{"appState":{"pageLoadApiCallsStatus":true},"categoryState":{"relatedCategories":{"headers":{"timestamp":"2023-03-10T08:01:05+00:00"},"categoryId":33687,"data":{"title":"Language & Language Arts","slug":"language-language-arts","image":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687}],"parentCategory":{"categoryId":33662,"title":"Academics & The Arts","slug":"academics-the-arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"}},"childCategories":[{"categoryId":33688,"title":"Grammar & Vocabulary","slug":"grammar-vocabulary","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33688"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":205,"bookCount":9},{"categoryId":33689,"title":"Learning Languages","slug":"learning-languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":706,"bookCount":53},{"categoryId":33706,"title":"Linguistics","slug":"linguistics","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33706"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":15,"bookCount":2},{"categoryId":33709,"title":"Literature","slug":"literature","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33709"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":38,"bookCount":3},{"categoryId":33710,"title":"Reading","slug":"reading","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33710"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":20,"bookCount":2},{"categoryId":33711,"title":"Writing","slug":"writing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33711"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":163,"bookCount":18}],"description":"Language — it's a human thing. Learn or teach a new language, beef up your writing skills, or study the science of language.","relatedArticles":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles?category=33687&offset=0&size=5"},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":1150,"bookCount":87},"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"}},"relatedCategoriesLoadedStatus":"success"},"listState":{"list":{"count":10,"total":1150,"items":[{"headers":{"creationTime":"2023-03-09T21:54:28+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-03-09T21:54:28+00:00","timestamp":"2023-03-10T00:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Grammar & Vocabulary","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33688"},"slug":"grammar-vocabulary","categoryId":33688}],"title":"English Grammar All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"english grammar all-in-one for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"english-grammar-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Keep this Cheat Sheet handy as you're learning English grammar, or reviewing it, for sentence essentials and lots of grammar tips.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"If you're learning English grammar or trying to brush up on some of it, this Cheat Sheet will come in handy. It includes the parts of speech, sentence essentials, tips on using pronouns and punctuation, adding style to your writing, and more.","description":"If you're learning English grammar or trying to brush up on some of it, this Cheat Sheet will come in handy. It includes the parts of speech, sentence essentials, tips on using pronouns and punctuation, adding style to your writing, and more.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":8977,"name":"Geraldine Woods","slug":"geraldine-woods","description":" <p><b>Geraldine Woods</b> has taught every level of English from 5th grade through AP. Her more than 50 books include <i>English Grammar For Dummies</i> and many children&#39;s books. At www.grammarianinthecity.com, Woods blogs about current language trends and amusing signs she spots around New York City. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/8977"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33688,"title":"Grammar & Vocabulary","slug":"grammar-vocabulary","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33688"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":252134,"title":"How to Climb the Ladder of Language Formality","slug":"climb-ladder-language-formality","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","grammar-vocabulary"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/252134"}},{"articleId":252131,"title":"How to Match Your Message to the Situation","slug":"match-message-situation","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","grammar-vocabulary"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/252131"}},{"articleId":252128,"title":"How to Choose the Correct Verb for Negative Expressions","slug":"choose-correct-verb-negative-expressions","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","grammar-vocabulary"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/252128"}},{"articleId":252125,"title":"How to Question with Verbs","slug":"how-to-question-with-verbs","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","grammar-vocabulary"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/252125"}},{"articleId":252122,"title":"How to Properly Add Helping Verbs","slug":"properly-add-helping-verbs","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","grammar-vocabulary"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/252122"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":297624,"slug":"english-grammar-all-in-one-for-dummies","isbn":"9781394159444","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","grammar-vocabulary"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1394159447/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1394159447/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1394159447-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1394159447/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1394159447/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/english-grammar-all-in-one-for-dummies-cover-1394159447-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"English Grammar All-in-One For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"<p><p><b><b data-author-id=\"8977\">Geraldine Woods</b></b> has taught every level of English from 5th grade through AP. Her more than 50 books include <i>English Grammar For Dummies</i> and many children&#39;s books. At www.grammarianinthecity.com, Woods blogs about current language trends and amusing signs she spots around New York City.