tab7\" >Speed up your flight</h2>\r\nYou can speed up the game's <em>sim rate</em> (the rate at which your flight proceeds along its route) in order to reach your destination more quickly. You can also fly to your endpoint more slowly if you want. You can adjust the sim rate up and down at your leisure.\r\n\r\n<strong>Follow these steps to adjust your game's sim rate if you’re playing on a PC:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press the R key on your keyboard.</li>\r\n \t<li>Hold the CTRL key and press either the plus (+) key or the minus (–) key on the number pad. As I’m sure you can guess, pressing + speeds up the sim rate and pressing – slows it down.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>Follow these steps to set your sim rate if you’re playing on a console:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press Escape or the Menu button to go to the Pause menu, select Options, and select Controls Options. From the Controls Options screen, as shown below, you need to assign a button for the sim rate.</li>\r\n \t<li>Type the search term sim rate in the search box on the left side of the Controls Options window, and then click the Search icon.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click to select the Sim Rate option.</li>\r\n \t<li>When prompted, choose a key or console button when prompted that you want to bind to your Sim Rate option.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297831\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297831\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-sim-rates.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing how to bind a keyboard button to adjust sim rates\" width=\"630\" height=\"276\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Bind a keyboard button so you can adjust sim rates[/caption]\r\n\r\nAfter following the preceding steps, you can adjust the sim rate on your console easily:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Slow down:</strong> Press your chosen button and the left trigger.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Speed up:</strong> Press your chosen button and the right trigger.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nBy adjusting your sim rate, you can take those cross-country (or across-the-globe) flights in record time.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab8\" >Fast travel to flight phases</h2>\r\nIf you don't care much for the lengthy cruise phase of a flight, you might opt to skip it entirely. You can do that. Instead of actively flying through the entire trip, you can fast travel to a phase that's more appealing to you. To use the Travel To option, just follow these steps:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press Escape or the Menu button to open your Pause menu.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click the Travel To button (which looks similar to a fast-forward button, as noted the figure below) to reveal your Travel To options. The Travel To window that appears lists the phases of your flight plan that you can choose from. The figure below shows Cruise, Descent, Approach, Final, and Taxi.</li>\r\n \t<li>Select the phase to which you want to fast travel.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297834\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297834\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-fast-travel.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing fast travel options\" width=\"630\" height=\"349\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Fast travel options[/caption]\r\n\r\nAfter you make your selection, your game skips to that phase. Hate taking off or cruising? Use this trick to skip past all of it!\r\n<h2 id=\"tab9\" >Customize your pilot avatar</h2>\r\nYou're more than just your plane in Flight Simulator. You have a pilot avatar, too! You might not see your avatar much while playing the game (your view is as the avatar in the cockpit), but you do have a character that represents you. Plus, you can change what your avatar looks like.\r\n\r\nTo customize your pilot avatar, follow these steps:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press Escape or the Menu button to open the Pause menu.</li>\r\n \t<li>Click Options and then General.</li>\r\n \t<li>In the General Options window that appears, click the Misc tab on the left.</li>\r\n \t<li>Under Pilot Avatar Settings, repeatedly click the forward or backward arrow beside the Pilot Avatar to scroll through your options. You can choose from 24 different pilot models. Find the one that suits you. The models appear on the right side of the General Options window, as shown below.</li>\r\n \t<li>When you find the avatar that matches your mood today, select it by making your choices and leaving the Misc menu.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297833\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297833\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-avatar.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing pilot avatar options\" width=\"630\" height=\"276\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Pilot avatar options[/caption]\r\n\r\nNow you can have a pilot that (hopefully) better represents you in the virtual world!\r\n<h2 id=\"tab10\" >Change your ATC call sign</h2>\r\nYou can actually change your <em>call sign,</em> or title, that the air traffic control team uses to identify and address you over the radio. Follow these steps to customize your call sign:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Press Escape or the Menu button to go to the Pause menu.</li>\r\n \t<li>Select the correct option to go to the World Map.</li>\r\n \t<li>Choose ATC Options by clicking on your airplane in the upper left part of the screen, then select Customization from the menu on the left column.</li>\r\n \t<li>In the text box next to Call Sign (see below), type in your desired call sign. For example, perhaps you’d like to be known as 8675309. Choose a fun call sign, but don't be naughty. The game doesn’t recognize profanity, so keep it G-rated (or you may be banned from online play).</li>\r\n \t<li>Save your choice by leaving the menu and return to your game.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297832\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-297832\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/flight-simulator-change-call-sign.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot showing how to customize your call sign\" width=\"630\" height=\"355\" /> ©Microsoft<br />Call sign customization window[/caption]\r\n\r\nAfter you complete the preceding steps, ATC calls you by your desired call sign.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":35237,"name":"Brittany Vincent","slug":"brittany-vincent","description":"","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35237"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33642,"title":"Microsoft Products","slug":"microsoft-products","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33642"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"Start in midair","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Find animals quickly","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"Refuel your aircraft anywhere","target":"#tab3"},{"label":"Turn off satellite overlay","target":"#tab4"},{"label":"Explore outside the plane","target":"#tab5"},{"label":"Explore the streets","target":"#tab6"},{"label":"Speed up your flight","target":"#tab7"},{"label":"Fast travel to flight phases","target":"#tab8"},{"label":"Customize your pilot avatar","target":"#tab9"},{"label":"Change your ATC call sign","target":"#tab10"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":297842,"title":"How to Read Aircraft Instruments in Microsoft Flight 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Flight Simulator For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"","authors":[{"authorId":35237,"name":"Brittany Vincent","slug":"brittany-vincent","description":"","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35237"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;microsoft-products&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119828457&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6411ddaea3954\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;microsoft-products&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119828457&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6411ddaea46fe\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-03-13T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":297824},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2023-03-07T21:17:44+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-03-08T15:56:56+00:00","timestamp":"2023-03-08T18:01:22+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Software","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33618"},"slug":"software","categoryId":33618},{"name":"Microsoft Products","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33642"},"slug":"microsoft-products","categoryId":33642}],"title":"Microsoft Flight Simulator For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"microsoft flight simulator for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"microsoft-flight-simulator-for-dummies","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This Cheat Sheet provides some beginner tips, covers how to use the autopilot, and runs through the steps of a basic flight.