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Published:
March 14, 2014
Credit Repair Kit For Dummies, 4th Edition
Overview
Credit card debt is the third largest source of household indebtedness. Credit Repair Kit For Dummies gives you the tools you need to repair your credit. This new edition covers: major changes with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's (CFPB) inquiry into overdraft practices and their effect on consumers; dealing with the effect of tightened credit markets on those with good, marginal, or bad credit; best ways to recover from mortgage related score hits or minimize damage after walking away from a home; updated Vantage Score information; updated coverage on reporting programs like FICO Score watch, etc.; what makes a good FICO score today; a new section on significant others (boyfriend/girlfriend/spouse) and credit/debt sharing; Debt Relief Act in a mortgage meltdown situation; the latest tips and advice on dealing with identity theft and annoying collection calls; and more.
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The world of credit can be complex, unforgiving, and very expensive! Consumers need effective protection. The result is a series of laws, protections, and agencies whose purpose is to keep the credit game honest and give consumers a fair opportunity.
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) limits debt collectors’ activities and spells out your rights.
Credit Reports
Student loans are hard to live with and, for many, hard to live without! So how do you get the benefits you want and need without the risk of owing more than you can pay?
Know how student loans are reported
Most of the loans that are reported on your credit bureau files get reported just once. Student loans are an exception.
Having good credit is easy if you understand the rules. If you follow ten simple tips, you’re well on your way to the credit of your dreams. Stellar credit doesn’t happen overnight, but it doesn’t take forever. The most important thing to keep in mind is that if you never start, you’ll never get there. So get started on one of the most important journeys you are likely to take.
Credit Reports
Between misinformation, stress, and plain old denial, reading the writing on the wall can be difficult when you are or are soon to be in trouble with your mortgage. Lenders don’t make it any easier. Check out these tips for help.
Know when you’re in trouble
If you are late on a single payment, you can just make it up.
Building good credit takes time. Follow these tips to get a great credit score the first time around or, if you’ve made some mistakes, to recover in the shortest time possible.
Clean up your credit reports every year. Use the Annual Credit Report Request Service to access your report and dispute errors and out-of-date data to boost your score.
If your sweetheart has a less-than-glowing credit history, it begins to affect you as soon as you apply for credit together and open joint accounts. Why? Because the bank reviews both of your credit histories. You keep your own history, but your new joint accounts appear on both of your credit reports.
So if you’re concerned that your spouse may not be as diligent as you are in paying bills on time, paying the bills yourself is a good idea.
Credit Reports
If you decide that bankruptcy isn’t for you after you file your court papers, you can ask the court to dismiss your case before you get your discharge. For example, say you file a Chapter 7 and then find out that you have to give back that 3-carat diamond ring your sweetie gave you recently.
Or in the case of a Chapter 13, maybe you’ve been making payments and eating peanut butter for a month and can’t go on.
Credit Reports
Examining your credit reports closely is important because the reports may contain errors, and those errors can affect what interest rates you receive, what jobs or promotions you get, and how much you pay for insurance. You want to correct any erroneous, incomplete, or out-of-date information as quickly as possible.
Understanding and communicating with your spouse is critical in all aspects of married life, but especially when it comes to credit issues. All engaged couples should spend significant time discussing and exploring how they plan to handle their finances, what their credit looks like, how they’ll pay their bills, and what their long-term financial goals are.
Credit Reports
When you’re dealing with a debt collector, you may arrive at a sticking point and recognize that the person you’re speaking with doesn’t have the authority to do what you’re asking. Instead of stopping at that frustrating dead end, you’re better off tactfully suggesting that you’d like to take your situation to a higher authority who’s empowered to make decisions.
Credit Reports
Once you’ve determined the income for your spending plan, you need to calculate what’s going out — and where it’s going. Determining your monthly spending isn’t difficult, but for some people it requires a little digging.Many of your major expenses — mortgage or rent, credit card bills, utilities, car loans, and so on — hit monthly.
Hiring someone to monitor your credit or score without a specific purpose is an empty exercise. If you’re trying to get to a certain credit score so that you can make a large purchase like a home or a car, however, then a professional monitoring service makes more sense. Also, if you are a “credit worrier,” then a monitoring service may be right for you.
Credit Reports
A legitimate, certified credit counselor may offer just the help you need to get a handle on your financial problems. A nonprofit credit counseling agency serves as an objective party to help you see your financial situation without emotion. In addition, a trained and certified counselor may be able to offer you some credit education, personalized budgeting advice, and a custom-tailored plan to get you out of debt.
Credit Reports
You may be asking yourself if an attorney to help you with your credit problems can possibly be free or low-cost. The answer is yes, if that’s what you need. Notice the use of the word need, not want. If you can’t afford an attorney, free or very-low-cost services are available if you know where to find them.
The phrase pro bono comes from the Latin and means “for the public good.
Hiring a company to monitor your credit means that you give the company access to your credit reports. You may wonder just how this monitoring takes place. Each service provider has a series of programs that it runs against databases to which it has access (some have their own credit database but also buy access to others), looking for changes, updates, or patterns that indicate something may be amiss.
Credit Reports
When a creditor allows you to pay off your debt for less than you borrowed, you’re settling a debt. And because no one likes to lose money, settling a debt is rarely easy. Although you may not have stiffed the lender completely, your actions did result in a loss of profit for the company, which isn’t an incentive to do business with you in the future.
Credit Reports
Student loans can be a good or bad thing for your credit score. Because of the increasingly unaffordable price tag on higher education, many people have student loans. Student loans make a lot of sense to lenders: Although the person responsible for repayment may have no income at the time of the loan, the lender expects that good income is just around the corner.
No doubt about it: Getting into debt can get you into trouble. Although debt certainly has a downside, borrowing money can also do a great deal of good for your credit record.
How to achieve goals with the help of credit
Debt enables you to take advantage of those opportunities and experiences that enhance your life: that dream home with the white picket fence, the around-the-world cruise, the Ivy League education, and more.
Credit Reports
An unpaid charge-off often makes its way to a lawyer sooner or later and that can be very bad for your credit. A collection attorney may take your case to court, you may have a judgment entered against you, you’ll lose a day to court and incur additional legal expenses, and maybe, your wages will be garnished for up to 25 percent of your take-home pay.
Credit Reports
Credit plays a significant role when you’re looking for car insurance, renter’s insurance, or homeowner’s insurance. A thin credit file, inaccuracies in your credit reports, or just plain bad credit can hurt your chances for coverage, and insurance will likely cost you a small bundle.
Perhaps you already have blemished credit and think that being charged more for insurance before a fender’s ever dented or a window’s ever broken just adds insult to injury.
Credit Reports
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) is the key piece of legislation that regulates debt collectors. What do you do when a debt collector sends you a letter or calls to say how much he or she misses your payment? Whether you’re feeling helpless or angry, knowing the rules that apply is important — specifically, what collectors really can and can’t do.
Credit Reports
Insufficient information on your credit report can also cause trouble. Bad credit isn’t the only culprit. The best way to get positive information inserted into your credit report is to pay your creditors on time and in full every month. Do so for a year or more and you’ll make great strides in improving your credit history and your credit score.
Credit Reports
Depending on your stage of life, your primary budget and credit needs vary. The basic tools of planning your spending remain the same, but the emphasis of your plan shifts as you move to each new stage:
In your first job: Chances are you have big ideas and little money. At this stage, just establishing good habits, such as developing a spending plan and beginning a small savings program, is most important.
Not paying your bills on time may be what got you into a bad-credit situation in the first place. But making on-time payments for the amount agreed is the most important thing you can do to keep bad credit from getting worse.
Get organized
Nothing is quite as frustrating as getting hit with $35 late-payment fee on your credit card when you’re trying to cut expenses.
Credit Reports
Unfortunately, being new to the credit world leaves you vulnerable to abuse by people who know the rules better than you do. Abuses perpetuated on immigrants and credit newbies have been around forever and aren’t about to go away. Here are several that you’re likely to run into, along with some guidelines on how to handle them.
Most young people entering college or technical school have been brought up using their parents’ credit cards. They’d sooner be without their cellphones than do without a credit card. But after they cross that line from authorized son or daughter user to customer, they’re exposed to all the pluses and minuses of the credit industry.
Credit Reports
If you’re in trouble, try contacting the creditor to avoid collections altogether. When dealing with creditors, communication can be difficult because of the associated guilt, anger, and other emotions; basically, conflict is likely.
From your end of the phone line, the situation looks like this: You’re a responsible adult who has been a good customer for a long time.
Not all the credit bureaus have the same information in their files. So, for example, if you look at your Experian credit report, see an inaccuracy, follow the dispute process, and have it corrected, you may not be out of the woods. TransUnion or Equifax may have different inaccurate information. Therefore, you need to get all three reports to see which reports contain which false data.
Credit Reports
With any luck, the information on your credit reports is accurate. However, mistakes happen. The good news is that those mistakes don’t have to remain a part of your file.
Credit-reporting agencies are required to investigate all disputed listings. They must verify the item in question with the creditor at no cost to you, the consumer.
Credit Reports
The first step in creating a spending plan is to figure your income. Figuring out how much you earn in a year can be easy or tricky depending on how you’re paid. If you earn a regular salary or work a set number of hours per week, the task is easy — just multiply your regular pay by the number of pay periods in a year.
Credit Reports
When all is said and done and you’ve already taken the hit to your credit, you may still owe some money. If your home sells for less than the amount you still owe on the mortgage, plus fees, then you may have what’s called a deficiency balance.
For example, say you borrow $500,000 to purchase a home, but you fall behind on payments or walk away from the home, and the bank forecloses.
Credit Reports
Financing your car can help build your credit. Because of the very large price tags on most cars, most people require some financing in order to purchase one. Such financing typically comes in the form of a two- to five+-year installment loan.
Anyone lending you money to buy a car receives and reports credit bureau data.
Until a certain point in their lives, most people think of their kids or their home as the most expensive part of their credit and financial environment. Then they hit retirement. Retirement may not last as long as your kids or your home, but it does require more saving and planning. The sooner you begin to plan, save, and invest for your exit from the workforce, the better.
Credit Reports
Joining the military includes a review of your credit history. America owes a tremendous debt of gratitude to those who volunteer to defend this country and way of life. Not surprisingly, Americans take a dim view of those who take advantage of soldiers and sailors during their term of service. Here are some of the rules of engagement between the military and the financial-services sector.
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Home mortgage debt is different from all other types of debt and can be very complicated. You should seriously consider using a professional to make sure that you don’t make costly and damaging credit mistakes. Here are a few places to look for professionals:
HOPE NOW: This organization is an alliance among counselors, mortgage companies, investors, and other players.
Credit Reports
You will need to give some thought to how you plan to get and use credit after an identity theft. As with any theft, break-in, or personal attack, as a victim of identity theft you likely feel traumatized, fearful, and angry. You may want to avoid any experience with credit and borrowing in the future.
Recognize these feelings for what they are — feelings — and don’t give up altogether.
Falling behind on your mortgage payments can put you in a financial bind and, in the worst-case scenario, can lead to foreclosure. It’s essential to act quickly, even if you’re uncomfortable doing so. Fortunately, you do have options to help you if your mortgage is past due. Here are some ideas to consider:
Call your lender or mortgage servicer immediately if you’re going to be late with a payment.
Credit Reports
Many people with bad credit feel they have no other choice than to get a payday loan when in a bind. If you think payday loans are small time, think again. There are more than 20,000 payday lending storefronts in the U.S. (In comparison, there are about 14,000 McDonald’s restaurants in the U.S.)
Astronomical interest rates, predatory lenders, and unsuspecting people forever in debt: That’s generally what comes to mind when people think of payday loans.
Credit Reports
There are a ton of resources available to help you improve your credit with a spending plan. With computers and smart phones, tools to help you develop — and stick to — a spending plan could fill the shelves of most office-supply stores.
Not all budgeting tools have to be electronic to be cool or even useful. If you want a less technologically based approach to budgeting, here are some suggested tools to add to your budgeting kit:
Pencil: Lead, not ink, is the tool to use when developing a plan that you’ll be adjusting throughout the process.
Credit Reports
Owning a home and paying your mortgage can help build your credit in a few different ways. Credit grantors look at your credit report and credit score in order to rate your lendability, but they ultimately rely on you to be responsible for making the payments. Here’s where the three Cs of credit really show up: Character, collateral, and capacity are what credit scoring and lending are all about.
Credit Reports
Your credit report presents a financial snapshot of your life…so far. As your life changes, your credit report changes, too. If your life is filled with positives like a steady job, a good income, controlled expenses, and maybe even a partner, then your credit report should reflect that stability. If you have a reversal of fortune with a job loss and other eventualities, expect your credit to reflect that also.
Credit Reports
During the collections process, you come to some significant stopping points where unresolved matters take a turn for the worse. It’s important for you to know when you’ve reached these points, how important they are, and what comes next. Understanding how these actions work and what you can do about them may save you credit score points and money in the long run.
Credit Reports
IRS debts, student loans, and unpaid child support are in a special class of debts. If you’re trying to improve your credit, you need to understand that these debts aren’t dischargeable in a bankruptcy in most cases and must be paid.
IRS debts
An IRS debt can be one of the easiest debt situations to deal with.
Credit Reports
Talking to your creditors is hard, but talking to your sweetie about money may be even more daunting. Dealing with joint debt isn’t necessarily twice as difficult as dealing with debt alone — it can be 20 times harder! If you’re trying to keep your bad credit from getting worse and you have some joint debt, you may feel as though your situation is out of control.
Credit Reports
Few things are more frustrating than trying to remain financially stable and protecting your credit when you are staring at a stack of medical bills. When faced with a pile of medical bills, you have five main options:
You can work with the healthcare provider to pay the bills over time.
You can seek assistance from a patient advocate resource.
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When you and the collector agree that all the particulars of the debt are legitimate, it’s time for you to make an offer to resolve the obligation, whether the cause of the delinquency was an unintended error or unfortunate circumstances. You can make an offer for a period of time.
Say you owe $1,000. If you offer to pay $50 per pay period for the next 20 weeks, that plan may be acceptable.
Credit Reports
Okay, planning for the IRS may be like planning for the dentist, but pretax flossing and brushing make this unpleasant subject a lot easier to swallow. Without getting into Novocain-like numbing details, you’re better off if you look at this issue as an important component of your spending plan.
Why? Because if you owe tax money, if you’re counting on your tax refund to fill out your budget, or if you’re considering bankruptcy, then drilling down into this subject can save you from a financial toothache.
Credit Reports
Unfortunately, you may be faced with the prospect of a divorce, which can impact your credit and finances. If your financial life was challenging as a married couple sharing a common future, in divorce it may become even more so.
To add to the stress, you may find that some of your expenses increase as you separate into two households; for example, you may have two mortgage or rent payments every month.
Credit Reports
Falling prey to phishing scams can be devastating to your credit. Phishing occurs when a stranger pretending to be someone you trust (for example, a Facebook friend, a credit card company, or a representative of your bank) e-mails you and asks you to confirm critical information about your account — for example, by replying with your password or Social Security number.
Credit Reports
In the event of a divorce, you need to think seriously about your credit. When the judge rules in your divorce decree, be sure that all joint debts are clearly and specifically assigned and that both you and your ex understand that these debts must be paid on time. Close all remaining joint accounts by the date on which the divorce is granted.
The strict guidelines to qualify for filing a Chapter 7 bankruptcy mean that some people qualify only to file Chapter 13. The requirements for counseling and proof of income are the same for both types of bankruptcy. Although you must take the same means test, the outcome leads to different results.
Chapter 13 differs from Chapter 7 in that, after establishing your income and deducting allowable expenses, you must use the remainder of your excess monthly income to repay your debt.
Access to Chapter 7, the most popular form of personal bankruptcy in recent years, is restricted by the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005. Chapter 7 has been so popular because of its ability to get rid of debts and collectors. Under a Chapter 7, you receive relief from virtually all your debts and you get it fast — like the same day (unlike Chapter 13).
Credit Reports
Credit impacts two major and basic consumer credit instruments that most people need when they get started on life’s journey: credit cards and loans. You may think that you know how these instruments work, but things have changed because of regulations like the CARD Act and the financial meltdown that threatened banks with failure due in large part to lax underwriting standards.
Credit Reports
Whether your credit has taken a toxic hit from delinquencies or has been wiped out in a clear-cutting due to a bankruptcy, you can minimize ongoing damage and foster a recovery. Here are three suggestions to help speed your credit ecosystem’s revival and some tips to get you through the rough spots until your credit has healed.
Credit Reports
Your credit score is likely to suffer dramatically from a bankruptcy. The better your score originally, the more it drops. If you had terrible credit before, a filing may not cause such a big drop. Either way, you’ll likely have a very low credit score for a very long time unless you take positive action to improve it.
Credit Reports
If you’ve lost a spouse or partner, you’re already going through one of life’s most emotionally draining experiences. Your credit is probably the last thing on your mind. Unfortunately, in the midst of the often debilitating experience of losing a loved one, numerous financial matters surface, including credit and debt issues.
Credit Reports
The task of knowing what’s in your credit reports is a lot easier than some people may lead you to believe. But it does take a little time, some patience, and occasionally persistence. You don’t need to pay anyone to monitor your credit or send you hourly updates on what’s happening in your credit universe. You can do so on your own, and for free in most cases.
Credit Reports
May people find themselves in sticky situations with their credit and a stolen identity because of information taken from their computers. You need to safeguard your computer so that it doesn’t give up its secrets without a fight. Here are some computer-safety rules to consider:
Don’t leave your laptop out where it can be picked up.
Credit Reports
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) and its update, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, were put in place to ensure that anytime your record of credit use is reported to a credit bureau, the record is accurate, timely, fair, and private. The FACT Act applies not just the three big bureaus (Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion), but also to a large number of specialty consumer-reporting agencies.
Financial goals and planning help keep your credit ecosystem in balance. You want to set goals for life’s major credit-related financial milestones and then create a plan to reach those goals. Among your goals may be paying for college, buying a home, or purchasing a car.
Funding college
Unless you’re fortunate enough to have a trust fund, you and/or your parents may have to take out a student loan to pay for your higher education.
Credit Reports
Good credit score ranges (for example, a FICO score of 760 to 850) change over time as the history of the population changes. This refers to your personal history of using credit and paying bills.
During the aftermath of the most recent recession, the poor economy, high unemployment, and punishing defaults and foreclosures have caused a lot of people who had high scores to move much lower on the scoring ladder.
Credit Reports
Specialty reporting agencies, as the name implies, gather information for specific industries. They often gather more detailed information than the big-three credit bureaus do in areas such as gambling, checking accounts, medical claims, insurance, and rental and employment history.
If you’re being checked out because you’re applying for a loan, insuring your car, finding a new apartment, or being considered for a promotion at work, the person reviewing your application has the option to request a report from a specialty agency in addition to a traditional credit report from one of the big-three credit bureaus (Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion).
You need to protect your credit while unemployed. Many people lose their jobs, often more than once. But if you’ve established savings and you have some available credit, you have two tools to help get you through this time without damaging your credit or your employment prospects. You can put together a new plan that includes finding a new job and a budget that works while you do so.
Credit Reports
Getting a loan and raising your credit score by having someone cosign for you is a triple-edged sword. Cosigning means that another party (usually a person with better credit) signs alongside you to guarantee future payments if you default, drop dead, or are abducted by aliens.
As long as your lender reports to the bureaus, each time you make a payment on time and for the right amount, you and your cosigner both accumulate more positive items.
Credit Reports
Nowadays, you have expanded rights regarding access to your credit report, granting you more empowerment than any other time in the modern history of credit. The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act helps you get the facts about yourself straight and provides new tools to fight the growing crime of identity theft.
Credit Reports
The time may come that you are out of alternatives and can’t make a payment. How will this affect your credit? If you’re being foreclosed on, you still may have the option to talk to the servicer and try to work things out, buy more time to come up with a solution, or at least make a more dignified exit from your home.
As you consider bankruptcy, take into account: Can you do anything more to help meet your obligations? Do you have hope of finding a solution that’s acceptable to both you and your creditors? If you answered no to both questions, you’re on the right track in considering bankruptcy.
Before you make the final decision, review the following:
Be sure that bankruptcy will solve your financial crisis.
Credit Reports
Every state has a statute of limitations (SOL) that limits how long the courts can be used to collect a debt. After a debt is between 2 and 15 years old (depending on your state of residence) without a payment having been made, it becomes history as far as the law is concerned.
Check out your state’s SOL rules before speaking to collectors.
Credit Reports
Alarms, alerts and freezes can offer you extra credit protection. In one of the greatest Three Stooges clips, the lads put a bucket of water above a partially open door. When someone comes through the door, a big crash announces the intruder. You may not be able to set up buckets of water, but you do have access to an array of early warning tools.
Credit Reports
If you’re having trouble making your mortgage payments and your credit is in trouble, you may have a host of options to help you avoid the expense and upset of losing your home through a foreclosure. Even if you can’t or don’t want to keep your house, you can still lessen the damage to yourself, your family, and your credit by taking positive action.
Credit Reports
The law allows you to request an investigation of any information in your credit report that you believe is outdate, inaccurate, or incomplete. Check your credit report, and if you see information that looks unfamiliar or wrong, file a dispute letter with the credit bureau in question. Send your dispute letter by certified mail, return-receipt requested, so you can document the fact that the letter was mailed and received.
Credit Reports
Like anything in life, bankruptcy is neither all good nor all bad. However, it is a good idea to weight these bad and good aspects before making a decision. Take a look at bankruptcy’s benefits as well as the harsh reality of bankruptcy’s consequences.
The silver lining of filing bankruptcy
Here are some of the positives that bankruptcy can do for you:
You get a fresh start.
Credit Reports
When you get copies of your credit reports from Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion, you’re ready to walk through what can be, at times, a confusing landscape of codes and language that may seem as foreign as Swahili to you. Perhaps the best way to get a handle on how a credit report comes together is to take it apart, starting from the outside and working in.
Credit Reports
Because a lot of your credit score is based on using credit and making payments on time, it’s a good idea to use small purchases to get back into good standing quickly. Why does making small purchases work so well? Because each item costs less, more purchases are reported to the credit bureaus faster. If it costs more than $10, charge it (but pay it off each month!
If you receive a judgment and still don’t or can’t pay the debt, your employer may be court-ordered to garnish part of your paycheck to pay off your creditor. After the court orders a wage garnishment, certain rules must be followed as defined in the Consumer Credit Protection Act (CCPA). Remember that state law can take precedence over federal law, but only if the amounts allowed for garnishment are lower.
If you have credit problems, you will likely be contacted by a collector at some point. If a collector contacts you about a debt by phone, the collector has five working days to send you a written notification of the amount you owe and the name of the creditor that referred the debt to the collector.
The notice has to state that this is an attempt to collect a debt and that any information obtained will be used for that purpose.
The two major credit scoring models are FICO and VantageScore. The FICO score is better known, but VantageScore is gaining in usage every year. The components and weightings that are used to calculate credit scores are different for each model. Knowing how the scores are computed enables you to take actions to maximize your score.
Credit Reports
The Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure (CARD) Act of 2009 focuses on your protections from credit card industry practices that have been deemed to be either unfair or just plain tricky.
Among the key protections are easier-to-understand terms, fewer retroactive interest rate increases on existing card balances, more time to pay your monthly bills, more notice of changes to your credit card terms, and the right to opt out of many changes in terms on your accounts.
Repairing your credit can be a tough and often frustrating situation. While there are a number of services available to help you, there are some situations that don’t require outside help. Here are three credit situations that you can probably resolve on your own.
To solve any credit/debt problem, you need to
Identify the cause of the problem and resolve to fix it.
Credit Reports
Why doesn’t every creditor report your history to all three credit bureaus? Because every time your creditors send data on you to a bureau, they have to pay a fee. Some lenders don’t think that this is worth the expense. Others don’t see themselves as lenders. They may order a credit report before approving your loan or credit card application, but they want to save as much as they can.
Credit Reports
You may read different advice on who to call first when you believe your identity has been compromised or stolen. Some sources say to begin by reporting the crime to the police to establish a formal record, others suggest that you call your creditors, and still others say to notify the credit bureaus. Depending on your circumstances, begin in one of these two places:
If your existing bank or credit accounts have been compromised, call your bank or creditors first.
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