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":8977,"name":"Geraldine Woods","slug":"geraldine-woods","description":" <p><b>Geraldine Woods</b> has taught every level of English from 5th grade through AP. Her more than 50 books include <i>English Grammar For Dummies</i> and many children&#39;s books. At www.grammarianinthecity.com, Woods blogs about current language trends and amusing signs she spots around New York City. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/8977"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;grammar-vocabulary&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781394159444&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-640a733f4f19b\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;grammar-vocabulary&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781394159444&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-640a733f4fb79\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":0,"title":"","slug":null,"categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/"}}],"content":[{"title":"Parts of speech","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Parts of speech are the building blocks of the English language. If you know how to use them properly, you can communicate more effectively. Here they are, with a few examples in parentheses:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Noun: </strong>Names a person, place, thing, idea <em>(</em><em>Lulu, jail, cantaloupe, loyalty)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Pronoun: </strong>Takes the place of a noun <em>(</em><em>he, they, who, I, what)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Verb: </strong>Expresses action or being <em>(</em><em>scrambled, was, should win</em>, <em>must study)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Adjective: </strong>Describes a noun or pronoun <em>(</em><em>messy, strange, alien</em>, <em>hilarious)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Adverb: </strong>Describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb <em>(</em><em>willingly, woefully, very</em>, <em>soon, here)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Preposition: </strong>Relates a noun or a pronoun to another word in the sentence <em>(</em><em>by, for, from</em>, <em>according to, of)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Conjunction: </strong>Ties together two words or groups of words <em>(</em><em>and, but, after, although, because)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Interjection: </strong>Not grammatically connected to the sentence, generally expresses strong emotion <em>(</em><em>yikes! wow! ouch!)</em></li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Sentence essentials","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The smallest writing unit that reflects your personal style, a sentence is the vehicle that drives your message home to the reader.</p>\n<p>Here’s what you need in a sentence, according to the rules of Standard English:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Complete thought: </strong>Don’t leave the reader hanging, wondering what comes next. Long or short, the sentence must express at least one complete idea.</li>\n<li><strong>Subject–verb pair: </strong>The verb expresses action or state of being, and the subject is the person or thing performing that action or existing in that state of being. The pair must match: <em>Gene is marching </em>(subject = <em>Gene, </em>verb = <em>is marching) </em>matches, but <em>Gene marching </em>doesn’t.</li>\n<li><strong>End mark:</strong> A period, a question mark, or an exclamation point must appear at the end of a sentence.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Here’s what to avoid:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Run-ons and comma splices: </strong>Don’t jam together two or more subject-verb expressions with no punctuation or just a comma. Link them with a conjunction (<em>and, or, but, nor, for, since, although, because, </em>and similar words) or a semicolon ( ; ).</li>\n<li><strong>Fragments: </strong>Don’t spool out a string of ideas with no matching subject-verb pair or complete thought, as this fragment does: <em>Because Pete, moving sheets of paper on his desk, everyone thinking he was working.</em> It looks important and official, right? It’s a fragment, though. The correct version: <em>Because Pete was moving sheets of paper on his desk, everyone thought he was working.</em></li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Pronoun tips","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Pronouns have undergone some changes in recent years — just as they have for centuries. (That’s why this isn’t <em>thy </em>book.) Pronouns streamline expression, show possession, and unify ideas. Here are different types of pronouns:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pronouns that may be used only as subjects or subject complements: <em>I, he, she, we, they, who, whoever</em></li>\n<li>Pronouns that may be used only as objects or objective complements: <em>me, him, her, us, them, whom, whomever</em></li>\n<li>Common pronouns that may be used as either subjects or objects: <em>you, it, everyone, anyone, no one, someone, mine, ours, yours, theirs, either, neither, each, everybody, anybody, nobody, somebody, everything, anything, nothing, something, any, none, some, which, what, that</em></li>\n<li>Pronouns that show possession: <em>my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs, whose</em></li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Adding style","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>To liven up your writing, consider these elements:</p>\n<h3><strong>Descriptions</strong></h3>\n<p>Add some adjectives (describing nouns and pronouns) or adverbs (describing verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs). Throw in some single-word descriptions <em>(solid, slowly), </em>a few phrases <em>(by the sea, in the sky), </em>and maybe a longer, subject-verb statement <em>(that Henry wrote, where Julie paddles). </em></p>\n<p>Take your descriptive powers to the next level with verb forms that also act as descriptions <em>(running around in circles, having joined the circus).</em></p>\n<h3><strong>Complements</strong></h3>\n<p>Objects (nouns or pronouns that receive the action of a verb) and subject complements (nouns, pronouns, or adjectives that complete the linking verb statement) allow you to <em>scold the dog </em>(<em>dog = </em>direct object) and notice that the room is <em>bright (bright = </em>subject complement).</p>\n<h3><strong>Active voice</strong></h3>\n<p>When you can, opt for active voice <em>(Juliet spoke from her balcony)</em>, which is generally stronger and more fluid than passive <em>(Romeo was spoken to by Juliet).</em></p>\n<h3><strong>Sentence length and pattern</strong></h3>\n<p>Have you ever read a paragraph in which all the sentences are long and boring, following the same pattern (usually, subject-verb-complement) without a single change? Snoozefest!</p>\n<p>Play around with long and short sentences. Move some elements around to create interest <em>(All day and all night worked Luke</em> instead of the more common <em>Luke worked all day and all night)</em>.</p>\n"},{"title":"Tips for subject-verb agreement","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Grammarians argue a lot, but they agree that grammatical elements should agree: Singular subjects pair with singular verbs, and plural subjects with plural verbs. Consider these tricky points:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amounts of time and money are usually singular. (Ten dollars <em>is . . . </em>three years <em>was</em> . . .)</li>\n<li>For <em>either–or</em> and <em>neither–nor,</em> match the verb to the closest subject. (Neither the boys nor the girl <em>is. . . </em>Either the girl or the boys <em>are</em> . . .)</li>\n<li><em>Either</em> and <em>neither</em>, without their partners <em>or</em> and <em>nor,</em> always take a singular verb. <em>(</em><em>Either </em>of the apples <em>is . . . Neither </em>of the boxes <em>was . . .)</em></li>\n<li>All subjects preceded by <em>each</em> and <em>every</em> take a singular verb.</li>\n<li><em>Both, few, several, </em>and <em>many</em> are always plural.</li>\n<li><em>Any, some, none, most, </em>and <em>all</em> may be either singular or plural. If you’re talking about something plural, use a plural verb. <em>(</em><em>All </em>of the shoes <em>are . . .)</em> If you’re talking about something singular, use a singular verb. <em>(</em><em>Some</em> of the land <em>is . . .)</em></li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Punctuation tips","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Punctuation can express emotion, create questions, indicate quoted material, and do all sorts of other useful tasks, such as these:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Comma</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Sets apart the name of a person being addressed</li>\n<li>Follows an introductory expression</li>\n<li>Separates extra, nonessential statements from the rest of the sentence</li>\n<li>Follows the greeting (<em>Dear Aunt Janet, </em>for example) in an informal letter</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Semicolon</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Joins two complete sentences without using <em>and, but,</em> or similar words</li>\n<li>Separates items in a list when at least one item contains a comma</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Colon</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Introduces a long quotation</li>\n<li>Introduces a long list</li>\n<li>Follows the greeting (for example,<em> Dear Mr. Jones:</em>) in a formal letter</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Dash</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Separates and adds emphasis to an extra comment in a sentence</li>\n<li>Shows a range <em>(numbers 1–64)</em></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Apostrophe</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Shows possession (<em>Herman’s </em>hermit, <em>the girls’</em> gym class)</li>\n<li>Substitutes for missing numerals <em>(’07)</em></li>\n<li>Substitutes for missing letters in contractions <em>(isn’t, what’s, </em>and<em> he’s)</em></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Hyphen</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Divides words or syllables at the end of a line</li>\n<li>Links two descriptions of one word <em>(second-string violinist)</em></li>\n<li>Attaches prefixes to words that start with capital letters <em>(anti-Nazi)</em></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Verb tense","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Verbs change in form to tell the time period, or <em>tense</em>. You use different verb forms to indicate whether an action has already happened, is happening now, will happen in the future, and several different variations:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Present:</strong> Happening at the current time <em>(I talk, he talks, they talk)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Present progressive: </strong>In the process of happening <em>(I am talking, he is talking, they are talking)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Past:</strong> