{"appState":{"pageLoadApiCallsStatus":true},"categoryState":{"relatedCategories":{"headers":{"timestamp":"2022-05-24T18:31:14+00:00"},"categoryId":33705,"data":{"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","image":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"parentCategory":{"categoryId":33689,"title":"Learning Languages","slug":"learning-languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"}},"childCategories":[],"description":"Habla español? We've got a mountain of content to help you master the basics, learn the expressions you'll hear in real life, and brush up on your advanced grammar and vocab.","relatedArticles":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles?category=33705&offset=0&size=5"}},"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"relatedCategoriesLoadedStatus":"success"},"listState":{"list":{"count":10,"total":189,"items":[{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:46:44+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-03-25T19:10:56+00:00","timestamp":"2022-03-26T00:01:04+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Intermediate Spanish For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"intermediate spanish for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"intermediate-spanish-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"As someone who has surpassed the beginning level of Spanish, you consider yourself rather proficient in the language and want to discover more. So, here you are, eager to jump up to a higher level and perfect your skills. That’s fantastic! You can use the following set of articles as a reference to help you practice and become a more proficient Spanish speaker.","description":"As someone who has surpassed the beginning level of Spanish, you consider yourself rather proficient in the language and want to discover more. So, here you are, eager to jump up to a higher level and perfect your skills. That’s fantastic! You can use the following set of articles as a reference to help you practice and become a more proficient Spanish speaker.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9002,"name":"Gail Stein","slug":"gail-stein","description":"","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9002"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209434,"title":"Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-verbs-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209434"}},{"articleId":209154,"title":"Spanish All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209154"}},{"articleId":208766,"title":"Spanish For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208766"}},{"articleId":208340,"title":"Spanish Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-grammar-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208340"}},{"articleId":207302,"title":"Creating Contractions with Articles in Spanish","slug":"creating-contractions-with-articles-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207302"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-623e57c096c00\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-623e57c097558\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":138967,"title":"Intermediate Spanish: Regular Verb Conjugation","slug":"intermediate-spanish-regular-verb-conjugation","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/138967"}},{"articleId":139087,"title":"Intermediate Spanish: High-Frequency Irregular Verbs","slug":"intermediate-spanish-high-frequency-irregular-verbs","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/139087"}},{"articleId":139084,"title":"Intermediate Spanish: Parts of Speech","slug":"intermediate-spanish-parts-of-speech","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/139084"}},{"articleId":139085,"title":"Intermediate Spanish: Forming Gerunds","slug":"intermediate-spanish-forming-gerunds","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/139085"}},{"articleId":139086,"title":"Intermediate Spanish: Forming Commands of Regular Verbs","slug":"intermediate-spanish-forming-commands-of-regular-verbs","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/139086"}},{"articleId":139088,"title":"Intermediate Spanish: Asking for Information","slug":"intermediate-spanish-asking-for-information","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/139088"}}],"content":[{"title":"Intermediate Spanish: Regular verb conjugation","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Verb conjugation is always a difficult part of learning a foreign language. Once you have determined the tense being used in Spanish, you use the information here to conjugate any regular verb. This information shows you how to conjugate the Spanish verb hablar (to speak).</p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Person</strong></td>\n<td>yo</td>\n<td>tú</td>\n<td>Èl,<br />\nella,<br />\nUd.</td>\n<td>nosotros</td>\n<td>vosotros</td>\n<td>ellos,<br />\nellas,<br />\nUds.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Present</strong></td>\n<td>hablo</td>\n<td>hablas</td>\n<td>habla</td>\n<td>hablamos</td>\n<td>habláis</td>\n<td>hablan</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Preterit</strong></td>\n<td>hablé</td>\n<td>hablaste</td>\n<td>habló</td>\n<td>hablamos</td>\n<td>hablasteis</td>\n<td>hablaron</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Imperfect</strong></td>\n<td>hablaba</td>\n<td>hablabas</td>\n<td>hablaba</td>\n<td>hablábamos</td>\n<td>hablábais</td>\n<td>hablaban</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Future</strong></td>\n<td>hablaré</td>\n<td>hablarás</td>\n<td>hablará</td>\n<td>hablaremos</td>\n<td>hablaréis</td>\n<td>hablarán</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Conditional</strong></td>\n<td>hablaría</td>\n<td>hablarías</td>\n<td>hablaría</td>\n<td>hablaríamos</td>\n<td>hablaríais</td>\n<td>hablarían</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Present<br />\n</strong><strong>Subjunctive</strong></td>\n<td>hable</td>\n<td>hables</td>\n<td>hable</td>\n<td>hablemos</td>\n<td>habléis</td>\n<td>hablen</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>The following information shows you how to conjugate the Spanish verbs beber (to drink) and subir (to go up).</p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Person</strong></td>\n<td>yo</td>\n<td>tú</td>\n<td>Èl,<br />\nella,<br />\nUd.</td>\n<td>nosotros</td>\n<td>vosotros</td>\n<td>ellos,<br />\nellas,<br />\nUds.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Present</strong></td>\n<td>bebo</td>\n<td>bebes</td>\n<td>bebe</td>\n<td>bebemos</td>\n<td>bebéis</td>\n<td>beben</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>subo</td>\n<td>subes</td>\n<td>sube</td>\n<td>subimos</td>\n<td>subís</td>\n<td>suben</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Preterit</strong></td>\n<td>bebí</td>\n<td>bebiste</td>\n<td>bebió</td>\n<td>bebimos</td>\n<td>bebisteis</td>\n<td>bebieron</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>subí</td>\n<td>subiste</td>\n<td>subió</td>\n<td>subimos</td>\n<td>subisteis</td>\n<td>subieron</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Imperfect</strong></td>\n<td>bebía</td>\n<td>bebías</td>\n<td>bebía</td>\n<td>bebíamos</td>\n<td>bebíais</td>\n<td>bebían</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>subía</td>\n<td>subías</td>\n<td>subía</td>\n<td>subíamos</td>\n<td>subíais</td>\n<td>subían</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Future</strong></td>\n<td>beberé</td>\n<td>beberás</td>\n<td>beberá</td>\n<td>beberemos</td>\n<td>beberéis</td>\n<td>beberán</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>subiré</td>\n<td>subirás</td>\n<td>subirá</td>\n<td>subiremos</td>\n<td>subiréis</td>\n<td>subirán</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Conditional</strong></td>\n<td>bebería</td>\n<td>beberías</td>\n<td>bebería</td>\n<td>beberíamos</td>\n<td>beberíais</td>\n<td>beberían</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>subiría</td>\n<td>subirías</td>\n<td>subiría</td>\n<td>subiríamos</td>\n<td>subiríais</td>\n<td>subirían</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Present<br />\n</strong><strong>Subjunctive</strong></td>\n<td>beba</td>\n<td>bebas</td>\n<td>beba</td>\n<td>bebamos</td>\n<td>bebáis</td>\n<td>beban</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>suba</td>\n<td>subas</td>\n<td>suba</td>\n<td>subamos</td>\n<td>subáis</td>\n<td>suban</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Intermediate Spanish: High-Frequency irregular verbs","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Learning to conjugate irregular verbs takes some practice when learning to speak Spanish. The following information gives you an introduction to some verbs that are used frequently and how to conjugate them in the present tense.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Infinitive</th>\n<th>yo</th>\n<th>tú</th>\n<th>él, ella, Ud.</th>\n<th>nosotros</th>\n<th>vosotros</th>\n<th>ellos, ellas, Uds.</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>dar (to give)</td>\n<td>doy</td>\n<td>das</td>\n<td>da</td>\n<td>damos</td>\n<td>dáis</td>\n<td>dan</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>decir (to say)</td>\n<td>digo</td>\n<td>dices</td>\n<td>dice</td>\n<td>decimos</td>\n<td>decís</td>\n<td>dicen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>estar (to be)</td>\n<td>estoy</td>\n<td>estás</td>\n<td>está</td>\n<td>estamos</td>\n<td>estáis</td>\n<td>están</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>hacer (to do)</td>\n<td>hago</td>\n<td>haces</td>\n<td>hace</td>\n<td>hacemos</td>\n<td>hacéis</td>\n<td>hacen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ir (to go)</td>\n<td>voy</td>\n<td>vas</td>\n<td>va</td>\n<td>vamos</td>\n<td>vais</td>\n<td>van</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>poder (to be able to)</td>\n<td>puedo</td>\n<td>puedes</td>\n<td>puede</td>\n<td>podemos</td>\n<td>podéis</td>\n<td>pueden</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>poner (to put)</td>\n<td>pongo</td>\n<td>pones</td>\n<td>pone</td>\n<td>ponemos</td>\n<td>ponéis</td>\n<td>ponen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>querer (to want)</td>\n<td>quiero</td>\n<td>quieres</td>\n<td>quiere</td>\n<td>queremos</td>\n<td>queréis</td>\n<td>quieren</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>saber (to know)</td>\n<td>sé</td>\n<td>sabes</td>\n<td>sabe</td>\n<td>sabemos</td>\n<td>sabéis</td>\n<td>saben</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ser (to be)</td>\n<td>soy</td>\n<td>eres</td>\n<td>es</td>\n<td>somos</td>\n<td>sois</td>\n<td>son</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>tener (to have)</td>\n<td>tengo</td>\n<td>tienes</td>\n<td>tiene</td>\n<td>tenemos</td>\n<td>tenéis</td>\n<td>tienen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>venir (to come)</td>\n<td>vengo</td>\n<td>vienes</td>\n<td>viene</td>\n<td>venimos</td>\n<td>venís</td>\n<td>vienen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ver (to see)</td>\n<td>veo</td>\n<td>ves</td>\n<td>ve</td>\n<td>vemos</td>\n<td>veis</td>\n<td>ven</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Intermediate Spanish: Parts of speech","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>You may be questioning why it’s so important to know your Spanish grammar. Can’t you just grab a dictionary when you want to find a word and move on? The answer would be “yes” if it were that simple a task. What many people fail to realize is that a Spanish word may have many applications depending on its usage in the sentence. So, it’s a good idea to familiarize yourself with these parts of speech.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">A noun is a part of speech that refers to a person, place, thing, quality, idea, or action.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">A verb is a part of speech that shows action or a state of being. A transitive verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning. An intransitive verb doesn’t have an object.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">A pronoun is a part of speech that replaces a noun.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">An adjective modifies a noun.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">A preposition shows the relation of a noun to some other word in the sentence.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Demonstrative pronouns express “this,” “that,” “these,” and “those.”</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">A subject pronoun is followed by the verb expressing the main action in the sentence. These pronouns include I, you, he, she, it, we, and they.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Possessive pronouns indicate that something belongs to a specific person (my, your, his, her, its, our, their).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Interrogative pronouns ask a question (who, which, what, and so on).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Direct object pronouns replace direct object nouns and answer who or what the subject is acting upon.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Indirect object pronouns replace indirect object nouns and explain to or for whom something is done.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Reflexive pronouns show that the subject is acting upon itself.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Intermediate Spanish: Forming gerunds","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>A gerund is a verb form ending in -ing that you sometimes use in the present progressive tense in Spanish. Although you’ve undoubtedly heard of the present tense, the present progressive is a tense that may be quite unfamiliar to you, even though you use it on a daily basis. Here are a few tips for forming gerunds in Spanish.</p>\n<p>Here are a few examples of forming gerunds of regular Spanish verbs.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Ending</th>\n<th>Verb Example</th>\n<th>Meaning</th>\n<th>Gerund</th>\n<th>Meaning</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-ar</td>\n<td>bailar</td>\n<td>to dance</td>\n<td>bailando</td>\n<td>dancing</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-er</td>\n<td>comer</td>\n<td>to eat</td>\n<td>comiendo</td>\n<td>eating</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-ir</td>\n<td>abrir</td>\n<td>to open</td>\n<td>abriendo</td>\n<td>opening</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>Now, check out how to form gerunds of -er or -ir verbs ending in a vowel.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Verb Example</th>\n<th>Meaning</th>\n<th>Gerund</th>\n<th>Meaning</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>caer</td>\n<td>to fall</td>\n<td>cayendo</td>\n<td>dancing</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leer</td>\n<td>to read</td>\n<td>leyendo</td>\n<td>reading</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>oír</td>\n<td>to hear</td>\n<td>oyendo</td>\n<td>hearing</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>traer</td>\n<td>to bring</td>\n<td>trayendo</td>\n<td>bringing</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Intermediate Spanish: Forming commands of regular verbs","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Forming commands is an important part of learning Spanish. Can you guess how many times you’ve had to give people directions to your home or to a restaurant? In all these situations, you’ve had to use the imperative, which is a fancy way of saying that you’ve given commands. Just like in English, the imperative isn’t a tense in Spanish because it doesn’t show time. It’s called a mood because it indicates the manner in which the action occurs.</p>\n<p class=\"Tip\">Remember that the subject of a command is understood to be you.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Person</th>\n<th>-ar Verbs</th>\n<th>-er Verbs</th>\n<th>-ir Verbs</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>mirar (to look [at], watch)</td>\n<td>correr (to run)</td>\n<td>partir (to leave)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ud.</td>\n<td>Mire. (Look.)</td>\n<td>Corra. (Run.)</td>\n<td>Parta. (Leave.)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>No mire. (Don’t look.)</td>\n<td>No corra. (Don’t run.)</td>\n<td>No parta. (Don’t leave.)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Uds.</td>\n<td>Miren. (Look.)</td>\n<td>Corran. (Run.)</td>\n<td>Partan. (Leave.)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>No miren. (Don’t look.)</td>\n<td>No corran. (Don’t run.)</td>\n<td>No partan. (Don’t leave.)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>tú</td>\n<td>Mira. (Look.)</td>\n<td>Corre. (Run.)</td>\n<td>Parte. (Leave.)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>No mires. (Don’t look.)</td>\n<td>No corras. (Don’t run.)</td>\n<td>No partas. (Don’t leave.)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>vosotros</td>\n<td>Mirad. (Look.)</td>\n<td>Corred. (Run.)</td>\n<td>Partid. (Leave.)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>No miréis. (Don’t look.)</td>\n<td>No corráis. (Don’t run.)</td>\n<td>No partáis. (Don’t leave.)</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Intermediate Spanish: Asking for information","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>If you plan on using you’re your newfound Spanish-speaking skills to visit a new place, you’ll likely need to know how to ask for information. When you want to ask for information in Spanish, you’ll more than likely use one of the following words/phrases:</p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>¿cuánto(s)? ¿cuánta(s)?</td>\n<td>How much/many?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"Normal1\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">¿</span></span>cómo?</td>\n<td>How?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>¿cuándo?</td>\n<td>When?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"Normal1\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">¿</span></span>dónde?</td>\n<td>Where?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"Normal1\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">¿</span></span>adónde?</td>\n<td>(To) where?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"Normal1\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">¿</span></span>por qué?</td>\n<td>Why? (for what reason)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"Normal1\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">¿</span></span>para qué?</td>\n<td>Why? (for what purpose)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"Normal1\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">¿</span></span>quién(es)?</td>\n<td>Who?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"Normal1\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">¿</span></span>a quién?</td>\n<td>(To) whom?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"Normal1\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">¿</span></span>de quién?</td>\n<td>Whose?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"Normal1\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">¿</span></span>cuál(es)?</td>\n<td>What? Which one(s)?</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>¿qué?</td>\n<td>What?</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-03-25T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207405},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T23:09:31+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-03-15T16:48:53+00:00","timestamp":"2022-03-15T18:01:09+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Ir (to Go)","strippedTitle":"conjugating the irregular spanish verb ir (to go)","slug":"conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-ir-to-go","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"The Spanish verb \"ir\" (to go) doesn’t follow most normal ending patterns, so your best bet is to just memorize its conjugations!","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like <b>i</b><b>r</b><b>,</b> you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to: <i>regular</i> (follows regular conjugation rules for <b>-ar, -er,</b> and <b>-ir</b> verbs), <i>stem-changing</i> (morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence), <i>spelling-changing</i> (has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules), or <i>reflexive</i> (reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence).\r\n\r\nBut then there are those verbs that refuse to be lumped into a category: the irregulars. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-ser-to-be/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ser</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-tener-to-have/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tener</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-spanish-verb-dormir-to-sleep/\">dormir</a>, and <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-hacer-to-domake/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hacer</a>. <b>Ir </b><i>(</i><i>eer</i><i>)</i> (to go) is the ultimate irregular <b>-</b><b>ir</b> verb; that’s all it is, <i>i </i>and <i>r</i><i>!</i><i> </i>It doesn’t follow most normal ending patterns, so your best bet is to just memorize its conjugations. Here it is in the present tense:\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >The Present Tense of <b>Ir</b></h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo voy</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú vas</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>(informal)</b> <b></b><b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno va</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>goes</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted va</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros vamos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros váis</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>all (informal)</b> <b></b><b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas van</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes van</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following examples show you <b>i</b><b>r</b> in action:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Nosotros vamos al teatro a veces. </b>(We go to the theater sometimes.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Mi madre va al supermercado ahora.</b> (My mother is going to the supermarket now.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nThe following table shows you <b>ir </b>in the preterit tense. Think you’ve seen these conjugations before? You probably have; it just so happens that they’re also the preterit forms of the verb <b>ser </b>(to be). It may be confusing, but look on the bright side: It’s one fewer set of verbs you have to memorize.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >The Preterit Tense of <b>Ir</b></h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo fui</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú fuiste</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal)</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno fue</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted fue</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros fuimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros fuisteis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal)</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas fueron</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes fueron</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nYou use the preterit tense like this:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Los turistas fueron al museo.</b> (The tourists went to the museum.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Fueron ustedes al baile?</b> (Did you go to the dance?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<b>Ir </b>is one of only three irregular imperfect verbs. Here’s that conjugation; notice that, like regular verbs, the first-person and third-person singular forms (<b>yo </b>and<b> usted</b>) are the same.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >The Imperfect Tense of <b>Ir</b></h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo iba</td>\r\n<td><b>I used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú ibas</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno iba</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted iba</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros íbamos</td>\r\n<td><b>We used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros ibais</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas iban</td>\r\n<td><b>They used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes iban</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nHere are some examples of the imperfect tense:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Yo iba a Europa cada año.</b> (I used to go to Europe every year.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>Nosotros íbamos a Chicago.</b> (We used to go to Chicago.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nGood news! <b>Ir </b>is regular in the future tense, so you can apply the regular verb endings here.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >The Future Tense of <b>Ir</b></h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo iré</td>\r\n<td><b>I will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú irás</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno irá</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted irá</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros iremos</td>\r\n<td><b>We will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros iréis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas irán</td>\r\n<td><b>They will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes irán</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following samples put the future tense to work:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Nosotros iremos a Orlando. </b>(We will go to Orlando.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>Yo iré a tu casa esta tarde.</b> (I will go to your house this afternoon.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","description":"Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like <b>i</b><b>r</b><b>,</b> you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to: <i>regular</i> (follows regular conjugation rules for <b>-ar, -er,</b> and <b>-ir</b> verbs), <i>stem-changing</i> (morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence), <i>spelling-changing</i> (has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules), or <i>reflexive</i> (reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence).\r\n\r\nBut then there are those verbs that refuse to be lumped into a category: the irregulars. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-ser-to-be/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ser</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-tener-to-have/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tener</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-spanish-verb-dormir-to-sleep/\">dormir</a>, and <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-hacer-to-domake/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hacer</a>. <b>Ir </b><i>(</i><i>eer</i><i>)</i> (to go) is the ultimate irregular <b>-</b><b>ir</b> verb; that’s all it is, <i>i </i>and <i>r</i><i>!</i><i> </i>It doesn’t follow most normal ending patterns, so your best bet is to just memorize its conjugations. Here it is in the present tense:\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >The Present Tense of <b>Ir</b></h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo voy</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú vas</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>(informal)</b> <b></b><b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno va</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>goes</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted va</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros vamos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros váis</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>all (informal)</b> <b></b><b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas van</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes van</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following examples show you <b>i</b><b>r</b> in action:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Nosotros vamos al teatro a veces. </b>(We go to the theater sometimes.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Mi madre va al supermercado ahora.</b> (My mother is going to the supermarket now.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nThe following table shows you <b>ir </b>in the preterit tense. Think you’ve seen these conjugations before? You probably have; it just so happens that they’re also the preterit forms of the verb <b>ser </b>(to be). It may be confusing, but look on the bright side: It’s one fewer set of verbs you have to memorize.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >The Preterit Tense of <b>Ir</b></h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo fui</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú fuiste</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal)</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno fue</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted fue</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros fuimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros fuisteis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal)</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas fueron</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes fueron</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>went</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nYou use the preterit tense like this:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Los turistas fueron al museo.</b> (The tourists went to the museum.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Fueron ustedes al baile?</b> (Did you go to the dance?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<b>Ir </b>is one of only three irregular imperfect verbs. Here’s that conjugation; notice that, like regular verbs, the first-person and third-person singular forms (<b>yo </b>and<b> usted</b>) are the same.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >The Imperfect Tense of <b>Ir</b></h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo iba</td>\r\n<td><b>I used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú ibas</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno iba</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted iba</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros íbamos</td>\r\n<td><b>We used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros ibais</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas iban</td>\r\n<td><b>They used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes iban</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) used to</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nHere are some examples of the imperfect tense:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Yo iba a Europa cada año.</b> (I used to go to Europe every year.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>Nosotros íbamos a Chicago.</b> (We used to go to Chicago.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nGood news! <b>Ir </b>is regular in the future tense, so you can apply the regular verb endings here.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >The Future Tense of <b>Ir</b></h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo iré</td>\r\n<td><b>I will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú irás</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno irá</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted irá</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros iremos</td>\r\n<td><b>We will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros iréis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas irán</td>\r\n<td><b>They will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes irán</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) will</b> <b>go</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following samples put the future tense to work:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Nosotros iremos a Orlando. </b>(We will go to Orlando.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>Yo iré a tu casa esta tarde.</b> (I will go to your house this afternoon.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"The Present Tense of Ir","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"The Preterit Tense of Ir","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"The Imperfect Tense of Ir","target":"#tab3"},{"label":"The Future Tense of Ir","target":"#tab4"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209434,"title":"Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat 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Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Spanish Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"spanish grammar for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"spanish-grammar-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This article covers the basics of Spanish grammar to help you write grammatically correct sentences in the present tense.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Spanish grammar covers a lot of territory. To start writing grammatically correct sentences in the present tense, you need to know about masculine and feminine nouns, adjectives, and regular verbs in Spanish.","description":"Spanish grammar covers a lot of territory. To start writing grammatically correct sentences in the present tense, you need to know about masculine and feminine nouns, adjectives, and regular verbs in Spanish.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9996,"name":"Cecie Kraynak","slug":"cecie-kraynak","description":"Cecie Kraynak, MA, is a Spanish teacher, ESL coordinator, and author or editor of numerous Spanish books, including Spanish For Dummies. 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She has taught and tutored Spanish at the junior high school and college levels for more than 25 years.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9996,"name":"Cecie Kraynak","slug":"cecie-kraynak","description":"Cecie Kraynak, MA, is a Spanish teacher, ESL coordinator, and author or editor of numerous Spanish books, including Spanish For Dummies. She has taught and tutored Spanish at the junior high school and college levels for more than 25 years.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9996"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118023808&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6219196853374\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118023808&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6219196853d39\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":177220,"title":"Telling a Masculine Noun from a Feminine Noun in Spanish","slug":"telling-a-masculine-noun-from-a-feminine-noun-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/177220"}},{"articleId":177224,"title":"Making Spanish Adjectives Agree with the Nouns They Modify","slug":"making-spanish-adjectives-agree-with-the-nouns-they-modify","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/177224"}},{"articleId":177225,"title":"Conjugating Regular Spanish Verbs in the Present Tense","slug":"conjugating-regular-spanish-verbs-in-the-present-tense","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/177225"}}],"content":[{"title":"Telling a masculine noun from a feminine noun in Spanish ","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<div id=\"article-content-wrapper\" data-v-89b5964a=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<article class=\"article-content\" data-v-89b5964a=\"\" data-testid=\"articleContent\">In Spanish grammar, you need to be able to distinguish a noun’s gender (either masculine or feminine) so that you can use the correct gender of any article or adjective that describes it. You can follow some simple guidelines to help you identify a Spanish noun’s gender.</p>\n<p>Masculine nouns include the following:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Most nouns that end in <b>-o,</b> such as <b>año</b> (<i>year</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Nouns that identify males, such as <b>tío</b> (<i>uncle</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Nouns that end in <b>-aje</b> or <b>-ambre,</b> such as <b>equipaje</b> (<i>luggage</i>)<b> </b>and<b> alambre</b> (<i>wire</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Certain nouns that end in <b>-or</b> or <b>-án</b>, such as <b>amor</b> (<i>love</i>) and <b>champán </b>(<i>champagne</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Nouns that end in <b>-ama, -ema, -oma, -ma,</b> or <b>-ía,</b> such as <b>programa</b> (<i>program</i>) and<b> dilema</b> (<i>dilemma</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Days of the week and months of the year</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Colors used as nouns</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Names of languages, rivers, seas, and oceans</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Compound nouns that consist of noun-verb combinations and that usually end in <b>-s,</b> such as <b>abrelatas</b> (<i>can</i> <i>opener</i>)</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Feminine nouns include the following:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Most nouns that end in <b>-a,</b> such as <b>ensalada</b> (<i>salad</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Nouns that identify females, such as <b>hija</b> (<i>daughter</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Nouns that end in <b>-dad</b> or <b>-tad, </b>such as <b>ciudad</b> (<i>city</i>) and <b>libertad</b> (<i>liberty</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Nouns that end in <b>-ie, -eza, -sis,</b> or <b>-itis,</b> such as <b>especie</b> (<i>species</i>), <b>riqueza</b> (<i>richness</i>), <b>tesis</b> (<i>thesis</i>), and <b>sinusitis</b> (<i>sinusitis</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Nouns that end in <b>-ción,</b> <b>-sión, -tud,</b> or <b>-umbre,</b> such as <b>canción</b> (<i>song</i>) and <b>misión</b> (<i>mission</i>)</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</article>\n</div>\n<div class=\"about-article-section\" data-v-2c35db38=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<h2 class=\"h3 section-title\" data-v-2c35db38=\"\" data-testid=\"aboutArticleHead\"></h2>\n</div>\n"},{"title":"Making Spanish adjectives agree with the nouns they modify ","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<div id=\"article-content-wrapper\" data-v-89b5964a=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<article class=\"article-content\" data-v-89b5964a=\"\" data-testid=\"articleContent\">In Spanish grammar, adjectives have to agree with the nouns they modify in both gender and number, no matter what:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Gender: </b>If a noun is feminine, like <b>la muchacha</b> (<i>the girl</i>), the adjective must be feminine, too. For example, to talk about a tall girl, you’d say <b>la muchacha</b> <b>alta </b>(<i>the </i><i>tall</i><i> girl</i>). If the girl has a brother who’s also tall, you’d say <b>el muchacho alto </b>(<i>the tall boy</i>).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Number: </b>If a noun is plural, the adjective must also be plural. For example, to describe a group of tall girls, you’d say <b>las muchachas altas.</b> To describe a group of tall boys, you’d say <b>los muchachos altos.</b> Similarly, if a noun is singular, the adjective must be singular, too (see the preceding bullet for examples).</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Following are some general rules about making adjectives agree with the nouns they modify:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Like nouns, most adjectives follow the general rule that masculine adjectives end in <b>-o</b> and pluralize with <b>-s</b> and feminine adjectives end in <b>-a</b> and pluralize with <b>-s.</b></p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Adjectives that end in a consonant, <b>-e,</b> or <b>-ista</b> usually don’t have masculine and feminine forms, but they do have singular and plural forms. To make an adjective that ends in <b>-e</b> or <b>-ista</b> plural, simply add <b>-s.</b> To make an adjective that ends in a consonant plural, add <b>-es.</b></p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">With some adjectives that end in <b>-dor, -ón, </b>or<b> -án</b>, you add <b>-a</b> to form the feminine, <b>-es</b> to form the masculine plural, and <b>-as</b> to form the feminine plural.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Here are a few more examples of adjectives that agree with the nouns they modify in both gender and number:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>un examen difícil</b> (<i>a difficult exam</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>una chica inteligente</b> (<i>a smart girl</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>unos peces caros</b> (<i>some expensive fish</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>unas reglas importantes</b> (<i>some important rules</i>)</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</article>\n</div>\n<div class=\"about-article-section\" data-v-2c35db38=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<h2 class=\"h3 section-title\" data-v-2c35db38=\"\" data-testid=\"aboutArticleHead\"></h2>\n</div>\n"},{"title":"Conjugating regular Spanish verbs in the present tense ","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<div id=\"article-content-wrapper\" data-v-89b5964a=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<article class=\"article-content\" data-v-89b5964a=\"\" data-testid=\"articleContent\">In Spanish grammar, as in English, you conjugate verbs to reflect the tense (when the action occurred, is occurring, or will occur) and to agree with the subject in person and number. To conjugate regular Spanish verbs ending in <b>&#8211;</b><b>ar, </b><b>&#8211;</b><b>er,</b> or <b>&#8211;</b><b>ir</b> in the present tense, you drop the ending and add endings to specify the subject (in person and number) that’s performing the action. Here’s what those endings look like:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Verb Infinitive Ending</th>\n<th>Present Tense Endings</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>-ar</b></td>\n<td><b>-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>-er</b></td>\n<td><b>-o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>-ir</b></td>\n<td><b>-o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en</b></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>Here’s a conjugation chart for a regular <b>&#8211;</b><b>ar</b> verb conjugated in the present tense:</p>\n<table>\n<caption><b>cantar</b> (<i>to sing</i>)</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>yo <b>canto</b></td>\n<td>nosotros/nosotras <b>cantamos</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>tú <b>cantas</b></td>\n<td>vosotros/vosotras <b>cantáis</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>él/ella/usted <b>canta</b></td>\n<td>ellos/ellas/ustedes <b>cantan</b></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>Here’s a conjugation chart for a regular <b>-e</b><b>r</b> verb conjugated in the present tense:</p>\n<table>\n<caption><b>beber</b> (<i>to drink</i>)</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>yo <b>bebo</b></td>\n<td>nosotros/nosotras <b>bebemos</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>tú <b>bebes</b></td>\n<td>vosotros/vosotras <b>bebéis</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>él/ella/usted <b>bebe</b></td>\n<td>ellos/ellas/ustedes <b>beben</b></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>Here’s a conjugation chart for a regular <b>-i</b><b>r</b> verb conjugated in the present tense:</p>\n<table>\n<caption><b>vivir</b> (<i>to live</i>)</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>yo <b>vivo</b></td>\n<td>nosotros/nosotras <b>vivimos</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>tú <b>vives</b></td>\n<td>vosotros/vosotras <b>vivís</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>él/ella/usted <b>vive</b></td>\n<td>ellos/ellas/ustedes <b>viven</b></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n</article>\n</div>\n<div class=\"about-article-section\" data-v-2c35db38=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<h2 class=\"h3 section-title\" data-v-2c35db38=\"\" data-testid=\"aboutArticleHead\"></h2>\n</div>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-02-25T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208340},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:56:52+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-02-14T21:59:46+00:00","timestamp":"2022-02-24T17:07:32+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Spanish All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"spanish all-in-one for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Keep this Cheat Sheet handy for learning Spanish, including conjugating verbs, asking questions, the alphabet, subject pronouns, and more.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Spanish is a language that requires verb conjugation according to the person you’re speaking to and speaking about, so starting with present and past participles and the range of subject pronouns, you can talk about doing things all day long — and all day yesterday as well. In learning any language, the ABCs come in handy as does the proper form for all the questions you’ll be asking.","description":"Spanish is a language that requires verb conjugation according to the person you’re speaking to and speaking about, so starting with present and past participles and the range of subject pronouns, you can talk about doing things all day long — and all day yesterday as well. In learning any language, the ABCs come in handy as does the proper form for all the questions you’ll be asking.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":8947,"name":"The Experts at Dummies","slug":"the-experts-at-dummies","description":"The Experts at Dummies are smart, friendly people who make learning easy by taking a not-so-serious approach to serious stuff.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/8947"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":193351,"title":"How to Conjugate Regular Spanish 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Spanish","slug":"creating-contractions-with-articles-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207302"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282591,"slug":"spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies","isbn":"9780470462447","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0470462442/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/0470462442/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/0470462442-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0470462442/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/0470462442/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies-cover-9780470462447-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Spanish 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Forming present and past participles in Spanish lets you talk in active present tense to say, “I’m dancing,” and about what you did last night: “I danced!” The following tables show you how to form present and past participles for regular Spanish verbs ending in –ar, –er, and –ir.</p>\n<table>\n<caption>Forming Present Participles in Spanish</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Ending</th>\n<th>Verb Example</th>\n<th>Meaning</th>\n<th>Participle</th>\n<th>Meaning</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-ar</td>\n<td>bailar</td>\n<td>to dance</td>\n<td>bailando</td>\n<td>dancing</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-er</td>\n<td>comer</td>\n<td>to eat</td>\n<td>comiendo</td>\n<td>eating</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-ir</td>\n<td>subir</td>\n<td>to go up</td>\n<td>subiendo</td>\n<td>going up</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table>\n<caption>Forming <b></b>Past <b></b>Participles <b></b>in <b></b>Spanish</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Ending</th>\n<th>Verb Example</th>\n<th>Meaning</th>\n<th>Participle</th>\n<th>Meaning</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-ar</td>\n<td>bailar</td>\n<td>to dance</td>\n<td>bailado</td>\n<td>danced</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-er</td>\n<td>comer</td>\n<td>to eat</td>\n<td>comido</td>\n<td>eaten</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-ir</td>\n<td>subir</td>\n<td>to go up</td>\n<td>subido</td>\n<td>gone up</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"How to conjugate regular Spanish verbs","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>As in almost every language, in Spanish you have to conjugate verbs because you use a different form of the verb depending upon who you’re talking to, who you’re talking about, and when the action took place. Conjugating verbs in Spanish means giving them different endings. The following tables show the endings to change (they’re in <b>boldface</b>) for regular verbs ending in –ar and regular verbs ending in –er and –ir.</p>\n<table>\n<caption>-ar Verbs: hablar (to speak)</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Person</td>\n<td>Present</td>\n<td>Preterit</td>\n<td>Imperfect</td>\n<td>Future</td>\n<td>Conditional</td>\n<td>Present Subjunctive</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>yo</td>\n<td>hablo</td>\n<td>hablé</td>\n<td>hablaba</td>\n<td>hablaré</td>\n<td>hablaría</td>\n<td>hable</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>tú</td>\n<td>hablas</td>\n<td>hablaste</td>\n<td>hablabas</td>\n<td>hablarás</td>\n<td>hablarías</td>\n<td>hables</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>él, ella, Ud.</td>\n<td>habla</td>\n<td>habló</td>\n<td>hablaba</td>\n<td>hablará</td>\n<td>hablaría</td>\n<td>hable</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>nosotros</td>\n<td>hablamos</td>\n<td>hablamos</td>\n<td>hablábamos</td>\n<td>hablaremos</td>\n<td>hablaríamos</td>\n<td>hablemos</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>vosotros</td>\n<td>habláis</td>\n<td>hablasteis</td>\n<td>hablábais</td>\n<td>hablaréis</td>\n<td>hablaríais</td>\n<td>habléis</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ellos, ellas, Uds.</td>\n<td>hablan</td>\n<td>hablaron</td>\n<td>hablaban</td>\n<td>hablarán</td>\n<td>hablarían</td>\n<td>hablen</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table>\n<caption>-er and -ir Verbs: beber (to drink) and subir (to go up)</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Person</td>\n<td>Present</td>\n<td>Preterit</td>\n<td>Imperfect</td>\n<td>Future</td>\n<td>Conditional</td>\n<td>Present Subjunctive</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>yo</td>\n<td>beb<b>o</b> <b></b><b>
</b>sub<b>o</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>’</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>í</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>’a</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>ía</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>Ž</b> <b>
</b>subir<b>é</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>’a</b> <b>
</b>subir<b>ía</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>a</b> <b></b>
sub<b>a</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>tú</td>\n<td>beb<b>es</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>es</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>iste</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>iste</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>ías</b><br />\n<b></b><b>
</b>sub<b>’as</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>ás</b><br />\n<b></b><b>
</b>subir<b>‡s</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>’as</b> <b>
</b>subir<b>ías</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>as</b> 
subas</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>él, ella, Ud.</td>\n<td>beb<b>e</b> <b></b><b>
</b>sub<b>e</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>ió</b> <b></b><b>
</b>sub<b>i—</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>ía</b> <b></b><b>
</b>sub<b>’a</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>á</b><br />\n<b></b><b>
</b>subir<b>‡</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>ía</b><br />\n<b></b><b>
</b>subir<b>’a</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>a</b> <b></b>
sub<b>a</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>nosotros</td>\n<td>beb<b>emos</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>imos</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>imos</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>imos</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>’amos</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>íamos</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>emos</b> <b>
</b>subir<b>emos</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>’amos</b><br />\n<b>
</b>subir<b>íamos</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>amos</b> 
sub<b>amos</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>vosotros</td>\n<td>beb<b>Žis</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>ís</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>isteis</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>is</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>’ais</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>íais</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>Žis</b> <b>
</b>subir<b>éis</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>’ais</b><br />\n<b>
</b>subir<b>íais</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>‡is</b> 
sub<b>áis</b></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ellos, ellas, Uds.</td>\n<td>beb<b>en</b> <b></b><b>
</b>sub<b>en</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>ieron</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>ieron</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>’an</b> <b>
</b>sub<b>’an</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>án</b><br />\n<b></b><b>
</b>subir<b>‡n</b></td>\n<td>beber<b>ían</b><br />\n<b></b><b>
</b>subir<b>’an</b></td>\n<td>beb<b>an</b> 
sub<b>an</b></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"How to ask questions in Spanish","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When you’re trying to master a new language such as Spanish, you have a lot of questions. Plus, you need question words if you just want to ask for general information. The following table lists the questions you’re likely use:</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/183425.image0.jpg\" alt=\"List of questions in Spanish and English.\" width=\"310\" height=\"500\" /></p>\n"},{"title":"Spanish subject pronouns","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Pronouns are very helpful words you use so that you don’t have to keep saying a person’s name over and over. Remember that Spanish has different pronouns for someone you know well — the familiar form — and for more formal relationships. The following table lists singular and plural pronouns for all occasions.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Person</th>\n<th>Singular</th>\n<th>Plural</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>First person</b></td>\n<td>yo = I</td>\n<td>nosotros = we (male or mixed group)<br />\nnosotras= we (female)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Second person familiar</b></td>\n<td>tú = you</td>\n<td>vosotros = you (male or mixed group)<br />\nvosotras = you (female)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Second person formal</b></td>\n<td>usted = you</td>\n<td>ustedes = you (plural)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Third person</b></td>\n<td>él = he<br />\nella = she</td>\n<td>ellos= they (male or mixed group)<br />\nellas= they (female)</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"The Spanish alphabet","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The alphabet is the building block of any language, Spanish included. The following table goes through the pronunciation of each of the 27 letters of the Spanish alphabet, which is the same as the English ABCs except for the extra ñ:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>a (ah)</td>\n<td>b (bveh)</td>\n<td>c (seh)</td>\n<td>d (deh)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>e (eh)</td>\n<td>f (eh-feh)</td>\n<td>g (Heh)</td>\n<td>h (ah-cheh)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>i (ee)</td>\n<td>j (Hoh-tah)</td>\n<td>k (kah)</td>\n<td>l (eh-leh)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>m (eh-meh)</td>\n<td>n (eh-neh)</td>\n<td>ñ (eh-nyeh)</td>\n<td>o (oh)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>p (peh)</td>\n<td>q (koo)</td>\n<td>r (eh-reh)</td>\n<td>s (eh-seh)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>t (teh)</td>\n<td>u (oo)</td>\n<td>v (bveh)</td>\n<td>w (doh-bvleh bveh/doh-bvleh oo)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>x (eh-kees)</td>\n<td>y (ee gree eh-gah)</td>\n<td>z (seh-tah)</td>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-02-14T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":209154},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:58:24+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-02-04T14:26:55+00:00","timestamp":"2022-02-24T17:07:30+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"spanish verbs for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"spanish-verbs-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This handy Cheat Sheet is a great reference tool for Spanish verbs, including simple tenses, past and present participles, and more.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Spanish verbs are generally easier to deal with than English ones because regular Spanish verbs use consistent rules whether you’re forming simple tenses or moving into participles. To highlight the contrast, the Spanish verbs for <i>speak, eat,</i> and <i>live</i> are often used as examples of regular Spanish verbs, and there’s nothing regular about any of these verbs in English!","description":"Spanish verbs are generally easier to deal with than English ones because regular Spanish verbs use consistent rules whether you’re forming simple tenses or moving into participles. To highlight the contrast, the Spanish verbs for <i>speak, eat,</i> and <i>live</i> are often used as examples of regular Spanish verbs, and there’s nothing regular about any of these verbs in English!","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209154,"title":"Spanish All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209154"}},{"articleId":208766,"title":"Spanish For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208766"}},{"articleId":208340,"title":"Spanish Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-grammar-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208340"}},{"articleId":207405,"title":"Intermediate Spanish For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"intermediate-spanish-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207405"}},{"articleId":207302,"title":"Creating Contractions with Articles in Spanish","slug":"creating-contractions-with-articles-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207302"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6217bb520aa38\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6217bb520b41d\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":195620,"title":"Spanish Subject Pronouns","slug":"spanish-subject-pronouns-2","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195620"}},{"articleId":195619,"title":"How to Form Simple Tenses with Regular Spanish Verbs","slug":"how-to-form-simple-tenses-with-regular-spanish-verbs","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195619"}},{"articleId":195617,"title":"How to Form Present and Past Participles in Spanish","slug":"how-to-form-present-and-past-participles-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195617"}}],"content":[{"title":"Spanish subject pronouns","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Pronouns are very helpful words you use so that you don’t have to keep saying a person’s name over and over. Remember that Spanish has different pronouns for someone you know well — the familiar form — and for more formal relationships. The following table lists singular and plural pronouns for all occasions.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Person</th>\n<th>Singular</th>\n<th>Plural</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>First person</b></td>\n<td>yo = I</td>\n<td>nosotros = we (male or mixed group)<br />\nnosotras= we (female)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Second person familiar</b></td>\n<td>tú = you</td>\n<td>vosotros = you (male or mixed group)<br />\nvosotras = you (female)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Second person formal</b></td>\n<td>usted = you</td>\n<td>ustedes = you (plural)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Third person</b></td>\n<td>él = he<br />\nella = she</td>\n<td>ellos= they (male or mixed group)<br />\nellas= they (female)</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"How to form simple tenses with regular Spanish verbs","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The regular Spanish verbs that end in <i>&#8211;</i><i>ar, -er,</i> and <i>&#8211;</i><i>ir</i> take a pretty regular method in forming simple tenses. You start with the stem of the word and add an ending according to the person or pronoun you use. The following tables show how to change tenses for <i>&#8211;</i><i>ar</i> verbs (<i>hablar,</i> to speak is the example) and <i>&#8211;</i><i>er </i>and<i> </i><i>&#8211;</i><i>ir</i> verbs, in which <i>comer,</i> to eat, and <i>vivir,</i> to live, are the examples.</p>\n<h3>Simple tenses of regular –ar verbs</h3>\n<table>\n<caption> </caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Tense</th>\n<th>Stem</th>\n<th>yo</th>\n<th>tú</th>\n<th>él, ella, usted</th>\n<th>nosotros, nosotras</th>\n<th>vosotros, vosotras</th>\n<th>ellos/as, ustedes</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Present</td>\n<td>habl +</td>\n<td>-o</td>\n<td>-as</td>\n<td>-a</td>\n<td>-amos</td>\n<td>-áis</td>\n<td>-an</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Imperfect</td>\n<td>habl +</td>\n<td>-aba</td>\n<td>-abas</td>\n<td>-aba</td>\n<td>-ábamos</td>\n<td>-abais</td>\n<td>-aban</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Preterit</td>\n<td>habl +</td>\n<td>-é</td>\n<td>-aste</td>\n<td>-ó</td>\n<td>-amos</td>\n<td>-asteis</td>\n<td>-aron</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Future</td>\n<td>hablar +</td>\n<td>-é</td>\n<td>-ás</td>\n<td>-á</td>\n<td>-emos</td>\n<td>-éis</td>\n<td>-án</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Conditional</td>\n<td>hablar +</td>\n<td>-ía</td>\n<td>-ías</td>\n<td>-ía</td>\n<td>-íamos</td>\n<td>-íais</td>\n<td>-ían</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Present Subjunctive</td>\n<td>habl +</td>\n<td>-e</td>\n<td>-es</td>\n<td>-e</td>\n<td>-emos</td>\n<td>-éis</td>\n<td>-en</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Imperfect Subjunctive</td>\n<td>habl +</td>\n<td>-ara</td>\n<td>-aras</td>\n<td>-ara</td>\n<td>-áramos</td>\n<td>-arais</td>\n<td>-aran</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Imperfect Subjunctive (alternative)</td>\n<td>habl +</td>\n<td>-ase</td>\n<td>-ases</td>\n<td>-ase</td>\n<td>-ásemos</td>\n<td>-aseis</td>\n<td>-asen</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p class=\"Remember\">The first imperfect subjunctive form is the one most commonly used, not the alternative.</p>\n<h3>Simple tenses of regular -er and –ir verbs</h3>\n<table>\n<caption> </caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Tense</th>\n<th>Stem</th>\n<th>yo</th>\n<th>tú</th>\n<th>él, ella, usted</th>\n<th>nosotros, nosotras</th>\n<th>vosotros, vosotras</th>\n<th>ellos/as, ustedes</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Present</td>\n<td>com/viv +</td>\n<td>-o</td>\n<td>-es</td>\n<td>-e/-a</td>\n<td>-emos/-imos</td>\n<td>-éis/-ís</td>\n<td>-en</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Imperfect</td>\n<td>com/viv +</td>\n<td>-ía</td>\n<td>-ías</td>\n<td>-ía</td>\n<td>-íamos</td>\n<td>-íais</td>\n<td>-ían</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Preterit</td>\n<td>com/viv +</td>\n<td>-í</td>\n<td>-iste</td>\n<td>-ió</td>\n<td>-imos</td>\n<td>-isteis</td>\n<td>-ieron</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Future</td>\n<td>comer/vivir +</td>\n<td>-é</td>\n<td>-ás</td>\n<td>-á</td>\n<td>-emos</td>\n<td>-éis</td>\n<td>-án</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Conditional</td>\n<td>comer/vivir +</td>\n<td>-ía</td>\n<td>-ías</td>\n<td>-ía</td>\n<td>-íamos</td>\n<td>-íais</td>\n<td>-ían</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Present Subjunctive</td>\n<td>com/viv +</td>\n<td>-a</td>\n<td>-as</td>\n<td>-a</td>\n<td>-amos</td>\n<td>-áis</td>\n<td>-an</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Imperfect Subjunctive</td>\n<td>com/viv +</td>\n<td>-iera</td>\n<td>-ieras</td>\n<td>iera</td>\n<td>-iéramos</td>\n<td>-ierais</td>\n<td>-ieran</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Imperfect Subjunctive (alternative)</td>\n<td>com/viv +</td>\n<td>-iese</td>\n<td>-ieses</td>\n<td>-iese</td>\n<td>-iésemos</td>\n<td>-ieseis</td>\n<td>-iesen</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"How to form present and past participles in Spanish","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Regular Spanish verbs follow regular rules when they become <i>present participles,</i> verbs that end in <i>&#8211;</i><i>ing</i> in English, and <i>past participles,</i> verbs that end in <i>&#8211;</i><i>ed </i>or<i> </i><i>&#8211;</i><i>en </i>in English<i>.</i> The following tables show the rules for each verb form and offer examples.</p>\n<h3>Forming present participles</h3>\n<table>\n<caption> </caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Verb Ending</th>\n<th>Rule</th>\n<th>Example Verb</th>\n<th>Present Participle</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-ar</td>\n<td>stem + -ando</td>\n<td>hablar = to speak</td>\n<td>hablando = speaking</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-er or -ir</td>\n<td>stem + -iendo</td>\n<td>comer = to eat</td>\n<td>comiendo = eating</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td>vivir = to live</td>\n<td>viviendo = living</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3>Forming past participles</h3>\n<table>\n<caption> </caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Verb Ending</th>\n<th>Rule</th>\n<th>Example Verb</th>\n<th>Present Participle</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-ar</td>\n<td>stem + -ado</td>\n<td>hablar = to speak</td>\n<td>hablado = spoken</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-er or -ir</td>\n<td>stem + -ido</td>\n<td>comer = to eat</td>\n<td>comido = eaten</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td>vivir = to live</td>\n<td>vivido = lived</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-01-31T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":209434},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:54:51+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-02-01T19:48:56+00:00","timestamp":"2022-02-24T17:07:28+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Spanish For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"spanish for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"spanish-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Keep this Cheat Sheet handy as a quick reference for Spanish basics, like essential words and phrases, proper gender of articles, and more.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Speaking Spanish requires you to keep tabs on all sorts of topics: essential words and phrases, basic Spanish questions, and the proper gender of articles. Plus, if you intend to travel, you want to be able to get help and give warnings in the case of an emergency.\r\n\r\nRefer to this Cheat Sheet for your Spanish essentials.","description":"Speaking Spanish requires you to keep tabs on all sorts of topics: essential words and phrases, basic Spanish questions, and the proper gender of articles. Plus, if you intend to travel, you want to be able to get help and give warnings in the case of an emergency.\r\n\r\nRefer to this Cheat Sheet for your Spanish essentials.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10250,"name":"Susana Wald","slug":"susana-wald","description":"Susana Wald is a writer and literary translator in Hungarian, Spanish, English, and French, and she has taught abroad in Chile and Canada.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10250"}},{"authorId":9996,"name":"Cecie Kraynak","slug":"cecie-kraynak","description":"Cecie Kraynak, MA, is a Spanish teacher, ESL coordinator, and author or editor of numerous Spanish books, including Spanish For Dummies. She has taught and tutored Spanish at the junior high school and college levels for more than 25 years.