{"appState":{"pageLoadApiCallsStatus":true},"categoryState":{"relatedCategories":{"headers":{"timestamp":"2022-05-17T12:31:14+00:00"},"categoryId":33513,"data":{"title":"Computers","slug":"computers","image":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513}],"parentCategory":{"categoryId":33512,"title":"Technology","slug":"technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"}},"childCategories":[{"categoryId":33514,"title":"Basic 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Dummies.","relatedArticles":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles?category=33513&offset=0&size=5"}},"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"}},"relatedCategoriesLoadedStatus":"success"},"listState":{"list":{"count":10,"total":1406,"items":[{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:58:07+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-25T21:10:07+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-26T00:01:11+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513},{"name":"Operating Systems","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33524"},"slug":"operating-systems","categoryId":33524},{"name":"Linux","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33526"},"slug":"linux","categoryId":33526}],"title":"Ubuntu Linux For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"ubuntu linux for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"ubuntu-linux-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"To get Ubuntu Linux running, get help in the Boot Prompt Function Keys section and take advantage of the straightforward, helpful commands.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"To get Ubuntu Linux up and running, get help provided in the Boot Prompt Function Keys section and take advantage of the straightforward, helpful commands.","description":"To get Ubuntu Linux up and running, get help provided in the Boot Prompt Function Keys section and take advantage of the straightforward, helpful 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row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;linux&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-62673647cbeef\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;linux&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-62673647cc877\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":195056,"title":"The Boot Prompt Function Keys in Ubuntu Linux","slug":"the-boot-prompt-function-keys-in-ubuntu-linux","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195056"}},{"articleId":195041,"title":"Useful Commands in Ubuntu Linux","slug":"useful-commands-in-ubuntu-linux","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195041"}}],"content":[{"title":"The boot prompt function keys in Ubuntu Linux","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>You can choose from several options to control the startup process when booting from the Ubuntu CD-ROM. When you see the Ubuntu startup menu (the first menu option is Start or install Ubuntu) you have the option to select an alternative.</p>\n<p>The following lists provide a summary of those codes.</p>\n<h2>    Using the F1 Help Menu</h2>\n<p>Press the F1 function key and the Welcome to Ubuntu help menu opens. You can then press the following function keys to get specific information.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F1</b> The main F1 menu</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F2</b>: Minimum hardware requirements</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F3:</b> Several methods you can use to start Ubuntu.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">For instance, you can turn off power-saving mode if you&#8217;re having problems getting Ubuntu to boot and suspect that option is causing the problem.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F4: </b>Additional boot methods.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F5: </b>Special boot parameters overview (why you might use boot parameters and where to find them)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F6</b>: Hardware specific special boot parameters (examples of boot parameters for specific devices)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F7:</b> More hardware specific special boot parameters (more examples of boot parameters you might use for specific devices)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F8:</b> Debugging oriented special boot parameters.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>F9</b>: Describes how you can get help from Ubuntu.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Esc</b>: Exits the Help menu</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>    F2 Language Menu</h2>\n<p>Pressing the F2 function key opens an extensive language support menu. Use the Up and Down cursor keys to navigate the menu and select a language.</p>\n<h2>    F3 Key Map Menu</h2>\n<p>Pressing the F3 function key opens an extensive keyboard support menu. Use the Up and Down cursor keys to navigate the menu and select the mapping that matches you keyboard.</p>\n<h2>    F4 VGA Menu</h2>\n<p>If you&#8217;re not satisfied with your computer screen&#8217;s resolution, press the F4 function key. A menu displays a selection of screen resolutions. Use the Up and Down cursor keys to select a resolution from the menu.</p>\n<h2>    F5 Accessibility Menu</h2>\n<p>This menu provides options to help access your computer for those who need extra help. Use the Up and Down cursor keys to select a assistant option. For instance, select the High Contrast option if you need a brighter screen.</p>\n<h2>    F6 Others Menu</h2>\n<p>This menu opens a one-line text editor showing the Ubuntu kernel boot options. You can modify any options that are</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Fed to the Linux kernel</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Used by the kernel to start your Ubuntu computer</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>    Getting a Virtual Terminal</h2>\n<p>Linux provides six virtual consoles (text-based command-line interfaces). Simultaneously, pressing the Control (Ctrl) and Alternate (Alt) keys with any of the functions keys from F1 through F6. For example, press Ctrl-Alt-F1.</p>\n<p>Return to the graphics screen by pressing Ctrl-Alt-F7.</p>\n"},{"title":"Useful commands in Ubuntu Linux","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>This list provides some simple command line examples. To open a terminal emulator window, click the Gnome Applications menu and select Accessories → Terminal, then, use these commands:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>clear </b>Clears the current screen of all text.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>ls </b>Lists the current directory.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">It&#8217;s like the MS-DOS <span class=\"code\">dir</span> command.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>ls <i>dir</i></b><i> </i>Lists the specified directory.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>cat <i>file</i><i> </i></b>Concatenates (adds) the contents of the file to your screen.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">It&#8217;s like the MS-DOS <span class=\"code\">type</span> command.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>more <i>file</i><i> </i></b>Displays the file one page at a time.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>tail <i>file</i><i> </i></b>Displays the file one page at a time from the end of the file.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>pwd </b>Shows name of the current directory.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>cd <i>dir</i><i> </i></b>Changes to the specified directory.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">It&#8217;s like the MS-DOS <span class=\"code\">chdir</span> command.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-25T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":209386},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:47:35+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-14T20:08:33+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-15T00:01:10+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513},{"name":"Hardware","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33516"},"slug":"hardware","categoryId":33516},{"name":"BeagleBone","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33518"},"slug":"beaglebone","categoryId":33518}],"title":"BeagleBone For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"beaglebone for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"beaglebone-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn to use the affordable and small yet mighty BeagleBone board to power your electronic and software projects.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"BeagleBone is an exciting tiny board that brings your electronics and software projects to life. Its affordability and ease of use make it popular among hardware enthusiasts and programmers. The following articles help you get started using this powerful board.","description":"BeagleBone is an exciting tiny board that brings your electronics and software projects to life. Its affordability and ease of use make it popular among hardware enthusiasts and programmers. The following articles help you get started using this powerful board.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9270,"name":"Rui Santos","slug":"rui-santos","description":"","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9270"}},{"authorId":9271,"name":"Luis Miguel Costa Perestrelo","slug":"luis-miguel-costa-perestrelo","description":"","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9271"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33518,"title":"BeagleBone","slug":"beaglebone","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33518"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":203333,"title":"7 Capes You Can Add to the BeagleBone","slug":"7-capes-you-can-add-to-the-beaglebone","categoryList":["technology","computers","hardware","beaglebone"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/203333"}},{"articleId":203332,"title":"4 Amazing Projects for the BeagleBone","slug":"4-amazing-projects-for-the-beaglebone","categoryList":["technology","computers","hardware","beaglebone"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/203332"}},{"articleId":145670,"title":"Comparing BeagleBone Black and Raspberry Pi","slug":"comparing-beaglebone-black-and-raspberry-pi","categoryList":["technology","computers","hardware","beaglebone"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/145670"}},{"articleId":144981,"title":"How to Connect the BeagleBone Black via Serial over USB","slug":"how-to-connect-the-beaglebone-black-via-serial-over-usb","categoryList":["technology","computers","hardware","beaglebone"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/144981"}},{"articleId":144980,"title":"How to Connect via Secure Shell over Ethernet","slug":"how-to-connect-via-secure-shell-over-ethernet","categoryList":["technology","computers","hardware","beaglebone"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/144980"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;hardware&quot;,&quot;beaglebone&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6258b5c662805\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;hardware&quot;,&quot;beaglebone&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6258b5c662dc8\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":145658,"title":"Preparing Your BeagleBone","slug":"preparing-your-beaglebone","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/145658"}},{"articleId":145653,"title":"Measuring Voltage with a Multimeter","slug":"measuring-voltage-with-a-multimeter","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/145653"}}],"content":[{"title":"Preparing your BeagleBone","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When your BeagleBone arrives, it comes in a box with everything you need. Grab your BeagleBone and the Mini USB cable that came with it; then plug your BeagleBone into your computer. In less than 10 seconds, your BeagleBone will be fully ready to use.</p>\n<h2>Installing your BeagleBone’s drivers</h2>\n<p>Follow these steps to find your BeagleBone’s drivers:</p>\n<ol class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Open your computer’s file system.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Double-click the BeagleBone Getting Started disk.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Open the <span class=\"code\">START.htm</span> web page in your default web browser.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">This step launches a web page that has instructions for installing your drivers.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">In your web page, go to the step called Install drivers.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">You should see in your <span class=\"code\">START.htm</span> a table that lists the various operating systems and their USB drivers.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/463013.image0.jpg\" alt=\"image0.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"184\" /></p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Click the link for your operating system, and your driver download starts immediately. Then open your driver and click Next in all the installation screens until installation is finished, just as you install any other software on your computer. This process works similarly for Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<h2>Accessing your BeagleBone with your web browser</h2>\n<p>With your BeagleBone connected to your computer and with the drivers installed, open this URL in your web browser: <a href=\"http://192.68.7.2/\">http://192.68.7.2</a>. If everything is working, you should see a new web page with a green box at the top that says <span class=\"code\">Your board is connected!</span> That web page is being hosted by your BeagleBone.</p>\n<p>Now you can have some fun exploring the menus, which contain a lot of information about and examples of BoneScript.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/463014.image1.jpg\" alt=\"image1.jpg\" width=\"160\" height=\"400\" /></p>\n"},{"title":"Measuring voltage with a multimeter","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When something isn’t working on your BeagleBone, measuring the voltages around your circuit can be a good start on finding the problem. Why isn’t the LED lighting up, for example? Maybe not enough voltage is being supplied to it. If you know that the LED needs about 1.8V to light up, and your multimeter reading is a lower value, the issue may be a depleted battery. You can also use the multimeter to check it.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/463017.image0.jpg\" alt=\"image0.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"357\" /></p>\n<p>To measure voltage, you have to connect your multimeter in parallel with the component you want to measure, such as a battery, an LED, or a resistor. After setting the mode to V (which is indicated by the dash with three dots underneath for DC), connect the red probe (which should be connected to a socket with a V next to it) to the positive side of your component, which is where the current is coming from. Connect the black probe (which should be connected to the COM socket) to the negative side.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/463018.image1.jpg\" alt=\"image1.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"357\" /></p>\n<p>Placing the multimeter in parallel means placing each probe along the legs of the component you want to measure.</p>\n<p>Keep in mind that the COM probe is simply a point of reference for your measurement, which means that if you’d connected the probes in the reverse order of what’s described earlier, the multimeter would display the same voltage with a negative value. Also, you can measure voltage along more than one component in series. If the first component has a voltage drop of 3V and the next one has a voltage drop of 5V, the value you see on the display is the sum of both. In this example, the value would be 8V.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-14T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207579},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:46:48+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-12T20:42:26+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-13T00:01:05+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513},{"name":"PCs","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33536"},"slug":"pcs","categoryId":33536}],"title":"PCs For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"pcs for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"pcs-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"If you're new to PCs, this Cheat Sheet will help you keep track of the important technical information about your PC.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Even though computers are supposed to make our lives easier, you may find it beneficial to print and complete some information about your personal computer (PC) on paper. You can use this as a reference for technical information, internet, and email information, or how all those wires and peripherals should be hooked up to your PC — even while the computer is off. You’ll also want to check out the following list of helpful PC hints.","description":"Even though computers are supposed to make our lives easier, you may find it beneficial to print and complete some information about your personal computer (PC) on paper. You can use this as a reference for technical information, internet, and email information, or how all those wires and peripherals should be hooked up to your PC — even while the computer is off. You’ll also want to check out the following list of helpful PC hints.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9003,"name":"Dan Gookin","slug":"dan-gookin","description":"Dan Gookin has been an author, editor, ghostwriter, and a public official. He's written more than a dozen Dummies books on technology, with a special focus on PCs, the Android operating system, and Microsoft products. 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In 1991, his <i>DOS For Dummies</i> became the world's fastest-selling computer book and launched the <i>For Dummies</i> series. Dan's 130+ books have been translated into more than 30 languages. Visit his website at www.wambooli.com. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9003,"name":"Dan Gookin","slug":"dan-gookin","description":"Dan Gookin has been an author, editor, ghostwriter, and a public official. He's written more than a dozen Dummies books on technology, with a special focus on PCs, the Android operating system, and Microsoft products. And in 1991, he was the author of the very first Dummies book, DOS For Dummies, which started the whole enterprise.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9003"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;pcs&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119041771&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-625612c1465f3\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;pcs&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119041771&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-625612c146b67\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":139440,"title":"My PC’s Technical Information and Stuff","slug":"my-pcs-technical-information-and-stuff","categoryList":["technology","computers","pcs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/139440"}},{"articleId":139438,"title":"The Things That Plug into Your PC","slug":"the-things-that-plug-into-your-pc","categoryList":["technology","computers","pcs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/139438"}},{"articleId":139445,"title":"Important Contact and Support Information for Your PC","slug":"important-contact-and-support-information-for-your-pc","categoryList":["technology","computers","pcs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/139445"}},{"articleId":139434,"title":"Helpful PC Hints","slug":"helpful-pc-hints","categoryList":["technology","computers","pcs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/139434"}},{"articleId":139444,"title":"Your PC’s Internet Information","slug":"your-pcs-internet-information","categoryList":["technology","computers","pcs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/139444"}}],"content":[{"title":"My PC's technical information and stuff","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The following technical information is specific to your own computer — stuff that you’ll probably reference from time to time but won’t necessarily bother storing in your brain.</p>\n<p>Print this page and write down the information, and then save the page with the other material that came with your computer.</p>\n<p>Make and model: ____________________</p>\n<p>Serial number: ______________________</p>\n<p>Microprocessor: _____________________</p>\n<p>RAM (MB): _________________________</p>\n<p>Primary storage device capacity (GB): __________</p>\n<p>Drive C is a ___ hard drive ___ SSD</p>\n<p>Drive ___ is a ___ hard drive ___ SSD</p>\n<p>Drive ___ is a ___ hard drive ___ SSD</p>\n<p>Drive ___ is an external backup drive.</p>\n<p>Drive ___ is an optical drive</p>\n<p>Drive ___ is a memory card drive. Type: _________________</p>\n<p>Drive ___ is a memory card drive. Type: _________________</p>\n<p>Drive ___ is a memory card drive. Type: _________________</p>\n<p>Drive ___ is a memory card drive. Type: _________________</p>\n<p>Drive ___ is _________________.</p>\n<p>Drive ___ is _________________.</p>\n"},{"title":"The things that plug into your PC","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Here’s a list of standard computer peripherals — items that attach to the PC console. Place an X in the box to indicate where each item is attached. This information can help you reconnect everything later, in case you ever need to move the computer or take it to the repair shop.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Peripheral</th>\n<th>Back USB port</th>\n<th>Front USB port</th>\n<th>USB Hub A</th>\n<th>USB Hub B</th>\n<th>Other Port (specify)</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Keyboard</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mouse</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Printer</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Speakers</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Backup drive</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Media card reader</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Optical Drive</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Scanner</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Headset</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>UPS</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>USB Hub A</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>USB hub B</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Other device: _________</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Other device: _________</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Important contact and support information","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Use this space to fill in the phone numbers or email addresses of the various people who can help you with your computer, in the event your PC acts up. And, oh yes, it will act up.</p>\n<p>Computer dealer or retail store: ___________________</p>\n<p>Sales rep (name/ext.): ___________________________</p>\n<p>Next Sales rep after the first one gets fired:</p>\n<p>Dealer tech support: ____________________________</p>\n<p>Operating system support: _______________________</p>\n<p>ISP: _________________________________________</p>\n<p>ISP tech support: ______________________________</p>\n<p>Computer guru: _______________________________</p>\n"},{"title":"Helpful PC hints","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Here are some essential tips for working with your PC. Keeping your PC in good working order prolongs its life and prevents you from losing important data.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Always use your best posture while you compute. Don’t slouch! Elevate your wrists. Don’t tilt your head too far down.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Get a UPS for your PC. Plug the monitor, console, and external backup drive into the battery-backed-up sockets.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Properly turn off your PC; use the Windows Shutdown command.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">You can connect and disconnect USB devices to and from the computer while the computer or the device is on.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">To get to the Control Panel in Windows 10, press Win+X and choose Control Panel from the super-secret menu.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">The best gift you can buy your PC is more memory.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Obtain an external hard drive and implement a backup regimen on your PC.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Remember to properly eject and safely remove any removable media in Windows; don’t just yank something out of your PC.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">The key to understanding software is to know what a <i>file</i> is. The key to organizing files is to know what a <i>folder</i> is.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Your PC's internet information","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Use this information to help keep track of your internet account information and other PC-related trivial tidbits that you should keep in one location (other than your brain or your PC):</p>\n<p>Internet login name: _________________________________</p>\n<p>Internet password: (Write down elsewhere.)</p>\n<p>My email address: _________________________________</p>\n<p>My email password: (Write down elsewhere.)</p>\n<p>My ISP’s domain name: _________________________________</p>\n<p>My web email address: _________________________________</p>\n<p>My web email password: (Write down elsewhere.)</p>\n<p>Other email address: _________________________________</p>\n<p>Other e-mail password: _________________________________</p>\n<p>POP server name: _________________________________</p>\n<p>SMTP server name: _________________________________</p>\n<p>Favorite flavor of ice cream: _________________________________</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-12T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207423},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:46:58+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-05T16:00:47+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-05T18:01:06+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513},{"name":"Operating Systems","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33524"},"slug":"operating-systems","categoryId":33524},{"name":"Windows","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33532"},"slug":"windows","categoryId":33532},{"name":"Windows 10","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33535"},"slug":"windows-10","categoryId":33535}],"title":"Windows 10 At Work For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"windows 10 at work for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"windows-10-at-work-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Read up on shortcuts and tips for using the keyboard, mouse, and Ribbon to get fast access to Windows 10 commands.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Windows 10 comes jam-packed with features. Here are shortcuts and tips for using the keyboard, mouse, and Ribbon to get fast access to the most commonly used commands. You'll be commanding Windows 10 in no time!","description":"Windows 10 comes jam-packed with features. Here are shortcuts and tips for using the keyboard, mouse, and Ribbon to get fast access to the most commonly used commands. You'll be commanding Windows 10 in no time!","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9053,"name":"Ciprian Adrian Rusen","slug":"ciprian-adrian-rusen","description":"Ciprian Adrian Rusen is a Microsoft MVP and Windows expert. He blogs about technology in general and Windows in particular at digitalcitizen.life. 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His 7tutorials.com blog has more than 1.3 million monthly readers who look to him for insight into technology in general and Windows in particular. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9486,"name":"Ciprian Rusen","slug":"ciprian-rusen","description":"","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9486"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;windows&quot;,&quot;windows-10&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119051855&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624c83e216165\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;windows&quot;,&quot;windows-10&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119051855&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624c83e216696\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":141117,"title":"5 Big Changes in Windows 10","slug":"5-big-changes-in-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141117"}},{"articleId":141111,"title":"Windows 10 Keyboard Shortcuts","slug":"windows-10-keyboard-shortcuts","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141111"}},{"articleId":141110,"title":"Windows 10 Mouse Button Functions","slug":"windows-10-mouse-button-functions","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141110"}},{"articleId":141124,"title":"Windows 10 Touch Commands","slug":"windows-10-touch-commands","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141124"}},{"articleId":141112,"title":"PC Requirements for Windows 10","slug":"pc-requirements-for-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141112"}},{"articleId":141113,"title":"File Explorer Ribbon Tabs in Windows 10","slug":"file-explorer-ribbon-tabs-in-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141113"}}],"content":[{"title":"5 big changes in Windows 10","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Windows 10 brings many changes to the Windows world. Basically, it takes the best parts of Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 and combines them into one operating system. And there are new features as well, which you&#8217;ll want to find out how to use. Here are some of the biggest changes and improvements in Windows 10.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Feature</th>\n<th>Description</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Start Menu</b></td>\n<td>The Start Menu is back in a form that mixes the Start Menu from<br />\nWindows 7 with the Start screen from Windows 8.1. You can pin both<br />\nshortcuts and live tiles to the Start Menu.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Cortana</b></td>\n<td>Microsoft&#8217;s digital assistant from Windows Phone makes the jump<br />\nto PCs with Windows 10. Cortana can help you find all sorts of<br />\nonline information via natural language questions you ask using<br />\ntext or voice commands.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Notifications Center</b></td>\n<td>Notifications with pop-ups reminding you of all sorts of<br />\nthings. They are centralized into a very useful Notifications<br />\nCenter.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Virtual desktops</b></td>\n<td>In Windows 10 you can work with as many desktops as you wish,<br />\nswitch apps between them with ease, and so on.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Continuum</b></td>\n<td>If you use a hybrid or 2-in-1 device like the Microsoft Surface<br />\nPro 3, you can dynamically switch the interface between the<br />\nPC-friendly desktop environment and a full-screen tablet mode<br />\nthat&#8217;s suited for touch.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Windows 10 keyboard shortcuts","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Windows 10 provides hundreds of commands, but you&#8217;ll likely use only a handful of those commands on a regular basis. To save time, use these Windows 10 keyboard shortcuts. With little effort, you can open files, find content, edit that content, and more!</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th><b>Function</b></th>\n<th><b>Keystroke</b></th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Start Menu</td>\n<td>Windows</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Search</td>\n<td>Windows+S</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Select All</td>\n<td>Ctrl+A</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Copy</td>\n<td>Ctrl+C</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cut</td>\n<td>Ctrl+X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Paste</td>\n<td>Ctrl+V</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Undo</td>\n<td>Ctrl+Z</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Redo</td>\n<td>Ctrl+Y</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Help</td>\n<td>F1</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Open</td>\n<td>Ctrl+O</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Print</td>\n<td>Ctrl+P</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Save</td>\n<td>Ctrl+S</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Delete</td>\n<td>Del</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Start File Explorer</td>\n<td>Windows+E</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Open Run</td>\n<td>Windows+R</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Open the WinX menu</td>\n<td>Windows+X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Project to another screen</td>\n<td>Windows+P</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Switch between opened apps</td>\n<td>Alt+Tab</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Windows 10 mouse button functions","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>You can control Windows 10 with your mouse or your keyboard. It&#8217;s the traditional tool for positioning and clicking the cursor on the screen without using touch-sensitive devices.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Mouse Button Used</th>\n<th>Action</th>\n<th>Purpose</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Left mouse button</td>\n<td>Click</td>\n<td>Moves the cursor, selects an object, pulls down a menu, or<br />\nchooses a menu command.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Left mouse button</td>\n<td>Double-click</td>\n<td>Runs or opens a file.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Left mouse button</td>\n<td>Drag</td>\n<td>Moves an object, resizes an object, highlights text, and<br />\nhighlights multiple objects.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Wheel mouse button</td>\n<td>Roll</td>\n<td>Scrolls up and down a window.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Right mouse button</td>\n<td>Right-click</td>\n<td>Displays a shortcut pop-up menu.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Windows 10 touch commands","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>On tablets and 2-in-1 devices with touchscreens, you have fingertip control of Windows 10 using touch gestures. The following actions control your device with touch commands.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Action</th>\n<th>Purpose</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tap</td>\n<td>Tap once on an item to open, select, or activate it. This is<br />\nsimilar to left-clicking with a mouse.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Press and hold</td>\n<td>Press and hold your finger on an item for a second, and Windows<br />\nshows information to help you find out more about the item or opens<br />\na menu specific to what you&#8217;re doing. This is similar to<br />\nright-clicking with a mouse.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pinch or stretch</td>\n<td>Touch the screen or an item with two or more fingers and then<br />\nmove the fingers toward each other (pinch) or away from each other<br />\n(stretch) to make Windows visually zoom in and out,<br />\nrespectively.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Slide</td>\n<td>You can drag your finger on the screen to the left, right, top,<br />\nor bottom to scroll and move through a screen.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Drag</td>\n<td>To move an item, press and briefly drag it in the direction<br />\nopposite the way the page scrolls; then move the item wherever you<br />\nwant. Release the item after you move it to the new location.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Swipe</td>\n<td>When you swipe an item with a short, quick movement in the<br />\ndirection opposite the way the page scrolls, you select it, and<br />\ndepending on the app, app commands may appear.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Swipe from the edge</td>\n<td>When you swipe your finger quickly, without lifting it, from<br />\nthe right side of the screen to the left, the Notifications Center<br />\nopens. If you swipe your finger quickly, without lifting it, from<br />\nthe left side of the screen to the right, a list with all the<br />\ndesktops and apps that are open appear.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rotate</td>\n<td>When you put two or more fingers on an item and then turn your<br />\nhand, you rotate the item in the direction you turn your hand.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"PC requirements for Windows 10","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Windows 10 doesn&#8217;t require powerful hardware from the PC it runs on. However, just like any other operating system, it does require a minimum of hardware to run well. Here&#8217;s what a PC needs to run Windows 10 well.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Part</th>\n<th>Requirements</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Processor (CPU)</td>\n<td>1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Memory (RAM)</td>\n<td>1 gigabyte (GB) for the 32-bit version of Windows 10 and 2GB<br />\nfor the 64-bit version</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hard drive free space</td>\n<td>16GB for the 32-bit version of Windows 10 and 20GB for the<br />\n64-bit version</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Graphics card</td>\n<td>With support for DirectX 9 or later</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"File Explorer Ribbon tabs in Windows 10","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>File Explorer in Windows 10 displays commands in a series of icons stored on different tabs. This combination of icons and tabs is known as the Ribbon interface. The following table shows the commands grouped under each Ribbon tab for File Explorer.</p>\n<p>These tabs are displayed based on context. For example, you always see the File tab on the Ribbon interface, but you see the Network tab only when you access other computers on the network.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Ribbon Tab Name</th>\n<th>Command Groups</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>File</td>\n<td>Opens the File menu with options for opening a new window,<br />\nopening the Command Prompt and PowerShell, changing folder and<br />\nsearch options, accessing Help, and closing File Explorer.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Home</td>\n<td>You find the Clipboard, Organize, New, Open, and Select<br />\nlists.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Share</td>\n<td>You find the Send and Share With list.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Computer</td>\n<td>You find the Location, Network, and System lists.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Network</td>\n<td>You find the Location, Network, Network and Sharing Center<br />\nlists.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Homegroup</td>\n<td>You find the Manage list.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>View</td>\n<td>You find the Panes, Layouts, Current View, Show/Hide, and<br />\nOptions lists.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-05T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207459},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2017-09-18T01:12:20+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-05T15:27:36+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-05T18:01:05+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513},{"name":"Operating Systems","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33524"},"slug":"operating-systems","categoryId":33524},{"name":"MacOS","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33527"},"slug":"macos","categoryId":33527},{"name":"High Sierra","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33530"},"slug":"high-sierra","categoryId":33530}],"title":"macOS High Sierra For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"macos high sierra for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"macos-high-sierra-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn all the ins and outs of the High Sierra operating system, including shortcuts, recommedations for backing up data, and more.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Whether you've purchased a new Mac with macOS High Sierra preinstalled or you've upgraded from a previous version of macOS, you'll find that macOS High Sierra makes your Mac easier to use and offers myriad improvements to make you more productive. Get additional information on things you should never do to your Mac, a compendium of useful and timesaving keyboard shortcuts, a discussion of when folders are too full and when (and when not) to create subfolders, recommendations for backing up data, and a short discussion of iDevices and Continuity.","description":"Whether you've purchased a new Mac with macOS High Sierra preinstalled or you've upgraded from a previous version of macOS, you'll find that macOS High Sierra makes your Mac easier to use and offers myriad improvements to make you more productive. Get additional information on things you should never do to your Mac, a compendium of useful and timesaving keyboard shortcuts, a discussion of when folders are too full and when (and when not) to create subfolders, recommendations for backing up data, and a short discussion of iDevices and Continuity.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":8989,"name":"Bob LeVitus","slug":"bob-levitus","description":"Bob \"Dr. Mac\" LeVitus has been writing the \"Dr. Mac\" column for the Houston Chronicle for more than 20 years. A regular contributor to a variety of technology publications, he's a proud Mac aficionado who's written or co-written more than 85 how-to books on all things Mac, including multiple Mac operating systems, the iPhone, the iPad, Office for the Mac, and GarageBand. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/8989"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33530,"title":"High Sierra","slug":"high-sierra","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33530"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":244218,"title":"10 Favorite Websites for macOS High Sierra Users","slug":"10-favorite-websites-macos-high-sierra-users","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244218"}},{"articleId":244213,"title":"iDevices and Continuity in macOS High Sierra","slug":"idevices-continuity-macos-high-sierra","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244213"}},{"articleId":244210,"title":"Dr. Mac's Backup Recommendations for macOS High Sierra","slug":"dr-macs-backup-recommendations-macos-high-sierra","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244210"}},{"articleId":244207,"title":"Creating Subfolders in macOS High Sierra . . . or Not","slug":"creating-subfolders-macos-high-sierra-not","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244207"}},{"articleId":244204,"title":"Tabbing around High Sierra's Save and Save As Sheets","slug":"tabbing-around-high-sierras-save-save-sheets","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244204"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":244218,"title":"10 Favorite Websites for macOS High Sierra Users","slug":"10-favorite-websites-macos-high-sierra-users","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244218"}},{"articleId":244213,"title":"iDevices and Continuity in macOS High Sierra","slug":"idevices-continuity-macos-high-sierra","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244213"}},{"articleId":244210,"title":"Dr. Mac's Backup Recommendations for macOS High Sierra","slug":"dr-macs-backup-recommendations-macos-high-sierra","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244210"}},{"articleId":244207,"title":"Creating Subfolders in macOS High Sierra . . . or Not","slug":"creating-subfolders-macos-high-sierra-not","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244207"}},{"articleId":244204,"title":"Tabbing around High Sierra's Save and Save As Sheets","slug":"tabbing-around-high-sierras-save-save-sheets","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244204"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281765,"slug":"macos-high-sierra-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119417156","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119417155/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119417155/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119417155-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119417155/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119417155/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/macos-high-sierra-for-dummies-cover-9781119417156-205x255.jpg","width":205,"height":255},"title":"macOS High Sierra For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"\n <p>Bob \"Dr. Mac\" LeVitus has been writing the \"Dr. Mac\" column for the Houston Chronicle for more than 20 years. A regular contributor to a variety of technology publications, he's a proud Mac aficionado who's written or co-written more than 85 how-to books on all things Mac, including multiple Mac operating systems, the iPhone, the iPad, Office for the Mac, and GarageBand.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":8989,"name":"Bob LeVitus","slug":"bob-levitus","description":"Bob \"Dr. Mac\" LeVitus has been writing the \"Dr. Mac\" column for the Houston Chronicle for more than 20 years. A regular contributor to a variety of technology publications, he's a proud Mac aficionado who's written or co-written more than 85 how-to books on all things Mac, including multiple Mac operating systems, the iPhone, the iPad, Office for the Mac, and GarageBand. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/8989"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;macos&quot;,&quot;high-sierra&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119417156&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624c83e1a94dc\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;macos&quot;,&quot;high-sierra&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119417156&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624c83e1a9e1e\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":243911,"title":"What Not to Do with Your Mac Running High Sierra","slug":"not-mac-running-high-sierra","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/243911"}},{"articleId":243918,"title":"Handy Keyboard Shortcuts for macOS High Sierra","slug":"handy-keyboard-shortcuts-macos-high-sierra","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/243918"}},{"articleId":244204,"title":"Tabbing around High Sierra's Save and Save As Sheets","slug":"tabbing-around-high-sierras-save-save-sheets","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244204"}},{"articleId":244207,"title":"Creating Subfolders in macOS High Sierra . . . or Not","slug":"creating-subfolders-macos-high-sierra-not","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244207"}},{"articleId":244210,"title":"Dr. Mac's Backup Recommendations for macOS High Sierra","slug":"dr-macs-backup-recommendations-macos-high-sierra","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244210"}},{"articleId":244213,"title":"iDevices and Continuity in macOS High Sierra","slug":"idevices-continuity-macos-high-sierra","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244213"}},{"articleId":244218,"title":"10 Favorite Websites for macOS High Sierra Users","slug":"10-favorite-websites-macos-high-sierra-users","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","macos","high-sierra"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244218"}}],"content":[{"title":"What not to do with your Mac running High Sierra","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Treat your Mac and macOS High Sierra with care. To keep your work and leisure projects safe, never do any of these things with your Mac:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Never shut off your Mac by pulling the plug. </strong>Always use the Shut Down command from the Apple menu in High Sierra (or press the power button and then click the Shut Down button).
If you&#8217;re using a laptop, you can usually get away with pulling the plug while it&#8217;s running because the battery automatically kicks in. The only caveat is that if your battery is totally depleted, damaged, or missing entirely, you could suffer directory damage or data loss by pulling the plug. Just use the Shut Down command, and you&#8217;ll sleep well.</li>\n<li><strong>Never bump, drop, shake, wobble, dribble, drop-kick, or play catch with a hard drive while it&#8217;s running High Sierra.</strong> Don&#8217;t forget: Your desktop Mac has a hard or solid-state drive inside it, too.</li>\n<li><strong>Never get up from your Mac without saving your work.</strong> Just before your butt leaves the chair, your fingers should press Command+S (the keyboard shortcut in macOS that saves your work). Make it a habit.</li>\n<li><strong>Never keep only one copy of your important documents. </strong>Make at least two backup copies and keep one of them in another physical location. Period.</li>\n<li><strong>Never clean your monitor with a glass cleaner, such as Windex (or another product not designed to be used on a video display). </strong>And nix the paper towels or tissues, too. Use a soft cloth (microfiber is best) to avoid scratching the display.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b><strong>Never pay attention to anyone who says that Windows 10 is just like the Mac. Yeah, right. And a Kia is just like a BMW.<br />\n</strong></b></p>\n<p><div class=\"figure-container\"><figure id=\"attachment_243912\" aria-labelledby=\"figcaption_attachment_243912\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 397px\"><a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/sierra-desktop.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-243912\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/sierra-desktop.jpg\" alt=\"sierra-desktop\" width=\"387\" height=\"400\" /></a><figcaption id=\"figcaption_attachment_243912\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photography: Rommel Balcita, Makeup: Gerelyn/Juliet</figcaption></figure></div><div class=\"clearfix\"></div></li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Handy keyboard shortcuts for MacOS High Sierra","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Make your work go faster with these macOS High Sierra keyboard shortcuts. Print the following chart and refer to it while using macOS High Sierra.</p>\n<table width=\"683\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\"><strong>Command</strong></td>\n<td width=\"341\"><strong>Keyboard Shortcut</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Add Selected Item to Dock</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+Control+Shift+T</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Add Selected Item to Sidebar</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+Control+T</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Close All Windows</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Option+Command+W</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Close Window</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+W</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Copy</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+C</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Cut</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+X</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Duplicate</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+D</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Eject Disk</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+E</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Empty Trash</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Shift+Command+Delete</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Find</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+F</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Get Info (on selected item or items)</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+I</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Go to All My Files</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Shift+Command+F</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Go to Applications Folder</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Shift+Command+A</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Go to Desktop</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Shift+Command+D</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Go to Documents Folder</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Shift+Command+O</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Go to Home Folder</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Shift+Command+H</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Help</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Shift+Command+?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Hide Current Application</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+H</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Hide Other Applications</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+Shift+H</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Log Out Current User</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Shift+Command+Q</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Make Alias</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+L</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Minimize Window</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+M</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Mission Control: All Windows</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Control+Up Arrow (F3 on Apple keyboards)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Mission Control: Application Windows</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Control+Down Arrow (Control+F3 on Apple keyboards)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Mission Control: Show Desktop</td>\n<td width=\"341\">F11 (fn+F11 on laptops) (Command+F3 on Apple keyboards)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Move to Trash</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+Delete</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">New Finder Window</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+N</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">New Folder</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Shift+Command+N</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">New Smart Folder</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Option+Command+N</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Next Window</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+`</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Open</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+O</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Paste</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+V</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Quick Look (at selected item)</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+Y or Spacebar</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Redo</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+Shift+Z</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Select All</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+A</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Show Inspector (on selected item or items)</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+Option+I</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Show Original (of selected alias)</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+R</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Show View Options</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+J</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Show/Hide Dock</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Option+Command+D</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Show/Hide Path Bar</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Option+Command+P</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Show/Hide Sidebar</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Option+Command+S</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Show/Hide Status Bar</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+/</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Show/Hide Tab Bar</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Shift+Command+T</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Show/Hide Toolbar</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Option+Command+T</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Turn VoiceOver On/Off</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+F5 (fn+F5 on laptops)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">Undo</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+Z</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">View Window as Columns</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">View Window as Cover Flow</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">View Window as Icons</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+1</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"341\">View Window as List</td>\n<td width=\"341\">Command+2</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Tabbing around High Sierra's save and save as sheets","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>In the expanded view of macOS High Sierra, if you press the Tab key while the Save As field is active, it becomes inactive, and the search box becomes active. Press Tab again, and the sidebar becomes active. Press the Tab key one more time, and the file list box (more accurately known as the detail pane — the part with Icon, List, Column, or Cover Flow view buttons in it) becomes active.</p>\n<p>That&#8217;s because the file list box, the search box, the sidebar, and the Save As field are mutually exclusive, and only one can be active at any time. You can always tell which item is active by the thin blue or gray border around it.</p>\n<p>When you want to switch to a different folder to save a file, click the folder in the sidebar or click anywhere in the file list box to make the file list active. The following tricks help you get a hold on this whole active/inactive silliness:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>If you type while the file list box is active, the list box selects the folder that most closely matches the letter(s) that you type.</strong> It&#8217;s a little strange because you won&#8217;t see what you type: You&#8217;ll be typing blind, so to speak.</li>\n<li><strong>When the file list is active, the letters that you type don&#8217;t appear in the Save As field. </strong>If you want to type a filename, you have to activate the Save As field again (by clicking in it or using the Tab key) before you can type in it.</li>\n<li><strong>If you type while the sidebar is active, nothing happens. </strong>You can, however, use the up- and down-arrow keys to move around in the sidebar.</li>\n<li><strong>Pressing Shift reverses the order of the sequence. </strong>If you press Shift+Tab, the active item moves from the Save As field to the file list box to the Sidebar to the Search box and back to the Save As field again.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Creating subfolders in MacOS High Sierra . . . or not","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>How full is too full? When should you begin creating subfolders in High Sierra? That&#8217;s impossible to say, at least in a one-size-fits-all way, but having too many items in a folder can be a nightmare — as can having too many subfolders with just one or two files in each one.</p>\n<p>If you find more than 15 or 20 files in a single folder, begin thinking about ways to subdivide it. On the other hand, some of your biggest subfolders might contain things that you don&#8217;t often access, such as a Correspondence 1992 folder. Because you don&#8217;t use it often, its overcrowded condition might not bother you.</p>\n<p>Here are some tips to help you decide whether to use subfolders or just leave well enough alone:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Don&#8217;t create subfolders until you need them. </strong>That way, you avoid opening an empty folder when you&#8217;re looking for something else — a complete waste of time.</li>\n<li><strong>Let your work style decide the file structure. </strong>When you first start working with your Mac, you may want to save everything in your Documents folder for a while. When a decent-size group of documents has accumulated in the Documents folder, consider taking a look at them and creating logical subfolders for them.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Dr. Mac's backup recommendations for MacOS High Sierra","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When working in macOS High Sierra, would you like to ensure that you won&#8217;t lose more than a little work no matter what happens — even if your office burns, floods, is destroyed by tornado, hurricane, or earthquake, or robbed? If so, you might want to follow the setup described here.</p>\n<p>I am continually testing new backup solutions, so the software I use can change from month to month. I&#8217;ve tried most of the popular backup solutions and many of the more obscure ones, but before I say anything about my current setup, here is what I&#8217;m trying to accomplish (at a minimum): I want at least three (reasonably) current backup sets with copies of all my files.</p>\n<p>I update two of them every day and keep the third somewhere offsite, such as in a safe deposit box at the bank. Every month or two, I swap the offsite backup for the latest backup from home — and then reuse the older backup disk.</p>\n<p>Note that after I set up the following programs, they run automatically in the background with no further action on my part. Think of this as a &#8220;set and forget&#8221; feature.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>My first line of defense, of course, is Sierra&#8217;s excellent Time Machine. </strong>There&#8217;s no excuse not to use it. But although Time Machine maintains multiple copies of files, they&#8217;re all stored on the same disk. If something&#8217;s worth backing up to one place, it&#8217;s worth backing up three times.</li>\n<li><strong>And so, in addition to Time Machine, I use the excellent </strong><a href=\"http://www.crashplan.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>CrashPlan</strong></a><strong> (free for local backups; $5 per month for unlimited cloud storage).</strong> I might use it to back up my Documents folder four times a day to two different hard drives. It also backs up my Home folder continuously to yet another hard drive, so every time I make a change to a document, the backup copy is updated in real time. Finally, it backs up my Home folder over the Internet to the CrashPlan cloud-based servers. Best of all, it does all that for a mere $5 per month.</li>\n<li><strong>Every night at midnight, </strong><a href=\"http://www.bombich.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Carbon Copy Cloner</strong></a><strong> ($39.99) <em>clones</em> (duplicates) my startup disk to another hard drive, which provides me a bootable backup I can use with almost any other Mac.</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Finally, I enable iCloud Desktop &amp; Documents to synchronize current projects among several Macs and my iPhone and iPad, giving me even more backup copies of my most important files.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p>One last thing: I test the integrity of each backup regularly, and so should you. It confirms that the files that I think are there are actually there, and it reassures me that the files in that backup set aren&#8217;t corrupted or damaged and are capable of being restored successfully.</p>\n"},{"title":"iDevices and continuity in MacOS High Sierra","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p><em>Continuity</em> is the blanket term for a set of features in High Sierra and iOS 8 or newer that allow you to seamlessly move between your iPhone, iPad, and Mac.</p>\n<p>At present, four features provide Continuity:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Handoff:</strong> Start working on an email or document on one device (your Mac, for example), and pick up where you left off on another Apple device such as an iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch.</li>\n<li><strong>Instant hotspot:</strong> Use your iDevice&#8217;s cellular Internet connection to connect your Mac to the Internet.</li>\n<li><strong>Phone calling:</strong> Use your Mac, iPad, or iPod touch to make and receive phone calls using your iPhone.</li>\n<li><strong>SMS:</strong> Use your Mac, iPad, or iPod touch to send and receive SMS and MMS messages (text messages) using your Mac, iPad, or iPod touch.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>They&#8217;re a useful little quartet, but they work only with relatively new Apple devices. So before you get too excited, peruse the system requirements for each feature.</p>\n<h2>Intro and system requirements</h2>\n<p>Handoff and Instant Hotspot are supported by the following Mac models and require Yosemite, macOS Sierra, or macOS High Sierra:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>MacBook (2015)</li>\n<li>MacBook Air (Mid 2012 and later)</li>\n<li>MacBook Pro (Mid 2012 and later)</li>\n<li>Mac (Late 2012 and later)</li>\n<li>Mac mini (Late 2012 and later)</li>\n<li>Mac Pro (Late 2013)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Instant Hotspot requires one of these iDevices with cellular connectivity and Personal Hotspot service through your wireless carrier:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>iPhone 5 or later</li>\n<li>iPhone 4s (sharing iPhone calls only)</li>\n<li>iPad (4th generation), iPad Air, iPad Air 2, iPad Pro</li>\n<li>iPad mini, iPad mini with Retina display, iPad mini 3, iPad mini 4</li>\n<li>iPod touch (5th generation and later)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Phone Calling requires an iPhone with at least iOS 8 and an activated carrier plan, and works with any iOS device that supports iOS 8 and any Mac that supports Sierra or High Sierra.</p>\n<p>SMS requires an iPhone with at least iOS 8.1 and an activated carrier plan, and works with any iOS device with iOS 8.1 and any Mac that supports Sierra or High Sierra.</p>\n<p>If your gear isn&#8217;t listed, Continuity isn&#8217;t going to work for you. So, assuming you have at least two or more devices that meet those requirements, here is how to put these useful features to work for you.</p>\n<h2>How to use Handoff</h2>\n<p>Handoff lets you start a document, email, or message on one Apple device and pick up where you left off on another. It works with Apple apps including Mail, Safari, Maps, Messages, Reminders, Calendar, Contacts, Pages, Numbers, and Keynote as well as some third-party apps.</p>\n<p>To use Handoff, do the following:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Sign in to the same iCloud account on all of your devices.</li>\n<li>Turn on Bluetooth on all the devices you want to use. Make sure your devices are near each other.In this case, <em>near</em> means, <em>in the same room,</em> preferably within a few feet of each other.</li>\n<li>Connect all your devices to the same Wi-Fi network.</li>\n<li>Use one of the aforementioned apps on one of your devices.For the sake of this example, start a new presentation in Keynote on the Mac. When Keynote is open on your Mac, you&#8217;ll see a tiny Keynote icon on your iDevice&#8217;s Lock screen.<br />\n<a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/sierra-keynote.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-244214\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/sierra-keynote.jpg\" alt=\"sierra-keynote\" width=\"212\" height=\"400\" /></a></li>\n<li>Swipe up from the bottom-left edge of the Lock screen, where you see the icon.Keynote launches on your iPhone, and you see the presentation you started on your Mac, ready for you to continue working on it.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Another way to open an app available for Handoff on your iDevice is to double-click the Home button and then tap the app (Keynote in this example) in the multitasking display.</p>\n<p>Going the other direction, if you had started the presentation on your iDevice, you&#8217;d see a Keynote icon on the left side of your dock, as shown. Click the icon to launch Keynote, which will open the presentation that&#8217;s currently open on your iDevice.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/sierra-dock-keynote.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-244215\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/sierra-dock-keynote.jpg\" alt=\"sierra-dock-keynote\" width=\"535\" height=\"136\" /></a></p>\n<p>You can also use High Sierra&#8217;s app switcher (Command-Tab) to open an app that&#8217;s displaying a Handoff icon in your dock.</p>\n<p>If you decide you want to disable Handoff:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><strong>On your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch: Tap Settings</strong>→<strong>General</strong>→<strong>Handoff &amp; Suggested Apps, and turn off Handoff.</strong></b></li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>On your Mac: Open System Preferences, click the General icon, and uncheck Allow Handoff.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Try using Handoff with Safari. If you start reading a web page on one device, as long as you don&#8217;t quit Safari you can pick up reading it on any of your other devices. You might find that you use Handoff more with Safari than with documents, messages, and mail combined. Bottom line: Handoff is a sweet feature when it works.</p>\n<p>Handoff still isn&#8217;t robust for some users, with reports of inconsistent or nonexistent behavior with Handoff appearing a year after its introduction. I&#8217;m sure Apple will get it sorted out in an iOS or High Sierra update. Meanwhile, if it stops working (or never started working) for you, you might have some luck by disabling Handoff, logging out of iCloud on all devices, restarting all the devices, and then reenabling Handoff. It&#8217;s a pain but it works more often than not (assuming all of your gear meets the requirements).</p>\n<h2>How to use Personal Hotspot</h2>\n<p>Another Continuity feature allows you to use the Personal Hotspot on your iPhone or cellular iPad to provide instant Internet access to other iDevices.</p>\n<p>Some cellular operators and data plans don&#8217;t include Personal Hotspot. If you don&#8217;t see a Personal Hotspot in Settings→Cellular Data on your iDevice, contact your wireless operator.</p>\n<p>The first thing to do is enable the hotspot on your cellular device by tapping Settings→Cellular Data and enabling the Personal Hotspot switch.</p>\n<p>Now, to get Internet access on your (non-cellular) device:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Sign into iCloud using the same Apple ID used on the cellular iDevice.</li>\n<li>Tap Settings→Wi-Fi and select the name of the iPhone or iPad with the Personal Hotspot.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>To get Internet access on your Mac:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Click the Wi-Fi icon in the menu bar.</li>\n<li>In the menu that appears, select the name of your iPhone or iPad with the cellular connection.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>And that&#8217;s all there is to it!</p>\n<p>The data consumed by the non-cellular devices comes from the cellular device with the Personal Hotspot&#8217;s data plan. If your data plan is unlimited, you&#8217;re golden. For those who pay for data by the gigabyte: Keep an eye on your cellular data usage to avoid unpleasant surprises on your next bill.</p>\n<h2>How to make phone calls with Continuity</h2>\n<p>With Continuity, you can make and receive cellular phone calls from your iPad, iPod touch, or Mac when your iPhone is on the same Wi-Fi network.</p>\n<p>To make and receive phone calls on your Mac, iPad, or iPod touch:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Sign in to the same iCloud account on all your devices, including your Mac.</li>\n<li>Make sure all devices are on the same Wi-Fi network.</li>\n<li>Make sure all devices are signed in to FaceTime using the same iCloud account.This means that any device using this Apple ID for FaceTime will receive your phone calls. See the instructions for turning off iPhone cellular calling later in this section to disable phone calls on a device.</li>\n<li>Tap Settings→Phone. If you see Wi-Fi Calling, turn it off.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Now that you have everything configured, here are some details on making a call from your Mac, iPad, or iPod touch:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tap or click a phone number in Contacts, Calendar, or Safari, or tap a phone number from a recent contact in the multitasking display of iDevices.</li>\n<li>To answer a call on your iPad or iPod touch, just swipe to answer.</li>\n<li>On a Mac you&#8217;ll see a notification when you receive a call on your iPhone. You can then click to answer the call, send it to voicemail, or send the caller a message.</li>\n<li>To disable iPhone cellular calls on your iPad or iPod touch, tap Settings→FaceTime→Calls from iPhone and then tap the switch to disable it.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>SMS and Continuity</h2>\n<p>With Continuity, all SMS and MMS text messages that you send and receive on your iPhone appear on your Mac, iPad, and iPod touch, even if the person on the other end is less fortunate and doesn&#8217;t use an iPhone or a Mac.</p>\n<p>Furthermore, you can reply from whichever device is closest to you, including your iPad, iPod touch, or Mac.</p>\n<p>To use Continuity for SMS and MMS with your iPhone and your Mac, iPad, or iPod touch, all of your iDevices need iOS 8.1 or higher and your Macs need macOS 10.10 Yosemite or higher. And all devices need to sign in to iMessage using the same Apple ID.</p>\n<p>Now enable SMS on your iPhone by taping Settings→Messages→Send &amp; Receive→You Can Be Reached by iMessage At and enable the check boxes for both your phone number and your email address.</p>\n<p>Finally, tap Settings→Messages→Text Message Forwarding and enable the devices you would like this iPhone to forward SMS messages to.</p>\n<p>Each device you enable will display a code; just enter the code on your iPhone to verify the SMS feature and you&#8217;re done.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-05T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":244221},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:48:00+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-03-23T18:42:09+00:00","timestamp":"2022-03-24T00:01:08+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513},{"name":"Operating Systems","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33524"},"slug":"operating-systems","categoryId":33524},{"name":"Linux","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33526"},"slug":"linux","categoryId":33526}],"title":"Linux All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"linux all-in-one for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"linux-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"From installation to commands to the bash shell and file systems, read on to explore how to make Linux work for you.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Linux can fulfill almost any need you have for the operating system on a desktop computer, but you must be able to tell it what you want to do in a way that it understands. First, you have to get Linux installed. Then, you need to know about its important directories and common commands, how to work with file permissions, how to check network configuration and connectivity, and how to interact with the <span class=\"code\">bash</span> shell.","description":"Linux can fulfill almost any need you have for the operating system on a desktop computer, but you must be able to tell it what you want to do in a way that it understands. First, you have to get Linux installed. Then, you need to know about its important directories and common commands, how to work with file permissions, how to check network configuration and connectivity, and how to interact with the <span class=\"code\">bash</span> shell.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9408,"name":"Emmett Dulaney","slug":"emmett-dulaney","description":"Emmett Dulaney, DBA, is a professor of marketing and director of doctoral studies at Anderson University. An expert on operating systems and certification, he is the author of more than a dozen books on technology.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9408"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33526,"title":"Linux","slug":"linux","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33526"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":255873,"title":"How to Use GPG in Linux to Encrypt Files","slug":"how-to-use-gpg-in-linux-to-encrypt-files","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/255873"}},{"articleId":255870,"title":"What You Need to Know to Set Up a Simple Firewall in Linux","slug":"what-you-need-to-know-to-set-up-a-simple-firewall-in-linux","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/255870"}},{"articleId":255867,"title":"How to Use Netfilter on Your Linux System: Enabling a Packet-Filtering Firewall","slug":"how-to-use-netfilter-on-your-linux-system-enabling-a-packet-filtering-firewall","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/255867"}},{"articleId":255864,"title":"Linux Security Basics: How to Encrypt and Sign Files with GnuPG","slug":"linux-security-basics-how-to-encrypt-and-sign-files-with-gnupg","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/255864"}},{"articleId":255861,"title":"How to Protect Files and Directories in Linux","slug":"how-to-protect-files-and-directories-in-linux","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/255861"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":274329,"title":"The Linux GNOME Desktop","slug":"the-linux-gnome-desktop","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274329"}},{"articleId":274317,"title":"How to Install Linux from Ubuntu Live","slug":"how-to-install-linux-from-ubuntu-live","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274317"}},{"articleId":274308,"title":"How to Partition a Drive for Linux and Microsoft Windows","slug":"how-to-partition-a-drive-for-linux-and-microsoft-windows","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274308"}},{"articleId":274301,"title":"10 Linux Troubleshooting Tips","slug":"10-linux-troubleshooting-tips","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274301"}},{"articleId":274296,"title":"What Is Linux?","slug":"what-is-linux","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274296"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281757,"slug":"linux-all-in-one-for-dummies-6th-edition","isbn":"9781119490463","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119490464/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119490464/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119490464-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119490464/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119490464/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/linux-all-in-one-for-dummies-6th-edition-cover-9781119490463-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Linux All-in-One For Dummies, 6th Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"9408\">Emmett Dulaney</b> is a university professor and columnist for <i>Certification Magazine.</i> An expert on operating systems and certification, he is the author of <i>CompTIA Security+ Study Guide, CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide,</i> and <i>CompTIA Network+ Exam Cram.</i> </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9408,"name":"Emmett Dulaney","slug":"emmett-dulaney","description":"Emmett Dulaney, DBA, is a professor of marketing and director of doctoral studies at Anderson University. An expert on operating systems and certification, he is the author of more than a dozen books on technology.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9408"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;linux&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119490463&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-623bb4c4d4544\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;linux&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119490463&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-623bb4c4d4f31\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":152307,"title":"Linux Installation Checklist","slug":"linux-installation-checklist","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/152307"}},{"articleId":152250,"title":"Linux Commands to Check the Network","slug":"linux-commands-to-check-the-network","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","linux"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/152250"}},{"articleId":152270,"title":"Working in Linux with the bash Shell","slug":"working-in-linux-with-the-bash-shell","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/152270"}},{"articleId":152271,"title":"Linux File System Basics","slug":"linux-file-system-basics","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/152271"}}],"content":[{"title":"Linux installation checklist","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Every Linux distribution differs slightly in the interface used to install the operating system on your desktop, the order of the information it requests, and the tools it uses to simplify the installation process. Regardless of the distribution, however, you must follow these four major steps to install Linux:</p>\n<ol class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If you want to keep your existing operating system, resize the disk partition by using a partitioning tool or get a second hard drive.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Burn DVDs or format flash drives for your distribution and boot the PC from the DVD or flash drive.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Go through the graphical installation steps.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Configure other hardware when the system first boots.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n"},{"title":"Linux commands to check the network","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Many Linux distributions provide a number of tools to simplify network configuration and connectivity verification. The following tools work with every distribution and allow you to administer your network from the command line:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">ping</span>: Checks network connectivity</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">ifconfig</span>: Displays the configuration for a network interface</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">traceroute</span>: Shows the path taken to reach a host</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">route</span>: Displays the routing table and/or lets you configure it</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">arp</span>: Shows the address resolution table and/or lets you configure it</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">netstat</span>: Displays the status of the network</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Working in Linux with the bash shell","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The <span class=\"code\">bash</span> shell serves as the mediator between the user and the Linux kernel, with <span class=\"code\">b</span><span class=\"code\">ash</span> being the most common shell in use today. To interact with the <span class=\"code\">b</span><span class=\"code\">ash</span> shell, you need to understand how the pipe works (allowing the output of one command to be the input of the next), how to use redirection, and some basic commands and environment variables:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Pipe:</b></p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\"><i>command1</i></span><span class=\"code\"> | </span><span class=\"code\"><i>command2</i></span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Redirections:</b></p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\"><i>command</i></span><span class=\"code\"> &gt; </span><span class=\"code\"><i>file</i></span>: output goes to <span class=\"code\">file</span></p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\"><i>command</i></span><span class=\"code\"> &lt; </span><span class=\"code\"><i>file</i></span>: input from <span class=\"code\">file</span></p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\"><i>command</i></span><span class=\"code\"> &gt;</span><span class=\"code\">&gt;</span><span class=\"code\"> file</span>: append to <span class=\"code\">file</span></p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\"><i>command2</i></span><span class=\"code\">&gt; file</span>: errors go to <span class=\"code\">file</span></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Commands:</b></p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">alias</span>: Defines a shortcut for a long command</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">apropos</span>: Searches the manpages for keywords</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">history</span>: Displays the most recent commands</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">locate</span>: Finds files</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">whereis</span>: Finds executable files for a command</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">which</span>: Shows the full pathname for a command</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">man</span>: Displays online help</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">printenv</span>: Displays the environment variables</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Environment variables:</b></p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">HOME</span>: User&#8217;s home directory</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">PATH</span>: Directories to search for commands</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">TERM</span>: Name of a terminal type</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Linux file system basics","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>To interact with the Linux file system, you must understand some basics: its key directories, some of the most commonly used commands, and the permissions you can assign to files.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Key directories in the file system:</b></p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">*<span class=\"code\">/</span>: Root directory (base of file system)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">/bin</span>: Executable programs</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">/boot</span>: Linux kernel and boot loader</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">/dev</span>: Special device files</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">/etc</span>: System configuration files</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">/home</span>: Home directories of all users</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">/lib</span>: Library files for programs</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">/media</span>: Mount points for CD-ROM and other media</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">/root</span>: Home directory of the <span class=\"code\">root</span> user</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">*<span class=\"code\">/sbin</span>: System administration commands</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">/srv</span>: Data for services such as Web and FTP</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">*<span class=\"code\">/tmp</span>: Temporary directory</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">/usr</span>: Many of the important administration programs</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">/var</span>: Various system files, such as logs</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Common commands:</b></p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">cat</span>: Copies a file to the standard output</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">cd</span>: Changes the current directory</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">chmod</span>: Changes file permissions</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">chown</span>: Changes file ownerships</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">cp</span>: Copies files</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">dd</span>: Copies blocks of data</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">df</span>: Reports disk space usage by device and available space</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">diff</span>: Compares two text files</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">du</span>: Reports disk space usage by directory</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">file</span>: Displays the type of data in a file</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">find</span>: Finds files based on specified criteria</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">grep</span>: Searches for text in a file</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">ln</span>: Links a filename to an alias name</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">ls</span>: Displays the contents of a directory</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">mkdir</span>: Creates a directory</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">more</span>: Displays a text file, one page at a time</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">mount</span>: Mounts a file system</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">mv</span>: Renames or moves a file</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">pwd</span>: Displays the current directory</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">rm</span>: Deletes files</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">rmdir</span>: Deletes directories</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">sort</span>: Sorts lines in a text file</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">split</span>: Splits a file into smaller parts</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">umount</span>: Unmounts a file system</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">wc</span>: Counts the words and lines in a file</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>File permissions:</b></p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">rwxrwxrwx</span>: Three sets of <span class=\"code\">rwx</span>. The leftmost set pertains to the owner, the middle set is for the group, and the rightmost set is for others; <span class=\"code\">rwx</span> stands for read (<span class=\"code\">r</span>), write (<span class=\"code\">w</span>), execute (<span class=\"code\">x</span>); the dash (<span class=\"code\">&#8211;</span>) means no permission.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">rwx&#8212;&#8212;</span>: Only the owner can read, write, and execute.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;</span>: Everyone can read, and the owner can also write.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">rw&#8212;&#8212;-</span>: Only the owner can read and write.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><span class=\"code\">r&#8211;r&#8211;r&#8211;</span>: Everyone can read.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Permissions can also be expressed numerically, where read (<span class=\"code\">r</span>) is equal to 4, write (<span class=\"code\">w</span>) is equal to 2, execute (<span class=\"code\">x</span>) is equal to 1, and no permission is equal to 0. Therefore, <span class=\"code\">rwxrwxrwx</span> is equal to 777, <span class=\"code\">rwx&#8212;&#8212;</span><i> </i>is equal to 700, <span class=\"code\">rw-r&#8211;r—</span> is equal to 644, <span class=\"code\">rw</span><span class=\"code\">&#8212;&#8212;-</span> is equal to 600, and <span class=\"code\">r&#8211;r&#8211;r</span><span class=\"code\">&#8212;</span> is equal to 444.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-03-23T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207674},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2019-03-15T02:08:59+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-03-15T20:03:48+00:00","timestamp":"2022-03-16T00:01:10+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513},{"name":"Operating Systems","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33524"},"slug":"operating-systems","categoryId":33524},{"name":"Windows","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33532"},"slug":"windows","categoryId":33532}],"title":"Windows Server 2019 & PowerShell All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"windows server 2019 & powershell all-in-one for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"windows-server-2019-powershell-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn about PowerShell commands, including variables, loops, and aliases. You also learn how to run PowerShell scripts and access PowerShell Help.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"PowerShell 5.1 is the current released version of Windows PowerShell and is the version that ships with Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2019. It is installed by default on these newer operating systems, but it’s also available for install on Windows Server 2008 R2 with Service Pack1, Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2012 R2. The last three operating systems must have Windows Management Framework 5.1 installed to support PowerShell 5.1.","description":"PowerShell 5.1 is the current released version of Windows PowerShell and is the version that ships with Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2019. It is installed by default on these newer operating systems, but it’s also available for install on Windows Server 2008 R2 with Service Pack1, Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2012 R2. The last three operating systems must have Windows Management Framework 5.1 installed to support PowerShell 5.1.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":24327,"name":"Sara Perrott","slug":"sara-perrott","description":"Sara Perrott is an information security professional with a systems and network engineering background. She teaches classes related to Windows Server, Amazon Web Services, networking, and virtualization. Perrott addressed the AWS Imagine conference in 2018 and presented at the RSA conference in 2019. 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","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/24327"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;windows&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119560715&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-623128c689de7\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;windows&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119560715&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-623128c68a766\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":260597,"title":"PowerShell Commands and Command Structures","slug":"","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/260597"}},{"articleId":260600,"title":"How to Run PowerShell Scripts","slug":"","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/260600"}},{"articleId":260604,"title":"How to Access PowerShell Help","slug":"","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/260604"}}],"content":[{"title":"PowerShell commands and command structures","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When you&#8217;re working with commands in PowerShell 5.1, you need to understand how to work with PowerShell variables, PowerShell comparison operators, and PowerShell loops and conditionals. You also should know how to use aliases, which are shortcuts for the more common commands.</p>\n<h2>PowerShell Variables</h2>\n<p>Creating and working with variables is simple. To create a variable, prefix the variable name with the <code>$</code> and then give the variable a value:</p>\n<p><code>$loc = Get-Location</code></p>\n<p>To call the variable, you need only type in the <code>$</code> and the variable name:</p>\n<p><code>$loc</code></p>\n<h2>PowerShell Comparison Operators</h2>\n<p>Comparison operators typically return a true or a false. Here are the common comparison operators in use with PowerShell:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><strong>Operator</strong></td>\n<td width=\"319\"><strong>Description</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>-gt</code> or <code>-ge</code></td>\n<td width=\"319\">Greater than or greater than or equal to.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>-lt</code> or <code>-le</code></td>\n<td width=\"319\">Less than or less than or equal to.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>-eq</code> or <code>-ne</code></td>\n<td width=\"319\">Equal to or not equal to.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>-and</code></td>\n<td width=\"319\">If both inputs are true, then the output is true.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>-or</code></td>\n<td width=\"319\">If one of the inputs is true, then the output is true.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>-like</code> or <code>-notlike</code></td>\n<td width=\"319\">Uses a wildcard to match patterns.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><code>-contains</code> and <code>-notcontains</code></td>\n<td width=\"319\">Checks to see if a particular value exists in an array.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<h2>PowerShell Loops and Conditionals</h2>\n<p>Conditionals are great when you need to evaluate input based on a certain set of criteria and execute a specific block of code based on that evaluation. One of the most common types is the <code>If </code>statement.</p>\n<p><code>$car = 'Nissan'</code></p>\n<p><code>If ($car -eq 'Ford') {</code></p>\n<p><code>Write-Host 'This is a Ford car.'</code></p>\n<p><code>}</code></p>\n<p><code>ElseIf ($car -eq 'Chevrolet') {</code></p>\n<p><code>Write-Host 'This is a Chevrolet car.'</code></p>\n<p><code>}</code></p>\n<p><code>ElseIf ($car -eq 'Nissan') {</code></p>\n<p><code>Write-Host 'This is a Nissan car.'</code></p>\n<p><code>}</code></p>\n<p><code>Else {</code></p>\n<p><code>Write-Host \"Don't know what kind of car this is.\"</code></p>\n<p><code>}</code></p>\n<p>Loops are useful when you want to use the same action against multiple objects. Here are some examples of types of loops.</p>\n<h3>ForEach</h3>\n<p><code>ForEach </code>is used to enumerate a set of data. In the following example, the <code>ForEach </code>is being used to go through all the processes returned from <code>Get-Process</code> and it returns their names.</p>\n<p><code>foreach ($proc in Get-Process){Write-Host $proc.name}</code></p>\n<h3>While</h3>\n<p>Initializes the <code>$num</code> variable with 1 and increments by one with each loop as long as the number is less than or equal to 10. Prints the value of <code>$num</code> with each loop.</p>\n<p><code>$num = 1</code></p>\n<p><code>while ($num -le 10) {</code></p>\n<p><code>Write-Host $num</code></p>\n<p><code>$num ++</code></p>\n<p><code>}</code></p>\n<h3>Do . . . While</h3>\n<p>Initializes the <code>$myint</code> variable with 1, and then increments the value of <code>$myint</code> by 1 through each loop until <code>$myint</code> is no longer less than or equal to 5. Prints the value of <code>$myint</code> through each loop.</p>\n<p><code>$myint = 1</code></p>\n<p><code>do</code></p>\n<p><code>{</code></p>\n<p><code>\"Starting loop number $myint\"</code></p>\n<p><code>$myint</code></p>\n<p><code>$myint++</code></p>\n<p><code>\"Now my integer is $myint\"</code></p>\n<p><code>} While ($myint -le 5)</code></p>\n<h2>PowerShell Aliases</h2>\n<p>Aliases are shortcuts for some of the more common commands. You can use an alias much as you would the full command. For example, the following two commands will do the same thing. One is using the alias; the other is not.</p>\n<p><code>Get-Process | Format-Table</code></p>\n<p><code>Get-Process | ft</code></p>\n<p>Here are some of the most frequently used aliases:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><strong>Alias</strong></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><strong>Full Command</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>gcm</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>Get-Command</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>sort</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>Sort-Object</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>gi</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>Get-Item</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>cp</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>Copy-Item</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>fl</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>Format-List</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>ft</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>Format-Table</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>pwd</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>Get-Location</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>cls</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>Clear-Host</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>ni</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>New-Item</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>sleep</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>Start-Sleep</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>write</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>Write-Output</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"112\"><code>where</code></td>\n<td width=\"337\"><code>Where-Object</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n"},{"title":"How to run PowerShell scripts","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>To create and run a PowerShell script, follow these steps:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Create your PowerShell script and save it as a PS1 file.</strong><br />\nThis is the PowerShell file extension.</li>\n<li><strong>Open a PowerShell window by right-clicking Start and then choosing Windows PowerShell (Admin).</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Navigate to the directory the script is located in and then type the following to execute the script from the current directory:</strong><br />\n<code>.\\yourscript.ps1</code></li>\n</ol>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">If you get an error when you try to run your script, it may be due to your execution policy being set too restrictive. Try running the following:</p>\n<p><code>Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned</code></p>\n"},{"title":"How to access PowerShell help","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>It’s always useful to know how to get help in PowerShell if you get stuck on the proper usage of a command. Here are helpful ways to get some assistance on the command line.</p>\n<p>To update the help files on your system, run this cmdlet:</p>\n<p><code>Update-Help</code></p>\n<p>Running the following command will display the basic help file for the <code>Get-Process</code> command, including a description and the appropriate syntax. You can run <code>Get-Help</code> for any cmdlet, not just <code>Get-Process</code>.</p>\n<p><code>Get-Help Get-Process</code></p>\n<p>Running the command with the <code>-Detailed</code> parameter will give you additional information like descriptions of the parameters and examples of how to use the cmdlet.</p>\n<p><code>Get-Help Get-Process -Detailed</code></p>\n<p>Running the command with the <code>-Full</code> parameter will give you additional information like descriptions of the parameters and examples of how to use the cmdlet, as well as the types of input/output objects and any additional notes that might appear in the help file.</p>\n<p><code>Get-Help Get-Process -Full</code></p>\n<p>The last cmdlet you should know is the <code>Get-Member</code> cmdlet. If you aren’t sure how to interact with a cmdlet, <code>Get-Member</code> can give you the methods and the properties associated with the cmdlet.</p>\n<p><code>Get-Process | Get-Member</code></p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-03-15T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":260607},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:47:43+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-03-14T18:13:51+00:00","timestamp":"2022-03-15T00:01:11+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513},{"name":"Hardware","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33516"},"slug":"hardware","categoryId":33516},{"name":"Raspberry Pi","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33519"},"slug":"raspberry-pi","categoryId":33519}],"title":"Raspberry Pi For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"raspberry pi for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"raspberry-pi-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn how to find and install great free software on your Raspberry Pi as well as how to program in Scratch.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"The Raspberry Pi is perhaps the most inspiring computer available today. It comes with the tools you need to start making your own software, and you can connect your own electronic inventions to it. These tips show you how to discover and install great free software on your Raspberry Pi and how to program in Scratch.","description":"The Raspberry Pi is perhaps the most inspiring computer available today. It comes with the tools you need to start making your own software, and you can connect your own electronic inventions to it. These tips show you how to discover and install great free software on your Raspberry Pi and how to program in Scratch.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9304,"name":"Sean McManus","slug":"sean-mcmanus","description":"Sean McManus is an expert technology and business author. His previous books include Mission Python, Coder Academy, and Cool Scratch Projects in Easy Steps. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9304"}},{"authorId":9222,"name":"Mike Cook","slug":"mike-cook","description":"Mike Cook is a lifelong electronics buff, a former lecturer in physics at Manchester Metropolitan University, and the author of more than 300 articles on computing and electronics. You'll often find him monitoring technology forums under the moniker Grumpy Mike. 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His previous books include Mission Python, Coder Academy, and Cool Scratch Projects in Easy Steps. <b data-author-id=\"9222\">Mike Cook</b> is a lifelong electronics buff, a former lecturer in physics at Manchester Metropolitan University, and the author of more than 300 articles on computing and electronics. You'll often find him monitoring technology forums under the moniker Grumpy Mike.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9304,"name":"Sean McManus","slug":"sean-mcmanus","description":"Sean McManus is an expert technology and business author. His previous books include Mission Python, Coder Academy, and Cool Scratch Projects in Easy Steps. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9304"}},{"authorId":9222,"name":"Mike Cook","slug":"mike-cook","description":"Mike Cook is a lifelong electronics buff, a former lecturer in physics at Manchester Metropolitan University, and the author of more than 300 articles on computing and electronics. You'll often find him monitoring technology forums under the moniker Grumpy Mike. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9222"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;hardware&quot;,&quot;raspberry-pi&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119796824&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-622fd747283e3\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;hardware&quot;,&quot;raspberry-pi&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119796824&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-622fd74728b03\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":147468,"title":"How to Install Games and Other Software on the Raspberry Pi","slug":"how-to-install-games-and-other-software-on-the-raspberry-pi","categoryList":["technology","computers","hardware","raspberry-pi"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/147468"}},{"articleId":147474,"title":"Programming in Scratch","slug":"programming-in-scratch","categoryList":["technology","computers","hardware","raspberry-pi"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/147474"}}],"content":[{"title":"How to install games and other software on the Raspberry Pi","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>You can discover new software to install using the command line, but there&#8217;s also a friendly menu system you can use in the desktop environment. On the Applications menu, hover over the Preferences option and click Add/Remove Software to get started. You need to have an active Internet connection.</p>\n<p>The menu looks like this:</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/raspberry-pi-add-remove.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-244250\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/raspberry-pi-add-remove.jpg\" alt=\"raspberry-pi-add-remove\" width=\"535\" height=\"337\" /></a></p>\n<p>In the top left is a search box, where you can enter the name of a program you&#8217;re looking for, or a phrase such as <em>puzzle games</em> to explore what&#8217;s available. On the left are categories you can click to see your options.</p>\n<p>The main pane shows you the packages, with a scrollbar on the right that you can use to see the full list. Those that are already checked (or <em>ticked</em>) and shown in bold are already installed on your Raspberry Pi. You can click a package to see its description below. To select a package for installation, tick the box beside it. To remove it, untick it.</p>\n<p>When you&#8217;ve finished choosing your software, click the OK button to install and remove the applications. You will be prompted to enter your password (which is <em>raspberry</em>, unless you&#8217;ve changed it). It can take some time to download and install the software, so it&#8217;s a good idea to choose a few applications and leave them to install in one batch while you do something else.</p>\n<p>The menu ensures that any applications that your chosen application requires also get installed. When you install the puzzle game Brain Party, for example, the menu automatically installed its separate data package for you.</p>\n<p>Your software is now installed! You should be able to run it either from the shell by entering its name (for example, penguinspuzzle), or through your Applications menu in the desktop environment.</p>\n<p>The menu makes it easy to install software, but you might find that not all the software works well on the Raspberry Pi. It&#8217;s easy enough to try something, though, and remove it if it doesn&#8217;t do what you need. It&#8217;s all free.</p>\n"},{"title":"Programming in Scratch","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The Raspberry Pi was created partly to inspire the next generation of programmers, and Scratch is the perfect place to start. With it, you can make your own cartoons and games and discover some of the concepts that professional programmers use every day.</p>\n<p>Scratch is designed to be approachable for people of all ages. The visual interface makes it easy to see what you can do at any time without having to remember any strange codes, and you can rapidly achieve great results. Scratch comes with a library of images and sounds, so it only takes a few minutes to write your first Scratch program.</p>\n<h2>The Scratch screen layout</h2>\n<p>There are two versions of Scratch installed in Raspbian:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Scratch:</strong> This is the original version of Scratch, widely known as Scratch 1.4. If you&#8217;re a newcomer to Scratch, we recommend you start by using the original Scratch, because your programs will run much more quickly.</li>\n<li><strong>Scratch 2:</strong> This adds some features that are not available in the original Scratch, including the ability for sprites (which are, roughly speaking, game characters) to create copies of themselves, and a feature to make your own blocks (or instructions). Because Scratch 2 requires the Flash software to work, it only runs on the Raspberry Pi 2 and Raspberry Pi 3. Some programs, especially action games, run significantly slower in this version of Scratch, because of all the layers of software required to run Flash on the Raspberry Pi. Simple programs will run fine, but if you want to make games you will soon notice a performance difference.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/raspberry-pi-scratch.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-244254\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/raspberry-pi-scratch.jpg\" alt=\"raspberry-pi-scratch\" width=\"535\" height=\"384\" /></a></p>\n<p>Scratch divides the screen into four main areas. The Stage is where you can see your game or animation take shape. There&#8217;s a cat on it already, so you can get started straightaway by making it do things, as you see in a minute. In Scratch, the Stage is in the top right, and in Scratch 2, it&#8217;s in the top left.</p>\n<p>Underneath the Stage is your Sprite List. You can think of sprites as the characters in your game. They&#8217;re images that you can make do things, such as move around or change their appearance. For now, there&#8217;s just the cat, which has the name Sprite1 in Scratch and Cat1 in Scratch 2.</p>\n<p>You create a Scratch program by snapping together <em>blocks</em>, which are short instructions. You find the blocks in the Blocks palette, which is on the left in Scratch and in the middle in Scratch 2. In both cases, it displays the Motion blocks by default. They include instructions to move ten steps, rotate, go to a particular grid reference, and point in a particular direction.</p>\n<p>The Scripts area is where the magic happens! You assemble your program in this space, by dragging blocks into it from the Blocks Palette. The Scripts area is in the middle in the original Scratch, and on the right in Scratch 2.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/raspberry-pi-scripts.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-244255\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/raspberry-pi-scripts.jpg\" alt=\"raspberry-pi-scripts\" width=\"535\" height=\"382\" /></a></p>\n<h2>Making your sprite move under keyboard control</h2>\n<p>You can make this simple example using either version of Scratch.</p>\n<p>To make your sprite move under keyboard control, assemble the program in the following figure. You need to click the Control button above the Blocks Palette to view the yellow blocks, and the Motion button to see the blocks to change the x and y coordinates. The keyboard control block is called When [space] Key Pressed, and you can click where it says [space] to change that to a different key. The movement blocks to change the x and y position have the number 10 in them by default, but you can click in the box and type your chosen number.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/raspberry-pi-sprite.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-244256\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/raspberry-pi-sprite.jpg\" alt=\"raspberry-pi-sprite\" width=\"300\" height=\"423\" /></a></p>\n<h2>Adding a bouncing ball</h2>\n<p>There are three or four New Sprite buttons above the Sprite List. In Scratch, the middle button, which shows a folder on a star, is for choosing a new sprite from a file. In Scratch 2.0, the first button with a spiky-haired character on it is for choosing a new sprite from the library. Click the button and use the file browser to find a ball sprite in the Things folder.</p>\n<p>Now you have two sprites in the Sprite List. To choose which one you add blocks to, you click it first. Click the ball in the Sprite List (not on the Stage) to make sure it’s selected.</p>\n<p>Then add the program in the following figure.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/raspberry-pi-ball.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-244257\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/raspberry-pi-ball.jpg\" alt=\"raspberry-pi-ball\" width=\"344\" height=\"294\" /></a></p>\n<p>When you click the green flag above the Stage to start your program, the ball will start bouncing from left to right and back again, and you can move the cat to try to cross its path without getting hit. Well done! You’ve made your first simple game!</p>\n<h2>Online Scratch resources</h2>\n<p>For more help with Scratch, see the following links:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://wiki.scratch.mit.edu/wiki/Scratch_Wiki\">Scratch Wiki</a>: The Scratch Wiki is a community resource that includes documentation of all the Scratch blocks.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sean.co.uk/books/scratch-programming-in-easy-steps/10-block-demos.shtm\">10 Block Demos</a>: What can you do with Scratch in 10 blocks or fewer? These simple examples by Sean McManus, co-author of <em>Raspberry Pi For Dummies, 3rd Edition</em>, show you how to make a password, make a sprite explode, draw any shape, and more.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sean.co.uk/books/scratch-programming-in-easy-steps/debugging-scratch-programs.shtm\">Debugging Scratch programs</a>: Some tips on the most common bugs in Scratch programs and how you can find them.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://projects.codeclubworld.org/en-GB/index.html\">Code Club Scratch Projects</a>: Code Club provides project tutorials that are typically used in schools, but you can use them at home too.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://scratched.gse.harvard.edu/\">ScratchEd</a>: A site for educators that includes lots of links to example Scratch projects and other resources.</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-03-14T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207610},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:47:00+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-03-14T15:00:34+00:00","timestamp":"2022-03-14T18:01:09+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513},{"name":"Operating Systems","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33524"},"slug":"operating-systems","categoryId":33524},{"name":"Windows","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33532"},"slug":"windows","categoryId":33532},{"name":"Windows 10","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33535"},"slug":"windows-10","categoryId":33535}],"title":"Windows 10 All-In-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"windows 10 all-in-one for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"windows-10-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn how to get the most out of Windows 10, including how to find what you need and what you shouldn't do with Windows 10.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Adjusting to a new operating system, whether you're upgrading from an old version of Windows to Windows 10 or you've purchased a new machine running Windows 10, isn't an easy thing to do. In this cheat sheet, you'll find out what you should do right away, what you shouldn't do, and how to find the features you're used to. You also will find some tips for keeping your sanity while adjusting to your new operating system.","description":"Adjusting to a new operating system, whether you're upgrading from an old version of Windows to Windows 10 or you've purchased a new machine running Windows 10, isn't an easy thing to do. In this cheat sheet, you'll find out what you should do right away, what you shouldn't do, and how to find the features you're used to. You also will find some tips for keeping your sanity while adjusting to your new operating system.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9486,"name":"Ciprian Rusen","slug":"ciprian-rusen","description":"","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9486"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33535,"title":"Windows 10","slug":"windows-10","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33535"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":285564,"title":"How to Use Android and iPhone Devices with Windows 10","slug":"how-to-use-android-and-iphone-devices-with-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/285564"}},{"articleId":285540,"title":"How to Work Remotely with Windows 10","slug":"how-to-work-remotely-with-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/285540"}},{"articleId":255316,"title":"How to Install a Second Internal Hard Drive on Your Windows 10 Device","slug":"how-to-install-a-second-internal-hard-drive-on-your-windows-10-device","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/255316"}},{"articleId":231851,"title":"What Is OneDrive?","slug":"what-is-onedrive","categoryList":["technology","software","microsoft-products","onedrive"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/231851"}},{"articleId":140899,"title":"How to Use Event Viewer in Windows 10","slug":"how-to-use-event-viewer-in-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/140899"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":285564,"title":"How to Use Android and iPhone Devices with Windows 10","slug":"how-to-use-android-and-iphone-devices-with-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/285564"}},{"articleId":285540,"title":"How to Work Remotely with Windows 10","slug":"how-to-work-remotely-with-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/285540"}},{"articleId":283486,"title":"Your Laptop and Windows","slug":"your-laptop-and-windows","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/283486"}},{"articleId":272866,"title":"How to Create Microsoft and Local Accounts in Windows 10","slug":"how-to-create-microsoft-and-local-accounts-in-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/272866"}},{"articleId":272856,"title":"How to Open Windows 10 Apps","slug":"how-to-open-windows-10-apps","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/272856"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282712,"slug":"windows-10-all-in-one-for-dummies-4th-edition","isbn":"9781119680574","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119680573/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119680573/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119680573-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119680573/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119680573/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/windows-10-all-in-one-for-dummies-4th-edition-cover-9781119680574-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Windows 10 All-in-One For Dummies, 4th Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"9068\">Woody Leonhard</b> was one of the first Microsoft consulting partners and Microsoft beta testers. Leonhard has been honored with multiple Computer Press Awards and runs his own blog sharing news, advice, and support tips for Windows at AskWoody.com.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9068,"name":"Woody Leonhard","slug":"woody-leonhard","description":"Woody Leonhard was one of the first Microsoft consulting partners and Microsoft beta testers. Leonhard has been honored with multiple Computer Press Awards and runs his own blog sharing news, advice, and support tips for Windows at AskWoody.com.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9068"}},{"authorId":9486,"name":"Ciprian Rusen","slug":"ciprian-rusen","description":"","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9486"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;windows&quot;,&quot;windows-10&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119680574&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-622f82e5ab0c7\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;operating-systems&quot;,&quot;windows&quot;,&quot;windows-10&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119680574&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-622f82e5ab83e\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":141488,"title":"How to Get the Most Out of Windows 10","slug":"how-to-get-the-most-out-of-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141488"}},{"articleId":141476,"title":"What You <i>Shouldn</i><i>'</i><i>t </i>Do with Windows 10","slug":"what-you-shouldnt-do-with-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141476"}},{"articleId":141489,"title":"How to Find What You Need in Windows 10","slug":"how-to-find-what-you-need-in-windows-10","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141489"}},{"articleId":141490,"title":"5 Common Cures for Windows 10 Computer Insanity","slug":"5-common-cures-for-windows-10-computer-insanity","categoryList":["technology","computers","operating-systems","windows","windows-10"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/141490"}}],"content":[{"title":"How to get the most out of Windows 10","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>You need to quickly do a few things to get the most out of your Windows 10 operating system. Here&#8217;s what you need to do, like, pronto:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Step through the basics using Microsoft&#8217;s Tips app.</strong> Click or tap the Start button (Windows icon) in the lower left of the screen and then scroll down to the Tips app. Click or tap its name. The app provides many useful guides about Windows 10, especially for beginners.</li>\n<li><strong>Make sure Windows is updated</strong>. Microsoft is making changes to Windows even as you read this, so take a minute to ensure you&#8217;re up to date. Click or tap Start, then Settings, choose Update &amp; Security, and on the right, click the box marked Check for updates.</li>\n<li><strong>Get your Windows 10 apps updated. </strong>Chances are good that your Microsoft-supplied Windows 10 apps — the tiled ones, on the right side of the Start menu — aren&#8217;t up to date. Make sure you have all the latest goodies by opening the Microsoft Store app, clicking the ellipses to the right of your picture, choosing Downloads and Updates, and then clicking Get updates at the top of the Microsoft Store window.</li>\n<li><strong>Show filename extensions. </strong>Windows hides a key piece of information from you that can help you identify and avoid viruses: filename extensions, the little piece at the end of each file&#8217;s name, usually three characters long (for example, .docx or .exe or .bat). In File Explorer (the icon looks like a file folder), click View at the top and select the File Name Extensions option.</li>\n<li><strong>Figure out a cloud and OneDrive data storage strategy.</strong> If you want to use Microsoft’s OneDrive, make sure you understand how it may or may not store copies on your PC. If you want to use Dropbox or one of a zillion competitors, it’s easier if you set it up and use it from the get-go.</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"article-tips remember\">Cloud storage is a marketing term — when a company talks about storing data in their cloud, they&#8217;re just saying you should put it on their computers.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Turn on File History</strong>. Unless you&#8217;re going to store everything in the cloud, you need to tell Windows that you want it to keep &#8220;shadow copies&#8221; of files, so you can restore older versions. (Companies that provide cloud storage have this ability built in.) Windows 7 has File History turned on by default; in Windows 10, you must turn it on yourself.</li>\n<li><strong><em>DON&#8217;T</em> lose the battle for your privacy before it starts</strong>. Windows 10 has plenty of privacy-robbing capabilities — some of which, quite frankly, are necessary if you want to use certain features. Seriously consider setting up a throw-away Microsoft account to log on to your computer.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"What you shouldn't do with Windows 10","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Windows 10 is different from any Windows operating system you&#8217;ve used before, in both good and bad ways. Here&#8217;s how to keep your head while others all about you are losing theirs:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>DON&#8217;T assume the new apps will work best for you</strong>. Many Windows 10 adoptees rush to the new Mail, Calendar, People, Photos, Groove Music, Movies &amp; TV, and other apps, assuming that they&#8217;re shiny and new and must, therefore, be pretty darn good. Some aren&#8217;t. Most people will do better with an online mail system. The People app is a joke with a hundred better alternatives, and Windows 10&#8217;s Photos app isn&#8217;t in the same decade as Google Photos.</li>\n<li><strong>DON&#8217;T use Internet Explorer</strong>. Yeah, it&#8217;s there if you look for it, but don&#8217;t go spelunking. Let the bloated dog die. Use Microsoft Edge, Microsoft&#8217;s new browser, or (better!) Google Chrome, Firefox, or Opera.</li>\n<li><strong>DON&#8217;T lose the battle for your privacy before it starts</strong>. Windows 10 has plenty of privacy-robbing capabilities — some of which, quite frankly, are necessary if you want to use certain features. Seriously consider setting up a throw-away Microsoft account to log on to your computer.</li>\n<li><strong>DON’T pay for stuff you don’t need.</strong> Registry cleaners, disk defraggers, even extra-cost antivirus programs may not work as well as what you get for free.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"How to find what you need in Windows 10","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>If you&#8217;re going from an earlier version of Windows to Windows 10, you might be wondering, &#8220;Where the heck did Microsoft put it?&#8221; about any number of features.</p>\n<h3>Upgrading from Windows 7</h3>\n<p>If you&#8217;re going from <strong>Windows 7</strong> to Windows 10, here&#8217;s what&#8217;s changed:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Don&#8217;t get freaked out by the tiles.</strong> No doubt you&#8217;ve heard that Windows 8 messed up Windows, but the tiles in Windows 10 are very different from the tiles in Windows 8. If you used Windows 7 gadgets, think of the new tiles as souped-up gadgets, and you won&#8217;t be far off the mark.</li>\n<li><strong>The Start menu&#8217;s all different.</strong> Not only does it look different, many of the tricks you know from Windows 7 don&#8217;t work.</li>\n<li><strong>Windows 7 backup, File History (&#8220;shadow copies&#8221;) and Storage Spaces are all there</strong>. You just must dig deep. Microsoft wants you to use OneDrive. You may have different priorities.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Upgrading from Windows 8 or 8.1</h3>\n<p>If you&#8217;re going from <strong>Windows 8 or 8.1</strong> to Windows 10, here&#8217;s the big picture:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Everything you learned about Metro apps disappears in Windows 10. </strong>All the time and effort you put into setting up and learning those tiled Metro apps in Windows 8/8.1 won&#8217;t help you very much. Microsoft didn&#8217;t like them, either. Although you see occasional vestiges of Win8 Metro apps in Windows 10&#8217;s apps, by and large, all the old Windows 8 app stuff is dead.</li>\n<li><strong>Many of the old Metro features and apps are gone.</strong> There&#8217;s no Charms bar. There&#8217;s no Metro Start screen. No schizoid Internet Explorer, with completely different Universal and desktop versions.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"5 common cures for Windows 10 computer insanity","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Many people drive themselves insane when they&#8217;re adjusting to a new machine or new operating system like Windows 10. Here are five tips to avoid the insanity:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>If there&#8217;s no mouse cursor on the screen or the cursor won&#8217;t move no matter how much you move the mouse, check the batteries</strong>.\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">If that doesn&#8217;t work, shut the computer down, make sure the mouse is plugged in, and restart the computer. If that doesn&#8217;t work, flip the mouse over and use your fingernail to scrape off built-up gunk, or wipe off the laser hatch with a Q-tip dipped in isopropyl alcohol. If the cursor still won&#8217;t move, throw the stupid thing away. Mice are cheap. Sheesh.</p>\n</li>\n<li><strong>If you suddenly can&#8217;t get at your email or get on the web even though you could get to it yesterday and you haven&#8217;t changed anything at all, chill.</strong><br />\nChances are good that your Internet service provider (the place your computer connects to) is having problems. Come back in a few hours. Don&#8217;t change your settings.</li>\n<li><strong>If you can&#8217;t find a file that was sitting around yesterday, chances are good it&#8217;s either in the Recycle Bin or you dragged it somewhere weird.</strong>\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Double-click the Recycle Bin icon. If your file is there, double-click it and then click Restore. If your file isn&#8217;t there, type anything you can remember about the file into the Search box (to the right of the Start button), and press Enter. If it was in OneDrive, Dropbox, or some other cloud storage system, it&#8217;s still there.</p>\n</li>\n<li><strong>If you spend the money to buy an expensive piece of hardware — a new video card, fancy camera, or a fast, solid-state drive— spend a little bit more money and have the retailer install it.</strong><br />\nLife&#8217;s too short.</li>\n<li><strong>If the stupid computer won&#8217;t work right, turn it off.</strong>\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Go read a book or watch a movie. Get some sleep. Come back when you&#8217;re not so tied up in knots. Few pursuits in the history of humanity are as frustrating as trying to get a recalcitrant computer to behave itself.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-03-14T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207466},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:48:02+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-02-28T19:19:34+00:00","timestamp":"2022-03-01T00:01:06+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Technology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33512"},"slug":"technology","categoryId":33512},{"name":"Computers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33513"},"slug":"computers","categoryId":33513},{"name":"Macs","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33520"},"slug":"macs","categoryId":33520},{"name":"General (Macs)","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33523"},"slug":"general-macs","categoryId":33523}],"title":"Macs All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"macs all-in-one for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"macs-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Get the most from your Mac with this Cheat Sheet of keyboard shortcuts, mouse and trackpad actions, Mac-related websites, and definitions.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Macs come in all shapes and sizes, but you turn all of them on and off, and do things with the keyboard and mouse or trackpad the same way. This Cheat Sheet of timesaving keyboard shortcuts, mouse and trackpad actions, Mac-related websites, and definitions can help you get the most from your Mac right away.","description":"Macs come in all shapes and sizes, but you turn all of them on and off, and do things with the keyboard and mouse or trackpad the same way. This Cheat Sheet of timesaving keyboard shortcuts, mouse and trackpad actions, Mac-related websites, and definitions can help you get the most from your Mac right away.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9337,"name":"Joe Hutsko","slug":"joe-hutsko","description":"Joe Hutsko has been writing about computers, gadgets, and video games for over 20 years. He worked at Apple from 1984 to 1988.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9337"}},{"authorId":9338,"name":"Barbara Boyd","slug":"barbara-boyd","description":"Barbara Boyd is a coauthor of multiple editions of iPhone All-in-One For Dummies. Boyd worked at Apple from 1985 to 1990.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9338"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33523,"title":"General (Macs)","slug":"general-macs","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33523"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":267212,"title":"How to Establish an Apple Identity on a Mac","slug":"how-to-establish-an-apple-identity-on-a-mac","categoryList":["technology","computers","macs","general-macs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267212"}},{"articleId":267203,"title":"How to Store Your Data in iCloud","slug":"how-to-store-your-data-in-icloud","categoryList":["technology","computers","macs","general-macs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267203"}},{"articleId":267197,"title":"Safari Privacy: Safe Ways to Store Personal Info","slug":"safari-privacy-safe-ways-to-store-personal-info","categoryList":["technology","computers","macs","general-macs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267197"}},{"articleId":267194,"title":"How to Use Touch ID on Your Mac","slug":"how-to-use-touch-id-on-your-mac","categoryList":["technology","computers","macs","general-macs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267194"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":267212,"title":"How to Establish an Apple Identity on a Mac","slug":"how-to-establish-an-apple-identity-on-a-mac","categoryList":["technology","computers","macs","general-macs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267212"}},{"articleId":267203,"title":"How to Store Your Data in iCloud","slug":"how-to-store-your-data-in-icloud","categoryList":["technology","computers","macs","general-macs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267203"}},{"articleId":267197,"title":"Safari Privacy: Safe Ways to Store Personal Info","slug":"safari-privacy-safe-ways-to-store-personal-info","categoryList":["technology","computers","macs","general-macs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267197"}},{"articleId":267194,"title":"How to Use Touch ID on Your Mac","slug":"how-to-use-touch-id-on-your-mac","categoryList":["technology","computers","macs","general-macs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267194"}},{"articleId":266528,"title":"How to Customize Your MacBook’s Catalina Firewall","slug":"how-to-customize-your-macbooks-catalina-firewall","categoryList":["technology","computers","macs","general-macs"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/266528"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281767,"slug":"macs-all-in-one-for-dummies-5th-edition","isbn":"9781119607984","categoryList":["technology","computers","macs","general-macs"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119607981/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119607981/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119607981-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119607981/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119607981/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/macs-all-in-one-for-dummies-5th-edition-cover-9781119607984-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Macs All-in-One For Dummies, 5th Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"9337\">Joe Hutsko</b> has been writing about computers, gadgets, and video games for over 20 years. He worked at Apple from 1984 to 1988. <b data-author-id=\"9338\">Barbara Boyd</b> is a coauthor of multiple editions of iPhone All-in-One For Dummies. Boyd worked at Apple from 1985 to 1990. <b data-author-id=\"9263\">Jesse Feiler</b> is a developer, web designer, trainer, and author. He has worked with mobile devices starting with Apple’s Newton and continuing with the Apple’s iOS and OS X products, including the iPhone and iPad. He is heard regularly on WAMC Public Radio’s The Roundtable. <b data-author-id=\"9229\">Doug Sahlin</b> operates a professional photography business specializing in event and portrait photography. He's the best-selling author of more than 20 books on computer applications such as Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Acrobat. He's written four books on digital photography. Sahlin also writes mysteries.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9337,"name":"Joe Hutsko","slug":"joe-hutsko","description":"Joe Hutsko has been writing about computers, gadgets, and video games for over 20 years. He worked at Apple from 1984 to 1988.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9337"}},{"authorId":9338,"name":"Barbara Boyd","slug":"barbara-boyd","description":"Barbara Boyd is a coauthor of multiple editions of iPhone All-in-One For Dummies. Boyd worked at Apple from 1985 to 1990.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9338"}},{"authorId":9263,"name":"Jesse Feiler","slug":"jesse-feiler","description":"Jesse Feiler is a developer, web designer, trainer, and author. He has worked with mobile devices starting with Apple’s Newton and continuing with the Apple’s iOS and OS X products, including the iPhone and iPad. He is heard regularly on WAMC Public Radio’s The Roundtable.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9263"}},{"authorId":9229,"name":"Doug Sahlin","slug":"doug-sahlin","description":"Doug Sahlin operates a professional photography business specializing in event and portrait photography. He's the best-selling author of more than 20 books on computer applications such as Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Acrobat. He's written four books on digital photography. Sahlin also writes mysteries.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9229"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;macs&quot;,&quot;general-macs&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119607984&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-621d6242cda7e\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;technology&quot;,&quot;computers&quot;,&quot;macs&quot;,&quot;general-macs&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119607984&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-621d6242ce013\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":152858,"title":"Using Mac Special Feature Keys","slug":"using-mac-special-feature-keys","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/152858"}},{"articleId":152892,"title":"Common Mac Application Shortcut Keystrokes","slug":"common-mac-application-shortcut-keystrokes","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/152892"}},{"articleId":152834,"title":"Mac Shortcuts for International Letters and Symbols","slug":"mac-shortcuts-for-international-letters-and-symbols","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/152834"}},{"articleId":152878,"title":"Mac Mouse and Trackpad Actions","slug":"mac-mouse-and-trackpad-actions","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/152878"}}],"content":[{"title":"Using Mac special feature keys","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Newer Macs feature keyboards with a row of dedicated special feature keys marked with descriptive icons that also double as function (Fn) keys. For instance, the fifth key from the left is the one you press to open <i><a href=\"https://dummies-wp-content.dummies.com/computers/macs/mac-operating-systems/launchpad-in-os-x-yosemite/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Launchpad</a>,</i> which displays all the applications on your Mac. Some special feature keys evoke a second special feature when you hold down the Fn key and then press the special feature key.</p>\n<p>From the Apple menu, choose System Preferences and then click the Keyboard icon to find all the default key command shortcuts (under the Shortcuts tab), turn on those you want to use, and then edit the key combinations to something easier for you.</p>\n<p>Here are five Mac special feature keys you can press to help you work with and switch between multiple Mac application windows you’re running at the same time.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Keystroke</th>\n<th>Command</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mission Control (F3)</td>\n<td>Displays Mission Control, which lets you switch between<br />\nmultiple desktops.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+Tab</td>\n<td>Displays icons of all running applications.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fn+Volume Down (F11)</td>\n<td>Hides all windows to show the Desktop.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Launchpad (F4)</td>\n<td>Displays Launchpad and all the applications on your Mac.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fn+Volume Up (F12)</td>\n<td>Displays Dashboard.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Common Mac application shortcut keystrokes","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>No matter what application you’re running on your Mac, you can usually speed up using an application by performing a Mac keyboard shortcut rather than use the mouse or trackpad to point to a menu and select a command. The following table lists the most common Mac keyboard shortcuts that can speed up working with 99.99999 percent of all Mac applications.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Keystroke</th>\n<th>Command</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+N</td>\n<td>Create a new file.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+O</td>\n<td>Open an existing file.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+S</td>\n<td>Save an active file.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+F</td>\n<td>Find text in an active file.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+A</td>\n<td>Select all items in a window.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+C</td>\n<td>Copy the selected item.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+X</td>\n<td>Cut the selected item.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+V</td>\n<td>Paste the most recently cut or copied item.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+P</td>\n<td>Print.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+Z</td>\n<td>Undo the last command.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+W</td>\n<td>Close the active window.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Esc</td>\n<td>Cancel dialogs and closes pull-down menus.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Command+Q</td>\n<td>Quit an application.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Mac shortcuts for international letters and symbols","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When writing, you may need to use a symbol or a letter with a diacritical mark, such as an accent (à) or a tilde (ñ). Holding down any of the letters in the following table opens a pop-up window with the variations of that letter and a number under each one. Type the number, and the variation appears in your document. For example, hold down A and then press 1 to type <strong>à</strong>. It works for uppercase letters as well.</p>\n<p>These variations appear when you use the U.S. English keyboard. If you add a keyboard for another language, you may see more or different variations. To add a keyboard, go to the Apple menu and choose System Preferences; then click the Keyboard icon. Click the Input Source tab and then click the add button (+) at the bottom left. Select the language you want, and then click the Add button. Select the Show Input Menu in Menu Bar check box. When you’re working in a document and want to switch to a different language, click the Input menu icon in the status bar and select the language you want to use.</p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Letter</th>\n<th>Variations</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>a</td>\n<td>à á â ä æ ã å �?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>c</td>\n<td>ç ć �?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>e</td>\n<td>è é ê ë ė ē ę î ï í î ì</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>i</td>\n<td>î ï í î ì</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>l</td>\n<td>ł</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>n</td>\n<td>ñ ń</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>o</td>\n<td>ô ö ò ó œ ø ō õ</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>s</td>\n<td>ß ś š</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>u</td>\n<td>û ü ù ú ū</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>y</td>\n<td>ÿ</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>z</td>\n<td>ž ź ż</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>Some common symbols are quickly accessed with the following key combinations:</p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Combination</th>\n<th>Result</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Option-2</td>\n<td>™</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Option-4</td>\n<td>¢</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Option-8</td>\n<td>•</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Option-r</td>\n<td>®</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Option-g</td>\n<td>©</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Option-Shift-<br />\n&#8211;</td>\n<td>—</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>To see all the key combinations, go to the Apple menu and choose System Preferences and then Keyboard. Click the Input Sources tab, and then select the Show Input Menu in Menu Bar check box. Close System Preferences. An icon for the Input Menu appears on the status bar at the top of your screen. Click the Input Menu icon and choose Show Keyboard Viewer. A graphic representation of the keyboard appears on your screen. Do one of the following three actions: Hold Shift, hold Option, or hold Shift+Option. The keyboard changes to show the letter or symbol that will be typed when you now hold Shift, Option, or Shift+Option and type a letter or number.</p>\n<p>There are five gold option keys. If you hold down the Option key, press one of the gold keys, release the Option key, and then press another letter, the accent associated with the gold key appears on the letter you typed. For example, press Option+E, and then type <strong>a</strong>. The result is á.</p>\n"},{"title":"Mac mouse and trackpad actions","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Using your Mac’s mouse or trackpad can be a real drag — in a good way! That’s because <i>drag</i> (as well as <i>click</i> and <i>Control-click</i>) describes how you use your Mac’s mouse and trackpad to do things with windows, icons, and other items on the screen. The following table lists Mac mouse and trackpad action terms and what they mean.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Action</th>\n<th>How to Do It</th>\n<th>Purpose</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Click</td>\n<td>Press the mouse button down and release. Press the trackpad bar<br />\nor the lower part of the trackpad if there is no trackpad bar. On a<br />\nMagic Mouse or Magic Trackpad, tap anywhere on the surface.</td>\n<td>Select an item or menu command.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Double-click</td>\n<td>Press the mouse or trackpad button down twice in rapid<br />\nsuccession. Tap twice on the surface of a Magic Mouse or Magic<br />\nTrackpad.</td>\n<td>Select and open an item. Also used in word processors to select<br />\nan entire word.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Triple-click</td>\n<td>Press the mouse or trackpad button down three times in rapid<br />\nsuccession. Tap three times on the surface of a Magic Mouse or<br />\nMagic Trackpad.</td>\n<td>Used in many word processors to select an entire<br />\nparagraph.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Click and drag</td>\n<td>Point to an item, hold down the mouse or trackpad button, and<br />\nmove the mouse or drag your finger across the trackpad, and then<br />\nrelease the mouse or trackpad button.</td>\n<td>To move an item from one location to another or draw a line in<br />\na graphics application. To select multiple items, click and drag<br />\naround them; selected items are highlighted.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Control-click (right-click, if your mouse has two or more<br />\nbuttons)</td>\n<td>Hold down the Control key, press the mouse or trackpad button,<br />\nand release. With a Magic Mouse or Magic Trackpad, hold down the<br />\nControl key and tap the surface.</td>\n<td>Point to an item and view a shortcut menu of commands for<br />\nmanipulating that item.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Scroll</td>\n<td>Roll the wheel or ball near the front and middle of the mouse.<br />\nOn a Magic Mouse, move one finger up and down or left and right on<br />\nthe surface. 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1,406 results
1,406 results
Linux Ubuntu Linux For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-25-2022