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"If you're new to Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020, you have much to learn. Having an entire simulated world available for flying may be overwhelming for budding pilots, but checking out this Cheat Sheet can help you find a path forward.\r\n\r\nThese tips will help you get started, choose the right airplane, understand autopilot controls, and earn your wings in no time.","description":"If you're new to Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020, you have much to learn. Having an entire simulated world available for flying may be overwhelming for budding pilots, but checking out this Cheat Sheet can help you find a path forward.\r\n\r\nThese tips will help you get started, choose the right airplane, understand autopilot controls, and earn your wings in no time.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":35237,"name":"Brittany Vincent","slug":"brittany-vincent","description":"<strong><span class=\"a-text-bold\">Brittany Vincent</span></strong> is a journalist specializing in the video game industry with nearly a decade and a half of experience reviewing games, reporting on the industry, and aiding manufacturers in research. Her work has appeared on CNET, CNN.com, and numerous other publications. She is also a frequent guest at gaming conven­tions and events.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35237"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33642,"title":"Microsoft Products","slug":"microsoft-products","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33642"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":296845,"slug":"microsoft-flight-simulator-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119828457","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119828457/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119828457/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119828457-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119828457/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119828457/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/microsoft-flight-simulator-for-dummies-cover-9781119828457-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Microsoft Flight Simulator For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"<p><strong><span class=\"a-text-bold\"><b data-author-id=\"35237\">Brittany Vincent</b></span></strong> is a journalist specializing in the video game industry with nearly a decade and a half of experience reviewing games, reporting on the industry, and aiding manufacturers in research. Her work has appeared on CNET, CNN.com, and numerous other publications. She is also a frequent guest at gaming conven­tions and events.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":35237,"name":"Brittany Vincent","slug":"brittany-vincent","description":"<strong><span class=\"a-text-bold\">Brittany Vincent</span></strong> is a journalist specializing in the video game industry with nearly a decade and a half of experience reviewing games, reporting on the industry, and aiding manufacturers in research. Her work has appeared on CNET, CNN.com, and numerous other publications. She is also a frequent guest at gaming conven­tions and events.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35237"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;microsoft-products&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119828457&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6408cd72e6e28\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;software&quot;,&quot;microsoft-products&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119828457&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6408cd72e74da\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":0,"title":"","slug":null,"categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/"}}],"content":[{"title":"How to start flying with confidence","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>All airplanes work on the same principles, but some are easier to pilot than others. The key to becoming a proficient pilot in Microsoft Flight Simulator is to start small, learn the basic principles, and let the game itself help you out.</p>\n<p>Here are some tips for beginning the journey:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Start with the Cessna 152</strong> (either the base model or its GPS navigation-equipped sub-model). The Cessna can operate from almost any airfield and has a low takeoff and stall speed, making it easy to get off the runway and into the air — and stay there.</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">If you want to learn how to fly, it&#8217;s best not to start with an airliner or fighter jet. Those airplanes are amazing, but they&#8217;re meant for advanced pilots that are comfortable with an aircraft&#8217;s various systems and controls.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Practice by using the in-game tutorials.</strong> Flight Simulator has a fairly extensive series of tutorials that teach you the basics of taking off, flying, landing, and all the steps in between. Running through the tutorials won&#8217;t instantly turn you into an expert pilot, but doing so can teach you the basic concepts of flight.</li>\n<li><strong>Put the in-game assists to good use.</strong> Flight Simulator includes a variety of artificial intelligence (AI) assists that can help you on your virtual journeys. Automating activities such as trim settings or letting the AI automatically prevent stalling can be a huge help when you’re just starting to fly or if you just want a more relaxing experience in general.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"How to use the autopilot","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Even when you fly without using the Flight Simulator in-game assists, you can use your autopilot (if your aircraft is so equipped) for longer journeys.</p>\n<p>You can interact with your autopilot by using the cockpit controls, but you may find that using the keyboard shortcuts in this table is quicker, safer, and more convenient.</p>\n<p><strong>Autopilot keyboard shortcuts</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"129\"><strong>Autopilot Control</strong></td>\n<td width=\"129\"><strong>Shortcut</strong></td>\n<td width=\"129\"><strong>Autopilot Control</strong></td>\n<td width=\"129\"><strong>Shortcut</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"129\">Autopilot On</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Alt+Z</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Autopilot Airspeed Hold</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Alt+R</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"129\">Autopilot Off</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Shift+ALT+Z</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Autopilot N1 Hold</td>\n<td width=\"129\">CTRL+S</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"129\">Autopilot NAV1 Hold</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+N</td>\n<td width=\"129\"></td>\n<td width=\"129\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"129\">Increase Autopilot N1 Reference</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+Home</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Decrease Autopilot N1 Reference</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+END</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"129\">Increase Autopilot Reference Airspeed</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Shift+Ctrl+Insert</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Decrease Autopilot Reference Airspeed</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Shift+Ctrl+Del</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"129\">Increase Autopilot Reference Altitude</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+PgUp</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Decrease Autopilot Reference Altitude</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+PgDn</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"129\">Increase Autopilot Reference Vs</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+Home</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Decrease Autopilot Reference Vs</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+End</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"129\">Toggle Autopilot Approach Hold</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+A</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Toggle Autopilot Mach Hold</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+M</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"129\">Toggle Autopilot Attitude Hold</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+T</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Toggle Autopilot Localizer Hold</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+O</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"129\">Toggle Autopilot Master</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Z</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Toggle Autopilot Wind Leveller</td>\n<td width=\"129\">Ctrl+V</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"How to plan for realistic flights","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When flying in Flight Simulator, your path travels above a one-to-one representation of Earth, so plan your journeys accordingly. For example, taking the pilot&#8217;s seat on a cross-country flight from Los Angeles to New York City might seem like a cool idea at first, but realize that it’s a five-hour non-stop flight.</p>\n<p>Fortunately, you can skip to any part of a journey using the in-game menu, but if you&#8217;re flying in real (not accelerated) time, skipping is not an option. Try starting with a 20- to 30-minute flight and slowly increase your time in the air as you gain more skill.</p>\n"},{"title":"How to make a flight, from takeoff to landing","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Regardless of where you decide to take off and land in the world of Flight Simulator, the flight follows procedures similar to those outlined in this article. The specific instructions assume that you use the Cessna 152 for the example flight.</p>\n<h3>Startup</h3>\n<p>A cold and dark start requires you to run through the entire checklist for the aircraft. Starting from a parked position is one of the best ways to familiarize yourself with an aircraft&#8217;s cockpit. The Cessna&#8217;s cockpit is relatively simple, but the basics of the startup sequence are similar on every aircraft.</p>\n<p>When you spawn (load into the program) into the airport of your choice, you can either pull up Flight Simulator’s built-in checklist or track down an authentic one online to get started.</p>\n<p>The in-game checklist for the Cessna is decent, but not every aircraft checklist is up to the same standards. Some give you detailed startup instructions and steps for each part of the flight, but others give you the bare minimum to get the engines started.</p>\n<p>To startup the aircraft and get it ready to taxi, use the controls you find in-game and in the cockpit, and follow these steps:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Open the Fuel Shutoff Valve on the floor near the pilot&#8217;s seat.</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Check that the parking brake is set.</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Set the fuel mixture to rich (100 percent).</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Set the carburetor heat to Cold (0 percent).</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Prime the engine twice.</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Open the throttle one-half inch (about 20 percent).</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Turn on the Battery Master Switch and Alternator Master Switch.</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Turn the ignition to the start position.</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Adjust the throttle until the engine is at 1,000 RPM.</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Ensure the oil pressure stays in the green as the engine warms up.</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Turn on the beacon and navigation lights.</strong></li>\n</ol>\n<p>At this point the aircraft is prepared to taxi.</p>\n<h3>Taxiing</h3>\n<p>Now that the plane is powered and ready to take off, you need to listen to your local automatic terminal information service (ATIS) for valuable flight information. Tune into the information channel on your radio (the game gives you the frequency) and check the local altimeter pressure and adjust this setting accordingly.</p>\n<p class=\"article-tips remember\">Adjusting the altimeter pressure is an essential step for aircraft like the Cessna that don&#8217;t have a Radar Altimeter, especially if you&#8217;re planning to fly an instrument flight rules (IFR) plan.</p>\n<p>Before you can taxi, you need to get permission to do so. Assuming visual flight rules (VFR) for this flight, you need to tune the radio to ground clearance frequency and request taxi directions to the runway.</p>\n<p>You need to tell the air traffic controllers (ATC) your direction of departure, so check your map if you don&#8217;t already know it. When you contact ATC for taxi clearance, they give you the route you must take to the runway. The transmitted instructions read something like this:</p>\n<p>&#8220;Cessna N177AB, taxi to and hold short of runway 35L via taxiway L M cross runway 29 B F A C. Contact tower on 124.2 when ready.&#8221;</p>\n<p>These instructions translate to the following route:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> From where you&#8217;re parked, take taxiway L.</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Turn onto taxiway M when you see it.</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Stay on taxiway M and cross runway 29 when you reach it.</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Turn onto taxiway B, then F, then A, then C.</strong></li>\n<li><strong> Hold at the line just before you&#8217;d move onto runway 35L.</strong></li>\n</ol>\n<p>After you reach the hold line, contact the tower (frequency given is 124.2) and request permission for takeoff. When you receive approval, move onto the runway, and stop at the takeoff line.</p>\n<h3>Taking off and flying</h3>\n<p>Taking off is one of the easier parts of flying in Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020. While stopping at the takeoff line, run a quick check to ensure everything is configured correctly. When you&#8217;re satisfied with your aircraft’s readiness and position on the runway, throttle up to 100 percent and head down the runway.</p>\n<p>The Cessna is a pretty slow aircraft, but you don&#8217;t need much speed to take off. With 10 percent of flaps, the Cessna takes off at an <em>indicated airspeed in knots</em> (KIAS) of 54 and has a ridiculously low stall speed of 40 KIAS.</p>\n<p>After you pitch up the aircraft’s nose and take off, you need to raise your flaps. Make sure to keep your angle of attack in the high green or low yellow and trim out the plane to get it in a steady climb without losing speed.</p>\n<p>ATC lets you know the altitude you need to reach, and you just need to follow their instructions as you head to your destination. The usual straight-line flying for VFR makes for a reasonably stress-free trip.</p>\n<h3>Landing</h3>\n<p>When you get within radio distance of your destination, you can request a landing. You may have a choice of runways, which can be confusing if you&#8217;re unfamiliar with the airport.</p>\n<p>In this case, you can turn on the landing path display in the Microsoft Flight Simulator AI assist. You can still control the landing, but the assist gives you a clear indicator of how to make the approach.</p>\n<p>Landing can be tricky, but the Cessna is very forgiving. Follow these guidelines:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> When you’re inbound on the chosen a runway, continue notifying ATC of which leg of the landing approach that you&#8217;re currently flying.</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Bleed off speed as you make your descent by lowering your engine RPMs.\n<p></strong>With flaps up, you can land at around 60-70 KIAS. However, if you find you&#8217;re coming in too fast, you can deploy flaps to use as a pseudo-airbrake. Just make sure you don&#8217;t accidentally get underneath your stall speed.</li>\n<li><strong> After you touch down, apply your brakes, cut your throttle, and begin your taxi.\n<p></strong>You can pull off on the nearest taxiway and head toward general parking if ATC hasn&#8217;t given you a particular route.</li>\n<li><strong> After you reach general parking, find an empty space with a pushback tug.</strong></li>\n</ol>\n<p>A flagger may guide you into the parking spot. You can then set the parking brake, cut the fuel, and turn off your electronics to end the flight.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Two 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3,202 results
3,202 results
PowerPoint How To Hyperlink Between Slides in PowerPoint 2016

Step by Step / Updated 06-05-2023

In PowerPoint 2016, a hyperlink is simply a bit of text or a graphic image that you can click when viewing a slide to summon another slide, another presentation, or perhaps some other type of document, such as a Word document or an Excel spreadsheet. The hyperlink may also lead to a page on the web. Adding a hyperlink to a presentation is easy. Just follow these steps:

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Other Software SPSS Statistics Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 06-02-2023

This Cheat Sheet is a handy reference to some of the most commonly used data preparation techniques in SPSS Statistics. It also includes information about the different types of graphs you can create, given the level of measurement of the variables. You'll also find some of the questions you should ask yourself when first looking at a data set in SPSS Statistics.

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Logic Pro X Logic Pro For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 06-02-2023

Logic Pro is software for music producers who compose, record, arrange, edit, and mix music. Logic Pro is fun and easy to use, and it gives you a powerful set of tools to edit and polish your music to near perfection. To efficiently capture and hone your ideas, here are some quick and easy tips for the various phases of a Logic Pro project.

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PowerPoint Applying Artistic Effects in PowerPoint 2013

Article / Updated 04-17-2023

The Artistic Effects command in PowerPoint 2013 applies one of several special filters to your picture in an effort to make the picture look like it was created by an artist rather than photographed with a $60 digital camera. Depending on the nature of the original picture, the results may or may not be convincing; the only way to find out is to try. Here is a list of the artistic effects that are available on the Artistic Effects button: Marker Pencil Grayscale Pencil Sketch Line Drawing Chalk Sketch Paint Strokes Paint Brush Glow Diffused Blur Light Screen Watercolor Sponge Film Grain Mosaic Bubbles Glass Cement Texturizer Crisscross Etching Pastels Smooth Plastic Wrap Cutout Photocopy Glow Edges To apply one of these effects, simply double-click the picture, click the Artistic Effects button on the Picture Tools Format tab, and choose the effect you want from the gallery. To give you an idea of what these effects can accomplish, this figure shows how a photograph appears with the Pencil Sketch, Watercolor Sponge, and Plastic Wrap filters applied.

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General Microsoft Shortcuts in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2016

Article / Updated 04-14-2023

By touching a couple of keys in combination in Office 2016 programs, you can save time with simple tasks, such as copying text from one place and pasting it somewhere else. The keyboard shortcuts included here work equally well in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2016. Both mouse and keyboard methods are provided here. To do this With the mouse With the keyboard Open a file File→Open Ctrl+O Create a new file File→New Ctrl+N Print active document File→Print Ctrl+P Save your work (first time), or resave with same settings File→Save Ctrl+S Save your work with different name, location, or type File→Save As F12 Copy selection to Clipboard Home→ Copy Ctrl+C Cut selection to Clipboard Home→ Cut Ctrl+X Paste selection to Clipboard Home→ Paste Ctrl+V Open the Paste Special dialog box Home→Paste→Paste Special Ctrl+Shift+V Display shortcut menu for selected item Right-click item Shift+F10 Left-align a paragraph Home→ Left Align Ctrl+L Center a paragraph Home→ Center Ctrl+E Right-align a paragraph Home→ Right Align Ctrl+R Make text bold Home→ Bold Ctrl+B Make text italicized Home→ Italic Ctrl+I Make text underlined Home→Underline Ctrl+U Make text larger Home→Increase Font Size Ctrl+> Make text smaller Home→Decrease Font Size Ctrl+< Undo previous action Undo button on Quick Access toolbar Ctrl+Z Redo previous Undo Redo button on Quick Access toolbar Ctrl+Y Insert hyperlink Insert→Hyperlink Ctrl+K Get help Type in Tellme what you want to do box F1 Close the active file File→Close Ctrl+F4 Close the application Close button on application window Alt+F4 Check spelling Review→Spelling F7

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Design Software Building Information Modeling For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-04-2023

Building information modeling (BIM) is the beginning of a major shift in the way the built environment is designed, constructed, and operated, and you can be part of that revolution without needing to pay someone to do it for you. With some key changes to the way you work, you can walk the BIM walk as well as talking the BIM talk. This Cheat Sheet helps you set some fundamental goals for your BIM journey so you can get a hold of the information to start and to make progress with BIM implementation. BIM has many acronyms and it may feel as if BIM has a language of its own. After you know what they mean, you can be speak “BIM-ese” in no time!

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Microsoft Products How To Play Microsoft Flight Simulator

Article / Updated 03-16-2023

Giving people a chance to fly without all the time, money, and risk that goes into actual piloting makes flight-simulator video games such a fun and rewarding experience. Microsoft Flight Simulator is currently the best of its kind for casual players and hardcore enthusiasts alike. Currently, you can purchase three different versions of Flight Simulator: the Standard, Deluxe, and Premium Deluxe editions. Differences among editions include the number and type of available airports and aircraft, and of course, the price. Even the Standard version of Flight Simulator includes around 37,000 airports! Other good news is that the game is largely the same across platforms (PC and Xbox series), so you won’t compromise the experience when it comes to choosing the platform you want to play on. What platforms can you use to play Microsoft Flight Simulator? Flight Simulator originally debuted as a PC-only title when it first released in August 2020. It also received a special virtual-reality version in December 2020, the first time any flight simulator had done so. Though it remained a PC exclusive title for some time, on July 27, 2021, Flight Simulator debuted on Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S. The game likely won’t be available on PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, or Nintendo Switch in the near future, given that it’s a Microsoft-owned property. So, if you’re interested in playing, you need to have a PC or Xbox series platform. Here are a couple of thoughts for your platform choice: On an Xbox: You may find that picking up an Xbox console (if you don’t already have one) makes playing the game simpler. Flight Simulator is highly playable on Xbox consoles and may be more accessible for those who aren’t comfortable configuring PC games and software. On a PC: Flight Simulator can be quite demanding on computers that don’t have pricey gaming equipment. On the other hand, you can expect awesome graphics if you play on a gaming PC that has the latest and greatest graphic card and processor. Which version should you buy? Each version of Flight Simulator differs in scope of content, such as airplanes and airports. The versions (depicted below) are priced in tiers, and depending on the experience you want from the game, you can expect more or less content based on how much you’re willing to pay. Hey, becoming a pilot isn’t cheap! Here’s a quick reference guide to what each version contains: Standard Edition: The base version of the game. It comes with 20 different planes and 30 enhanced airports, and it retails for $59.99 (USD, 2023). Deluxe Edition: This version of the game comes with everything in the Standard Edition, plus five additional enhanced airports and five additional airplanes. It retails for $89.99 (USD, 2023). The enhanced airports included are: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (Netherlands) Cairo International Airport (Egypt) Cape Town International Airport (South Africa) O’Hare International Airport (USA) Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas Airport (Spain) The additional airplanes included are: Diamond Aircraft DA40-TDI Diamond Aircraft DV20 Textron Aviation Inc. Beechcraft Baron G58 Textron Aviation Inc. Cessna 152 Aerobat Textron Aviation Inc. Cessna 172 Skyhawk Premium Deluxe Edition: This version of the game comes with everything that the Deluxe Edition includes, as well as five more enhanced airports and another five airplanes. It retails for $119.99 (USD, 2023). The enhanced airports included are: Denver International Airport (USA) Dubai International Airport (UAE) Frankfurt Airport (Germany) Heathrow Airport (UK) San Francisco International Airport (USA) The additional planes included are: Boeing Company 787-10 Dreamliner Cirrus Aircraft SR22 Pipistrel Virus SW 121 Textron Aviation Inc. Cessna Citation Longitude Zlin Aviation Shock Ultra If you decide that you want to upgrade to the Deluxe or Premium Deluxe editions later on, you just have to pay the difference on the platform of your choice. You can download the additional content you were missing to the installation you already have. No pressure! Wait, what are enhanced airports? Don’t confuse the small number of enhanced airports in the different versions of the game with the total number of airports that you can fly out of (around 37,000). More enhanced airports come with the Deluxe and Premium Deluxe versions, which means you get adapted constructions of airports (for example, Chicago O’Hare) that are more true-to-life than what they’d normally be in-game. Game designers handcraft an enhanced airport from the ground up to look exactly like the locations in question; the standard, procedurally generated airports aren’t nearly as detailed. So, if you have a soft spot in your heart for the San Francisco International Airport, you might want to pick up the version of the game that includes its enhanced version so that you can see it just like it looks in your mind’s eye. The enhanced airports may end up making it a much more exciting game to jump into — and you want to get the most out of your money, of course! What do you need to get started? Depending on which version of Flight Simulator you plan on playing, the answer to what you need varies. For the most part, whether you’re playing on PC, Xbox Series X, or Xbox Series S, you need only a copy of the game, your platform of choice, and some type of input. Your input can be a mouse and keyboard, game controller (I recommend an Xbox controller if you have one), or flight stick. Obviously, you can find a wide variety of all these things. But if you want to use a controller, you can simply use the Xbox gamepad that comes with your Xbox Series X or Xbox Series S by default. Otherwise, you need your sense of adventure and a little patience. Rome wasn’t built in a day. You can’t earn your fictional pilot’s license in a day, either. You have a lot to learn, but don’t get discouraged. As with all things, practice makes perfect, and the more time you spend learning to fly, the more you retain. The more you retain, the better you perform. The better you perform, the more you want to fly. And then, before you know it, you might want to try your luck behind the controls of a real plane! You might want to; not me. I’m still a little too terrified. Heights are not my thing.

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Microsoft Products How to Read Aircraft Instruments in Microsoft Flight Simulator

Article / Updated 03-15-2023

To successfully fly in Microsoft Flight Simulator, you need to know how to use the various instruments included in your cockpit. At first, getting to know and understand each instrument may seem confusing. But, with a little time and guidance, you can discover what every instrument does, as well as how to read it during flight. The instruments in Flight Simulator can tell you how fast you’re going (airspeed), how high up you are (altitude), and other vital information you need to know, such as the direction you’re flying (your current heading). Flight Simulator has two primary types of cockpits that you can become acquainted with: An analog cockpit relies on analog instruments that appear as dials and gauges and rely on mechanical measurements to display information. You need to know how to read the various needles and indicators that relay these measurements. A glass cockpit relies on multiple electronic panels to sift through and display important information to you digitally during flight. This means you’ll get a direct readout rather than you having to interpret analog dials and gauges. Reading analog instruments Many of the planes in Flight Simulator have analog cockpits, especially the older planes. In fact, many of the planes that you fly during the game’s tutorial lessons rely on analog instruments for vital information such as heading, altitude, and so on. For that reason alone, you need to know how to read analog instruments early on in your career with Flight Simulator. However, some planes are hybrids with a combination of analog and digital systems. For example, the Cessna 172 includes a digital radio and navigation system but uses analog gauges for nearly everything else. Coming to terms with the instruments in your aircraft is about identifying each panel — where it is and what it does. Although a cockpit may look daunting at first, knowing the basics of each instrument (position and function) can make your flights easier in the long run. Overall, the exact layout, functionality, and appearance of instruments may vary depending on your aircraft. However, several fundamental instrument types are in each cockpit, so get acquainted with them. For this example, I present the cockpit of a Cessna 152, as shown below. The callouts in the figure above correspond with some of the instruments in this list: Airspeed indicator: Displays your airspeed (how fast you’re traveling), measured in knots (which is one nautical mile per hour). Pay special attention to this instrument during flight because aircraft are very sensitive to speed. For example, unlike cars, which will just stop in one place if you run out of speed, an airplane will drop like a rock. This situation is obviously bad for the pilot. The white lines on the airspeed indicator signal that you can extend the flaps at those speeds. Remember that the higher the speed, the lower the tilt (using the rudders to pivot the plane up or down). The green line marks the speed range in which you can safely tilt the rudders at their full range of movement. The yellow range means you’re quickly approaching the limit of the plane’s structural strength. Attitude indicator: Shows the current orientation of the plane in space. You make use of this instrument when you have to fly based on your instruments to ensure your angle of approach does not exceed recommendations. The brown portion in this indicator signifies the ground, and the blue part indicates the sky. Altimeter: Shows you the current ceiling (meaning the maximum density altitude an aircraft can reach) in feet or meters. Keep in mind that the altimeter measures the elevation of your craft Above Sea Level (ASL). Just because you’re on the ground doesn’t mean that you have an altimeter value of zero. When your craft is on the ground, the altimeter shows a value of anywhere from a few hundred feet to several thousand feet, depending on the elevation above sea level of the airport you’re currently visiting. Before takeoff, tune the altimeter to the barometric pressure at the airport’s location. Throttle RPM meter: Shows you the current revolutions per minute (RPMs) of the plane’s engine. Flaps control: Controls the flaps on the rear of the wings. Essentially, you can adjust these mechanisms to provide more load-bearing force — allowing the plane to take off from a shorter distance — or keep the plane airborne at a low speed. Additionally, flaps may be used to slow down the plane. Fuel Mixture control: Regulates how much fuel is injected into the engine. You need to reduce or increase the ratio of fuel to air being injected, depending on the altitude and density of the air that you’re flying through. Throttle: The throttle is pretty self-explanatory; it’s essentially your gas pedal. It controls the amount of fuel and air that is being injected into the engine. The more open the throttle, the more power the engine produces. Unlike cars, which have a gearbox to transfer power to the wheels, airplanes are direct drive, which means an increase in throttle always manifests as a higher RPM. Pitch Trim: By far one of the most important mechanisms in the cockpit. When set correctly, it allows the plane to fly without the pilot having to continuously hold the steering bar (also called the yoke). You may need to make adjustments to the pitch trim (which maneuvers the aircraft elevators) constantly throughout the flight in order to maintain altitude or a steady climb or decent. Vertical Speed indicator: Showcases the current speed of ascent or descent. It measures your plane’s speed in feet per minute. This instrument never sticks rigidly in one place; expect it to fluctuate. When landing or ascending, the standard rate of speed on this instrument varies from plane to plane. Current Heading: Shows the aircraft’s current heading course throughout the flight. The heading is essentially the direction that the aircraft is traveling relative to the magnetic north. The cardinal headings include: North at 360 or 0 degrees East at 90 degrees South at 180 degrees West at 270 degrees The Current Heading indicator itself gets input from a gyroscope, so you can expect it to show the wrong direction when not calibrated properly. Unfortunately, it becomes misaligned by itself often, and you need to calibrate it throughout your flight by resetting it every 10 to 15 minutes and ensuring it lines up with your compass. Parking brake: The parking brake is exactly what it sounds like. Use it at every takeoff and taxi situation to avoid any issues with air traffic control. Remember, when your aircraft’s engine is on, it generates thrust, even at idle. If you don’t make sure your parking brake is on, you may look down to hit a switch and find you’re rolling along.

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Microsoft Products 10 Tips for Microsoft Flight Simulator Beginners

Article / Updated 03-15-2023

Like real-world flying, Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020 has a seemingly never-ending bag of tricks. Despite being an incredibly realistic sim, don’t forget that Flight Simulator is also a game — and there are always secrets and hints in games. These tips can make hopping into the cockpit and exploring the virtual world a little easier for beginners — and maybe even a bit more fun, too! Even a seasoned Flight Simulator veteran might find these tricks worth retaining, especially if you plan to play the game for many moons to come. For more information related to these tips, check out my book Microsoft Flight Simulator For Dummies. Start in midair Did you know you can completely skip the takeoff sequence? It's true, and you may prefer starting in midair if you want to (initially) avoid what can be a lengthy learning experience. To start your flights already in midair, follow these steps: Go to the World Map. Left-click or press A anywhere on the World Map that isn't an airport. Choose the Set As Departure option from the pop-up menu shown in the figure below. Press the Fly button in the lower right of the screen to start your flight. When you complete these steps, you can begin your journey at around 1,500 feet in the air. Find animals quickly How do you find animals so that you can get up close and personal? You can actually seek them out in a very simple way, and it only takes a few seconds. Follow these steps to get all the animal experiences you crave: Go to the World Map. Type the word "fauna" in the search bar (found on the left side of the screen) and click the Search icon. Click to choose your next destination from the list of locations that feature animals. After you start your flight and you’re on your way to the chosen destination, access the Pause menu by pressing Escape or the Menu button. Click the Assistance tab. Click the Navigation menu and find the Fauna Markers option. Click to toggle on the option. Markers appear on the map to show where you can find animals along your route. You need to decide which animals you want to find, but with Fauna Markers turned on, this decision becomes less of a headache. Refuel your aircraft anywhere In Flight Simulator, you can refuel while flying without missing a beat. You just need to change your keybindings (options that are tied to a specific input device key or key combination), but that change doesn't take very long. Just follow these steps: Access the Pause Menu and click the Controls tab. In the Controls Options window that appears (see below), choose the input type that you’re using. You can choose from Keyboard, Mouse, or Controller. Scroll down the resulting list of options and select the Repair and Refuel keybinding option. If you don’t want to scroll, you can type Repair and Refuel in the search bar in the left column of the Controls Options window, as shown in the figure below. Choose a key on your input device to which you want to bind the Repair and Refuel option. Press escape or the Menu button to exit the Pause menu screen. After you follow the preceding steps, you should still be in midair. You can press the key you just selected to instantly repair any issues with your aircraft that might be plaguing you at present, as well as receive an automatic refueling. You don't need to do anything special after that. Your gas gauge should be full once more! Turn off satellite overlay You can toggle on an instrument flight rules (IFR) view that may mitigate potential issues with locating landmarks. When you use IFR view, you get a plain gray map that makes it a lot easier to see things like distance between points at a glance. To turn on IFR view in the World Map, follow these steps: From the main screen open the World Map. Choose the Open Filters option that appears in the shortcut bar in the lower part of your screen. A window appears, as shown below, where you can scroll through filter options. Click the arrows to the left and right of the Background Map option to toggle the IFR option to replace Satellite. After following the preceding steps, you should have a better, more granular view of the Earth below. Explore outside the plane Did you know you can leave the plane in midair to look at the world around you? No, you aren't physically exiting the plane. But using a feature called Active Pause, you can take a look at your surroundings without having to land. Active Pause stops your plane right where it is, and you can explore your aircraft's cockpit, immediate surroundings in the air, or the entire world around you. Here's how to turn on Active Pause: Press Escape or the Menu button to go to the Pause menu, click on options, and click on the Assistance menu, which is shown in the figure below. Look for the Play/Pause icon on the toolbar that appears when you hover the mouse near the top of your screen. This icon represents a toggle for Active Pause. Click the Play/Pause icon to activate the Active Pause play mode. Toggling on the Active Pause mode activates a drone that you can maneuver using the standard aircraft controls on the keyboard or controller. You can explore to your heart's content without ruining your flight. And you don't even have to stop playing to do it! Explore the streets You may be playing a flight sim, but you still have plenty of ways to interact with the world around you. The same drone that allows you to exit the cockpit and travel around the world (during an Active Pause; see the preceding section) enables you to travel down to the streets and have a look around. It may take a bit of doing because your plane is fairly high up in the sky, but you absolutely can take your drone down to the streets (see below). Speed up your flight You can speed up the game's sim rate (the rate at which your flight proceeds along its route) in order to reach your destination more quickly. You can also fly to your endpoint more slowly if you want. You can adjust the sim rate up and down at your leisure. Follow these steps to adjust your game's sim rate if you’re playing on a PC: Press the R key on your keyboard. Hold the CTRL key and press either the plus (+) key or the minus (–) key on the number pad. As I’m sure you can guess, pressing + speeds up the sim rate and pressing – slows it down. Follow these steps to set your sim rate if you’re playing on a console: Press Escape or the Menu button to go to the Pause menu, select Options, and select Controls Options. From the Controls Options screen, as shown below, you need to assign a button for the sim rate. Type the search term sim rate in the search box on the left side of the Controls Options window, and then click the Search icon. Click to select the Sim Rate option. When prompted, choose a key or console button when prompted that you want to bind to your Sim Rate option. After following the preceding steps, you can adjust the sim rate on your console easily: Slow down: Press your chosen button and the left trigger. Speed up: Press your chosen button and the right trigger. By adjusting your sim rate, you can take those cross-country (or across-the-globe) flights in record time. Fast travel to flight phases If you don't care much for the lengthy cruise phase of a flight, you might opt to skip it entirely. You can do that. Instead of actively flying through the entire trip, you can fast travel to a phase that's more appealing to you. To use the Travel To option, just follow these steps: Press Escape or the Menu button to open your Pause menu. Click the Travel To button (which looks similar to a fast-forward button, as noted the figure below) to reveal your Travel To options. The Travel To window that appears lists the phases of your flight plan that you can choose from. The figure below shows Cruise, Descent, Approach, Final, and Taxi. Select the phase to which you want to fast travel. After you make your selection, your game skips to that phase. Hate taking off or cruising? Use this trick to skip past all of it! Customize your pilot avatar You're more than just your plane in Flight Simulator. You have a pilot avatar, too! You might not see your avatar much while playing the game (your view is as the avatar in the cockpit), but you do have a character that represents you. Plus, you can change what your avatar looks like. To customize your pilot avatar, follow these steps: Press Escape or the Menu button to open the Pause menu. Click Options and then General. In the General Options window that appears, click the Misc tab on the left. Under Pilot Avatar Settings, repeatedly click the forward or backward arrow beside the Pilot Avatar to scroll through your options. You can choose from 24 different pilot models. Find the one that suits you. The models appear on the right side of the General Options window, as shown below. When you find the avatar that matches your mood today, select it by making your choices and leaving the Misc menu. Now you can have a pilot that (hopefully) better represents you in the virtual world! Change your ATC call sign You can actually change your call sign, or title, that the air traffic control team uses to identify and address you over the radio. Follow these steps to customize your call sign: Press Escape or the Menu button to go to the Pause menu. Select the correct option to go to the World Map. Choose ATC Options by clicking on your airplane in the upper left part of the screen, then select Customization from the menu on the left column. In the text box next to Call Sign (see below), type in your desired call sign. For example, perhaps you’d like to be known as 8675309. Choose a fun call sign, but don't be naughty. The game doesn’t recognize profanity, so keep it G-rated (or you may be banned from online play). Save your choice by leaving the menu and return to your game. After you complete the preceding steps, ATC calls you by your desired call sign.

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Microsoft Products Microsoft Flight Simulator For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 03-08-2023

If you're new to Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020, you have much to learn. Having an entire simulated world available for flying may be overwhelming for budding pilots, but checking out this Cheat Sheet can help you find a path forward. These tips will help you get started, choose the right airplane, understand autopilot controls, and earn your wings in no time.

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