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9996"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":189835,"title":"Distinguishing Masculine and Feminine Articles in Spanish","slug":"distinguishing-masculine-and-feminine-articles-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189835"}},{"articleId":189836,"title":"Using Essential Spanish Words and Phrases","slug":"using-essential-spanish-words-and-phrases","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189836"}},{"articleId":189833,"title":"Getting Emergency Help and Giving Warnings in Spanish","slug":"getting-emergency-help-and-giving-warnings-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189833"}},{"articleId":189824,"title":"Asking Basic Questions in Spanish","slug":"asking-basic-questions-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189824"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209434,"title":"Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-verbs-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209434"}},{"articleId":209154,"title":"Spanish All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209154"}},{"articleId":208340,"title":"Spanish Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-grammar-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208340"}},{"articleId":207405,"title":"Intermediate Spanish For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"intermediate-spanish-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207405"}},{"articleId":207302,"title":"Creating Contractions with Articles in Spanish","slug":"creating-contractions-with-articles-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207302"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282592,"slug":"spanish-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9780470878552","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/047087855X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/047087855X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/047087855X-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/047087855X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/047087855X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/spanish-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9780470878552-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Spanish For Dummies, 2nd Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <p>Berlitz® has taught languages to millions of people for more than 130 years. Susana Wald is a writer and literary translator in Hungarian, Spanish, English, and French, and she has taught abroad in Chile and Canada. Cecie Kraynak, MA, has taught and tutored Spanish at the junior high school and college levels for more than 25 years. She is the author of Spanish Verbs For Dummies.</p> ","authors":[{"authorId":10250,"name":"Susana Wald","slug":"susana-wald","description":"Susana Wald is a writer and literary translator in Hungarian, Spanish, English, and French, and she has taught abroad in Chile and Canada.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10250"}},{"authorId":9996,"name":"Cecie Kraynak","slug":"cecie-kraynak","description":"Cecie Kraynak, MA, is a Spanish teacher, ESL coordinator, and author or editor of numerous Spanish books, including Spanish For Dummies. She has taught and tutored Spanish at the junior high school and college levels for more than 25 years.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9996"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780470878552&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6217bb5017c52\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780470878552&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-6217bb50187ee\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":189836,"title":"Using Essential Spanish Words and Phrases","slug":"using-essential-spanish-words-and-phrases","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189836"}},{"articleId":189824,"title":"Asking Basic Questions in Spanish","slug":"asking-basic-questions-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189824"}},{"articleId":189835,"title":"Distinguishing Masculine and Feminine Articles in Spanish","slug":"distinguishing-masculine-and-feminine-articles-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189835"}},{"articleId":189833,"title":"Getting Emergency Help and Giving Warnings in Spanish","slug":"getting-emergency-help-and-giving-warnings-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189833"}}],"content":[{"title":"Using essential Spanish words and phrases","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>As with any language, the number of Spanish words and phrases can be intimidating. If you&#8217;re just beginning to explore Spanish, you can feign fluency with these essential words and phrases until your Spanish is up to snuff.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Hola!</b> (<i>¡oh</i>-lah!) (<i>Hello!</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Por favor.</b> (pohr fah-<i>bvohr.</i>) (<i>Please.</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Gracias.</b> (<i>grah</i>-seeahs.) (<i>Thank you.</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Dónde está el baño?</b> (<i>¿</i><i>dohn</i>-deh ehs-<i>tah</i> ehl <i>bvah</i>-nyoh?) (<i>Where is the bathroom?</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Lo siento.</b> (loh see<i>ehn</i>-toh.) (<i>I</i><i>&#8216;</i><i>m sorry.</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Habla usted inglés?</b> (<i>¿</i><i>ah</i>-bvlah oohs-<i>tehd</i> een-<i>glehs?</i>) (<i>Do you speak English?</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>No hablo mucho español.</b> (no <i>ah</i>-bvloh <i>moo</i><i>h</i>-choh ehs-pah-<i>nyohl.</i>) (<i>I don</i><i>&#8216;</i><i>t speak much Spanish.</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>No sé.</b> (noh seh.) (<i>I don</i><i>&#8216;</i><i>t know.</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Claro.</b> (<i>clah</i>-roh.) (<i>I understand. </i>[Literally:<i> </i><i>Clear.</i>])</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Adiós.</b> (ah-dee-<i>ohs</i>.) (Good-bye.)</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Asking basic questions in Spanish","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Knowing how to ask basic questions in Spanish — or any other language — is essential in a global society. To ask for information in Spanish, use these basic Spanish question words and example questions.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Quién?</b> (¿kee<i>ehn?</i>) (<i>Who?</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Qué?</b> (¿keh?) (<i>What?</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Dónde?</b> (<i>¿</i><i>dohn</i>-deh?)<i> </i>(<i>Where?</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Cuándo?</b> (¿kooh<i>ahn</i>-doh?) (<i>When?</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Por qué?</b> (¿pohr keh?) (<i>Why?</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Cuál?</b> (¿kooh<i>ahl?</i>) (<i>Which?</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Cómo?<i> </i></b>(<i>¿</i><i>koh</i>-moh?) (<i>How?</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Cuánto?</b> (¿kooh<i>ahn</i>-toh?) (<i>How much?</i>)</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The following are examples of these question words in action that you may find useful:</p>\n<blockquote><p><b>¿</b><b>Quién es él? </b>(¿kee<i>ehn</i> ehs ehl?) (<i>Who is he?</i>)</p></blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><b>¿</b><b>Qué hace usted? </b>(¿keh <i>ah</i>-seh oohs-<i>tehd?</i>) (<i>What do you do?</i>)</p></blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><b>¿</b><b>Dónde viven ustedes? </b>(<i>¿</i><i>dohn</i>-deh <i>bvee</i>-bvehn oohs-<i>teh</i>-dehs?) (<i>Where do you live?</i>)</p></blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><b>¿</b><b>Cuándo llegan ellos? </b>(¿kooh<i>ahn</i>-doh yeh-<i>gahn</i> <i>eh</i>-yohs?) (<i>When do they arrive?</i>)</p></blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><b>¿</b><b>Por qué está usted aquí? </b>(¿pohr keh ehs-<i>tah</i> oosh-<i>tehd</i> ah-<i>kee?</i>) (<i>Why are you [formal] here?</i>)</p></blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><b>¿</b><b>Cuál restaurante es mejor? </b>(¿koo<i>ahl </i>rehs-tahooh-<i>rahn</i>-teh ehs meh-<i>Hohr?</i>) (<i>Which restaurant is better?</i>)</p></blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><b>¿</b><b>Cómo es su casa? </b>(<i>¿</i><i>koh</i>-moh ehs sooh <i>kah-</i>sah?) (<i>How is their house? </i>or <i>What</i><i>&#8216;</i><i>s their house like?</i>)</p></blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><b>¿</b><b>Cuánto cuesta el boleto?</b> (¿kooh<i>ahn</i>-toh kooh<i>ehs</i>-tah ehl bvoh-<i>leh</i>-toh?) (<i>How much is the ticket?</i>)</p></blockquote>\n"},{"title":"Distinguishing masculine and feminine articles in Spanish","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Like many things in the Spanish language, Spanish articles have either a masculine or a feminine gender that must match the masculine or feminine gender of the Spanish nouns you pair them with. (For example, you say <b>la blusa </b>(lah <i>bvloo</i><i>h</i>-sah) (<i>the blouse</i>) but <b>el vestido </b>(ehl bvehs-<i>tee</i>-doh) (<i>the dress</i>). Articles in Spanish include <i>the</i> (a definite article) and <i>a, an,</i> and <i>some</i> (indefinite articles).</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>English</th>\n<th>Spanish</th>\n<td></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td>Masculine</td>\n<td>Feminine</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>the</i> (singular)</td>\n<td><b>el</b> (ehl)</td>\n<td><b>la</b> (lah)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>the</i> (plural)</td>\n<td><b>los</b> (lohs)</td>\n<td><b>las</b> (lahs)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>a</i><i>,</i> <i>an</i> (singular)</td>\n<td><b>un</b> (oohn)</td>\n<td><b>una</b> (<i>ooh</i>-nah)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>some</i> (plural)</td>\n<td><b>unos</b> (<i>ooh</i>-nohs)</td>\n<td><b>unas</b> (<i>ooh</i>-nahs)</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Getting emergency help and giving warnings in Spanish","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Emergencies can happen whether you know Spanish or not, so if you&#8217;re in a Spanish-speaking area, you need to be prepared to warn others and/or get help in Spanish should an emergency situation arise. Following are some basic Spanish distress-signaling words:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Socorro! </b>(¡soh-<i>koh</i>-rroh!) <i>(Help!</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Auxilio! </b>(¡ahoohk-<i>see</i>-leeoh!) (<i>Help!</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Ayúdeme! </b>(¡ah-<i>yoo</i><i>h</i>-deh-meh?) (<i>Help me!</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Rápido! </b>(<i>¡rrah</i>-pee-doh!) (<i>Quick!</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Apúrense! </b>(¡ah-<i>poo</i><i>h</i>-rehn-seh!) (<i>Hurry!</i>)</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>If you face some sort of disaster, use one of the following words:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Incendio! </b>(¡een-<i>sehn</i>-deeoh!) (<i>Fire!</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Inundación!</b> (¡ee-noohn-dah-see<i>ohn!</i>) (<i>Flood!</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Temblor! </b>(¡tehm-<i>bvlohr!</i>) (<i>Earth tremor!</i><i>)</i></p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Terremoto! </b>(¡teh-rreh-<i>moh</i>-toh!) (<i>Earthquake!</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Maremoto! </b>(¡mah-reh-<i>moh</i>-toh!) (<i>Tidal wave!</i>)</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When giving a warning, you have a choice. In Mexico shout</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Aguas!</b> (<i>¡ah</i>-goohahs!) (<i>Watch out!</i>)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¡Ojo!</b> <i>(¡oh</i>-Hoh!) (<i>Look out!</i><i> </i>[Literally:<i> </i><i>eye</i>])</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Everywhere else, yell <b>¡Cuidado!</b> (koohee-<i>dah</i>-doh) (<i>Watch out!</i>).</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-02-01T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208766},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T23:09:27+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-01-14T21:31:15+00:00","timestamp":"2022-02-24T17:07:24+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Conjugating the Spanish Verb Leer (to Read)","strippedTitle":"conjugating the spanish verb leer (to read)","slug":"conjugating-the-spanish-verb-leer-to-read","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This straightforward, easy-to-understand explanation of how to conjugate the Spanish verb leer will aid in your Spanish language learning.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like <b>leer</b> (to read), you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Regular:</strong> Follows regular conjugation rules for <b>-ar, -er,</b> and <b>-ir</b> verbs</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Stem-changing:</strong> Morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Spelling-changing:</strong> Has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reflexive:</strong> Reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Leer</strong> <em>(</em><em>leh-</em><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ehr</span></em><em>)</em> is a regular <strong>-er</strong> verb, so its conjugation is pretty straightforward. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-ser-to-be/\">ser</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-estar-to-be/\">estar</a>, hacer, tener.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Present tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<table border=\"0\"><caption>The Present Tense of <strong>Leer</strong></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo leo</td>\r\n<td><strong>I</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú lees</td>\r\n<td><strong>You</strong> <strong>(informal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno lee</td>\r\n<td><strong>He/she/one</strong> <strong>reads</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted lee</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (formal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros leemos</td>\r\n<td><strong>We</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros leéis</td>\r\n<td><strong>You</strong> <strong>all (informal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas leen</td>\r\n<td><strong>They</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes leen</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (formal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following examples show you <strong>leer</strong> in action:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Nosotros leemos muchas novelas en el verano. </strong>(We read many novels in the summer.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Ellas leen el periódico.</strong> (They read the newspaper.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nNeed to know how to conjugate <strong>leer</strong> in another tense? The following tables show you the preterit, imperfect, and future forms.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Preterit tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<table border=\"0\"><caption>The Preterit Tense of <strong>Leer</strong></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo leí</td>\r\n<td><strong>I</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú leíste</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (informal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno leyó</td>\r\n<td><strong>He/she/one</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted leyó</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (formal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros leímos</td>\r\n<td><strong>We</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros leísteis</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (informal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas leyeron</td>\r\n<td><strong>They</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes leyeron</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (formal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nYou use the preterit tense like this:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Yo leí una bonita poesía ayer. </strong>(I read a nice poem yesterday.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Ellos leyeron un libro de historia.</strong> (They read a history book.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Imperfect tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<table border=\"0\"><caption>The Imperfect Tense of <strong>Leer</strong></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo leía</td>\r\n<td><strong>I used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú leías</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (informal) used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno leía</td>\r\n<td><strong>He/she/one used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted leía</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (formal) used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros leíamos</td>\r\n<td><strong>We used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros leíais</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (informal) used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas leían</td>\r\n<td><strong>They used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes leían</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (formal) used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nHere are some examples of the imperfect tense:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Los estudiantes leían el periódico en clase todos los días.</strong> (The students used to read the newspaper in class every day.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Juana leía novelas en el verano.</strong> (Juana used to read novels in the summer.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Future tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<table border=\"0\"><caption>The Future Tense of <strong>Leer</strong></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo leeré</td>\r\n<td><strong>I will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú leerás</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (informal) will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno leerá</td>\r\n<td><strong>He/she/one will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted leerá</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (formal) will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros leeremos</td>\r\n<td><strong>We will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros leeréis</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (informal) will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas leerán</td>\r\n<td><strong>They will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes leerán</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (formal) will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following samples put the future tense to work:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>¿Leerán los niños sus libros en clase? </strong>(Will the children read their books in class?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Sí. Los niños leerán sus libros, y yo leeré el periódico. </strong>(Yes. The children will read their books, and I will read the newspaper.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","description":"Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like <b>leer</b> (to read), you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Regular:</strong> Follows regular conjugation rules for <b>-ar, -er,</b> and <b>-ir</b> verbs</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Stem-changing:</strong> Morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Spelling-changing:</strong> Has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reflexive:</strong> Reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Leer</strong> <em>(</em><em>leh-</em><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ehr</span></em><em>)</em> is a regular <strong>-er</strong> verb, so its conjugation is pretty straightforward. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-ser-to-be/\">ser</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-estar-to-be/\">estar</a>, hacer, tener.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Present tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<table border=\"0\"><caption>The Present Tense of <strong>Leer</strong></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo leo</td>\r\n<td><strong>I</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú lees</td>\r\n<td><strong>You</strong> <strong>(informal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno lee</td>\r\n<td><strong>He/she/one</strong> <strong>reads</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted lee</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (formal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros leemos</td>\r\n<td><strong>We</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros leéis</td>\r\n<td><strong>You</strong> <strong>all (informal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas leen</td>\r\n<td><strong>They</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes leen</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (formal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following examples show you <strong>leer</strong> in action:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Nosotros leemos muchas novelas en el verano. </strong>(We read many novels in the summer.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Ellas leen el periódico.</strong> (They read the newspaper.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nNeed to know how to conjugate <strong>leer</strong> in another tense? The following tables show you the preterit, imperfect, and future forms.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Preterit tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<table border=\"0\"><caption>The Preterit Tense of <strong>Leer</strong></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo leí</td>\r\n<td><strong>I</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú leíste</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (informal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno leyó</td>\r\n<td><strong>He/she/one</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted leyó</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (formal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros leímos</td>\r\n<td><strong>We</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros leísteis</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (informal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas leyeron</td>\r\n<td><strong>They</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes leyeron</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (formal)</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nYou use the preterit tense like this:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Yo leí una bonita poesía ayer. </strong>(I read a nice poem yesterday.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Ellos leyeron un libro de historia.</strong> (They read a history book.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Imperfect tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<table border=\"0\"><caption>The Imperfect Tense of <strong>Leer</strong></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo leía</td>\r\n<td><strong>I used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú leías</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (informal) used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno leía</td>\r\n<td><strong>He/she/one used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted leía</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (formal) used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros leíamos</td>\r\n<td><strong>We used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros leíais</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (informal) used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas leían</td>\r\n<td><strong>They used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes leían</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (formal) used to</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nHere are some examples of the imperfect tense:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Los estudiantes leían el periódico en clase todos los días.</strong> (The students used to read the newspaper in class every day.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Juana leía novelas en el verano.</strong> (Juana used to read novels in the summer.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Future tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<table border=\"0\"><caption>The Future Tense of <strong>Leer</strong></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo leeré</td>\r\n<td><strong>I will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú leerás</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (informal) will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno leerá</td>\r\n<td><strong>He/she/one will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted leerá</td>\r\n<td><strong>You (formal) will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros leeremos</td>\r\n<td><strong>We will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros leeréis</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (informal) will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas leerán</td>\r\n<td><strong>They will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes leerán</td>\r\n<td><strong>You all (formal) will</strong> <strong>read</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following samples put the future tense to work:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>¿Leerán los niños sus libros en clase? </strong>(Will the children read their books in class?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Sí. Los niños leerán sus libros, y yo leeré el periódico. </strong>(Yes. The children will read their books, and I will read the newspaper.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"Present tense conjugation","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Preterit tense conjugation","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"Imperfect tense conjugation","target":"#tab3"},{"label":"Future tense conjugation","target":"#tab4"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209434,"title":"Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat 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id=\"du-slot-6217bb4c8bd50\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2021-09-29T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":202743},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T23:08:56+00:00","modifiedTime":"2021-11-19T20:53:35+00:00","timestamp":"2022-02-24T17:07:11+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Conjugating the Spanish Verb Dormir (to sleep)","strippedTitle":"conjugating the spanish verb dormir (to sleep)","slug":"conjugating-the-spanish-verb-dormir-to-sleep","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This straightforward, easy-to-understand explanation of how to conjugate the Spanish verb dormir will aid in your Spanish language learning.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like <b>dormir</b> (to sleep), you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Regular:</strong> Follows regular conjugation rules for <b>-ar, -er,</b> and <b>-ir</b> verbs</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Stem-changing:</strong> Morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Spelling-changing:</strong> Has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reflexive:</strong> Reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Present tense conjugation</h2>\r\nIn the present tense, <b>d</b><b>ormir</b> <i>(</i><i>dohr-</i><i><u>meer</u></i><i>)</i> has an <i>o-</i>to<i>-</i><i>ue </i>stem change in all but the <b>nosotros</b> and <b>vosotros</b> forms. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include<a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-spanish-verb-leer-to-read/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> leer</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-venir-to-come/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">venir</a>, querer, ser. Here’s the present tense conjugation:\r\n<table><caption>The Present Tense of <b>Dormir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo duermo</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú duermes</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>(informal)</b> <b></b><b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno duerme</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>sleeps</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted duerme</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros dormimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros dormís</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>all (informal)</b> <b></b><b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas duermen</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes duermen</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following examples show you <b>dormir</b> in action:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Duermes bien, José?</b> (Do you sleep well, José?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Sí. Yo duermo bien todas las noches. </b>(Yes. I sleep well every night.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Preterit tense conjugation</h2>\r\nIn the preterit, <b>dormir</b> undergoes an <i>o-</i>to<i>-u</i> stem change in the third-person singular and third-person plural forms only. All the other forms conjugate normally. Take a look.\r\n<table><caption>The Preterit Tense of <b>Dormir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo dormí</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú dormiste</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal)</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno durmió</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted durmió</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros dormimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros dormisteis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal)</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas durmieron</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes durmieron</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nYou use the preterit tense like this:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>La profesora durmió.</b> (The professor slept.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Cristina y María durmieron en mi casa.</b> (Cristina and María slept in my house.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Imperfect tense conjugation</h2>\r\nYou’re off the hook with the stem change in the imperfect and future forms; <b>dormir</b> conjugates normally in these tenses. Check out the following tables and examples.\r\n<table><caption>The Imperfect Tense of <b>Dormir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo dormía</td>\r\n<td><b>I used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú dormías</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno dormía</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted dormía</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros dormíamos</td>\r\n<td><b>We used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros dormíais</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas dormían</td>\r\n<td><b>They used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes dormían</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nHere are some examples of the imperfect tense:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Mi padre dormía y roncaba.</b> (My father used to sleep and snore.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>¿Dormíais vosotros en clase?</b> (Did you used to sleep in class?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Future tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<table><caption>The Future Tense of <b>Dormir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo dormiré</td>\r\n<td><b>I will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú dormirás</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno dormirá</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted dormirá</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros dormiramos</td>\r\n<td><b>We will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros dormiréis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas dormirán</td>\r\n<td><b>They will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes dormirán</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following samples put the future tense to work:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Dormirán ustedes junto al lago?</b> (Will you sleep near the lake?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>No. Dormiremos en la cabina.</b> (No. We will sleep in the cabin.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","description":"Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like <b>dormir</b> (to sleep), you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Regular:</strong> Follows regular conjugation rules for <b>-ar, -er,</b> and <b>-ir</b> verbs</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Stem-changing:</strong> Morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Spelling-changing:</strong> Has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reflexive:</strong> Reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Present tense conjugation</h2>\r\nIn the present tense, <b>d</b><b>ormir</b> <i>(</i><i>dohr-</i><i><u>meer</u></i><i>)</i> has an <i>o-</i>to<i>-</i><i>ue </i>stem change in all but the <b>nosotros</b> and <b>vosotros</b> forms. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include<a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-spanish-verb-leer-to-read/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> leer</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-venir-to-come/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">venir</a>, querer, ser. Here’s the present tense conjugation:\r\n<table><caption>The Present Tense of <b>Dormir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo duermo</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú duermes</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>(informal)</b> <b></b><b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno duerme</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>sleeps</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted duerme</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros dormimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros dormís</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>all (informal)</b> <b></b><b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas duermen</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes duermen</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following examples show you <b>dormir</b> in action:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Duermes bien, José?</b> (Do you sleep well, José?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Sí. Yo duermo bien todas las noches. </b>(Yes. I sleep well every night.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Preterit tense conjugation</h2>\r\nIn the preterit, <b>dormir</b> undergoes an <i>o-</i>to<i>-u</i> stem change in the third-person singular and third-person plural forms only. All the other forms conjugate normally. Take a look.\r\n<table><caption>The Preterit Tense of <b>Dormir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo dormí</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú dormiste</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal)</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno durmió</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted durmió</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros dormimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros dormisteis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal)</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas durmieron</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes durmieron</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>slept</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nYou use the preterit tense like this:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>La profesora durmió.</b> (The professor slept.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Cristina y María durmieron en mi casa.</b> (Cristina and María slept in my house.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Imperfect tense conjugation</h2>\r\nYou’re off the hook with the stem change in the imperfect and future forms; <b>dormir</b> conjugates normally in these tenses. Check out the following tables and examples.\r\n<table><caption>The Imperfect Tense of <b>Dormir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo dormía</td>\r\n<td><b>I used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú dormías</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno dormía</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted dormía</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros dormíamos</td>\r\n<td><b>We used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros dormíais</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas dormían</td>\r\n<td><b>They used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes dormían</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) used to</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nHere are some examples of the imperfect tense:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Mi padre dormía y roncaba.</b> (My father used to sleep and snore.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>¿Dormíais vosotros en clase?</b> (Did you used to sleep in class?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Future tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<table><caption>The Future Tense of <b>Dormir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo dormiré</td>\r\n<td><b>I will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú dormirás</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno dormirá</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted dormirá</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros dormiramos</td>\r\n<td><b>We will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros dormiréis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas dormirán</td>\r\n<td><b>They will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes dormirán</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) will</b> <b>sleep</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following samples put the future tense to work:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Dormirán ustedes junto al lago?</b> (Will you sleep near the lake?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>No. Dormiremos en la cabina.</b> (No. We will sleep in the cabin.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"Present tense conjugation","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Preterit tense conjugation","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"Imperfect tense conjugation","target":"#tab3"},{"label":"Future tense conjugation","target":"#tab4"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209434,"title":"Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat 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id=\"du-slot-6217bb3f45000\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2021-09-17T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":202670},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T23:09:29+00:00","modifiedTime":"2021-10-15T20:50:04+00:00","timestamp":"2022-02-24T17:07:04+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Ser (to Be)","strippedTitle":"conjugating the irregular spanish verb ser (to be)","slug":"conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-ser-to-be","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Ser (sehr) (to be) is an irregular -er verb and doesn’t follow normal ending patterns, so your best bet is to just memorize its conjugations.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like <b>ser</b><b>,</b> you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to: <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/how-to-conjugate-regular-spanish-verbs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>regular</i> </a>(follows regular conjugation rules for <b>-ar, -er,</b> and <b>-ir</b> verbs), <i><a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/forming-the-subjunctive-of-spelling-and-stem-changing-spanish-verbs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stem-changing</a></i> (morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence), <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/spelling-changing-spanish-verbs-and-pronunciation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>spelling-changing</i></a> (has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules), or <i><a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/using-reflexive-spanish-verbs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reflexive</a></i> (reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence).\r\n\r\nBut then there are those verbs that refuse to be lumped into a category: the irregulars. <b>Ser </b><i>(</i><i>sehr</i><i>)</i> (to be) is an irregular <b>-er</b><b> </b>verb; it doesn’t follow most normal ending patterns, so your best bet is to just memorize its conjugations. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-estar-to-be/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estar</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-spanish-verb-leer-to-read/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leer</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-tener-to-have/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tener</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-querer-to-want/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">querer</a>.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >The present tense of ser</h2>\r\nHere is the Spanish verb <strong>ser</strong> in the present tense:\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo soy</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>am</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú eres</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>(informal)</b> <b></b><b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno es</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>is</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted es</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros somos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros sois</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>all (informal)</b> <b></b><b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas son</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes son</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following examples show you <b>ser</b> in action:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>La boda es el veintisiete de junio. </b>(The wedding is the 27th of June.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Ellos son mis abuelos.</b> (They are my grandparents.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >The preterit tense of ser</h2>\r\nThe following table shows you <b>ser </b>at work in the preterit tense.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo fui</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>was</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú fuiste</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal)</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno fue</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>was</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted fue</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros fuimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros fuisteis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal)</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas fueron</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes fueron</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nYou use the preterit tense like this:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Fuimos al baile anoche.</b> (We went to the dance last night.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Fui a verte en tu casa. </b>(I went to see you at your house.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Think you’ve seen these conjugations before? You probably have; it just so happens that they’re also the preterit forms of the verb <b>ir</b> (to go). It may be confusing, but look on the bright side: It’s one fewer set of verbs you have to memorize.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >The imperfect tense of ser</h2>\r\n<b>Ser </b>is one of only three irregular imperfect verbs. Here’s that conjugation; notice that, like regular verbs, the first-person and third-person singular forms (<b>yo </b>and<b> usted</b>) are the same.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo era</td>\r\n<td><b>I used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú eras</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno era</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted era</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros éramos</td>\r\n<td><b>We used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros erais</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas eran</td>\r\n<td><b>They used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes eran</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nHere are some examples of the imperfect tense:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Eramos futbolistas.