To get Ubuntu Linux up and running, get help provided in the Boot Prompt Function Keys section and take advantage of the straightforward, helpful commands.

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BeagleBone BeagleBone For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-14-2022

BeagleBone is an exciting tiny board that brings your electronics and software projects to life. Its affordability and ease of use make it popular among hardware enthusiasts and programmers. The following articles help you get started using this powerful board.

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PCs PCs For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-12-2022

Even though computers are supposed to make our lives easier, you may find it beneficial to print and complete some information about your personal computer (PC) on paper. You can use this as a reference for technical information, internet, and email information, or how all those wires and peripherals should be hooked up to your PC — even while the computer is off. You’ll also want to check out the following list of helpful PC hints.

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Windows 10 Windows 10 At Work For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-05-2022

Windows 10 comes jam-packed with features. Here are shortcuts and tips for using the keyboard, mouse, and Ribbon to get fast access to the most commonly used commands. You'll be commanding Windows 10 in no time!

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High Sierra macOS High Sierra For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-05-2022

Whether you've purchased a new Mac with macOS High Sierra preinstalled or you've upgraded from a previous version of macOS, you'll find that macOS High Sierra makes your Mac easier to use and offers myriad improvements to make you more productive. Get additional information on things you should never do to your Mac, a compendium of useful and timesaving keyboard shortcuts, a discussion of when folders are too full and when (and when not) to create subfolders, recommendations for backing up data, and a short discussion of iDevices and Continuity.

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Linux Linux All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 03-23-2022

Linux can fulfill almost any need you have for the operating system on a desktop computer, but you must be able to tell it what you want to do in a way that it understands. First, you have to get Linux installed. Then, you need to know about its important directories and common commands, how to work with file permissions, how to check network configuration and connectivity, and how to interact with the bash shell.

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Windows Windows Server 2019 & PowerShell All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 03-15-2022

PowerShell 5.1 is the current released version of Windows PowerShell and is the version that ships with Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server 2019. It is installed by default on these newer operating systems, but it’s also available for install on Windows Server 2008 R2 with Service Pack1, Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2012 R2. The last three operating systems must have Windows Management Framework 5.1 installed to support PowerShell 5.1.

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Raspberry Pi Raspberry Pi For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 03-14-2022

The Raspberry Pi is perhaps the most inspiring computer available today. It comes with the tools you need to start making your own software, and you can connect your own electronic inventions to it. These tips show you how to discover and install great free software on your Raspberry Pi and how to program in Scratch.

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Windows 10 Windows 10 All-In-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 03-14-2022

Adjusting to a new operating system, whether you're upgrading from an old version of Windows to Windows 10 or you've purchased a new machine running Windows 10, isn't an easy thing to do. In this cheat sheet, you'll find out what you should do right away, what you shouldn't do, and how to find the features you're used to. You also will find some tips for keeping your sanity while adjusting to your new operating system.

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General (Macs) Macs All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 02-28-2022

Macs come in all shapes and sizes, but you turn all of them on and off, and do things with the keyboard and mouse or trackpad the same way. This Cheat Sheet of timesaving keyboard shortcuts, mouse and trackpad actions, Mac-related websites, and definitions can help you get the most from your Mac right away.

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