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Listed are all of the major beer styles and their substyles.</p>\n<table width=\"570\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"><strong>Category</strong></td>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>Style</strong></td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"><strong>Sub-Style</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">1</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Standard American Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">1-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">American Light Lager</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">1-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">American Lager</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">1-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Cream Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">1-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">American Wheat Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">2</td>\n<td width=\"208\">International Lager</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">2-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">International Pale Lager</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">2-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">International Amber Lager</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">2-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">International Dark Lager</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">3</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Czech Lager</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">3-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Czech Pale Lager</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">3-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Czech Premium Pale Lager</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">3-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Czech Amber Lager</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">3-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Czech Dark Lager</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">4</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Pale Malty European Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">4-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Munich Helles</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">4-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Festbier</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">4-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Helles Bock</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">5</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Pale Bitter European Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">5-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">German Leichtbier</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">5-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Kolsch</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">5-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">German Helles Export</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">5-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">German Pils</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">6</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Amber Malty European Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">6-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Marzen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">6-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Rauchbier</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">6-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Dunkel Bock</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">7</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Amber Bitter European Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">7-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Vienna Lager</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">7-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Altbier</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">8</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Dark European Lager</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">8-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Munich Dunkel</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">8-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Schwarzbier</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">9</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Strong European Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">9-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Doppelbock</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">9-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Eisbock</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">9-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Baltic Porter</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">10</td>\n<td width=\"208\">German Wheat Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">10-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Weizenbier</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">10-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Dunkel Weizen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">10-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Weizenbock</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">11</td>\n<td width=\"208\">British Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">11-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Ordinary Bitter</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">11-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Best Bitter</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">11-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Strong Bitter</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">12</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Pale Commonwealth Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">12-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">British Golden Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">12-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Australian Sparkling Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">12-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">English IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">13</td>\n<td width=\"208\">British Brown Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">13-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Dark Mild</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">13-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">British Brown Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">13-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">English Porter</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">14</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Scottish Ale</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">14-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Scottish Light</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">14-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Scottish Heavy</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">14-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Scottish Export</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">15</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Irish Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">15-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Irish Red Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">15-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Irish Stout</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">15-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Irish Extra Stout</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">16</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Dark British Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">16-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Sweet Stout</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">16-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Oatmeal Stout</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">16-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Tropical Stout</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">16-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Foreign Extra Stout</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">17</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Strong British Ale</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">17-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">British Strong Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">17-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Old Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">17-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Wee Heavy</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">17-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">English Barleywine</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">18</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Pale American Ale</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">18-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Blonde Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">18-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">American Pale Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">19</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"268\">Amber and Brown American Beer</td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">19-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">American Amber Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">19-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">California Common</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">19-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">American Brown Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">20</td>\n<td width=\"208\">American Porter and Stout</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">20-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">American Porter</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">20-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">American Stout</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">20-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Imperial Stout</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">21</td>\n<td width=\"208\">India Pale Ale</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">21-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">American IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">21-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Specialty IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\">*Belgian IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\">*Black IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\">*Brown IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\">*Red IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\">*Rye IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\">*White IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\">*Brut IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">21-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Hazy IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">22</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Strong American Ale</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">22-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Double IPA</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">22-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">American Strong Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">22-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">American Barleywine</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">22-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Wheatwine</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">23</td>\n<td width=\"208\">European Sour Ale</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">23-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Berliner Weisse</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">23-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Flanders Red Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">23-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Oud Bruin</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">23-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Lambic</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">23-E</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Gueuze</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">23-F</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Fruit Lambic</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">23-G</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Gose</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">24</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Belgian Ale</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">24-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Witbier</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">24-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Belgian Pale Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">24-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Biere de Garde</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">25</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Strong Belgian Ale</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">25-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Belgian Blond Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">25-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Saison</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">25-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Belgian Golden Strong Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">26</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Monastic Ale</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">26-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Belgian Single</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">26-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Belgian Dubbel</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">26-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Belgian Tripel</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">26-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Belgian Dark Strong Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">27</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Historical Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">27</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Kellerbier</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">27</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Kentucky Common</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">27</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Lichtenhainer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">27</td>\n<td width=\"209\">London Brown Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">27</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Piwo Grodziskie</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">27</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Pre-Prohibition Lager</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">27</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Pre-Prohibition Porter</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">27</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Roggenbier</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">27</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Sahti</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">28</td>\n<td width=\"208\">American Wild Ale</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">28-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Brett Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">28-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Mixed-fermentation Sour Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">28-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Wild Specialty Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">29</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Fruit Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">29-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Fruit Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">29-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Fruit and Spice Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">29-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Specialty Fruit Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">29-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Grape Ale</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">30</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Spiced Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">30-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Spice, Herb or Vegetable Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">30-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Autumn Seasonal Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">30-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Winter Seasonal Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">30-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Specialty Spiced Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">31</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Alternative Fermentables Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">31-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Alternative Grain Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">31-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Alternative Sugar Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">32</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Smoked Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">32-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Classic Style Smoked Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">32-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Specialty Smoked Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">33</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Wood Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">33-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Wood-Aged Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">33-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Specialty Wood-Aged Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">34</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Specialty Beer</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">34-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Commercial Specialty Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">34-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Mixed Style Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">34-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Experimental Beer</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">C1</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Standard Cider and Perry</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">C1-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">New World Cider</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">C1-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">English Cider</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">C1-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">French Cider</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">C1-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">New World Perry</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">C1-E</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Traditional Perry</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">C2</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Specialty Cider and Perry</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">C2-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">New England Cider</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">C2-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Cider With Other Fruit</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">C2-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Apple Wine</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">C2-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Ice Cider</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">C2-E</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Cider With Herbs and Spices</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">C2-F</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Specialty Cider and Perry</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">M1</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Traditional Mead</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M1-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Dry Mead</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M1-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Semi-sweet Mead</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M1-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Sweet Mead</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">M2</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Fruit Mead</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M2-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Cyser</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M2-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Pyment</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M2-C</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Berry</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M2-D</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Stone Fruit</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M2-E</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Melomel</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">M3</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Spice Mead</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M3-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Fruit and Spice Mead</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M3-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Spice, Herb or Vegetable Mead</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\">M4</td>\n<td width=\"208\">Specialty Mead</td>\n<td width=\"60\"></td>\n<td width=\"209\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M4-A</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Braggot</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"93\"></td>\n<td width=\"208\"></td>\n<td width=\"60\">M4-B</td>\n<td width=\"209\">Historical Mead</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Homebrewing Abbreviation Slang","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Quite a few technical (and wordy) homebrewing terms exist, so to make it easier to read homebrewing recipes and directions, terms have been abbreviated. Here’s a handy guide for homebrewing abbreviations:</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\"><strong>Abbreviation</strong></td>\n<td width=\"312\"><strong>What It Stands For</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">AAU</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Alpha acid unit. A measurement of hop bittering potential.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">ABV</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Alcohol by volume. One of two methods of expressing alcohol content in beer. (See ABW.)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">BJCP</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Beer Judge Certification Program. National organization for official homebrew judges.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">DDH</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Double Dry Hopped; a beer that has been dry hopped twice.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">DME</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Dry malt extract. The spray-dried version of liquid malt extract.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">DMS</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Di-methyl sulfide. An off flavor and aroma reminiscent of cooked corn.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">ESB</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Extra special bitter. A medium-high gravity ale of British origin.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">FG</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Final gravity. The measurement of gravity taken at the end of fermentation that allows the brewer to compute the alcohol content of beer. (See OG.)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">FWH</td>\n<td width=\"312\">First wort hopping. The practice of introducing bittering hops to the beer during the sparging/lautering phase of the mashing procedure.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">HBU</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Homebrew bitterness unit. A unit of measurement used by homebrewers to denote the amount of bittering in beer.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">HSA</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Hot side aeration. The unintentional exposure of the still-warm wort to oxygen that can lead to problems in your brew, not the least of which is premature staling.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">IBU</td>\n<td width=\"312\">International bittering unit. An international unit of measurement used by professional brewers to denote the amount of bittering in beer.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">IPA / DIPA</td>\n<td width=\"312\">India pale ale. A highly hopped pale ale. Double IPA, a higher ABV version of IPA.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">OG</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Original gravity. The measurement of gravity taken at the beginning of fermentation that allows the brewer to compute alcohol content of beer. (See FG.)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">pH</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Percent hydrion (also potential hydrogen). A scale used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of a liquid.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">RIS</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Russian Imperial stout. High gravity stout brewed for the Russian Imperial Court.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">SRM</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Standard reference measure. A measurement of beer color.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">TSP</td>\n<td width=\"312\">Tri-sodium phosphate. An effective sudsless, powdered cleanser often used to clean brewery equipment.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Basic Conversions for Homebrewing","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>In case you need the metric equivalents of basic measurements, keep this simple conversions guide close by when you’re brewing your own beer at home:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Liquid Conversions</th>\n<th>Mass Conversions</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 teaspoon (tsp.) = 5 milliliters</td>\n<td>1 ounce (oz.) = 28 grams</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 tablespoon (Tbsp.) = 15 milliliters</td>\n<td>1 pound (lb.) = 0.45 kilogram</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 ounce (oz.) = 29.6 milliliters</td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 cup (c.) = 237 milliliters</td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Ingredients: The Building Blocks of Beer","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Here it is, folks: a veritable smorgasbord of ingredient info. This includes various kinds of malts and base, adjunct, and specialty grains, and an overview of the companies that produce them.</p>\n<p>Also listed are many different kinds of hops and what you need to know about them before you chuck them into your brewpot.</p>\n<p>Finally, you&#8217;ll find yeast strains produced by a few of the industry’s heavy hitters, complete with descriptions and attenuation information. Dig in!</p>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157777\"></a>Malt: Grainy names and extract excerpts</h3>\n<p>Here’s a glimpse at the world of cereal grains used in the realm of professional brewing and widely available at the homebrew level. First up is a list of grain producers whose products are commonly used by professional brewers but may also be found at the homebrewing level.</p>\n<p>Following that list is a type-specific list of grain. In this second list, I’ve included the various grain types, divided by their usage (base grain, specialty grain, adjunct grain) and other details such as their Lovibond ratings and whether they require mashing.</p>\n<p>Finally, you find a semi-comprehensive list of malt extract brands that produce a wide variety of beer kits for the extract homebrewer.</p>\n<p>You’ll notice here and elsewhere when shopping for brewing grains that many of the grain names are <em>branded</em>, meaning the malting companies market them by specific names. Also of note: Whenever you see a grain with the prefix <em>cara-</em>, it simply denotes a caramel malt (also known as crystal malt).</p>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157778\"></a>Producers of grains</h3>\n<p>The following list includes many of the top producers of grain for the brewing industry worldwide. These company names are widely known in the commercial brewing arena and are becoming more familiar and sought-after at the homebrewing level.</p>\n<p><strong>Briess:</strong> This Wisconsin-based maltster is one of the primary suppliers of brewer’s grain to the microbrewing industry, particularly in the Midwestern U.S. In addition to the wide range of malted grains that the company produces, Briess also markets a full line of liquid and dry malt extracts called CBW, or Concentrated Brewer’s Wort.</p>\n<p><strong>Crisp Malting:</strong> This English malthouse in County Norfolk, England, exports its distinctive Maris Otter brand of 2-row, pale, and crystal malts to North America. Maris Otter is a barley variety renowned by U.K. brewers.</p>\n<p><strong>Dingemans: </strong>The Dingemans family has produced an extensive range of basic ingredients for the demanding Belgian and European brewer since 1875. The result is an outstanding line of brewer’s and specialty malts used not only in Pilsen type beers but also in Trappist, Abbey, and White beers.</p>\n<p><strong>Durst:</strong> An authentic German malt producer located in the fatherland of beer, Durst began as a family-owned country brewery and malthouse 170 years ago. It sold its first malt exports in 1924 and has since expanded into an international supplier producing 157,000 U.S. tons of malt each year.</p>\n<p><strong>Gambrinus Malting:</strong> This small Canadian maltster produces some of the finest 2-row malt in the world. Gambrinus Malting also produces malts not made by other well-known maltsters, such as the almost-forgotten <em>bruhmalt,</em> a pale malt that imbues the beer with a honeyed aroma and flavor.</p>\n<p><strong>Great Western Malting:</strong> Many consider Great Western Malting’s 2-row pale malt to be the best in the U.S; many of the biggest microbrewers on the West Coast use this base grain.</p>\n<p><strong>Hugh Baird:</strong> Located in the U.K., the Hugh Baird Malting Company is one of the world’s best suppliers of specialty malts and authentic 2-row British Pale Ale malt.</p>\n<p><strong>Paul’s Malt: </strong>Paul’s Malt originated in the first half of the 19th century on the east coast of England, where its headquarters still reside today. Today, Paul’s Malt is a modern company and the U.K.’s largest maltster, producing in excess of 500,000 British tons of malt per year.</p>\n<p><strong>Rahr Malting: </strong>Rahr Malting Co. is a family owned company that has been in business since 1847. It produces and distributes malt and industry-related brewing supplies. Rahr’s malt production plants are located in Shakopee, Minnesota, and Alix, Alberta.</p>\n<p><strong>Schreier:</strong> This small maltster from Wisconsin is one of the small malting houses distributed by the American conglomerate Cargill.</p>\n<p><strong>Simpson’s: </strong>Established in 1866 by corn merchant James Parker Simpson, Simpson’s is still the largest totally independently family-owned malting company in the U.K. The company manufactures a wide range of quality malts, including specialty roasted malts, for the brewing, distilling, and food industries.</p>\n<p><strong>Weyermann:</strong> The 132-year-old malthouse housing Mich. Weyermann &amp; Co. KG Malzfabrik is a protected historic site. But behind the red-brick turn-of-the-century building in Bamberg, Germany, lies the modernized heart of the world’s leading manufacturer of specialty brewing malts. For over a century, Mich. Weyermann has been providing specialty malts to breweries large and small on virtually every continent of the world.</p>\n<p>The international conglomerate Con-Agra owns Canada Malting, Great Western Malting, Hugh Baird, and others, making it the world’s largest maltster. Similarly, the American malting conglomerate Cargill imports and distributes Paul’s Malt, Gambrinus, and Schreier.</p>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157779\"></a>Types of grains</h3>\n<p>This section provides you with details about a variety of base, specialty, and adjunct grains available to the homebrewer. Within these tables I’ve also listed Lovibond ratings and the need for mashing procedures -or not. These are by no means exhaustive listings — many more grains are available in the market. These are just meant to give you a “taste” of what’s out there.</p>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157780\"></a>Base grains</h3>\n<p><em>Base grains</em> denote all the malted grains (barley, wheat, rye, etc.) used to make beer. Brewers must mash all base grains order to create the wort that becomes beer through the magic of fermentation. Beginner and intermediate homebrewers can simply use malt extract to create their wort.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><strong><em>Grain Name/Type</em></strong></td>\n<td width=\"141\"><strong><em>Lovibond Rating</em></strong></td>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong><em>Needs to be Mashed?</em></strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">2-row (domestic)</td>\n<td width=\"141\">1.8</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">2-row lager</td>\n<td width=\"141\">1.4</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">6-row lager (domestic)</td>\n<td width=\"141\">1.8</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">Pale ale malt</td>\n<td width=\"141\">2</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">Mild ale malt</td>\n<td width=\"141\">3</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">Pilsner malt</td>\n<td width=\"141\">1.2</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">Dextrin malt</td>\n<td width=\"141\">1.5</td>\n<td width=\"147\">No</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">CaraVienne</td>\n<td width=\"141\">20</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes/no</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">CaraMunich</td>\n<td width=\"141\">55</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes/no</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">Vienna malt</td>\n<td width=\"141\">4</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">Light Munich</td>\n<td width=\"141\">10</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">Dark Munich</td>\n<td width=\"141\">20</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">Wheat malt</td>\n<td width=\"141\">2.5</td>\n<td width=\"147\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc188157781\"></a><strong>Specialty grains</strong></p>\n<p><em>Specialty grains</em> denote all the malted and unmalted grains (barley, wheat, rye, oats, etc.) you can add to the wort to give the finished beer a wide variety of colors and flavors that base grains don’t provide. Both <em>all-grain brewers </em>(those who mash their grains to create their wort) and <em>extract brewers</em> (those who create their wort from malt extract) can use specialty grains effectively.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><strong><em>Grain Name/Type</em></strong></td>\n<td width=\"124\"><strong><em>Lovibond Rating</em></strong></td>\n<td width=\"144\"><strong><em>Needs to be Mashed?</em></strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Wheat (unmalted)</td>\n<td width=\"124\">2.5</td>\n<td width=\"144\">No</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Crystal malts</td>\n<td width=\"124\">10–120</td>\n<td width=\"144\">No</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Special “B”</td>\n<td width=\"124\">221</td>\n<td width=\"144\">No</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Victory malt</td>\n<td width=\"124\">25</td>\n<td width=\"144\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Biscuit malt</td>\n<td width=\"124\">25</td>\n<td width=\"144\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Melanoidin malt</td>\n<td width=\"124\">28</td>\n<td width=\"144\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Special roast</td>\n<td width=\"124\">50</td>\n<td width=\"144\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Carafa Type 1</td>\n<td width=\"124\">335</td>\n<td width=\"144\">No</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Chocolate malt</td>\n<td width=\"124\">350</td>\n<td width=\"144\">No</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Black malt</td>\n<td width=\"124\">500</td>\n<td width=\"144\">No</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Roasted barley</td>\n<td width=\"124\">500</td>\n<td width=\"144\">No</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Rye malt</td>\n<td width=\"124\">4</td>\n<td width=\"144\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">Smoked malt</td>\n<td width=\"124\">30</td>\n<td width=\"144\">Yes/no</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc188157782\"></a><strong>Adjunct grains</strong></p>\n<p>The previous sections cover base grains, which are malted and must be mashed to make beer, and specialty grains which can be malted or unmalted and don’t require mashing to add color and flavor to beer. This section provides a list of <em>adjunct grains,</em> which can be malted or unmalted and can be used as either a base grain or specialty grain (and two of these “grains” are also available as syrups).</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\"><strong><em>Grain Name/Type</em></strong></td>\n<td width=\"124\"><strong><em>Lovibond Rating</em></strong></td>\n<td width=\"144\"><strong><em>Needs to be Mashed?</em></strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Rice</td>\n<td width=\"124\">0</td>\n<td width=\"144\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Corn/maize</td>\n<td width=\"124\">0</td>\n<td width=\"144\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Oats</td>\n<td width=\"124\">2.2</td>\n<td width=\"144\">Yes</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157783\"></a>Malt extract brands</h3>\n<p>Following is an alphabetical list of malt-extract brand names and their countries of origin. This list is simply to help beginners become familiar with brand names so that they can make informed choices on appropriate malts for their desired beer styles. In other words, if I intended to brew a Pale Ale, I wouldn’t choose an extract brand produced in Germany. Conversely, if I wanted to brew a lager, I wouldn’t choose a kit made in the U.K.</p>\n<p>A few American-made brands have come to dominate the American market, so some of these foreign brands are no longer available in the U.S. (but they can still be found in Europe and Australia).</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"102\"><strong>Brand Name</strong></td>\n<td width=\"121\"><strong>Country of Origin</strong></td>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong>Brand Name</strong></td>\n<td width=\"117\"><strong>Country of Origin</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"102\">Alexander’s</td>\n<td width=\"121\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"100\">John Bull</td>\n<td width=\"117\">U.K.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"102\">Black Rock</td>\n<td width=\"121\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"100\">Morgan’s</td>\n<td width=\"117\">Australia</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"102\">Brewferm</td>\n<td width=\"121\">Belgium</td>\n<td width=\"100\">Mountmellick</td>\n<td width=\"117\">Ireland</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"102\">Coopers</td>\n<td width=\"121\">Australia</td>\n<td width=\"100\">Munton’s</td>\n<td width=\"117\">U.K.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"102\">Edme</td>\n<td width=\"121\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"100\">Weyermann’s</td>\n<td width=\"117\">Germany</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"102\">Geordie</td>\n<td width=\"121\">Scotland</td>\n<td width=\"100\">Briess CBW</td>\n<td width=\"117\">U.S.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"102\">Ireks</td>\n<td width=\"121\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"100\"></td>\n<td width=\"117\"></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157784\"></a>Top Hops: Hop varieties and descriptions</h3>\n<p>The world of hops is a fairly big one — one that continues to grow every year. Because of this scope, the discussion of hop varieties can be a fairly confusing subject. This section, which you should use in conjunction with Chapter 5, is designed to help you make decisions about which hops you should use in your brews.</p>\n<p>You typically base your primary hop-choosing decision on the alpha-acid content of the hop variety — this characteristic tells you the <em>bittering</em> <em>potential</em> of the hop variety, or how much bitterness a particular variety may add to your beer. You make a secondary decision in regards to the hops’ aromatic potential (which isn’t measured by a numerical score) and its related flavor.</p>\n<p>In very general terms, you can say that:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>American hop varieties are piney and citrusy</li>\n<li>German and Eastern European hop varieties are spicy</li>\n<li>British hop varieties are herbal and earthy</li>\n<li>New Zealand hop varieties are tropical (as in tropical fruit)</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Hop varieties from around the world</h3>\n<p>The table below is an alphabetical list of most of the hop varieties currently in use in the brewing industry. They are listed by their variety name, their country of origin, their alpha acid content (expressed as a percentage) and how they are best used in the brewing process — as a bittering hop, as an aroma hop, or as dual-purpose (they can be used for either bittering or aromatizing).</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\"><strong>Hop Name</strong></td>\n<td width=\"160\"><strong>Country</strong></td>\n<td width=\"160\"><strong>Alpha Acid %</strong></td>\n<td width=\"160\"><strong>Usage</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Admiral</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">13.5–15.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Ahtanum</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.7–6.3</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Amarillo</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">8.0–11.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Aramis</td>\n<td width=\"160\">France</td>\n<td width=\"160\">7.9–8.3</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Aurora</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Slovenia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">7.0–8.3</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Bitter Gold</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–14.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Blanc</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">9.0–12.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Bobek</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Slovenia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.5–7.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Bramling Cross</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.0–7.8</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Bravo</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">15.0–18.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Brewers Gold</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.5–8.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Cascade</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.5–9.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Celeia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Slovenia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.0–6.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Centennial</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">9.5–11.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Challenger</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.5–8.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Chelan</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–14.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Chinook</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–14.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Citra</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">11.0–15.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Cluster</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.5–8.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Columbus</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">13.0–16.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Comet</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">8.0–10.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Crystal</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">2.0–4.4</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Dr. Rudi</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">10.0–12.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">East Kent Goldings</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">4.4–6.7</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Ekuanot</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">13.0–15.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Ella</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Australia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">13.3–16.3</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Falconer’s Flight</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">9.5–12.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">First Gold</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.6–8.7</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Fuggle</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.0–5.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Galaxy</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Australia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">13.6–16.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Galena</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–14.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Glacier</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.3–9.7</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Gold</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Slovenia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.5–6.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Green Bullet</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">13.0–15.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Hallertauer Mittelfruh</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.5–5.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Hallertauer Tradition</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.0–7.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Hallertauer Taurus</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–16.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">HBC 431</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">14.0–16.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">HBC 472</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">9.0–11.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">HBC 682</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">18.0–21.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Helga</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Australia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.4–7.3</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Herald</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">11.0–13.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Herkules</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–17.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Hersbrucker</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.0–5.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Horizon</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">10.2–16.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Huell Melon</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.9–7.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Kohatu</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.0–7.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Liberty</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.0–5.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Loral</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">11.3–12.2</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Lublin / Lubelski</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Poland</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.0–5.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Magnum</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–14.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Mandarina Bavaria</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">7.0–10.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Marynka</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Czech Republic</td>\n<td width=\"160\">9.0–12.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Merkur</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–14.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Millenium</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">15.5–18.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Mosaic</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">10.5–14.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Motueka</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.5–7.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Mount Hood</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.0–8.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Mount Rainier</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.0–7.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Nelson Sauvin</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–14.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Newport</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">13.5–17.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Northdown</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.8–9.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Northern Brewer</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">7.0–10.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Nugget</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">11.5–14.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Opal</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Australia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">13.0–14.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Orion</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.0–8.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Outeniqua</td>\n<td width=\"160\">South Africa</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–13.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Pacifica</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.0–6.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Pacific Gem</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">14.0–17.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Pacific Jade</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–14.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Pacific Sunrise</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.5–14.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Palisade</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.5–10.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Perle</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.0–7.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Phoenix</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–15.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Pilgrim</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">10.0–13.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Pioneer</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">8.0–10.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Polaris</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">18.0–23.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Premiant</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Czech Republic</td>\n<td width=\"160\">7.0–10.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Pride of Ringwood</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Australia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">9.0–12.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Progress</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.0–7.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Rakau</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">10.0–11.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Riwaka</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">4.5–6.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Saaz</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Czech Republic</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.0 -4.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Santiam</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.0–7.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Saphir</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">2.0–4.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Select</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.0–6.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Simcoe</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–14.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Smaragd</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">4.0–6.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Sorachi Ace</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">11.5–14.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Southern Brewer</td>\n<td width=\"160\">South Africa</td>\n<td width=\"160\">9.0–10.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Southern Cross</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–14.6</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Southern Promise</td>\n<td width=\"160\">South Africa</td>\n<td width=\"160\">9.5–11.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Southern Star</td>\n<td width=\"160\">South Africa</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–15.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Sovereign</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">4.5–6.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Spalter</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.5–5.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Status</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.5–14.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Sterling</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.0–9.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Sticklebract</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">13.0–14.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Strisselspalt</td>\n<td width=\"160\">France</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.0 -5.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Syrian Golding</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Slovenia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">4.5- 6.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Summer</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Australia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.6–6.4</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Summit</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">15.0–17.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Sun</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–16.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Super Alpha</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.5–15.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Super Pride</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Australia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">14.0–15.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Super Styrian (Aurora)</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Slovenia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">7.5–8.8</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Sussex</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">4.3–5.8</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Sylva</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Australia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.6–7.3</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Tahoma</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.0–7.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Target</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">9.5–12.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Tettnanger</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">3.5–5.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Tomahawk</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">15.0 -17.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Tradition</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Germany</td>\n<td width=\"160\">4.0–7.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Triplepearl</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">10.3- 11.2</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Triskel</td>\n<td width=\"160\">France</td>\n<td width=\"160\">8.0–9.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Ultra</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">2.0–3.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Vanguard</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">4.0–5.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Victoria</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Australia</td>\n<td width=\"160\">14.0–15.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Wai-iti</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">2.5–3.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Waimea</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">16.0–19.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Wakatu</td>\n<td width=\"160\">New Zealand</td>\n<td width=\"160\">6.5–8.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Warrior</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">15.0–17.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Whitbread Golding</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.4–7.7</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">WGV</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.K.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">5.4–7.7</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Willamette</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">4.0–6.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Dual</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Zeus</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">12.0–18.0</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Bittering</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"160\">Zythos</td>\n<td width=\"160\">U.S.</td>\n<td width=\"160\">10.0–12.5</td>\n<td width=\"160\">Aroma</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157785\"></a>Yeast: dry and liquid</h3>\n<p>This section lists most of the liquid-yeast strains available from three major liquid-yeast suppliers to the homebrewing industry; I’ve identified their products not only by the brand name but also by a beer-style-specific identifying code number. I’ve also included many other well-known freeze-dried-yeast suppliers. Note that these are not exhaustive lists; consult the websites of these suppliers for additional information.</p>\n<p>You also find a beer style table designed to help you choose an appropriate liquid-yeast strain to produce any beer style you have in mind. In this table, I identify the recommended yeast strains by their code numbers.</p>\n<p>Note that I also include a few mead and cider yeasts in some of these lists for your convenience.</p>\n<p>This section shows yeast selections from three major liquid yeast suppliers, but these are by no means all of your options. There are other smaller yeast suppliers out there for you to consider, including Fermentum, Imperial Organic Yeast, RVA Yeast Labs, Giga Yeast, and several others . . .</p>\n<p>Some liquid-yeast-culture suppliers list the rate of <em>attenuation</em> of the yeast. This rate refers to the percentage of sugar that you can expect a particular strain to eat during fermentation. (I’ve listed these rates of attenuation wherever the information was available.) What this rate of attenuation means to you as a brewer is that you can choose a yeast strain according to how dry or sweet you like your beers.</p>\n<p>This table gives you the most popular dry yeast brands arranged according to ale, lager, and Belgian beer styles:</p>\n<table width=\"433\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\"><strong>Dry Ale Yeast</strong></td>\n<td width=\"130\"><strong>Dry Lager Yeast</strong></td>\n<td width=\"151\"><strong>Dry Belgian Yeast</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Cooper’s</td>\n<td width=\"130\"><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\"> </span></td>\n<td width=\"151\">Brewferm Blanche</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Doric</td>\n<td width=\"130\"><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\"> </span></td>\n<td width=\"151\">Safbrew T-58</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Edme</td>\n<td width=\"130\">Brewferm Lager</td>\n<td width=\"151\"> SafAle BE-134 Belgian Saison Dry Yeast</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Lallemand Nottingham</td>\n<td width=\"130\">Lallemand Munich</td>\n<td width=\"151\">Mangrove Jack Belgian Wit M21</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Mangrove Jack’s</td>\n<td width=\"130\">Saflager S-189</td>\n<td width=\"151\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Munton’s</td>\n<td width=\"130\">Saflager S-23</td>\n<td width=\"151\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Safale S-04, US-05</td>\n<td width=\"130\"></td>\n<td width=\"151\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Safbrew S-33</td>\n<td width=\"130\"></td>\n<td width=\"151\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Whitbread</td>\n<td width=\"130\"></td>\n<td width=\"151\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Windsor</td>\n<td width=\"130\"></td>\n<td width=\"151\"></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\">Omega Lutra Kveik</td>\n<td width=\"130\"></td>\n<td width=\"151\"></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>You can use these dry yeasts for fermenting both Cider and Mead:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Epernay Cotes des Blanc</li>\n<li>Lalvin K1-V1116</li>\n<li>Lalvin 71B-1122</li>\n<li>Lalvin ICV-D47</li>\n<li>Red Star Montrachet</li>\n<li>Red Star Pasteur Champagne</li>\n<li>Red Star Premier Cuvee</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157786\"></a>Liquid top-fermenting yeast (ales)</h3>\n<p>The yeast culture descriptions in the table below were supplied by the yeast producer Wyeast Laboratories, https://wyeastlab.com/ (P.O. Box 146, Odell, OR 97044; 541-354-1335).</p>\n<p><strong>Liquid Ale Yeast from Wyeast Labs</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\"><strong>Name of Yeast</strong></td>\n<td width=\"130\"><strong>Product Code</strong></td>\n<td width=\"162\"><strong>Apparent Attenuation</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">German ale</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1007</td>\n<td width=\"162\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">London ale</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1028</td>\n<td width=\"162\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">American ale</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1056</td>\n<td width=\"162\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">Irish ale</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1084</td>\n<td width=\"162\">71 to 75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">British ale</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1098</td>\n<td width=\"162\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">American II</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1272</td>\n<td width=\"162\">72 to 76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">Thames Valley</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1275</td>\n<td width=\"162\">72 to 76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">British II</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1335</td>\n<td width=\"162\">73 to 76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">London III</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1318</td>\n<td width=\"162\">71 to 75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">Scottish</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1728</td>\n<td width=\"162\">69 to 73%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">European</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1338</td>\n<td width=\"162\">67 to 71%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">Bavarian Wheat</td>\n<td width=\"130\">3056</td>\n<td width=\"162\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">Whitbread ale</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1099</td>\n<td width=\"162\">68 to 72%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">Ringwood ale</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1187</td>\n<td width=\"162\">68 to 72%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"152\">Northwest ale</td>\n<td width=\"130\">1332</td>\n<td width=\"162\">67 to 71%</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157787\"></a>Liquid bottom-fermenting yeast (lagers)</h3>\n<p>The yeast culture descriptions in the following table were supplied by the yeast producer Wyeast Laboratories, https://wyeastlab.com/ (P.O. Box 146, Odell, OR 97044; 541-354-1335).</p>\n<p><strong>Liquid Lager Yeast from Wyeast Labs</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\"><strong>Name of Yeast</strong></td>\n<td width=\"118\"><strong><em>Product Code</em></strong></td>\n<td width=\"150\"><strong><em>Apparent Attenuation</em></strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">Pilsen</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2007</td>\n<td width=\"150\">71 to 75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">American</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2035</td>\n<td width=\"150\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">Danish</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2042</td>\n<td width=\"150\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">California</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2112</td>\n<td width=\"150\">67 to 71%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">Bohemian</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2124</td>\n<td width=\"150\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">Bavarian</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2206</td>\n<td width=\"150\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">Danish II</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2247</td>\n<td width=\"150\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">North American</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2272</td>\n<td width=\"150\">70 to 76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">Czech Pils</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2278</td>\n<td width=\"150\">70 to 74%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">Munich</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2308</td>\n<td width=\"150\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">Budvar</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2000</td>\n<td width=\"150\">71 to 75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"140\">Urquell</td>\n<td width=\"118\">2001</td>\n<td width=\"150\">72 to 76%</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157788\"></a>Advanced liquid yeast (ales)</h3>\n<p>The yeast culture descriptions in the table below were supplied by the yeast producer Wyeast Laboratories, https://wyeastlab.com/ (P.O. Box 146, Odell, OR 97044; 541-354-1335).</p>\n<p>The list describes yeast cultures Wyeast considers advanced because the production of these beer styles is generally more difficult or involved than those styles listed previously.</p>\n<p><strong>Advanced Liquid Ale Yeast from Wyeast Labs</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\"><strong>Name of Yeast</strong></td>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong>Product Code</strong></td>\n<td width=\"144\"><strong>Apparent Attenuation</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Belgian Abbey</td>\n<td width=\"100\">1214</td>\n<td width=\"144\">72 to 76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Belgian Strong ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">1388</td>\n<td width=\"144\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Belgian Abbey II</td>\n<td width=\"100\">1762</td>\n<td width=\"144\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Special London</td>\n<td width=\"100\">1968</td>\n<td width=\"144\">67 to 71%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Kolsch</td>\n<td width=\"100\">2565</td>\n<td width=\"144\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Weihenstephan Wheat</td>\n<td width=\"100\">3068</td>\n<td width=\"144\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Belgian Lambic Blend</td>\n<td width=\"100\">3278</td>\n<td width=\"144\">65 to 75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">German Wheat</td>\n<td width=\"100\">3333</td>\n<td width=\"144\">70 to 76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Belgian Trappist</td>\n<td width=\"100\">3787</td>\n<td width=\"144\">75 to 80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Belgian Wheat</td>\n<td width=\"100\">3942</td>\n<td width=\"144\">72 to 76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Belgian Witbier</td>\n<td width=\"100\">3944</td>\n<td width=\"144\">72 to 76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Forbidden Fruit</td>\n<td width=\"100\">3463</td>\n<td width=\"144\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Belgian Ardennes</td>\n<td width=\"100\">3522</td>\n<td width=\"144\">73 to 77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"158\">Belgian Saison</td>\n<td width=\"100\">3274</td>\n<td width=\"144\">76 to 80%</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157789\"></a>Liquid top-fermenting yeast (ales)</h3>\n<p>The yeast culture descriptions in the table below were supplied by the yeast producer White Labs, <a href=\"https://www.whitelabs.com/\">https://www.whitelabs.com/</a> (5564 Trade St., San Diego, CA 92121; 858-693-3441).</p>\n<p><strong>Liquid Ale Yeast from White Labs</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\"><strong>Name of Yeast</strong></td>\n<td width=\"96\"><strong><em>Product Code</em></strong></td>\n<td width=\"138\"><strong><em>Apparent Attenuation</em></strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">California ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP001</td>\n<td width=\"138\">73 to 80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">English ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP002</td>\n<td width=\"138\">63 to 70%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">Irish ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP004</td>\n<td width=\"138\">69 to 74%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">British ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP005</td>\n<td width=\"138\">67 to 74%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">Dry English ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP007</td>\n<td width=\"138\">70 to 80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">East Coast ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP008</td>\n<td width=\"138\">70 to 75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">European ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP011</td>\n<td width=\"138\">65 to 70%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">London ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP013</td>\n<td width=\"138\">67 to 75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">Burton ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP023</td>\n<td width=\"138\">69 to 75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">Edinburgh Scottish ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP028</td>\n<td width=\"138\">70 to 75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">German ale / Kolsch</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP029</td>\n<td width=\"138\">70 to 78%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">Pacific ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP041</td>\n<td width=\"138\">65 to 70%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">California ale V</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP051</td>\n<td width=\"138\">70 to 75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">American ale blend</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP060</td>\n<td width=\"138\">72 to 80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">Cream ale blend</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP080</td>\n<td width=\"138\">75 to 80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"138\">Super High Gravity Ale</td>\n<td width=\"96\">WLP099</td>\n<td width=\"138\">80+%</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157790\"></a>Specialty/Belgian yeast</h3>\n<p>The yeast culture descriptions in Table 11 were supplied by the yeast producer White Labs, <a href=\"https://www.whitelabs.com/\">https://www.whitelabs.com/</a> (5564 Trade St., San Diego, CA 92121; 858-693-3441).</p>\n<p><strong>Specialty Liquid Yeast from White Labs</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\"><strong>Name of Yeast</strong></td>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong>Product Code</strong></td>\n<td width=\"144\"><strong>Apparent Attenuation</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">Hefeweizen ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP300</td>\n<td width=\"144\">72–76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">American Hefeweizen ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP320</td>\n<td width=\"144\">70–75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">Hefeweizen IV</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP380</td>\n<td width=\"144\">73–80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">Belgian Wit</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP400</td>\n<td width=\"144\">74–78%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">Trappist ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP500</td>\n<td width=\"144\">75–80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">Abbey ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP530</td>\n<td width=\"144\">75–80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">Belgian ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP550</td>\n<td width=\"144\">78–85%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">Belgian Saison</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP565</td>\n<td width=\"144\">65–75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">Belgian Style Saison Ale Blend</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP568</td>\n<td width=\"144\">75–80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">Belgian Golden ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP-570</td>\n<td width=\"144\">73–78%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\">Belgian Style Ale Yeast Blend</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP575</td>\n<td width=\"144\">74–80%</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157791\"></a>Bottom-fermenting yeast (lagers)</h3>\n<p>The yeast culture descriptions in the following table were supplied by the yeast producer White Labs, <a href=\"https://www.whitelabs.com/\">https://www.whitelabs.com/</a> (5564 Trade St., San Diego, CA 92121; 858-693-3441).</p>\n<p><strong>Liquid Lager Yeast from White Labs</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"164\"><strong><em>Name of Yeast</em></strong></td>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong><em>Product Code</em></strong></td>\n<td width=\"144\"><strong><em>Apparent Attenuation</em></strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"164\">Pilsner lager</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP800</td>\n<td width=\"144\">72–77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"164\">Czech Budejovice Lager</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP802</td>\n<td width=\"144\">75–80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"164\">San Francisco lager</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP810</td>\n<td width=\"144\">65–70%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"164\">Oktoberfest/Marzen lager</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP820</td>\n<td width=\"144\">65–73%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"164\">German lager</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP830</td>\n<td width=\"144\">74–79%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"164\">German Bock lager</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP833</td>\n<td width=\"144\">70 -76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"164\">Southern German lager</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP838</td>\n<td width=\"144\">68 -76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"164\">American lager</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP840</td>\n<td width=\"144\">75–80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"164\">Mexican lager</td>\n<td width=\"100\">WLP940</td>\n<td width=\"144\">70–78%</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3>Liquid top-fermenting yeast (ales)</h3>\n<p>The yeast culture descriptions in the following table were supplied by the yeast producer Omega Yeast Labs, https://omegayeast.com/ (4720 W Pensacola Ave. Chicago, IL 60641, 773.657.3438)</p>\n<p><strong>Liquid Ale Yeast from Omega Yeast</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\"><strong>Name of Yeast</strong></td>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong>Product Code</strong></td>\n<td width=\"138\"><strong>Apparent Attenuation</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Bananza ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-400</td>\n<td width=\"138\">73–77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">British ale I</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-006</td>\n<td width=\"138\">70–80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">British ale V</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-011</td>\n<td width=\"138\">71–75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">British ale VIII</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-016</td>\n<td width=\"138\">76–71%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Cosmic Punch ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-402</td>\n<td width=\"138\">71–75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">DIPA ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-052</td>\n<td width=\"138\">72–80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Gulo ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-501</td>\n<td width=\"138\">85–90%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Hefeweizen ale I</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-021</td>\n<td width=\"138\">73–77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Irish ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-005</td>\n<td width=\"138\">69–75%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Kolsch II</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-044</td>\n<td width=\"138\">72–78%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Scottish ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-015</td>\n<td width=\"138\">73–76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Sundew ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-401</td>\n<td width=\"138\">72–85%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Tropical IPA</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-200</td>\n<td width=\"138\">82–90%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">West Coast ale</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-004</td>\n<td width=\"138\">73–80%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Belgian ale A</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-024</td>\n<td width=\"138\">72–85%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Belgian ale W</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-028</td>\n<td width=\"138\">74–78%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Belgian Saison II</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-042</td>\n<td width=\"138\">74–79%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">French Saison</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-026</td>\n<td width=\"138\">80–90%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Jovaru Lithuanian Farmhouse</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-033</td>\n<td width=\"138\">80–85%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Saisonstein</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-500</td>\n<td width=\"138\">80–90%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Wit</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-030</td>\n<td width=\"138\">72–76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Espe Kveik</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-090</td>\n<td width=\"138\">75–82%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Hornindal Kveik</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-091</td>\n<td width=\"138\">75–82%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Hothead Kveik</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-057</td>\n<td width=\"138\">75–82%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Lutra Kveik</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-071</td>\n<td width=\"138\">75–82%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Voss Kveik</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-061</td>\n<td width=\"138\">75–82%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">Dried Lutra Kveik</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-071DRY</td>\n<td width=\"138\">75–82%</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3>Bottom-fermenting yeast (lagers)</h3>\n<p>The yeast culture descriptions in the table below were supplied by the yeast producer Omega Yeast Labs, https://omegayeast.com/ (4720 W Pensacola Ave. Chicago, IL 60641, 773.657.3438)</p>\n<p><strong>Liquid Lager Yeast from Omega yeast</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"116\"><strong>Name of Yeast</strong></td>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong>Product Code</strong></td>\n<td width=\"138\"><strong>Apparent Attenuation</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"116\">Bayern lager</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-114</td>\n<td width=\"138\">72–76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"116\">German Bock</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-111</td>\n<td width=\"138\">70–76%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"116\">German lager I</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-106</td>\n<td width=\"138\">73–77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"116\">Mexican lager</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-113</td>\n<td width=\"138\">70–78%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"116\">Oktoberfest</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-107</td>\n<td width=\"138\">73–77%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"116\">Pilsner I</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-101</td>\n<td width=\"138\">72–76%</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3>Bretts, bacterias, and blends</h3>\n<p>The yeast culture descriptions in the table below were supplied by the yeast producer Omega Yeast Labs, https://omegayeast.com/ (4720 W Pensacola Ave. Chicago, IL 60641, 773.657.3438)</p>\n<p><strong>Liquid Wild Yeast and Bacteria from Omega Yeast</strong></p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\"><strong>Name of Yeast</strong></td>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong>Product Code</strong></td>\n<td width=\"138\"><strong>Apparent Attenuation</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\">All the Bretts</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-218</td>\n<td width=\"138\">85+%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\">Brett Clausenii</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-201</td>\n<td width=\"138\">85+%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\">Brett Blend #1 Where da Funk?</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-210</td>\n<td width=\"138\">78–88%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\">Brett Blend #2 Bit o’ Funk</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-211</td>\n<td width=\"138\">85+%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\">Brett Blend #3 Bring on da Funk</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-212</td>\n<td width=\"138\">85%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\">C2C American Farmhouse</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-217</td>\n<td width=\"138\">70–85%</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\">Lacto</td>\n<td width=\"100\">OYL-605</td>\n<td width=\"138\">n/a</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157792\"></a>Suggested strains for specific beer styles</h3>\n<p>The following tables give you popular beer styles and the Wyeast, White Labs, and Omega Yeast code numbers for the yeasts appropriate to each style.</p>\n<p><strong>Ales</strong></p>\n<table width=\"549\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\"><strong>Beer Style</strong></td>\n<td width=\"119\"><strong>Wyeast Code Numbers</strong></td>\n<td width=\"114\"><strong>White Labs Code Numbers</strong></td>\n<td width=\"133\"><strong>OmegaYeast Code Numbers</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">English-style Pale Ale/Bitters</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1028, 1968, 1099</td>\n<td width=\"114\">002, 005, 013</td>\n<td width=\"133\">006, 016</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">American-style Pale Ale</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1056, 1028, 1338</td>\n<td width=\"114\">001, 008, 041</td>\n<td width=\"133\">004, 052, 501,</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">Brown Ale/Mild</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1028, 1338, 1984</td>\n<td width=\"114\">002, 005, 007</td>\n<td width=\"133\">006, 011, 016</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">Scottish Ale</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1728, 1056, 1084</td>\n<td width=\"114\">023, 028</td>\n<td width=\"133\">015, 016</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">Scottish Strong (Scotch) Ale</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1728, 1056, 1187</td>\n<td width=\"114\">002, 028</td>\n<td width=\"133\">005, 015</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">English Strong Ale</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1968, 1028, 1098</td>\n<td width=\"114\">002, 005, 028</td>\n<td width=\"133\">005, 015</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">Porter</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1084, 1028, 1056</td>\n<td width=\"114\">002, 005, 013</td>\n<td width=\"133\">005, 016</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">Dry Stout</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1084, 1007, 1028</td>\n<td width=\"114\">004, 005, 007</td>\n<td width=\"133\">005, 006</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">Sweet Stout</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1968, 1338, 1056</td>\n<td width=\"114\">004, 013, 028</td>\n<td width=\"133\">006, 016</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">Imperial Stout</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1084, 1056, 1728</td>\n<td width=\"114\">004, 013, 099</td>\n<td width=\"133\">016, 052</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">Barley Wine</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1728, 1084, 1056</td>\n<td width=\"114\">013, 099</td>\n<td width=\"133\">016, 052</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">Altbier</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1007, 1338, 1056</td>\n<td width=\"114\">029, 080, 820</td>\n<td width=\"133\">005, 044</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">Kölschbier</td>\n<td width=\"119\">2565, 1007, 1338</td>\n<td width=\"114\">029, 080</td>\n<td width=\"133\">017, 044</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"183\">Belgian Ale (Dubbel, Tripel, Abbey)</td>\n<td width=\"119\">1214, 3944, 3522</td>\n<td width=\"114\">530, 550, 575</td>\n<td width=\"133\">024, 028</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p><strong>Lagers</strong></p>\n<table width=\"549\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\"><strong>Beer Style</strong></td>\n<td width=\"116\"><strong>Wyeast Code Numbers</strong></td>\n<td width=\"114\"><strong>White Labs Code Numbers</strong></td>\n<td width=\"115\"><strong>Omega Yeast Code Numbers</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Bohemian-style Pilsener</td>\n<td width=\"116\">2000, 2007, 2001</td>\n<td width=\"114\">800, 802</td>\n<td width=\"115\">101, 107</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">German-style Pilsener</td>\n<td width=\"116\">2007, 2000, 2001</td>\n<td width=\"114\">800, 802, 830</td>\n<td width=\"115\">101, 106</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">American-style Pilsener</td>\n<td width=\"116\">2035, 2007, 2278</td>\n<td width=\"114\">810, 840, 940</td>\n<td width=\"115\">106, 113</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Münchner-style Helles (Pale Lager)</td>\n<td width=\"116\">2308, 2206, 2124</td>\n<td width=\"114\">820, 830, 838</td>\n<td width=\"115\">111, 114</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Dortmunder/European-style Export</td>\n<td width=\"116\">2206, 2308, 2035</td>\n<td width=\"114\">820, 830, 838</td>\n<td width=\"115\">107, 114</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Märzen/Oktoberfest/Vienna</td>\n<td width=\"116\">2206, 2278, 2308</td>\n<td width=\"114\">820, 833, 838</td>\n<td width=\"115\">107, 111, 114</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Munich Dunkel (Dark Lager)</td>\n<td width=\"116\">2206, 2308, 2035</td>\n<td width=\"114\">820, 830, 838</td>\n<td width=\"115\">111, 114</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Bock/Doppelbock</td>\n<td width=\"116\">2124, 2278, 2007</td>\n<td width=\"114\">820, 833, 838</td>\n<td width=\"115\">107, 114</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">California Common (Steam Beer)</td>\n<td width=\"116\">2112, 1332</td>\n<td width=\"114\">001, 051, 810</td>\n<td width=\"115\">106, 114</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p><strong>Wheat Beers</strong></p>\n<table width=\"556\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"169\"><strong>Beer Style</strong></td>\n<td width=\"127\"><strong>Wyeast Code Numbers</strong></td>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>White Labs Code Numbers</strong></td>\n<td width=\"128\"><strong>Omega Yeast Code Numbers</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"169\">American Wheat</td>\n<td width=\"127\">1007, 1056</td>\n<td width=\"132\">320, 380</td>\n<td width=\"128\">052, 401</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"169\">Bavarian Weizenbier</td>\n<td width=\"127\">3068, 3056</td>\n<td width=\"132\">300, 380, 550</td>\n<td width=\"128\">021, 024</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"169\">Belgian Witbier</td>\n<td width=\"127\">3944, 3463</td>\n<td width=\"132\">400, 550</td>\n<td width=\"128\">024, 030</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3><a name=\"_Toc188157793\"></a>Mead and cider yeast</h3>\n<p>All the following yeast culture descriptions were supplied by the yeast producer.</p>\n<p><strong>Wyeast #4766 Cider:</strong> Crisp and dry fermenting yeast with big, fruity finish. Creates a nice balance for all types of apples, pears, and other fruits. Allows fruit character to dominate the profile.</p>\n<p><strong>Wyeast #4184 Sweet Mead:</strong> Leaves 2 to 3 percent residual sugar in most Meads. Rich, fruity profile complements fruit Mead fermentation. Use additional nutrients for Mead making.</p>\n<p><strong>White Labs WLP715 Champagne Yeast:</strong> Classic yeast, used to produce champagne, Cider, dry Meads, dry wines, or to fully attenuate Barley Wines/strong Ales. Neutral.</p>\n<p><strong>White Labs</strong> <strong>WLP720 Sweet Mead/Wine Yeast:</strong> A wine yeast strain that’s less attenuate than WLP715, leaving some residual sweetness. Slightly fruity and will tolerate alcohol concentrations up to 15 percent. A good choice for sweet mead and cider, as well as blush wines, Gewürztraminer, Sauternes, and Riesling.</p>\n<p><strong>White Labs WLP775 English Cider Yeast:</strong> Classic cider yeast. Ferments dry, but retains fruit flavor. Produces sulfur during fermentation, but this will disappear in first two weeks of aging. Can also be used for wine and high-gravity beers.</p>\n<p><strong>White Labs WLP773 Scottish Cider Yeast Blend:</strong> This is a blend of two ale strains and one wine strain. Unlike a lot of ale strains that typically dry out most ciders, this unique blend of <em>Saccharomyces</em> strains will leave some residual sweetness for a smooth mouthfeel. This strain is perfect for those looking for a still cider with some lingering apple characteristic or a dryer sparkling cider.</p>\n<p><strong>Fermentis SafCider AS-2:</strong> This is a good cider yeast for a fresh aromatic profile (apple, citrus) with nice elaborated fruit notes (applesauce) bringing a good overall complexity. For sweet and dry ciders, even under difficult fermentation conditions. Ideal for producing ciders with nice cooked fruit notes and a sweet and round mouthfeel.</p>\n<p><strong>Fermentis SafCider AC-4:</strong> This is the best cider yeast for an intensely fresh aromatic profile (apple, floral) with a crisp mouthfeel enhancing cider structure. Fast fermenter that maintains acidity. Ideal for producing intensely fresh aromatic ciders (apple, floral) with a crisp mouthfeel.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-01-14T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":209283},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T18:19:13+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-07-26T15:24:40+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:19:48+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Beverages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33840"},"slug":"beverages","categoryId":33840},{"name":"Beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"},"slug":"beer","categoryId":33843}],"title":"Pairing Beer with Food","strippedTitle":"pairing beer with food","slug":"pairing-beer-with-food","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn how you can choose a certain type of beer, such as an ale, lager, or stout, to pair nicely with certain types of foods.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Although vintage wines and aged spirits can boast of a long companionship with haute cuisine, beer — until recently in some places — is often relegated to the backyard barbecue. But that’s wrong. Beer is only for thirst quenching as much as computers are only for number crunching and sports are only for boys. Get with it, folks; beer is for dining, too!\r\n\r\nAlthough it may have taken restaurateurs, gourmands, and culinary artistes forever to catch on to the concept of beer and food pairings, now that they have, it’s a hot ticket. And why not? Beer is considered the world’s most popular beverage, with craft beer increasing in popularity every day.\r\n\r\nAfter far too many years, the outlook for beer drinkers is rosé, or... rosy. Thanks to the enthusiasm of brewers, restaurateurs, and consumers of flavorful craft-brews, beer has reclaimed its rightful place on our dinner tables.\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Good craft-brewed beer can be much more interesting than wine. It’s cool and refreshing and, depending on the style, can be much richer, more complex, and more flavorful than wine. Plus, if you have an average person’s budget and capacity, you’ll find that tasting several different beers during a meal is preferable to tasting several different wines.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Guessing at general guidelines</h2>\r\nWithin the sometimes intimidating world of wine and food, even the neophytes can lean on the old <i>red meat–red wine</i> axiom in a pinch. But beer drinkers have no such axiomatic, general guideline to fall back on, because none exists. And few people have a good enough grasp on the various beer styles and flavor profiles to easily make choices.\r\n\r\nActually, you’ll find it hard to go wrong when matching beer and food. What’s fun is trying to do better than not going wrong.\r\n\r\nEvery kind of food, conceivably, has an appropriate beer to accompany it. The beauty of beer is in its versatility. You can usually find a beer style that’s a natural match for a given food. Beer even works better than wine with some dishes, such as especially spicy or sour ones. And slightly acidic beers are great foils for rich foods.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Substituting beer for wine</h2>\r\nThe lager beer category is the white wine equivalent. When compared with ales, lagers have the following characteristics:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Generally lighter in body and color</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Narrower flavor profile and a high degree of drinkability (that is, tend to appeal to a wider audience)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nThe ale category is the red wine equivalent. When compared with lagers, ales have these qualities:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Typically darker</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Rounder, more robust and expressive</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Wider flavor profile and, thus, a lower drinkability (that is, tend to appeal to those with a more experienced beer palate)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Just to keep you on your toes, keep in mind that these guidelines are really general — dark and full-bodied lagers exist just as surely as do light and mild ales.</p>\r\nNext time you’re about to go grape out of habit, consider a brew instead. This table offers a few good ideas.\r\n<table><caption>Beer Substitutions for Wine</caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Wine</th>\r\n<th>Suggested Beer Substitute</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Dry white wine</td>\r\n<td>Blonde Ale, Kölsch, or German Pils</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Dry red wine</td>\r\n<td>Fruit Lambic or Flanders Red Beer</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Champagne</td>\r\n<td>Light and spritzy Witbier, Lambic, or Berliner Weisse</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Brandy</td>\r\n<td>Spirituous Barleywine or Old Ale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Port wine</td>\r\n<td>Intensely flavored Russian Imperial Stout</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Keep in mind that these suggested substitutions aren’t trading taste for taste but style for style. In other words, don’t expect the Imperial Stout to taste like a port wine; it’s simply serving the same enjoyable purpose as a rich and spirited after-dinner libation.</p>","description":"Although vintage wines and aged spirits can boast of a long companionship with haute cuisine, beer — until recently in some places — is often relegated to the backyard barbecue. But that’s wrong. Beer is only for thirst quenching as much as computers are only for number crunching and sports are only for boys. Get with it, folks; beer is for dining, too!\r\n\r\nAlthough it may have taken restaurateurs, gourmands, and culinary artistes forever to catch on to the concept of beer and food pairings, now that they have, it’s a hot ticket. And why not? Beer is considered the world’s most popular beverage, with craft beer increasing in popularity every day.\r\n\r\nAfter far too many years, the outlook for beer drinkers is rosé, or... rosy. Thanks to the enthusiasm of brewers, restaurateurs, and consumers of flavorful craft-brews, beer has reclaimed its rightful place on our dinner tables.\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Good craft-brewed beer can be much more interesting than wine. It’s cool and refreshing and, depending on the style, can be much richer, more complex, and more flavorful than wine. Plus, if you have an average person’s budget and capacity, you’ll find that tasting several different beers during a meal is preferable to tasting several different wines.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Guessing at general guidelines</h2>\r\nWithin the sometimes intimidating world of wine and food, even the neophytes can lean on the old <i>red meat–red wine</i> axiom in a pinch. But beer drinkers have no such axiomatic, general guideline to fall back on, because none exists. And few people have a good enough grasp on the various beer styles and flavor profiles to easily make choices.\r\n\r\nActually, you’ll find it hard to go wrong when matching beer and food. What’s fun is trying to do better than not going wrong.\r\n\r\nEvery kind of food, conceivably, has an appropriate beer to accompany it. The beauty of beer is in its versatility. You can usually find a beer style that’s a natural match for a given food. Beer even works better than wine with some dishes, such as especially spicy or sour ones. And slightly acidic beers are great foils for rich foods.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Substituting beer for wine</h2>\r\nThe lager beer category is the white wine equivalent. When compared with ales, lagers have the following characteristics:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Generally lighter in body and color</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Narrower flavor profile and a high degree of drinkability (that is, tend to appeal to a wider audience)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nThe ale category is the red wine equivalent. When compared with lagers, ales have these qualities:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Typically darker</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Rounder, more robust and expressive</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Wider flavor profile and, thus, a lower drinkability (that is, tend to appeal to those with a more experienced beer palate)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Just to keep you on your toes, keep in mind that these guidelines are really general — dark and full-bodied lagers exist just as surely as do light and mild ales.</p>\r\nNext time you’re about to go grape out of habit, consider a brew instead. This table offers a few good ideas.\r\n<table><caption>Beer Substitutions for Wine</caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Wine</th>\r\n<th>Suggested Beer Substitute</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Dry white wine</td>\r\n<td>Blonde Ale, Kölsch, or German Pils</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Dry red wine</td>\r\n<td>Fruit Lambic or Flanders Red Beer</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Champagne</td>\r\n<td>Light and spritzy Witbier, Lambic, or Berliner Weisse</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Brandy</td>\r\n<td>Spirituous Barleywine or Old Ale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Port wine</td>\r\n<td>Intensely flavored Russian Imperial Stout</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Keep in mind that these suggested substitutions aren’t trading taste for taste but style for style. In other words, don’t expect the Imperial Stout to taste like a port wine; it’s simply serving the same enjoyable purpose as a rich and spirited after-dinner libation.</p>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. Few people have the same level of expertise and experience in the field.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}},{"authorId":10007,"name":"Steve Ettlinger","slug":"steve-ettlinger","description":" <b>Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b>Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p>","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10007"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33843,"title":"Beer","slug":"beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"Guessing at general guidelines","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Substituting beer for wine","target":"#tab2"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":208452,"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208452"}},{"articleId":183852,"title":"Serving Beer Properly","slug":"serving-beer-properly","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183852"}},{"articleId":183851,"title":"Unusual Beer Styles and Great Beer Brands to Try at Least Once","slug":"unusual-beer-styles-and-great-beer-brands-to-try-at-least-once","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183851"}},{"articleId":183823,"title":"A Few Useful Beer Descriptors","slug":"a-few-useful-beer-descriptors","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183823"}},{"articleId":183805,"title":"Tasting and Evaluating Beer Wisely","slug":"tasting-and-evaluating-beer-wisely","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183805"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209283,"title":"Homebrewing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"homebrewing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209283"}},{"articleId":208452,"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208452"}},{"articleId":201189,"title":"Homebrewing Problem: No Fermentation","slug":"homebrewing-problem-no-fermentation","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201189"}},{"articleId":198918,"title":"Understanding Malting and Mashing Barley for Homebrewing","slug":"understanding-malting-and-mashing-barley-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198918"}},{"articleId":198797,"title":"What's the Time Commitment for Beginner Homebrewers?","slug":"whats-the-time-commitment-for-beginner-homebrewers","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198797"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281989,"slug":"beer-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9781118120309","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1118120302-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/beer-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9781118120309-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Beer For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"<b data-author-id=\"10006\">Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b data-author-id=\"10007\">Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. Few people have the same level of expertise and experience in the field.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}},{"authorId":10007,"name":"Steve Ettlinger","slug":"steve-ettlinger","description":" <b>Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b>Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. 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Check out some truly unique beers you have to try.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Most beer drinkers tend to drink just a couple different beer styles without straying too far off the beaten path. But to fully understand and appreciate the wider spectrum of beer styles, here are a few types of beers that every beer drinker should taste at least once:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Belgian Fruit Lambic: </strong>Well-aged ale with surprising, effusive fruit aroma and taste; intoxicating fragrance</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Doppelbock: </strong>Strong, dark, and caramel-like Bock Beer with two times the flavor and body of Bock (doppel your pleasure, doppel your fun)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Imperial Stout: </strong>Dark, rich, and creamy Stout with complex grain flavors; a brew to chew</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Rauchbier: </strong>Oktoberfest beer made with a portion of beechwood-smoked malt; delicious and unique but takes somewhat of an acquired taste (great with smoked cheese or sausage)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Witbier: </strong>Perfumy Belgian Wheat Beer made with orange rind and coriander seed; like nothing else in the beer world</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nCertain brands of beer have become synonymous with distinctly different flavor profiles. The following short list includes some of the more famous brands along with a couple others that are still cultivating a following. True beer lovers should taste all of them at least once.\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Guinness Stout</strong> <strong>(Ireland):</strong> Dark, dry, smooth, and roasty, with a creamy head; the perfect sipping pint</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Pilsner Urquell</strong> <strong>(Czech Republic):</strong> Crisp and hoppy with a touch of malty sweetness; the original, classic Pilsner beer</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Rodenbach Grand Cru</strong> <strong>(Belgium):</strong> Sharply sour but refreshing, with fresh fruity notes; beer masquerading as Burgundy wine</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Samichlaus</strong> <strong>(Austria):</strong> Incredibly malty-rich and spirited; a terrific tipple for the Christmas holidays</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Samuel Adams Utopias</strong> <strong>(United States):</strong> Throat-warming malt complexity with hints of oak, like no beer you’ve ever had; that’s why you sip it like a brandy</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","description":"Most beer drinkers tend to drink just a couple different beer styles without straying too far off the beaten path. But to fully understand and appreciate the wider spectrum of beer styles, here are a few types of beers that every beer drinker should taste at least once:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Belgian Fruit Lambic: </strong>Well-aged ale with surprising, effusive fruit aroma and taste; intoxicating fragrance</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Doppelbock: </strong>Strong, dark, and caramel-like Bock Beer with two times the flavor and body of Bock (doppel your pleasure, doppel your fun)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Imperial Stout: </strong>Dark, rich, and creamy Stout with complex grain flavors; a brew to chew</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Rauchbier: </strong>Oktoberfest beer made with a portion of beechwood-smoked malt; delicious and unique but takes somewhat of an acquired taste (great with smoked cheese or sausage)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Witbier: </strong>Perfumy Belgian Wheat Beer made with orange rind and coriander seed; like nothing else in the beer world</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nCertain brands of beer have become synonymous with distinctly different flavor profiles. The following short list includes some of the more famous brands along with a couple others that are still cultivating a following. True beer lovers should taste all of them at least once.\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Guinness Stout</strong> <strong>(Ireland):</strong> Dark, dry, smooth, and roasty, with a creamy head; the perfect sipping pint</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Pilsner Urquell</strong> <strong>(Czech Republic):</strong> Crisp and hoppy with a touch of malty sweetness; the original, classic Pilsner beer</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Rodenbach Grand Cru</strong> <strong>(Belgium):</strong> Sharply sour but refreshing, with fresh fruity notes; beer masquerading as Burgundy wine</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Samichlaus</strong> <strong>(Austria):</strong> Incredibly malty-rich and spirited; a terrific tipple for the Christmas holidays</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Samuel Adams Utopias</strong> <strong>(United States):</strong> Throat-warming malt complexity with hints of oak, like no beer you’ve ever had; that’s why you sip it like a brandy</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. Few people have the same level of expertise and experience in the field.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}},{"authorId":10007,"name":"Steve Ettlinger","slug":"steve-ettlinger","description":" <b>Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b>Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p>","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10007"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33843,"title":"Beer","slug":"beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":208452,"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208452"}},{"articleId":183852,"title":"Serving Beer Properly","slug":"serving-beer-properly","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183852"}},{"articleId":183823,"title":"A Few Useful Beer Descriptors","slug":"a-few-useful-beer-descriptors","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183823"}},{"articleId":183805,"title":"Tasting and Evaluating Beer Wisely","slug":"tasting-and-evaluating-beer-wisely","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183805"}},{"articleId":183806,"title":"Buying the Freshest Beer","slug":"buying-the-freshest-beer","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183806"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209283,"title":"Homebrewing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"homebrewing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209283"}},{"articleId":208452,"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208452"}},{"articleId":201189,"title":"Homebrewing Problem: No Fermentation","slug":"homebrewing-problem-no-fermentation","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201189"}},{"articleId":198918,"title":"Understanding Malting and Mashing Barley for Homebrewing","slug":"understanding-malting-and-mashing-barley-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198918"}},{"articleId":198797,"title":"What's the Time Commitment for Beginner Homebrewers?","slug":"whats-the-time-commitment-for-beginner-homebrewers","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198797"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281989,"slug":"beer-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9781118120309","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1118120302-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/beer-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9781118120309-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Beer For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"<b data-author-id=\"10006\">Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b data-author-id=\"10007\">Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. Few people have the same level of expertise and experience in the field.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}},{"authorId":10007,"name":"Steve Ettlinger","slug":"steve-ettlinger","description":" <b>Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b>Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p>","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10007"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[{"title":"Be a Rad Dad","slug":"be-the-best-dad","collectionId":293237}],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;beverages&quot;,&quot;beer&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118120309&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b3ec80cf\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;beverages&quot;,&quot;beer&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118120309&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b3ec8afb\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-05-04T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":183851},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:52:53+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-02-17T16:41:08+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:19:08+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Beverages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33840"},"slug":"beverages","categoryId":33840},{"name":"Beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"},"slug":"beer","categoryId":33843}],"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"beer for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Can't tell an IPA from a stout? You've come to the right place. Get some pointers on buying, tasting, describing, and dining with beer.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Quality beer is widely available and relatively inexpensive, but choosing among all the various styles can be a little confusing without some help. A little beer knowledge can turn a daunting experience into an enjoyable one. Start with a list of handy beer descriptors, along with some great beer styles and brands to try. Then check out some pointers for buying, serving, tasting, evaluating, and dining with beer.","description":"Quality beer is widely available and relatively inexpensive, but choosing among all the various styles can be a little confusing without some help. A little beer knowledge can turn a daunting experience into an enjoyable one. Start with a list of handy beer descriptors, along with some great beer styles and brands to try. Then check out some pointers for buying, serving, tasting, evaluating, and dining with beer.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. Few people have the same level of expertise and experience in the field.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}},{"authorId":10007,"name":"Steve Ettlinger","slug":"steve-ettlinger","description":" <b>Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b>Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p>","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10007"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33843,"title":"Beer","slug":"beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":183852,"title":"Serving Beer Properly","slug":"serving-beer-properly","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183852"}},{"articleId":183851,"title":"Unusual Beer Styles and Great Beer Brands to Try at Least Once","slug":"unusual-beer-styles-and-great-beer-brands-to-try-at-least-once","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183851"}},{"articleId":183823,"title":"A Few Useful Beer Descriptors","slug":"a-few-useful-beer-descriptors","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183823"}},{"articleId":183805,"title":"Tasting and Evaluating Beer Wisely","slug":"tasting-and-evaluating-beer-wisely","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183805"}},{"articleId":183806,"title":"Buying the Freshest Beer","slug":"buying-the-freshest-beer","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183806"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209283,"title":"Homebrewing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"homebrewing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209283"}},{"articleId":201189,"title":"Homebrewing Problem: No Fermentation","slug":"homebrewing-problem-no-fermentation","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201189"}},{"articleId":198918,"title":"Understanding Malting and Mashing Barley for Homebrewing","slug":"understanding-malting-and-mashing-barley-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198918"}},{"articleId":198797,"title":"What's the Time Commitment for Beginner Homebrewers?","slug":"whats-the-time-commitment-for-beginner-homebrewers","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198797"}},{"articleId":194327,"title":"Beer Style Guidelines Hierarchy","slug":"beer-style-guidelines-hierarchy","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194327"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281989,"slug":"beer-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9781118120309","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1118120302-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/beer-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9781118120309-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Beer For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"<b data-author-id=\"10006\">Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b data-author-id=\"10007\">Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. Few people have the same level of expertise and experience in the field.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}},{"authorId":10007,"name":"Steve Ettlinger","slug":"steve-ettlinger","description":" <b>Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b>Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p>","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10007"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;beverages&quot;,&quot;beer&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118120309&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b1cdb1fc\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;beverages&quot;,&quot;beer&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118120309&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221b1cdba85\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":183823,"title":"A Few Useful Beer Descriptors","slug":"a-few-useful-beer-descriptors","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183823"}},{"articleId":183851,"title":"Unusual Beer Styles and Great Beer Brands to Try at Least Once","slug":"unusual-beer-styles-and-great-beer-brands-to-try-at-least-once","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183851"}},{"articleId":183806,"title":"Buying the Freshest Beer","slug":"buying-the-freshest-beer","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183806"}},{"articleId":183852,"title":"Serving Beer Properly","slug":"serving-beer-properly","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183852"}},{"articleId":183805,"title":"Tasting and Evaluating Beer Wisely","slug":"tasting-and-evaluating-beer-wisely","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183805"}},{"articleId":183791,"title":"Creating a Delicious Dining Experience with Beer","slug":"creating-a-delicious-dining-experience-with-beer","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183791"}}],"content":[{"title":"A few useful beer descriptors","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Because beer is widely available in a variety of different styles, describing it isn’t as easy as it used to be. Knowing a handful of colorful beer descriptors comes in handy when discussing beer with others. Here’s a sample list to get you started:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Aggressive:</strong> Boldly assertive aroma and/or taste</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Balanced:</strong> Malt and hops in similar proportions; equal representation of malt sweetness and hop bitterness in the flavor — especially at the finish</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Complex:</strong> Multidimensional; many flavors and sensations on the palate</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Crisp:</strong> Highly carbonated; effervescent</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Diacetyl:</strong> Buttery or butterscotchy aroma or flavor</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Estery:</strong> Fruity aromas</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Floral:</strong> Full of aromas reminiscent of flowers</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Fruity:</strong> Flavors reminiscent of various fruits</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Hoppy:</strong> Herbal, earthy, spicy, or citric aromas and flavors of hops</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Malty:</strong> Grainy, caramel-like; can be sweet or dry</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Roasty/toasty:</strong> Malt (roasted grain) flavors</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Robust:</strong> Rich and full-bodied</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The following are two other terms commonly used to describe a beer, but they don’t describe taste:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><em>Mouthfeel</em> is the tactile sensory experience of the whole inside of the mouth and throat — warmth (alcohol) in the throat, dryness, carbonation, and so on — and includes a sense of body.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><em>Body</em> describes the sensation of fullness, or viscosity, of a beer on the palate, ranging from watery to creamy; beer is generally described as thin-, light-, medium-, or full-bodied.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Unusual beer styles and great beer brands to try at least once","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Most beer drinkers tend to drink just a couple different beer styles without straying too far off the beaten path. But to fully understand and appreciate the wider spectrum of beer styles, here are a few types of beers that every beer drinker taste at least once:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Belgian Fruit Lambic: </strong>Well-aged ale with surprising, effusive fruit aroma and taste; intoxicating fragrance</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Doppelbock: </strong>Strong, dark, and caramel-like Bock Beer with two times the flavor and body of Bock (doppel your pleasure, doppel your fun)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Imperial Stout: </strong>Dark, rich, and creamy Stout with complex grain flavors; a brew to chew</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Rauchbier: </strong>Oktoberfest beer made with a portion of beechwood-smoked malt; delicious and unique but takes somewhat of an acquired taste (great with smoked cheese or sausage)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Witbier: </strong>Perfumy Belgian Wheat Beer made with orange rind and coriander seed; like nothing else in the beer world</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Certain brands of beer have become synonymous with distinctly different flavor profiles. The following short list includes some of the more famous brands along with a couple others that are still cultivating a following. True beer lovers should taste all of them at least once.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Guinness Stout</strong> <strong>(Ireland):</strong> Dark, dry, smooth, and roasty, with a creamy head; the perfect sipping pint</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Pilsner Urquell</strong> <strong>(Czech Republic):</strong> Crisp and hoppy with a touch of malty sweetness; the original, classic Pilsner beer</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Rodenbach Grand Cru</strong> <strong>(Belgium):</strong> Sharply sour but refreshing, with fresh fruity notes; beer masquerading as Burgundy wine</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Samichlaus</strong> <strong>(Austria):</strong> Incredibly malty-rich and spirited; a terrific tipple for the Christmas holidays</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Samuel Adams Utopias</strong> <strong>(United States):</strong> Throat-warming malt complexity with hints of oak, like no beer you’ve ever had; that’s why you sip it like a brandy</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Buying the freshest beer","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>To ensure that you always get the most bang for your beer buck, keep these tips in mind when buying beer. Remember that freshness in beer is as important as freshness in bread.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Don’t buy bottled beer that’s coated in a layer of dust and/or has any flakes, chunks, or floaters in it.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Always consume beer from growlers before it goes flat — usually in the first 24 to 36 hours.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Look for freshness dates and buy only beer that isn’t past the freshness date.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If you have the choice, buy beer that’s refrigerated rather than beer that’s sitting on a shelf.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Don’t buy beer that is or has been sitting in the sun.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Serving beer properly","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>To fully enjoy your beer-drinking experience, it helps to follow a few simple serving suggestions. Here are some very simple and easy ways to increase your beer enjoyment:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Make sure the beer is at proper serving temperature. Lighter bodied and lighter colored beers can be served cold (40 to 44 degrees Fahrenheit, 4 to 6 degrees Celsius), but darker beers should be served a bit warmer (44 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit, 6 to 9 degrees Celsius). High octane brews can even be served at room temperature.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Always pour the beer into a (clean) glass. Doing so releases a lot of the CO2, which increases the beer’s aromatics while reducing your carbonation intake (and, thus, your aromatics).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Though not absolutely essential, using certain beer glasses (such as Pilsner glasses, Weissbier glasses, wine flutes, and brandy snifters) can enhance your sipping experience.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Tasting and evaluating beer wisely","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Drinking beer is easy, but evaluating it as you drink requires a little more diligence. Here’s a good step-by-step process to evaluate beer like a pro:</p>\n<ol class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Purposely pour the beer to create at least two fingers depth of head in the glass.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Creating a decent head also creates a fuller aromatic bouquet.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Experience the beer’s aroma first because aromatics dissipate quickly.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Look at the beer’s color and clarity.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">The color and clarity of beer changes from style to style, so don’t expect all beers to look the same.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">When tasting the beer, try to discern the various flavors of the primary ingredients — malt, hops, yeast, and so on. Note fruitiness and warmth (if any).</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">In addition, pay attention to whether the beer is sweet, dry, or acidic, as well as where those flavors are experienced (foretaste, midtaste, aftertaste).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Determine the body and texture of the beer.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">The body may be full, medium, or thin; texture may be watery, creamy, chewy, gassy, and so on.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Reflect on the beer.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">After tasting the beer and discerning its various flavors, aromas, and textures, decide whether the various parts of the beer work harmoniously to create an enjoyable beverage.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n"},{"title":"Creating a delicious dining experience with beer","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Beer makes an excellent accompaniment to many different foods. The following beer and food pairing tips can help enhance your overall dining experience:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">A very general rule is to think of lagers as the beer equivalent to white wine and ales as the red wine equivalent.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">The best pairings occur when beer is used to either cut, contrast, or complement the dish. For example, a hoppy India Pale Ale cuts through the oiliness of duck or lamb, a malty Märzenbier or Vienna Lager contrasts the heat of a 5-alarm chili, and a rich Imperial Stout nicely complements fudge brownies.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Drink light-bodied beers before eating; save fuller bodied beers for dessert or for after the meal.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Lighter bodied and colored lagers pair well with delicate fish; malty, amber-colored beers pair well with chicken; hoppy Pale Ales mate well with pork and lamb; dark Porters and Stouts complement hearty beef dishes — especially when grilled.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-02-17T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208452},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T18:19:47+00:00","modifiedTime":"2019-06-18T17:52:02+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:17:10+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Beverages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33840"},"slug":"beverages","categoryId":33840},{"name":"Beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"},"slug":"beer","categoryId":33843}],"title":"American Beer History through the 19th Century","strippedTitle":"american beer history through the 19th century","slug":"american-beer-history-through-the-19th-century","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"The first beer brewed by American colonists was at Sir Walter Raleigh’s Roanoke colony in 1587. The beer must not have been very good, though, because Colonists","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"The first beer brewed by American colonists was at Sir Walter Raleigh’s Roanoke colony in 1587. The beer must not have been very good, though, because Colonists continued to request shipments of beer from England. (Unfortunately, most of the ships’ consignments of beer were drunk on the transatlantic crossing by thirsty sailors.) And in 1609, colonists placed America’s first help-wanted ad in a London paper, asking for brewers to come to America.\r\n\r\nRather than continue on to their destination in Virginia, the pilgrims on the <i>Mayflower</i> made their landing at Plymouth Rock for lack of beer. A December 19, 1620, entry in the diary of a <i>Mayflower</i> passenger tells the story: “We could not now take time for further search or consideration, our victuals being much spent, especially our beere.”\r\n\r\nBeer was far more healthful than the impure water sources available to American colonists. Dr. Benjamin Rush, a noted physician and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, wrote, “Beer is a wholesome liquor compared with spirits. It abounds with nourishment. . . . While I wish to see a law imposing the heaviest taxes on whiskey distilleries, I should be glad to see breweries wholly exempt from taxation.” (Amen!)\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_262249\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"535\"]<img class=\"wp-image-262249 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/american-beer-history.jpg\" alt=\"american beer history\" width=\"535\" height=\"357\" /> ©Shutterstock/Marsan[/caption]\r\n\r\nBreweries in the New World were among the first businesses established. American breweries preexisted American government; some of the breweries’ staunchest supporters were also the leaders of the new nation.\r\n\r\nIn colonial America, the alehouse was second only to the church in importance. Aside from being where the brewer plied his trade, the tavern also served as the unofficial town hall and the social and political focal point of every town. It was here that the townsfolk gathered to deliberate and debate, to socialize and share news and information with the community.\r\n\r\nTo the colonists, the alehouses were cradles of liberty; while to the British, the alehouses were hotbeds of sedition. As early as 1768, the Sons of Liberty were holding meetings at the Liberty Tree Tavern in Providence; the Green Dragon Inn in Boston was called the headquarters for the revolution. George Washington made his headquarters at Fraunces Tavern in New York, where it still stands and serves beer, now in the heart of the financial district.\r\n\r\nMost of the early breweries were small, house-based operations. Traditional ingredients, hard to come by in the New World, were often replaced with maize, molasses, bran, persimmons, potatoes, spruce twigs, birch bark, ginger, and allspice.\r\n\r\nThe first real brewery in the New World was founded in New Amsterdam (New York) in 1633. Boston’s first brewery debuted in 1637 and was a favorite among colonial leaders, who believed that beer was a moderate alternative to distilled spirits.\r\n\r\nThe city of Philadelphia got its first brewery in 1685 (but made up for lost time, as Philadelphia has had more breweries in its history than any other U.S. city). This date is confirmed by an entry in the diary of William Penn, who was a brewer himself. Historians have studied Penn’s ledgers and concluded that he ran malt and brewhouses at his Pennsbury mansion in Pennsylvania’s Bucks County.\r\n\r\nAs the United States became an instant magnet for people looking to start a new life, breweries opened as quickly as each ethnic enclave settled. Throughout the 1800s, most of the arrivals came from the <i>beer belt</i> countries of northern Europe (Ireland, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, the Netherlands — the majority of brewers were of Irish and German origin), and with them came the knowledge of brewing and an appreciation for the craft.\r\n\r\nIn 1840, about 140 breweries were operating in the United States, at least 1 in each of the 13 original colonies. Annual output totaled about 200,000 barrels. The American brewing industry boasted as many as 1,400 breweries by 1914 and employed more than 75,000 people.","description":"The first beer brewed by American colonists was at Sir Walter Raleigh’s Roanoke colony in 1587. The beer must not have been very good, though, because Colonists continued to request shipments of beer from England. (Unfortunately, most of the ships’ consignments of beer were drunk on the transatlantic crossing by thirsty sailors.) And in 1609, colonists placed America’s first help-wanted ad in a London paper, asking for brewers to come to America.\r\n\r\nRather than continue on to their destination in Virginia, the pilgrims on the <i>Mayflower</i> made their landing at Plymouth Rock for lack of beer. A December 19, 1620, entry in the diary of a <i>Mayflower</i> passenger tells the story: “We could not now take time for further search or consideration, our victuals being much spent, especially our beere.”\r\n\r\nBeer was far more healthful than the impure water sources available to American colonists. Dr. Benjamin Rush, a noted physician and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, wrote, “Beer is a wholesome liquor compared with spirits. It abounds with nourishment. . . . While I wish to see a law imposing the heaviest taxes on whiskey distilleries, I should be glad to see breweries wholly exempt from taxation.” (Amen!)\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_262249\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"535\"]<img class=\"wp-image-262249 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/american-beer-history.jpg\" alt=\"american beer history\" width=\"535\" height=\"357\" /> ©Shutterstock/Marsan[/caption]\r\n\r\nBreweries in the New World were among the first businesses established. American breweries preexisted American government; some of the breweries’ staunchest supporters were also the leaders of the new nation.\r\n\r\nIn colonial America, the alehouse was second only to the church in importance. Aside from being where the brewer plied his trade, the tavern also served as the unofficial town hall and the social and political focal point of every town. It was here that the townsfolk gathered to deliberate and debate, to socialize and share news and information with the community.\r\n\r\nTo the colonists, the alehouses were cradles of liberty; while to the British, the alehouses were hotbeds of sedition. As early as 1768, the Sons of Liberty were holding meetings at the Liberty Tree Tavern in Providence; the Green Dragon Inn in Boston was called the headquarters for the revolution. George Washington made his headquarters at Fraunces Tavern in New York, where it still stands and serves beer, now in the heart of the financial district.\r\n\r\nMost of the early breweries were small, house-based operations. Traditional ingredients, hard to come by in the New World, were often replaced with maize, molasses, bran, persimmons, potatoes, spruce twigs, birch bark, ginger, and allspice.\r\n\r\nThe first real brewery in the New World was founded in New Amsterdam (New York) in 1633. Boston’s first brewery debuted in 1637 and was a favorite among colonial leaders, who believed that beer was a moderate alternative to distilled spirits.\r\n\r\nThe city of Philadelphia got its first brewery in 1685 (but made up for lost time, as Philadelphia has had more breweries in its history than any other U.S. city). This date is confirmed by an entry in the diary of William Penn, who was a brewer himself. Historians have studied Penn’s ledgers and concluded that he ran malt and brewhouses at his Pennsbury mansion in Pennsylvania’s Bucks County.\r\n\r\nAs the United States became an instant magnet for people looking to start a new life, breweries opened as quickly as each ethnic enclave settled. Throughout the 1800s, most of the arrivals came from the <i>beer belt</i> countries of northern Europe (Ireland, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, the Netherlands — the majority of brewers were of Irish and German origin), and with them came the knowledge of brewing and an appreciation for the craft.\r\n\r\nIn 1840, about 140 breweries were operating in the United States, at least 1 in each of the 13 original colonies. Annual output totaled about 200,000 barrels. The American brewing industry boasted as many as 1,400 breweries by 1914 and employed more than 75,000 people.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. Few people have the same level of expertise and experience in the field.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}},{"authorId":10007,"name":"Steve Ettlinger","slug":"steve-ettlinger","description":" <b>Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b>Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p>","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10007"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33843,"title":"Beer","slug":"beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":208452,"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208452"}},{"articleId":183852,"title":"Serving Beer Properly","slug":"serving-beer-properly","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183852"}},{"articleId":183851,"title":"Unusual Beer Styles and Great Beer Brands to Try at Least Once","slug":"unusual-beer-styles-and-great-beer-brands-to-try-at-least-once","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183851"}},{"articleId":183823,"title":"A Few Useful Beer Descriptors","slug":"a-few-useful-beer-descriptors","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183823"}},{"articleId":183805,"title":"Tasting and Evaluating Beer Wisely","slug":"tasting-and-evaluating-beer-wisely","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/183805"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209283,"title":"Homebrewing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"homebrewing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209283"}},{"articleId":208452,"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208452"}},{"articleId":201189,"title":"Homebrewing Problem: No Fermentation","slug":"homebrewing-problem-no-fermentation","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201189"}},{"articleId":198918,"title":"Understanding Malting and Mashing Barley for Homebrewing","slug":"understanding-malting-and-mashing-barley-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198918"}},{"articleId":198797,"title":"What's the Time Commitment for Beginner Homebrewers?","slug":"whats-the-time-commitment-for-beginner-homebrewers","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198797"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":281989,"slug":"beer-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9781118120309","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1118120302-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1118120302/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/beer-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9781118120309-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Beer For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"<b data-author-id=\"10006\">Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b data-author-id=\"10007\">Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. Few people have the same level of expertise and experience in the field.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}},{"authorId":10007,"name":"Steve Ettlinger","slug":"steve-ettlinger","description":" <b>Marty Nachel</b> is a beer educator, an award-winning homebrewer, a BJCP Certified Beer Judge, on the panel of professional beer judges at the Great American Beer Festival, and a former beer evaluator at the Beverage Testing Institute. He is also the founder and administrator of the Ale-Conner Beer Certification Program. <p><b>Steve Ettlinger</b> is the author of seven books, most of which are about food and food-related subjects. His most recent is Twinkie, Deconstructed.</p>","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10007"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;beverages&quot;,&quot;beer&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118120309&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221aa6e8754\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;beverages&quot;,&quot;beer&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118120309&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221aa6e8ff5\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":null,"lifeExpectancySetFrom":null,"dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":178651},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T22:38:49+00:00","modifiedTime":"2016-06-06T19:13:41+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:14:59+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Beverages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33840"},"slug":"beverages","categoryId":33840},{"name":"Beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"},"slug":"beer","categoryId":33843}],"title":"What's the Time Commitment for Beginner Homebrewers?","strippedTitle":"what's the time commitment for beginner homebrewers?","slug":"whats-the-time-commitment-for-beginner-homebrewers","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"If you're interested in homebrewing, you're understandably concerned with how much time it takes to brew beer at home. In addition to the hands-on activities su","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"<p>If you're interested in homebrewing, you're understandably concerned with how much time it takes to brew beer at home. In addition to the hands-on activities such as cooking and bottling, you also face a great deal of waiting around. Making beer at home requires patience. </p>\r\n<p>The hands-on part of the homebrewing process involves the</p>\r\n<ul><li>Actual cooking of the wort (unfermented beer; rhymes with <i>dirt</i>) on the stovetop</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li>Fermentation (conversion of sugars to alcohol and CO<SUB>2</SUB> by yeast)</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li>Aging (maturation) processes</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li>Bottling of the beer</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">What most homebrewing beginners aren't aware of is the hands-<i>off</i> part of brewing — the stage when the brewer does nothing but wait patiently. This part not only constitutes the longest segment of the timeline, but it also represents a test of the brewer's patience and self-restraint.</p>\r\n<p>At the beginner level, you need at least two or three hours on brewing day to properly sanitize the equipment, brew and cool the wort, <i>pitch</i> the yeast (add it to your wort), seal the fermenter, and clean up whatever mess you made. You need to set aside the same amount of time on the day you bottle the beer.</p>\r\n<p>In between the brewing and bottling days, however, you face the little matter of fermentation. The yeast needs at least seven days to complete the fermentation cycle — sometimes more, depending on extenuating circumstances. You need do nothing more than wait patiently for the yeast to complete its task. Even after you've bottled your beer, you still need to wait patiently while your brew conditions in the bottles — two weeks is the recommended minimum length of this conditioning process.</p>\r\n<p>At the beginner level, if you brew on a Saturday your brewing timeline may look something like the following:</p>\r\n<p class=\"number\">1. Brew day (S). Ferment the beer Su-M-T-W-Th-F. (That's 7 days.)</p>\r\n<p class=\"number\">2. Bottle day (S). Condition the beer Su-M-T-W-Th-F-S-Su-M-T-W-Th-F. (That's 14 more days.)</p>\r\n<p class=\"number\">3. Drink the beer!</p>\r\n<p>As you begin to employ different ingredients, equipment, and processes in your beer-making repertoire, expect the timeline to expand. Secondary fermentation (a helpful extra aging) adds another two weeks to the timeline, and advanced brewers, for example, may spend as many as eight to ten hours in a single day brewing their beer from grain.</p>\r\n<p>Homebrewing is a pursuit that requires a higher degree of dedication than, say, doing crossword puzzles in ink, but the rewards are considerable (and tasty!) In addition to personal gratification, quality homebrew can inspire a certain respect from your fellow brewers, awe in nonbrewers, and other intangibles that make all the effort worthwhile.</p>","description":"<p>If you're interested in homebrewing, you're understandably concerned with how much time it takes to brew beer at home. In addition to the hands-on activities such as cooking and bottling, you also face a great deal of waiting around. Making beer at home requires patience. </p>\r\n<p>The hands-on part of the homebrewing process involves the</p>\r\n<ul><li>Actual cooking of the wort (unfermented beer; rhymes with <i>dirt</i>) on the stovetop</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li>Fermentation (conversion of sugars to alcohol and CO<SUB>2</SUB> by yeast)</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li>Aging (maturation) processes</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li>Bottling of the beer</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">What most homebrewing beginners aren't aware of is the hands-<i>off</i> part of brewing — the stage when the brewer does nothing but wait patiently. This part not only constitutes the longest segment of the timeline, but it also represents a test of the brewer's patience and self-restraint.</p>\r\n<p>At the beginner level, you need at least two or three hours on brewing day to properly sanitize the equipment, brew and cool the wort, <i>pitch</i> the yeast (add it to your wort), seal the fermenter, and clean up whatever mess you made. You need to set aside the same amount of time on the day you bottle the beer.</p>\r\n<p>In between the brewing and bottling days, however, you face the little matter of fermentation. The yeast needs at least seven days to complete the fermentation cycle — sometimes more, depending on extenuating circumstances. You need do nothing more than wait patiently for the yeast to complete its task. Even after you've bottled your beer, you still need to wait patiently while your brew conditions in the bottles — two weeks is the recommended minimum length of this conditioning process.</p>\r\n<p>At the beginner level, if you brew on a Saturday your brewing timeline may look something like the following:</p>\r\n<p class=\"number\">1. Brew day (S). Ferment the beer Su-M-T-W-Th-F. (That's 7 days.)</p>\r\n<p class=\"number\">2. Bottle day (S). Condition the beer Su-M-T-W-Th-F-S-Su-M-T-W-Th-F. (That's 14 more days.)</p>\r\n<p class=\"number\">3. Drink the beer!</p>\r\n<p>As you begin to employ different ingredients, equipment, and processes in your beer-making repertoire, expect the timeline to expand. Secondary fermentation (a helpful extra aging) adds another two weeks to the timeline, and advanced brewers, for example, may spend as many as eight to ten hours in a single day brewing their beer from grain.</p>\r\n<p>Homebrewing is a pursuit that requires a higher degree of dedication than, say, doing crossword puzzles in ink, but the rewards are considerable (and tasty!) In addition to personal gratification, quality homebrew can inspire a certain respect from your fellow brewers, awe in nonbrewers, and other intangibles that make all the effort worthwhile.</p>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. Few people have the same level of expertise and experience in the field.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33843,"title":"Beer","slug":"beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":201189,"title":"Homebrewing Problem: No Fermentation","slug":"homebrewing-problem-no-fermentation","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201189"}},{"articleId":198918,"title":"Understanding Malting and Mashing Barley for Homebrewing","slug":"understanding-malting-and-mashing-barley-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198918"}},{"articleId":194327,"title":"Beer Style Guidelines Hierarchy","slug":"beer-style-guidelines-hierarchy","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194327"}},{"articleId":194324,"title":"Basic Conversions for Homebrewing","slug":"basic-conversions-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194324"}},{"articleId":194323,"title":"Homebrewing Abbreviation Slang","slug":"homebrewing-abbreviation-slang","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194323"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209283,"title":"Homebrewing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"homebrewing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209283"}},{"articleId":208452,"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208452"}},{"articleId":201189,"title":"Homebrewing Problem: No Fermentation","slug":"homebrewing-problem-no-fermentation","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201189"}},{"articleId":198918,"title":"Understanding Malting and Mashing Barley for Homebrewing","slug":"understanding-malting-and-mashing-barley-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198918"}},{"articleId":194327,"title":"Beer Style Guidelines Hierarchy","slug":"beer-style-guidelines-hierarchy","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194327"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":{"default":null,"ca":null,"indigo_ca":null,"gb":null,"de":null},"image":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"title":"","testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"","authors":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit 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id=\"du-slot-63221a231a5fb\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":null,"lifeExpectancySetFrom":null,"dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":198797},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T22:39:37+00:00","modifiedTime":"2016-06-06T19:11:46+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:14:58+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Beverages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33840"},"slug":"beverages","categoryId":33840},{"name":"Beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"},"slug":"beer","categoryId":33843}],"title":"Understanding Malting and Mashing Barley for Homebrewing","strippedTitle":"understanding malting and mashing barley for homebrewing","slug":"understanding-malting-and-mashing-barley-for-homebrewing","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Of the four main ingredients used in homebrewing beer (barley, hops, yeast, and water), barley makes the biggest contribution. Barley gives beer its color, unde","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"<p>Of the four main ingredients used in homebrewing beer (barley, hops, yeast, and water), barley makes the biggest contribution. Barley gives beer its color, underlying flavor, sweetness, body, head of foam, and <i>mouthfeel</i>. Barley also contributes the natural sugars that feed the yeast, which in turn converts the sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide during fermentation. </p>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Malting</h2>\r\n<p class=\"TechnicalStuff\">Before you can brew with barley, it must undergo a process known as <i>malting.</i> The malting process simulates the grain's natural germination cycle. Under closely monitored conditions, malting companies wet the barley kernels and allow them to sprout. As the seedlings begin sprouting, the starchy insides of the kernels (or <i>endosperm</i>) begin to change. This modification causes the hard, starchy endosperm to begin to break down into natural malt sugars (<i>maltose</i>) that brewers later liquefy, during the mashing process. One of the important features of this process is the production of the enzymes brewers later use in the mashing process. And the maltose sugars, along with proteins and dextrins, contribute the color, flavor, sweetness, body, mouthfeel, and foam in the beer. (Mouthfeel can be defined as the textural qualities of beer on your palate and in your throat — <i>viscosity</i>, or thickness; carbonation; alcohol warmth; and so on.)</p>\r\n<p>Only after the barley has undergone the malting process does it become <i>malt</i>, or <i>barleymalt</i>.</p>\r\n<p>Malted barley is an incredibly complete and convenient package, seemingly designed exclusively for brewing beer. Each grain kernel contains <i>carbohydrates</i> (which eventually convert to sugar), <i>enzymes</i> (which do the actual converting), <i>proteins</i> (which provide yeast nutrition, mouthfeel, and head stability), and a <i>husk</i> (which, when multiplied by thousands, acts as the perfect natural filter bed through which you can drain the unfermented beer).</p>\r\n<p class=\"TechnicalStuff\">Very few commercial brewers — usually only the huge beer factories — do their own malting. Professional malting companies (also called <i>maltsters</i>) malt most of the grain for the brewing industry (including smaller commercial brewers and homebrew supply shops). </p>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Mashing</h2>\r\n<p>In order to make beer from the malted grain, the starch within the kernels of malt must be made soluble. This liquefying process takes place during the mashing procedures in a vessel called a <i>mash tun.</i> The mashing process is where the natural enzymes found in grain break down the grain's starches; hot water then dissolves the starches so they leach out of the cracked grain. After you've rinsed all the malt sugars from the grain, you transfer the syrupy-sweet malt tea, called <i>wort,</i> over to the brew kettle, where you boil it. Homebrewers who make their beer with malt extract can avoid the mashing process altogether.</p>\r\n<p><i>Wort</i> (rhymes with dirt) is the German word for unfermented beer. Some brewers also call wort <i>green</i> <i>beer</i> (and not just on St. Patrick's Day).</p>","description":"<p>Of the four main ingredients used in homebrewing beer (barley, hops, yeast, and water), barley makes the biggest contribution. Barley gives beer its color, underlying flavor, sweetness, body, head of foam, and <i>mouthfeel</i>. Barley also contributes the natural sugars that feed the yeast, which in turn converts the sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide during fermentation. </p>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Malting</h2>\r\n<p class=\"TechnicalStuff\">Before you can brew with barley, it must undergo a process known as <i>malting.</i> The malting process simulates the grain's natural germination cycle. Under closely monitored conditions, malting companies wet the barley kernels and allow them to sprout. As the seedlings begin sprouting, the starchy insides of the kernels (or <i>endosperm</i>) begin to change. This modification causes the hard, starchy endosperm to begin to break down into natural malt sugars (<i>maltose</i>) that brewers later liquefy, during the mashing process. One of the important features of this process is the production of the enzymes brewers later use in the mashing process. And the maltose sugars, along with proteins and dextrins, contribute the color, flavor, sweetness, body, mouthfeel, and foam in the beer. (Mouthfeel can be defined as the textural qualities of beer on your palate and in your throat — <i>viscosity</i>, or thickness; carbonation; alcohol warmth; and so on.)</p>\r\n<p>Only after the barley has undergone the malting process does it become <i>malt</i>, or <i>barleymalt</i>.</p>\r\n<p>Malted barley is an incredibly complete and convenient package, seemingly designed exclusively for brewing beer. Each grain kernel contains <i>carbohydrates</i> (which eventually convert to sugar), <i>enzymes</i> (which do the actual converting), <i>proteins</i> (which provide yeast nutrition, mouthfeel, and head stability), and a <i>husk</i> (which, when multiplied by thousands, acts as the perfect natural filter bed through which you can drain the unfermented beer).</p>\r\n<p class=\"TechnicalStuff\">Very few commercial brewers — usually only the huge beer factories — do their own malting. Professional malting companies (also called <i>maltsters</i>) malt most of the grain for the brewing industry (including smaller commercial brewers and homebrew supply shops). </p>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Mashing</h2>\r\n<p>In order to make beer from the malted grain, the starch within the kernels of malt must be made soluble. This liquefying process takes place during the mashing procedures in a vessel called a <i>mash tun.</i> The mashing process is where the natural enzymes found in grain break down the grain's starches; hot water then dissolves the starches so they leach out of the cracked grain. After you've rinsed all the malt sugars from the grain, you transfer the syrupy-sweet malt tea, called <i>wort,</i> over to the brew kettle, where you boil it. Homebrewers who make their beer with malt extract can avoid the mashing process altogether.</p>\r\n<p><i>Wort</i> (rhymes with dirt) is the German word for unfermented beer. Some brewers also call wort <i>green</i> <i>beer</i> (and not just on St. Patrick's Day).</p>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. Few people have the same level of expertise and experience in the field.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33843,"title":"Beer","slug":"beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"Malting","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Mashing","target":"#tab2"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":201189,"title":"Homebrewing Problem: No Fermentation","slug":"homebrewing-problem-no-fermentation","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201189"}},{"articleId":198797,"title":"What's the Time Commitment for Beginner Homebrewers?","slug":"whats-the-time-commitment-for-beginner-homebrewers","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198797"}},{"articleId":194327,"title":"Beer Style Guidelines Hierarchy","slug":"beer-style-guidelines-hierarchy","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194327"}},{"articleId":194324,"title":"Basic Conversions for Homebrewing","slug":"basic-conversions-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194324"}},{"articleId":194323,"title":"Homebrewing Abbreviation Slang","slug":"homebrewing-abbreviation-slang","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194323"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209283,"title":"Homebrewing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"homebrewing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209283"}},{"articleId":208452,"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208452"}},{"articleId":201189,"title":"Homebrewing Problem: No Fermentation","slug":"homebrewing-problem-no-fermentation","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201189"}},{"articleId":198797,"title":"What's the Time Commitment for Beginner Homebrewers?","slug":"whats-the-time-commitment-for-beginner-homebrewers","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198797"}},{"articleId":194327,"title":"Beer Style Guidelines Hierarchy","slug":"beer-style-guidelines-hierarchy","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194327"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":{"default":null,"ca":null,"indigo_ca":null,"gb":null,"de":null},"image":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"title":"","testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"","authors":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;beverages&quot;,&quot;beer&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221a22c5d8c\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;beverages&quot;,&quot;beer&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63221a22c62b7\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":null,"lifeExpectancySetFrom":null,"dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":198918},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T22:55:05+00:00","modifiedTime":"2016-06-06T18:47:09+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:14:56+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Beverages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33840"},"slug":"beverages","categoryId":33840},{"name":"Beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"},"slug":"beer","categoryId":33843}],"title":"Homebrewing Problem: No Fermentation","strippedTitle":"homebrewing problem: no fermentation","slug":"homebrewing-problem-no-fermentation","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Fermentation problems occur frequently to homebrewers, and a common one is that the would-be beer just never started fermenting. Before you pour your homebrew d","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"<p>Fermentation problems occur frequently to homebrewers, and a common one is that the would-be beer just never started fermenting. Before you pour your homebrew down the sink, make sure the process actually hasn't started — judging fermentation by the bubbles (or lack thereof) coming out of the airlock can sometimes be deceiving. </p>\r\n<p>Check for signs of fermentation:</p>\r\n<ul><li>Look at the beer (if it's in a glass fermenter) or peek through the airlock hole in the lid (if it's in a plastic fermenter). Do you see any foam or a ring of brownish scum around the fermenter? If so, the beer is fermenting or has fermented.</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li>Use your hydrometer to check the gravity. The beer is typically done fermenting if the final gravity is 1/3 to 1/4 of the original gravity. For example: A 1.045 beer ferments down to 1.015 to 1.012 or below.</li></ul>\r\n<p>If after 24 to 48 hours fermentation has truly not begun — or you're just not sure — try adding more yeast. (Situations like this one give you good reason to keep a packet of dry yeast in the fridge for emergencies.)</p>\r\n<p class=\"Tip\">If fermentation still hasn't begun after you add more yeast, you may have made one of the following mistakes:</p>\r\n<ul><li><b>You didn't rinse the sanitizer from the fermenter.</b> Sanitizer residue can kill yeast, too. Be mindful of sanitary practices — how or when the beer ferments doesn't mean a thing if you contaminate the whole batch in the process.</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li><b>You put the fermenter in a place that's too cold.</b> Leave it at 64 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit for Ales.</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li><b>You used old or dead yeast.</b> The yeast contained in ingredient kits is often so old that it's useless — always buy fresh yeast that has been kept refrigerated.</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li><b>You rehydrated the yeast </b>improperly by using water that was too hot (more than 110 degrees Fahrenheit).Also, don't leave the yeast in the rehydration water too long; 30 minutes is plenty.</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li><b>You used good yeast but shocked it with sudden changes in temperature </b>or by adding it to wort that was too cold (under 70 degrees Fahrenheit) or too hot (over 110 degrees Fahrenheit). (Wort is unfermented beer; rhymes with <i>dirt.</i>)</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li><b>You didn't use enough yeast.</b> Pitch 10 to 15 grams of dry yeast, or use 1 package of ready-to-pitch liquid yeast per 5 gallons of beer.</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Slow-starting or stuck fermentations usually mean under-pitching of yeast, underaerated wort, or both. To correct these problems in the future, pitch a larger volume of yeast and make sure you properly aerate the wort before pitching.</p>\r\n<p>High-gravity worts (those with a specific gravity of 1.056 or higher) need even more yeast and aeration for proper fermentation.</p>","description":"<p>Fermentation problems occur frequently to homebrewers, and a common one is that the would-be beer just never started fermenting. Before you pour your homebrew down the sink, make sure the process actually hasn't started — judging fermentation by the bubbles (or lack thereof) coming out of the airlock can sometimes be deceiving. </p>\r\n<p>Check for signs of fermentation:</p>\r\n<ul><li>Look at the beer (if it's in a glass fermenter) or peek through the airlock hole in the lid (if it's in a plastic fermenter). Do you see any foam or a ring of brownish scum around the fermenter? If so, the beer is fermenting or has fermented.</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li>Use your hydrometer to check the gravity. The beer is typically done fermenting if the final gravity is 1/3 to 1/4 of the original gravity. For example: A 1.045 beer ferments down to 1.015 to 1.012 or below.</li></ul>\r\n<p>If after 24 to 48 hours fermentation has truly not begun — or you're just not sure — try adding more yeast. (Situations like this one give you good reason to keep a packet of dry yeast in the fridge for emergencies.)</p>\r\n<p class=\"Tip\">If fermentation still hasn't begun after you add more yeast, you may have made one of the following mistakes:</p>\r\n<ul><li><b>You didn't rinse the sanitizer from the fermenter.</b> Sanitizer residue can kill yeast, too. Be mindful of sanitary practices — how or when the beer ferments doesn't mean a thing if you contaminate the whole batch in the process.</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li><b>You put the fermenter in a place that's too cold.</b> Leave it at 64 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit for Ales.</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li><b>You used old or dead yeast.</b> The yeast contained in ingredient kits is often so old that it's useless — always buy fresh yeast that has been kept refrigerated.</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li><b>You rehydrated the yeast </b>improperly by using water that was too hot (more than 110 degrees Fahrenheit).Also, don't leave the yeast in the rehydration water too long; 30 minutes is plenty.</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li><b>You used good yeast but shocked it with sudden changes in temperature </b>or by adding it to wort that was too cold (under 70 degrees Fahrenheit) or too hot (over 110 degrees Fahrenheit). (Wort is unfermented beer; rhymes with <i>dirt.</i>)</li></ul>\r\n<ul><li><b>You didn't use enough yeast.</b> Pitch 10 to 15 grams of dry yeast, or use 1 package of ready-to-pitch liquid yeast per 5 gallons of beer.</li></ul>\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">Slow-starting or stuck fermentations usually mean under-pitching of yeast, underaerated wort, or both. To correct these problems in the future, pitch a larger volume of yeast and make sure you properly aerate the wort before pitching.</p>\r\n<p>High-gravity worts (those with a specific gravity of 1.056 or higher) need even more yeast and aeration for proper fermentation.</p>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. Few people have the same level of expertise and experience in the field.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10006"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33843,"title":"Beer","slug":"beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":198918,"title":"Understanding Malting and Mashing Barley for Homebrewing","slug":"understanding-malting-and-mashing-barley-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198918"}},{"articleId":198797,"title":"What's the Time Commitment for Beginner Homebrewers?","slug":"whats-the-time-commitment-for-beginner-homebrewers","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198797"}},{"articleId":194327,"title":"Beer Style Guidelines Hierarchy","slug":"beer-style-guidelines-hierarchy","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194327"}},{"articleId":194324,"title":"Basic Conversions for Homebrewing","slug":"basic-conversions-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194324"}},{"articleId":194323,"title":"Homebrewing Abbreviation Slang","slug":"homebrewing-abbreviation-slang","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194323"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209283,"title":"Homebrewing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"homebrewing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209283"}},{"articleId":208452,"title":"Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"beer-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208452"}},{"articleId":198918,"title":"Understanding Malting and Mashing Barley for Homebrewing","slug":"understanding-malting-and-mashing-barley-for-homebrewing","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198918"}},{"articleId":198797,"title":"What's the Time Commitment for Beginner Homebrewers?","slug":"whats-the-time-commitment-for-beginner-homebrewers","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198797"}},{"articleId":194327,"title":"Beer Style Guidelines Hierarchy","slug":"beer-style-guidelines-hierarchy","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","beverages","beer"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194327"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":{"default":null,"ca":null,"indigo_ca":null,"gb":null,"de":null},"image":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"title":"","testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"","authors":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = 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Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Beverages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33840"},"slug":"beverages","categoryId":33840},{"name":"Beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"},"slug":"beer","categoryId":33843}],"title":"Beer Style Guidelines Hierarchy","strippedTitle":"beer style guidelines hierarchy","slug":"beer-style-guidelines-hierarchy","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"The following list has been compiled by the Beer Judge Certification Program and is used by the American Homebrewers Association for competitive purposes. This ","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"<p>The following list has been compiled by the Beer Judge Certification Program and is used by the American Homebrewers Association for competitive purposes. This hierarchical list presents an overview of all the world's beer styles (along with Cider and Mead). All beers are categorized as Ale, Lager or Mixed Style; under each of these headings are listed all of the major beer styles (in capital letters) and their sub-styles.</p>\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >ALE</h2>\n<p>ENGLISH PALE ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Standard Ordinary Bitter</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Special / Best Bitter</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Extra Special / Strong Bitter</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>SCOTTISH AND IRISH ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Scottish Light 60</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Scottish Heavy 70</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Scottish Export 80</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Irish Red Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Scotch Strong Ale</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>AMERICAN ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Pale Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Amber Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Brown Ale</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>ENGLISH BROWN ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Mild</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Southern English Brown Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Northern English Brown Ale</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>PORTER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Brown Porter</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">English Porter </p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Baltic Porter</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>STOUT</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dry Stout</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Sweet Stout</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Oatmeal Stout</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Foreign Extra Stout</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Stout</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Russian Imperial Stout</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>INDIA PALE ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">English IPA</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American IPA</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Imperial IPA</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>BELGIAN AND FRENCH ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Witbier</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Pale Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Saison</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Biere de Garde</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>SOUR ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Berliner Weisse</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Flanders Red Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Straight (unblended) Lambic</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Gueuze</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Fruit Lambic</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>BELGIAN STRONG ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Blonde Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Dubbel</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Tripel</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Golden Strong Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Dark Strong Ale</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>STRONG ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Old Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">English Barley Wine</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Barley Wine</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >LAGER </h2>\n<p>LIGHT LAGER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Lite American Lager</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Standard American Lager</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Premium American Lager</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Munich Helles</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dortmunder Export</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>PILSENER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">German Pilsener (Pils)</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Bohemian Pilsener</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Classic American Pilsener</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>EUROPEAN AMBER LAGER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Vienna Lager</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Oktoberfest / Märzen</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>DARK LAGER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dark American Lager</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Munich Dunkel</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Schwarzbier (black beer)</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>BOCK</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Maibock / Helles Bock</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Traditional Bock</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Doppelbock</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Eisbock</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >MIXED STYLE </h2>\n<p>LIGHT HYBRID BEER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Cream Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Blonde Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Kölsch</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Wheat or Rye</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>AMBER HYBRID BEER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Northern German Altbier</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">California Common Beer</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dusseldorf Altbier</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>GERMAN WHEAT AND RYE BEER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Weizen / Weiss bier</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dunkelweizen</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Weizenbock</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Roggenbier (Rye beer)</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>FRUIT BEER</p>\n<p>SPICE / HERB / SPECIALTY BEER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Spice / Herb / Vegetable beer</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Christmas / Winter / Specialty Spiced Beer</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>SMOKE FLAVORED and WOOD AGED BEER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Classic Rauchbier</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Other Smoked Beer</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Wood Aged Beer</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>SPECIALTY BEER</p>\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >MEAD AND CIDER </h2>\n<p>TRADITIONAL MEAD</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dry Mead</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Semi-sweet Mead</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Sweet Mead</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>MELOMEL (FRUIT MEAD)</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Cyser (apple Melomel)</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Pyment (grape Melomel)</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Other Fruit Melomel</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>OTHER MEAD</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Metheglin (spiced Mead)</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Braggot (barley Mead)</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Open Category Mead</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>STANDARD CIDER and PERRY</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Common Cider</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">English Cider</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">French Cider</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Common Perry</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Traditional Perry</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>SPECIALTY CIDER and PERRY</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">New England Cider</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Fruit Cider</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Apple Wine</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Other Specialty Cider and Perry</p>\n </li>\n</ul>","description":"<p>The following list has been compiled by the Beer Judge Certification Program and is used by the American Homebrewers Association for competitive purposes. This hierarchical list presents an overview of all the world's beer styles (along with Cider and Mead). All beers are categorized as Ale, Lager or Mixed Style; under each of these headings are listed all of the major beer styles (in capital letters) and their sub-styles.</p>\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >ALE</h2>\n<p>ENGLISH PALE ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Standard Ordinary Bitter</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Special / Best Bitter</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Extra Special / Strong Bitter</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>SCOTTISH AND IRISH ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Scottish Light 60</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Scottish Heavy 70</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Scottish Export 80</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Irish Red Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Scotch Strong Ale</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>AMERICAN ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Pale Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Amber Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Brown Ale</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>ENGLISH BROWN ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Mild</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Southern English Brown Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Northern English Brown Ale</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>PORTER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Brown Porter</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">English Porter </p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Baltic Porter</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>STOUT</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dry Stout</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Sweet Stout</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Oatmeal Stout</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Foreign Extra Stout</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Stout</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Russian Imperial Stout</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>INDIA PALE ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">English IPA</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American IPA</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Imperial IPA</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>BELGIAN AND FRENCH ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Witbier</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Pale Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Saison</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Biere de Garde</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>SOUR ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Berliner Weisse</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Flanders Red Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Straight (unblended) Lambic</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Gueuze</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Fruit Lambic</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>BELGIAN STRONG ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Blonde Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Dubbel</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Tripel</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Golden Strong Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Belgian Dark Strong Ale</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>STRONG ALE</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Old Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">English Barley Wine</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Barley Wine</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >LAGER </h2>\n<p>LIGHT LAGER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Lite American Lager</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Standard American Lager</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Premium American Lager</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Munich Helles</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dortmunder Export</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>PILSENER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">German Pilsener (Pils)</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Bohemian Pilsener</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Classic American Pilsener</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>EUROPEAN AMBER LAGER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Vienna Lager</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Oktoberfest / Märzen</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>DARK LAGER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dark American Lager</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Munich Dunkel</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Schwarzbier (black beer)</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>BOCK</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Maibock / Helles Bock</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Traditional Bock</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Doppelbock</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Eisbock</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >MIXED STYLE </h2>\n<p>LIGHT HYBRID BEER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Cream Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Blonde Ale</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Kölsch</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">American Wheat or Rye</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>AMBER HYBRID BEER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Northern German Altbier</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">California Common Beer</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dusseldorf Altbier</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>GERMAN WHEAT AND RYE BEER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Weizen / Weiss bier</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dunkelweizen</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Weizenbock</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Roggenbier (Rye beer)</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>FRUIT BEER</p>\n<p>SPICE / HERB / SPECIALTY BEER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Spice / Herb / Vegetable beer</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Christmas / Winter / Specialty Spiced Beer</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>SMOKE FLAVORED and WOOD AGED BEER</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Classic Rauchbier</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Other Smoked Beer</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Wood Aged Beer</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>SPECIALTY BEER</p>\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >MEAD AND CIDER </h2>\n<p>TRADITIONAL MEAD</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Dry Mead</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Semi-sweet Mead</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Sweet Mead</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>MELOMEL (FRUIT MEAD)</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Cyser (apple Melomel)</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Pyment (grape Melomel)</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Other Fruit Melomel</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>OTHER MEAD</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Metheglin (spiced Mead)</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Braggot (barley Mead)</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Open Category Mead</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>STANDARD CIDER and PERRY</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Common Cider</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">English Cider</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">French Cider</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Common Perry</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Traditional Perry</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>SPECIALTY CIDER and PERRY</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">New England Cider</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Fruit Cider</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Apple Wine</p>\n </li>\n <li><p class=\"first-para\">Other Specialty Cider and Perry</p>\n </li>\n</ul>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. 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Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Beverages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33840"},"slug":"beverages","categoryId":33840},{"name":"Beer","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33843"},"slug":"beer","categoryId":33843}],"title":"Basic Conversions for Homebrewing","strippedTitle":"basic conversions for homebrewing","slug":"basic-conversions-for-homebrewing","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"In case you need the metric equivalents of basic measurements, keep this simple conversions guide close by when you’re brewing your own beer at home: Liquid Con","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"<p>In case you need the metric equivalents of basic measurements, keep this simple conversions guide close by when you’re brewing your own beer at home:</p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Liquid Conversions</th>\n<th>Mass Conversions</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 teaspoon (tsp.) = 5 milliliters</td>\n<td>1 ounce (oz.) = 28 grams</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 tablespoon (Tbsp.) = 15 milliliters</td>\n<td>1 pound (lb.) = 0.45 kilogram</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 ounce (oz.) = 29.6 milliliters</td>\n<td>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 cup (c.) = 237 milliliters</td>\n<td>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</table>","description":"<p>In case you need the metric equivalents of basic measurements, keep this simple conversions guide close by when you’re brewing your own beer at home:</p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Liquid Conversions</th>\n<th>Mass Conversions</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 teaspoon (tsp.) = 5 milliliters</td>\n<td>1 ounce (oz.) = 28 grams</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 tablespoon (Tbsp.) = 15 milliliters</td>\n<td>1 pound (lb.) = 0.45 kilogram</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 ounce (oz.) = 29.6 milliliters</td>\n<td>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 cup (c.) = 237 milliliters</td>\n<td>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</table>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10006,"name":"Marty Nachel","slug":"marty-nachel","description":" <p><b>Marty Nachel</b> has been involved in the craft beer industry for over 30 years as a homebrewer, homebrew supply shop owner, book author, professional beer judge, brewery salesperson, corporate beer trainer, and beer educator. 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Tap into beer basics, brew types, ingredients, recipes, pairings, tastings, and more.

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Beer Homebrewing For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 10-05-2022

When you’re brewing your own beer at home, get to know the abbreviated versions of homebrewing terms to help read your recipes and directions, keep a basic measurement conversion chart handy, and check out the hierarchy of beers chart so you know what category and type of beer you want to homebrew and possibly enter into competition.

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Beer Pairing Beer with Food

Article / Updated 07-26-2022

Although vintage wines and aged spirits can boast of a long companionship with haute cuisine, beer — until recently in some places — is often relegated to the backyard barbecue. But that’s wrong. Beer is only for thirst quenching as much as computers are only for number crunching and sports are only for boys. Get with it, folks; beer is for dining, too! Although it may have taken restaurateurs, gourmands, and culinary artistes forever to catch on to the concept of beer and food pairings, now that they have, it’s a hot ticket. And why not? Beer is considered the world’s most popular beverage, with craft beer increasing in popularity every day. After far too many years, the outlook for beer drinkers is rosé, or... rosy. Thanks to the enthusiasm of brewers, restaurateurs, and consumers of flavorful craft-brews, beer has reclaimed its rightful place on our dinner tables. Good craft-brewed beer can be much more interesting than wine. It’s cool and refreshing and, depending on the style, can be much richer, more complex, and more flavorful than wine. Plus, if you have an average person’s budget and capacity, you’ll find that tasting several different beers during a meal is preferable to tasting several different wines. Guessing at general guidelines Within the sometimes intimidating world of wine and food, even the neophytes can lean on the old red meat–red wine axiom in a pinch. But beer drinkers have no such axiomatic, general guideline to fall back on, because none exists. And few people have a good enough grasp on the various beer styles and flavor profiles to easily make choices. Actually, you’ll find it hard to go wrong when matching beer and food. What’s fun is trying to do better than not going wrong. Every kind of food, conceivably, has an appropriate beer to accompany it. The beauty of beer is in its versatility. You can usually find a beer style that’s a natural match for a given food. Beer even works better than wine with some dishes, such as especially spicy or sour ones. And slightly acidic beers are great foils for rich foods. Substituting beer for wine The lager beer category is the white wine equivalent. When compared with ales, lagers have the following characteristics: Generally lighter in body and color Narrower flavor profile and a high degree of drinkability (that is, tend to appeal to a wider audience) The ale category is the red wine equivalent. When compared with lagers, ales have these qualities: Typically darker Rounder, more robust and expressive Wider flavor profile and, thus, a lower drinkability (that is, tend to appeal to those with a more experienced beer palate) Just to keep you on your toes, keep in mind that these guidelines are really general — dark and full-bodied lagers exist just as surely as do light and mild ales. Next time you’re about to go grape out of habit, consider a brew instead. This table offers a few good ideas. Beer Substitutions for Wine Wine Suggested Beer Substitute Dry white wine Blonde Ale, Kölsch, or German Pils Dry red wine Fruit Lambic or Flanders Red Beer Champagne Light and spritzy Witbier, Lambic, or Berliner Weisse Brandy Spirituous Barleywine or Old Ale Port wine Intensely flavored Russian Imperial Stout Keep in mind that these suggested substitutions aren’t trading taste for taste but style for style. In other words, don’t expect the Imperial Stout to taste like a port wine; it’s simply serving the same enjoyable purpose as a rich and spirited after-dinner libation.

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Beer Unusual Beer Styles and Great Beer Brands to Try at Least Once

Article / Updated 05-04-2022

Most beer drinkers tend to drink just a couple different beer styles without straying too far off the beaten path. But to fully understand and appreciate the wider spectrum of beer styles, here are a few types of beers that every beer drinker should taste at least once: Belgian Fruit Lambic: Well-aged ale with surprising, effusive fruit aroma and taste; intoxicating fragrance Doppelbock: Strong, dark, and caramel-like Bock Beer with two times the flavor and body of Bock (doppel your pleasure, doppel your fun) Imperial Stout: Dark, rich, and creamy Stout with complex grain flavors; a brew to chew Rauchbier: Oktoberfest beer made with a portion of beechwood-smoked malt; delicious and unique but takes somewhat of an acquired taste (great with smoked cheese or sausage) Witbier: Perfumy Belgian Wheat Beer made with orange rind and coriander seed; like nothing else in the beer world Certain brands of beer have become synonymous with distinctly different flavor profiles. The following short list includes some of the more famous brands along with a couple others that are still cultivating a following. True beer lovers should taste all of them at least once. Guinness Stout (Ireland): Dark, dry, smooth, and roasty, with a creamy head; the perfect sipping pint Pilsner Urquell (Czech Republic): Crisp and hoppy with a touch of malty sweetness; the original, classic Pilsner beer Rodenbach Grand Cru (Belgium): Sharply sour but refreshing, with fresh fruity notes; beer masquerading as Burgundy wine Samichlaus (Austria): Incredibly malty-rich and spirited; a terrific tipple for the Christmas holidays Samuel Adams Utopias (United States): Throat-warming malt complexity with hints of oak, like no beer you’ve ever had; that’s why you sip it like a brandy

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Beer Beer For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 02-17-2022

Quality beer is widely available and relatively inexpensive, but choosing among all the various styles can be a little confusing without some help. A little beer knowledge can turn a daunting experience into an enjoyable one. Start with a list of handy beer descriptors, along with some great beer styles and brands to try. Then check out some pointers for buying, serving, tasting, evaluating, and dining with beer.

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Beer American Beer History through the 19th Century

Article / Updated 06-18-2019

The first beer brewed by American colonists was at Sir Walter Raleigh’s Roanoke colony in 1587. The beer must not have been very good, though, because Colonists continued to request shipments of beer from England. (Unfortunately, most of the ships’ consignments of beer were drunk on the transatlantic crossing by thirsty sailors.) And in 1609, colonists placed America’s first help-wanted ad in a London paper, asking for brewers to come to America. Rather than continue on to their destination in Virginia, the pilgrims on the Mayflower made their landing at Plymouth Rock for lack of beer. A December 19, 1620, entry in the diary of a Mayflower passenger tells the story: “We could not now take time for further search or consideration, our victuals being much spent, especially our beere.” Beer was far more healthful than the impure water sources available to American colonists. Dr. Benjamin Rush, a noted physician and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, wrote, “Beer is a wholesome liquor compared with spirits. It abounds with nourishment. . . . While I wish to see a law imposing the heaviest taxes on whiskey distilleries, I should be glad to see breweries wholly exempt from taxation.” (Amen!) Breweries in the New World were among the first businesses established. American breweries preexisted American government; some of the breweries’ staunchest supporters were also the leaders of the new nation. In colonial America, the alehouse was second only to the church in importance. Aside from being where the brewer plied his trade, the tavern also served as the unofficial town hall and the social and political focal point of every town. It was here that the townsfolk gathered to deliberate and debate, to socialize and share news and information with the community. To the colonists, the alehouses were cradles of liberty; while to the British, the alehouses were hotbeds of sedition. As early as 1768, the Sons of Liberty were holding meetings at the Liberty Tree Tavern in Providence; the Green Dragon Inn in Boston was called the headquarters for the revolution. George Washington made his headquarters at Fraunces Tavern in New York, where it still stands and serves beer, now in the heart of the financial district. Most of the early breweries were small, house-based operations. Traditional ingredients, hard to come by in the New World, were often replaced with maize, molasses, bran, persimmons, potatoes, spruce twigs, birch bark, ginger, and allspice. The first real brewery in the New World was founded in New Amsterdam (New York) in 1633. Boston’s first brewery debuted in 1637 and was a favorite among colonial leaders, who believed that beer was a moderate alternative to distilled spirits. The city of Philadelphia got its first brewery in 1685 (but made up for lost time, as Philadelphia has had more breweries in its history than any other U.S. city). This date is confirmed by an entry in the diary of William Penn, who was a brewer himself. Historians have studied Penn’s ledgers and concluded that he ran malt and brewhouses at his Pennsbury mansion in Pennsylvania’s Bucks County. As the United States became an instant magnet for people looking to start a new life, breweries opened as quickly as each ethnic enclave settled. Throughout the 1800s, most of the arrivals came from the beer belt countries of northern Europe (Ireland, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, the Netherlands — the majority of brewers were of Irish and German origin), and with them came the knowledge of brewing and an appreciation for the craft. In 1840, about 140 breweries were operating in the United States, at least 1 in each of the 13 original colonies. Annual output totaled about 200,000 barrels. The American brewing industry boasted as many as 1,400 breweries by 1914 and employed more than 75,000 people.

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Beer What's the Time Commitment for Beginner Homebrewers?

Article / Updated 06-06-2016

If you're interested in homebrewing, you're understandably concerned with how much time it takes to brew beer at home. In addition to the hands-on activities such as cooking and bottling, you also face a great deal of waiting around. Making beer at home requires patience. The hands-on part of the homebrewing process involves the Actual cooking of the wort (unfermented beer; rhymes with dirt) on the stovetop Fermentation (conversion of sugars to alcohol and CO2 by yeast) Aging (maturation) processes Bottling of the beer What most homebrewing beginners aren't aware of is the hands-off part of brewing — the stage when the brewer does nothing but wait patiently. This part not only constitutes the longest segment of the timeline, but it also represents a test of the brewer's patience and self-restraint. At the beginner level, you need at least two or three hours on brewing day to properly sanitize the equipment, brew and cool the wort, pitch the yeast (add it to your wort), seal the fermenter, and clean up whatever mess you made. You need to set aside the same amount of time on the day you bottle the beer. In between the brewing and bottling days, however, you face the little matter of fermentation. The yeast needs at least seven days to complete the fermentation cycle — sometimes more, depending on extenuating circumstances. You need do nothing more than wait patiently for the yeast to complete its task. Even after you've bottled your beer, you still need to wait patiently while your brew conditions in the bottles — two weeks is the recommended minimum length of this conditioning process. At the beginner level, if you brew on a Saturday your brewing timeline may look something like the following: 1. Brew day (S). Ferment the beer Su-M-T-W-Th-F. (That's 7 days.) 2. Bottle day (S). Condition the beer Su-M-T-W-Th-F-S-Su-M-T-W-Th-F. (That's 14 more days.) 3. Drink the beer! As you begin to employ different ingredients, equipment, and processes in your beer-making repertoire, expect the timeline to expand. Secondary fermentation (a helpful extra aging) adds another two weeks to the timeline, and advanced brewers, for example, may spend as many as eight to ten hours in a single day brewing their beer from grain. Homebrewing is a pursuit that requires a higher degree of dedication than, say, doing crossword puzzles in ink, but the rewards are considerable (and tasty!) In addition to personal gratification, quality homebrew can inspire a certain respect from your fellow brewers, awe in nonbrewers, and other intangibles that make all the effort worthwhile.

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Beer Understanding Malting and Mashing Barley for Homebrewing

Article / Updated 06-06-2016

Of the four main ingredients used in homebrewing beer (barley, hops, yeast, and water), barley makes the biggest contribution. Barley gives beer its color, underlying flavor, sweetness, body, head of foam, and mouthfeel. Barley also contributes the natural sugars that feed the yeast, which in turn converts the sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide during fermentation. Malting Before you can brew with barley, it must undergo a process known as malting. The malting process simulates the grain's natural germination cycle. Under closely monitored conditions, malting companies wet the barley kernels and allow them to sprout. As the seedlings begin sprouting, the starchy insides of the kernels (or endosperm) begin to change. This modification causes the hard, starchy endosperm to begin to break down into natural malt sugars (maltose) that brewers later liquefy, during the mashing process. One of the important features of this process is the production of the enzymes brewers later use in the mashing process. And the maltose sugars, along with proteins and dextrins, contribute the color, flavor, sweetness, body, mouthfeel, and foam in the beer. (Mouthfeel can be defined as the textural qualities of beer on your palate and in your throat — viscosity, or thickness; carbonation; alcohol warmth; and so on.) Only after the barley has undergone the malting process does it become malt, or barleymalt. Malted barley is an incredibly complete and convenient package, seemingly designed exclusively for brewing beer. Each grain kernel contains carbohydrates (which eventually convert to sugar), enzymes (which do the actual converting), proteins (which provide yeast nutrition, mouthfeel, and head stability), and a husk (which, when multiplied by thousands, acts as the perfect natural filter bed through which you can drain the unfermented beer). Very few commercial brewers — usually only the huge beer factories — do their own malting. Professional malting companies (also called maltsters) malt most of the grain for the brewing industry (including smaller commercial brewers and homebrew supply shops). Mashing In order to make beer from the malted grain, the starch within the kernels of malt must be made soluble. This liquefying process takes place during the mashing procedures in a vessel called a mash tun. The mashing process is where the natural enzymes found in grain break down the grain's starches; hot water then dissolves the starches so they leach out of the cracked grain. After you've rinsed all the malt sugars from the grain, you transfer the syrupy-sweet malt tea, called wort, over to the brew kettle, where you boil it. Homebrewers who make their beer with malt extract can avoid the mashing process altogether. Wort (rhymes with dirt) is the German word for unfermented beer. Some brewers also call wort green beer (and not just on St. Patrick's Day).

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Beer Homebrewing Problem: No Fermentation

Article / Updated 06-06-2016

Fermentation problems occur frequently to homebrewers, and a common one is that the would-be beer just never started fermenting. Before you pour your homebrew down the sink, make sure the process actually hasn't started — judging fermentation by the bubbles (or lack thereof) coming out of the airlock can sometimes be deceiving. Check for signs of fermentation: Look at the beer (if it's in a glass fermenter) or peek through the airlock hole in the lid (if it's in a plastic fermenter). Do you see any foam or a ring of brownish scum around the fermenter? If so, the beer is fermenting or has fermented. Use your hydrometer to check the gravity. The beer is typically done fermenting if the final gravity is 1/3 to 1/4 of the original gravity. For example: A 1.045 beer ferments down to 1.015 to 1.012 or below. If after 24 to 48 hours fermentation has truly not begun — or you're just not sure — try adding more yeast. (Situations like this one give you good reason to keep a packet of dry yeast in the fridge for emergencies.) If fermentation still hasn't begun after you add more yeast, you may have made one of the following mistakes: You didn't rinse the sanitizer from the fermenter. Sanitizer residue can kill yeast, too. Be mindful of sanitary practices — how or when the beer ferments doesn't mean a thing if you contaminate the whole batch in the process. You put the fermenter in a place that's too cold. Leave it at 64 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit for Ales. You used old or dead yeast. The yeast contained in ingredient kits is often so old that it's useless — always buy fresh yeast that has been kept refrigerated. You rehydrated the yeast improperly by using water that was too hot (more than 110 degrees Fahrenheit).Also, don't leave the yeast in the rehydration water too long; 30 minutes is plenty. You used good yeast but shocked it with sudden changes in temperature or by adding it to wort that was too cold (under 70 degrees Fahrenheit) or too hot (over 110 degrees Fahrenheit). (Wort is unfermented beer; rhymes with dirt.) You didn't use enough yeast. Pitch 10 to 15 grams of dry yeast, or use 1 package of ready-to-pitch liquid yeast per 5 gallons of beer. Slow-starting or stuck fermentations usually mean under-pitching of yeast, underaerated wort, or both. To correct these problems in the future, pitch a larger volume of yeast and make sure you properly aerate the wort before pitching. High-gravity worts (those with a specific gravity of 1.056 or higher) need even more yeast and aeration for proper fermentation.

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Beer Beer Style Guidelines Hierarchy

Article / Updated 03-26-2016

The following list has been compiled by the Beer Judge Certification Program and is used by the American Homebrewers Association for competitive purposes. This hierarchical list presents an overview of all the world's beer styles (along with Cider and Mead). All beers are categorized as Ale, Lager or Mixed Style; under each of these headings are listed all of the major beer styles (in capital letters) and their sub-styles. ALE ENGLISH PALE ALE Standard Ordinary Bitter Special / Best Bitter Extra Special / Strong Bitter SCOTTISH AND IRISH ALE Scottish Light 60 Scottish Heavy 70 Scottish Export 80 Irish Red Ale Scotch Strong Ale AMERICAN ALE American Pale Ale American Amber Ale American Brown Ale ENGLISH BROWN ALE Mild Southern English Brown Ale Northern English Brown Ale PORTER Brown Porter English Porter Baltic Porter STOUT Dry Stout Sweet Stout Oatmeal Stout Foreign Extra Stout American Stout Russian Imperial Stout INDIA PALE ALE English IPA American IPA Imperial IPA BELGIAN AND FRENCH ALE Witbier Belgian Pale Ale Saison Biere de Garde SOUR ALE Berliner Weisse Flanders Red Ale Straight (unblended) Lambic Gueuze Fruit Lambic BELGIAN STRONG ALE Belgian Blonde Ale Belgian Dubbel Belgian Tripel Belgian Golden Strong Ale Belgian Dark Strong Ale STRONG ALE Old Ale English Barley Wine American Barley Wine LAGER LIGHT LAGER Lite American Lager Standard American Lager Premium American Lager Munich Helles Dortmunder Export PILSENER German Pilsener (Pils) Bohemian Pilsener Classic American Pilsener EUROPEAN AMBER LAGER Vienna Lager Oktoberfest / Märzen DARK LAGER Dark American Lager Munich Dunkel Schwarzbier (black beer) BOCK Maibock / Helles Bock Traditional Bock Doppelbock Eisbock MIXED STYLE LIGHT HYBRID BEER Cream Ale Blonde Ale Kölsch American Wheat or Rye AMBER HYBRID BEER Northern German Altbier California Common Beer Dusseldorf Altbier GERMAN WHEAT AND RYE BEER Weizen / Weiss bier Dunkelweizen Weizenbock Roggenbier (Rye beer) FRUIT BEER SPICE / HERB / SPECIALTY BEER Spice / Herb / Vegetable beer Christmas / Winter / Specialty Spiced Beer SMOKE FLAVORED and WOOD AGED BEER Classic Rauchbier Other Smoked Beer Wood Aged Beer SPECIALTY BEER MEAD AND CIDER TRADITIONAL MEAD Dry Mead Semi-sweet Mead Sweet Mead MELOMEL (FRUIT MEAD) Cyser (apple Melomel) Pyment (grape Melomel) Other Fruit Melomel OTHER MEAD Metheglin (spiced Mead) Braggot (barley Mead) Open Category Mead STANDARD CIDER and PERRY Common Cider English Cider French Cider Common Perry Traditional Perry SPECIALTY CIDER and PERRY New England Cider Fruit Cider Apple Wine Other Specialty Cider and Perry

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Beer Basic Conversions for Homebrewing

Article / Updated 03-26-2016

In case you need the metric equivalents of basic measurements, keep this simple conversions guide close by when you’re brewing your own beer at home: Liquid Conversions Mass Conversions 1 teaspoon (tsp.) = 5 milliliters 1 ounce (oz.) = 28 grams 1 tablespoon (Tbsp.) = 15 milliliters 1 pound (lb.) = 0.45 kilogram 1 ounce (oz.) = 29.6 milliliters 1 cup (c.) = 237 milliliters

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