</b> (We used to be soccer players.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>Shakespeare era un gran escritor.</b> (Shakespeare was a great writer.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >The future tense of ser</h2>\r\nGood news! <b>Ser</b> is regular in the future tense, so you can apply the regular verb endings here.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo seré</td>\r\n<td><b>I will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú serás</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno será</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted será</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros seremos</td>\r\n<td><b>We will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros seréis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas serán</td>\r\n<td><b>They will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes serán</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following samples put the future tense to work:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>María sera una gran bailarina.</b> (Maria will be a great dancer.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>Ustedes serán bienvenidos.</b> (You will be welcome.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","description":"Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like <b>ser</b><b>,</b> you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to: <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/how-to-conjugate-regular-spanish-verbs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>regular</i> </a>(follows regular conjugation rules for <b>-ar, -er,</b> and <b>-ir</b> verbs), <i><a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/forming-the-subjunctive-of-spelling-and-stem-changing-spanish-verbs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stem-changing</a></i> (morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence), <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/spelling-changing-spanish-verbs-and-pronunciation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>spelling-changing</i></a> (has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules), or <i><a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/using-reflexive-spanish-verbs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reflexive</a></i> (reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence).\r\n\r\nBut then there are those verbs that refuse to be lumped into a category: the irregulars. <b>Ser </b><i>(</i><i>sehr</i><i>)</i> (to be) is an irregular <b>-er</b><b> </b>verb; it doesn’t follow most normal ending patterns, so your best bet is to just memorize its conjugations. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-estar-to-be/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estar</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-spanish-verb-leer-to-read/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leer</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-tener-to-have/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tener</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-querer-to-want/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">querer</a>.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >The present tense of ser</h2>\r\nHere is the Spanish verb <strong>ser</strong> in the present tense:\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo soy</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>am</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú eres</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>(informal)</b> <b></b><b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno es</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>is</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted es</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros somos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros sois</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>all (informal)</b> <b></b><b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas son</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes son</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>are</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following examples show you <b>ser</b> in action:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>La boda es el veintisiete de junio. </b>(The wedding is the 27th of June.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Ellos son mis abuelos.</b> (They are my grandparents.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >The preterit tense of ser</h2>\r\nThe following table shows you <b>ser </b>at work in the preterit tense.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo fui</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>was</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú fuiste</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal)</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno fue</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>was</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted fue</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros fuimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros fuisteis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal)</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas fueron</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes fueron</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>were</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nYou use the preterit tense like this:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Fuimos al baile anoche.</b> (We went to the dance last night.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Fui a verte en tu casa. </b>(I went to see you at your house.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Think you’ve seen these conjugations before? You probably have; it just so happens that they’re also the preterit forms of the verb <b>ir</b> (to go). It may be confusing, but look on the bright side: It’s one fewer set of verbs you have to memorize.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >The imperfect tense of ser</h2>\r\n<b>Ser </b>is one of only three irregular imperfect verbs. Here’s that conjugation; notice that, like regular verbs, the first-person and third-person singular forms (<b>yo </b>and<b> usted</b>) are the same.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo era</td>\r\n<td><b>I used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú eras</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno era</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted era</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros éramos</td>\r\n<td><b>We used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros erais</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas eran</td>\r\n<td><b>They used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes eran</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) used to</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nHere are some examples of the imperfect tense:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Eramos futbolistas.</b> (We used to be soccer players.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>Shakespeare era un gran escritor.</b> (Shakespeare was a great writer.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >The future tense of ser</h2>\r\nGood news! <b>Ser</b> is regular in the future tense, so you can apply the regular verb endings here.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo seré</td>\r\n<td><b>I will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú serás</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno será</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted será</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros seremos</td>\r\n<td><b>We will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros seréis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas serán</td>\r\n<td><b>They will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes serán</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) will</b> <b>be</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following samples put the future tense to work:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>María sera una gran bailarina.</b> (Maria will be a great dancer.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>Ustedes serán bienvenidos.</b> (You will be welcome.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"The present tense of ser","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"The preterit tense of ser","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"The imperfect tense of ser","target":"#tab3"},{"label":"The future tense of ser","target":"#tab4"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209434,"title":"Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat 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id=\"du-slot-6217bb38342ef\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2021-09-13T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":202748},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T23:09:08+00:00","modifiedTime":"2021-10-07T18:56:19+00:00","timestamp":"2022-02-24T17:07:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Venir (to come)","strippedTitle":"conjugating the irregular spanish verb venir (to come)","slug":"conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-venir-to-come","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"There are four groups of Spanish verbs, and each group is conjugated differently. Learn how to conjugate the irregular verb venir (to come).","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like <b>venir </b>(to come), you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Regular:</strong> Follows regular conjugation rules for <b>-ar, -er,</b> and <b>-ir</b> verbs</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Stem-changing:</strong> Morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Spelling-changing:</strong> Has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reflexive:</strong> Reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nBut then there are those verbs that refuse to be lumped into a category: the irregulars.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Present tense conjugation</h2>\r\nIn the present tense, <b>venir</b> <i>(</i><i>bvehn-</i><i><u>eer</u></i><i>)</i> has an <i>e-</i>to<i>-ie </i>stem change in all but the <b>yo, </b><b>nos</b><b>otros</b><b>,</b> and <b>vosotros</b> forms. The <b>yo </b>form is completely irregular. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include: <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-hacer-to-domake/\">hacer</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-querer-to-want/\">querer</a>, venir and ser. Here’s the present tense conjugation:\r\n<table><caption>The Present Tense of <b>Venir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo vengo</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú vienes</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>(informal)</b> <b></b><b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno viene</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>comes</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted viene</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros venimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros venís</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>all (informal)</b> <b></b><b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas vienen</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes vienen</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following examples show you <b>venir</b> in action:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Rodolfo y Marisol vienen de la playa. </b>(Rodolfo and Marisol are coming from the beach.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Yo vengo del auditorio.</b> (I am coming from the auditorium.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Preterit tense conjugation</h2>\r\nIn the preterit, <b>venir</b><b> </b>has an irregular stem: <b>vin</b><b>-.</b> Notice also that it doesn’t have the accent marks regular verbs use in the preterit. Take a look:\r\n<table><caption>The Preterit Tense of <b>Venir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo vine</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú viniste</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal)</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno vino</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted vino</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros vinimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros vinisteis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal)</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas vinieron</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes vinieron</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nYou use the preterit tense like this:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Nosotros vinimos tarde a la fiesta.</b> (We came to the party late.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Vinieron ustedes temprano?</b> (Did you come early?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Imperfect tense conjugation</h2>\r\nYou’re off the hook with the stem change in the imperfect; <b>venir</b><b> </b>conjugates normally in this tense. Check out the following table and examples.\r\n<table><caption>The Imperfect Tense of <b>Venir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo venía</td>\r\n<td><b>I used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú venías</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno venía</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted venía</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros veníamos</td>\r\n<td><b>We used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros veníais</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas venían</td>\r\n<td><b>They used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes venían</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nHere are some examples of the imperfect tense:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Veníamos al estadio por la mañana. </b>(We used to come to the stadium in the morning.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>Vine sin mi pasaporte. </b>(I came without my passport.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Future tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<b>Venir</b> also has an irregular stem in the future tense: <b>v</b><b>endr-. </b>However, it does use the normal future endings:\r\n<table><caption>The Future Tense of <b>Venir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo vendré</td>\r\n<td><b>I will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú vendrás</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno vendrá</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted vendrá</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros vendremos</td>\r\n<td><b>We will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros vendréis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas vendrán</td>\r\n<td><b>They will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes vendrán</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following samples put the future tense to work:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Ellos vendrán a nuestra casa para la recepción.</b> (The will come to our house for the reception.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>¿Vendrás tú con tus padres?</b> (Will you come with your parents?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","description":"Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like <b>venir </b>(to come), you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Regular:</strong> Follows regular conjugation rules for <b>-ar, -er,</b> and <b>-ir</b> verbs</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Stem-changing:</strong> Morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Spelling-changing:</strong> Has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reflexive:</strong> Reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nBut then there are those verbs that refuse to be lumped into a category: the irregulars.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Present tense conjugation</h2>\r\nIn the present tense, <b>venir</b> <i>(</i><i>bvehn-</i><i><u>eer</u></i><i>)</i> has an <i>e-</i>to<i>-ie </i>stem change in all but the <b>yo, </b><b>nos</b><b>otros</b><b>,</b> and <b>vosotros</b> forms. The <b>yo </b>form is completely irregular. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include: <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-hacer-to-domake/\">hacer</a>, <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/languages/spanish/conjugating-the-irregular-spanish-verb-querer-to-want/\">querer</a>, venir and ser. Here’s the present tense conjugation:\r\n<table><caption>The Present Tense of <b>Venir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo vengo</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú vienes</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>(informal)</b> <b></b><b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno viene</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>comes</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted viene</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros venimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros venís</td>\r\n<td><b>You</b> <b>all (informal)</b> <b></b><b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas vienen</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes vienen</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following examples show you <b>venir</b> in action:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Rodolfo y Marisol vienen de la playa. </b>(Rodolfo and Marisol are coming from the beach.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Yo vengo del auditorio.</b> (I am coming from the auditorium.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Preterit tense conjugation</h2>\r\nIn the preterit, <b>venir</b><b> </b>has an irregular stem: <b>vin</b><b>-.</b> Notice also that it doesn’t have the accent marks regular verbs use in the preterit. Take a look:\r\n<table><caption>The Preterit Tense of <b>Venir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo vine</td>\r\n<td><b>I</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú viniste</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal)</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno vino</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted vino</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal)</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros vinimos</td>\r\n<td><b>We</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros vinisteis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal)</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas vinieron</td>\r\n<td><b>They</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes vinieron</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal)</b> <b>came</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nYou use the preterit tense like this:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Nosotros vinimos tarde a la fiesta.</b> (We came to the party late.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>¿Vinieron ustedes temprano?</b> (Did you come early?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Imperfect tense conjugation</h2>\r\nYou’re off the hook with the stem change in the imperfect; <b>venir</b><b> </b>conjugates normally in this tense. Check out the following table and examples.\r\n<table><caption>The Imperfect Tense of <b>Venir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo venía</td>\r\n<td><b>I used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú venías</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno venía</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted venía</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros veníamos</td>\r\n<td><b>We used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros veníais</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas venían</td>\r\n<td><b>They used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes venían</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) used to</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nHere are some examples of the imperfect tense:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Veníamos al estadio por la mañana. </b>(We used to come to the stadium in the morning.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>Vine sin mi pasaporte. </b>(I came without my passport.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Future tense conjugation</h2>\r\n<b>Venir</b> also has an irregular stem in the future tense: <b>v</b><b>endr-. </b>However, it does use the normal future endings:\r\n<table><caption>The Future Tense of <b>Venir</b></caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Conjugation</th>\r\n<th>Translation</th>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo vendré</td>\r\n<td><b>I will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú vendrás</td>\r\n<td><b>You (informal) will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él/ella/ello/uno vendrá</td>\r\n<td><b>He/she/one will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>usted vendrá</td>\r\n<td><b>You (formal) will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros vendremos</td>\r\n<td><b>We will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros vendréis</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (informal) will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos/ellas vendrán</td>\r\n<td><b>They will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ustedes vendrán</td>\r\n<td><b>You all (formal) will</b> <b>come</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe following samples put the future tense to work:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Ellos vendrán a nuestra casa para la recepción.</b> (The will come to our house for the reception.)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\"><i></i><b>¿Vendrás tú con tus padres?</b> (Will you come with your parents?)</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"Present tense conjugation","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Preterit tense conjugation","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"Imperfect tense conjugation","target":"#tab3"},{"label":"Future tense conjugation","target":"#tab4"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209434,"title":"Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat 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Spanish Intermediate Spanish For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 03-25-2022

As someone who has surpassed the beginning level of Spanish, you consider yourself rather proficient in the language and want to discover more. So, here you are, eager to jump up to a higher level and perfect your skills. That’s fantastic! You can use the following set of articles as a reference to help you practice and become a more proficient Spanish speaker.

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Spanish Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Ir (to Go)

Article / Updated 03-15-2022

Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like ir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to: regular (follows regular conjugation rules for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs), stem-changing (morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence), spelling-changing (has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules), or reflexive (reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence). But then there are those verbs that refuse to be lumped into a category: the irregulars. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include ser, tener, dormir, and hacer. Ir (eer) (to go) is the ultimate irregular -ir verb; that’s all it is, i and r! It doesn’t follow most normal ending patterns, so your best bet is to just memorize its conjugations. Here it is in the present tense: The Present Tense of Ir Conjugation Translation yo voy I go tú vas You (informal) go él/ella/ello/uno va He/she/one goes usted va You (formal) go nosotros vamos We go vosotros váis You all (informal) go ellos/ellas van They go ustedes van You all (formal) go The following examples show you ir in action: Nosotros vamos al teatro a veces. (We go to the theater sometimes.) Mi madre va al supermercado ahora. (My mother is going to the supermarket now.) The following table shows you ir in the preterit tense. Think you’ve seen these conjugations before? You probably have; it just so happens that they’re also the preterit forms of the verb ser (to be). It may be confusing, but look on the bright side: It’s one fewer set of verbs you have to memorize. The Preterit Tense of Ir Conjugation Translation yo fui I went tú fuiste You (informal) went él/ella/ello/uno fue He/she/one went usted fue You (formal) went nosotros fuimos We went vosotros fuisteis You all (informal) went ellos/ellas fueron They went ustedes fueron You all (formal) went You use the preterit tense like this: Los turistas fueron al museo. (The tourists went to the museum.) ¿Fueron ustedes al baile? (Did you go to the dance?) Ir is one of only three irregular imperfect verbs. Here’s that conjugation; notice that, like regular verbs, the first-person and third-person singular forms (yo and usted) are the same. The Imperfect Tense of Ir Conjugation Translation yo iba I used to go tú ibas You (informal) used to go él/ella/ello/uno iba He/she/one used to go usted iba You (formal) used to go nosotros íbamos We used to go vosotros ibais You all (informal) used to go ellos/ellas iban They used to go ustedes iban You all (formal) used to go Here are some examples of the imperfect tense: Yo iba a Europa cada año. (I used to go to Europe every year.) Nosotros íbamos a Chicago. (We used to go to Chicago.) Good news! Ir is regular in the future tense, so you can apply the regular verb endings here. The Future Tense of Ir Conjugation Translation yo iré I will go tú irás You (informal) will go él/ella/ello/uno irá He/she/one will go usted irá You (formal) will go nosotros iremos We will go vosotros iréis You all (informal) will go ellos/ellas irán They will go ustedes irán You all (formal) will go The following samples put the future tense to work: Nosotros iremos a Orlando. (We will go to Orlando.) Yo iré a tu casa esta tarde. (I will go to your house this afternoon.)

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Spanish Spanish Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 02-25-2022

Spanish grammar covers a lot of territory. To start writing grammatically correct sentences in the present tense, you need to know about masculine and feminine nouns, adjectives, and regular verbs in Spanish.

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Spanish Spanish All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 02-14-2022

Spanish is a language that requires verb conjugation according to the person you’re speaking to and speaking about, so starting with present and past participles and the range of subject pronouns, you can talk about doing things all day long — and all day yesterday as well. In learning any language, the ABCs come in handy as does the proper form for all the questions you’ll be asking.

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Spanish Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 02-04-2022

Spanish verbs are generally easier to deal with than English ones because regular Spanish verbs use consistent rules whether you’re forming simple tenses or moving into participles. To highlight the contrast, the Spanish verbs for speak, eat, and live are often used as examples of regular Spanish verbs, and there’s nothing regular about any of these verbs in English!

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Spanish Spanish For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 02-01-2022

Speaking Spanish requires you to keep tabs on all sorts of topics: essential words and phrases, basic Spanish questions, and the proper gender of articles. Plus, if you intend to travel, you want to be able to get help and give warnings in the case of an emergency. Refer to this Cheat Sheet for your Spanish essentials.

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Spanish Conjugating the Spanish Verb Leer (to Read)

Article / Updated 01-14-2022

Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like leer (to read), you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to: Regular: Follows regular conjugation rules for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs Stem-changing: Morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence Spelling-changing: Has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules Reflexive: Reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence Leer (leh-ehr) is a regular -er verb, so its conjugation is pretty straightforward. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include ser, estar, hacer, tener. Present tense conjugation The Present Tense of Leer Conjugation Translation yo leo I read tú lees You (informal) read él/ella/ello/uno lee He/she/one reads usted lee You (formal) read nosotros leemos We read vosotros leéis You all (informal) read ellos/ellas leen They read ustedes leen You all (formal) read The following examples show you leer in action: Nosotros leemos muchas novelas en el verano. (We read many novels in the summer.) Ellas leen el periódico. (They read the newspaper.) Need to know how to conjugate leer in another tense? The following tables show you the preterit, imperfect, and future forms. Preterit tense conjugation The Preterit Tense of Leer Conjugation Translation yo leí I read tú leíste You (informal) read él/ella/ello/uno leyó He/she/one read usted leyó You (formal) read nosotros leímos We read vosotros leísteis You all (informal) read ellos/ellas leyeron They read ustedes leyeron You all (formal) read You use the preterit tense like this: Yo leí una bonita poesía ayer. (I read a nice poem yesterday.) Ellos leyeron un libro de historia. (They read a history book.) Imperfect tense conjugation The Imperfect Tense of Leer Conjugation Translation yo leía I used to read tú leías You (informal) used to read él/ella/ello/uno leía He/she/one used to read usted leía You (formal) used to read nosotros leíamos We used to read vosotros leíais You all (informal) used to read ellos/ellas leían They used to read ustedes leían You all (formal) used to read Here are some examples of the imperfect tense: Los estudiantes leían el periódico en clase todos los días. (The students used to read the newspaper in class every day.) Juana leía novelas en el verano. (Juana used to read novels in the summer.) Future tense conjugation The Future Tense of Leer Conjugation Translation yo leeré I will read tú leerás You (informal) will read él/ella/ello/uno leerá He/she/one will read usted leerá You (formal) will read nosotros leeremos We will read vosotros leeréis You all (informal) will read ellos/ellas leerán They will read ustedes leerán You all (formal) will read The following samples put the future tense to work: ¿Leerán los niños sus libros en clase? (Will the children read their books in class?) Sí. Los niños leerán sus libros, y yo leeré el periódico. (Yes. The children will read their books, and I will read the newspaper.)

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Spanish Conjugating the Spanish Verb Dormir (to sleep)

Article / Updated 11-19-2021

Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like dormir (to sleep), you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to: Regular: Follows regular conjugation rules for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs Stem-changing: Morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence Spelling-changing: Has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules Reflexive: Reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence Present tense conjugation In the present tense, dormir (dohr-meer) has an o-to-ue stem change in all but the nosotros and vosotros forms. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include leer, venir, querer, ser. Here’s the present tense conjugation: The Present Tense of Dormir Conjugation Translation yo duermo I sleep tú duermes You (informal) sleep él/ella/ello/uno duerme He/she/one sleeps usted duerme You (formal) sleep nosotros dormimos We sleep vosotros dormís You all (informal) sleep ellos/ellas duermen They sleep ustedes duermen You all (formal) sleep The following examples show you dormir in action: ¿Duermes bien, José? (Do you sleep well, José?) Sí. Yo duermo bien todas las noches. (Yes. I sleep well every night.) Preterit tense conjugation In the preterit, dormir undergoes an o-to-u stem change in the third-person singular and third-person plural forms only. All the other forms conjugate normally. Take a look. The Preterit Tense of Dormir Conjugation Translation yo dormí I slept tú dormiste You (informal) slept él/ella/ello/uno durmió He/she/one slept usted durmió You (formal) slept nosotros dormimos We slept vosotros dormisteis You all (informal) slept ellos/ellas durmieron They slept ustedes durmieron You all (formal) slept You use the preterit tense like this: La profesora durmió. (The professor slept.) Cristina y María durmieron en mi casa. (Cristina and María slept in my house.) Imperfect tense conjugation You’re off the hook with the stem change in the imperfect and future forms; dormir conjugates normally in these tenses. Check out the following tables and examples. The Imperfect Tense of Dormir Conjugation Translation yo dormía I used to sleep tú dormías You (informal) used to sleep él/ella/ello/uno dormía He/she/one used to sleep usted dormía You (formal) used to sleep nosotros dormíamos We used to sleep vosotros dormíais You all (informal) used to sleep ellos/ellas dormían They used to sleep ustedes dormían You all (formal) used to sleep Here are some examples of the imperfect tense: Mi padre dormía y roncaba. (My father used to sleep and snore.) ¿Dormíais vosotros en clase? (Did you used to sleep in class?) Future tense conjugation The Future Tense of Dormir Conjugation Translation yo dormiré I will sleep tú dormirás You (informal) will sleep él/ella/ello/uno dormirá He/she/one will sleep usted dormirá You (formal) will sleep nosotros dormiramos We will sleep vosotros dormiréis You all (informal) will sleep ellos/ellas dormirán They will sleep ustedes dormirán You all (formal) will sleep The following samples put the future tense to work: ¿Dormirán ustedes junto al lago? (Will you sleep near the lake?) No. Dormiremos en la cabina. (No. We will sleep in the cabin.)

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Spanish Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Ser (to Be)

Article / Updated 10-15-2021

Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like ser, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to: regular (follows regular conjugation rules for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs), stem-changing (morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence), spelling-changing (has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules), or reflexive (reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence). But then there are those verbs that refuse to be lumped into a category: the irregulars. Ser (sehr) (to be) is an irregular -er verb; it doesn’t follow most normal ending patterns, so your best bet is to just memorize its conjugations. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include estar, leer, tener, querer. The present tense of ser Here is the Spanish verb ser in the present tense: Conjugation Translation yo soy I am tú eres You (informal) are él/ella/ello/uno es He/she/one is usted es You (formal) are nosotros somos We are vosotros sois You all (informal) are ellos/ellas son They are ustedes son You all (formal) are The following examples show you ser in action: La boda es el veintisiete de junio. (The wedding is the 27th of June.) Ellos son mis abuelos. (They are my grandparents.) The preterit tense of ser The following table shows you ser at work in the preterit tense. Conjugation Translation yo fui I was tú fuiste You (informal) were él/ella/ello/uno fue He/she/one was usted fue You (formal) were nosotros fuimos We were vosotros fuisteis You all (informal) were ellos/ellas fueron They were ustedes fueron You all (formal) were You use the preterit tense like this: Fuimos al baile anoche. (We went to the dance last night.) Fui a verte en tu casa. (I went to see you at your house.) Think you’ve seen these conjugations before? You probably have; it just so happens that they’re also the preterit forms of the verb ir (to go). It may be confusing, but look on the bright side: It’s one fewer set of verbs you have to memorize. The imperfect tense of ser Ser is one of only three irregular imperfect verbs. Here’s that conjugation; notice that, like regular verbs, the first-person and third-person singular forms (yo and usted) are the same. Conjugation Translation yo era I used to be tú eras You (informal) used to be él/ella/ello/uno era He/she/one used to be usted era You (formal) used to be nosotros éramos We used to be vosotros erais You all (informal) used to be ellos/ellas eran They used to be ustedes eran You all (formal) used to be Here are some examples of the imperfect tense: Eramos futbolistas. (We used to be soccer players.) Shakespeare era un gran escritor. (Shakespeare was a great writer.) The future tense of ser Good news! Ser is regular in the future tense, so you can apply the regular verb endings here. Conjugation Translation yo seré I will be tú serás You (informal) will be él/ella/ello/uno será He/she/one will be usted será You (formal) will be nosotros seremos We will be vosotros seréis You all (informal) will be ellos/ellas serán They will be ustedes serán You all (formal) will be The following samples put the future tense to work: María sera una gran bailarina. (Maria will be a great dancer.) Ustedes serán bienvenidos. (You will be welcome.)

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Spanish Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Venir (to come)

Article / Updated 10-07-2021

Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like venir (to come), you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs to: Regular: Follows regular conjugation rules for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs Stem-changing: Morphs depending on how you use it in a sentence Spelling-changing: Has consonant-spelling changes in some forms to follow pronunciation rules Reflexive: Reflects the action back on the subject of the sentence But then there are those verbs that refuse to be lumped into a category: the irregulars. Present tense conjugation In the present tense, venir (bvehn-eer) has an e-to-ie stem change in all but the yo, nosotros, and vosotros forms. The yo form is completely irregular. Other popular irregular Spanish verbs include: hacer, querer, venir and ser. Here’s the present tense conjugation: The Present Tense of Venir Conjugation Translation yo vengo I come tú vienes You (informal) come él/ella/ello/uno viene He/she/one comes usted viene You (formal) come nosotros venimos We come vosotros venís You all (informal) come ellos/ellas vienen They come ustedes vienen You all (formal) come The following examples show you venir in action: Rodolfo y Marisol vienen de la playa. (Rodolfo and Marisol are coming from the beach.) Yo vengo del auditorio. (I am coming from the auditorium.) Preterit tense conjugation In the preterit, venir has an irregular stem: vin-. Notice also that it doesn’t have the accent marks regular verbs use in the preterit. Take a look: The Preterit Tense of Venir Conjugation Translation yo vine I came tú viniste You (informal) came él/ella/ello/uno vino He/she/one came usted vino You (formal) came nosotros vinimos We came vosotros vinisteis You all (informal) came ellos/ellas vinieron They came ustedes vinieron You all (formal) came You use the preterit tense like this: Nosotros vinimos tarde a la fiesta. (We came to the party late.) ¿Vinieron ustedes temprano? (Did you come early?) Imperfect tense conjugation You’re off the hook with the stem change in the imperfect; venir conjugates normally in this tense. Check out the following table and examples. The Imperfect Tense of Venir Conjugation Translation yo venía I used to come tú venías You (informal) used to come él/ella/ello/uno venía He/she/one used to come usted venía You (formal) used to come nosotros veníamos We used to come vosotros veníais You all (informal) used to come ellos/ellas venían They used to come ustedes venían You all (formal) used to come Here are some examples of the imperfect tense: Veníamos al estadio por la mañana. (We used to come to the stadium in the morning.) Vine sin mi pasaporte. (I came without my passport.) Future tense conjugation Venir also has an irregular stem in the future tense: vendr-. However, it does use the normal future endings: The Future Tense of Venir Conjugation Translation yo vendré I will come tú vendrás You (informal) will come él/ella/ello/uno vendrá He/she/one will come usted vendrá You (formal) will come nosotros vendremos We will come vosotros vendréis You all (informal) will come ellos/ellas vendrán They will come ustedes vendrán You all (formal) will come The following samples put the future tense to work: Ellos vendrán a nuestra casa para la recepción. (The will come to our house for the reception.) ¿Vendrás tú con tus padres? (Will you come with your parents?)

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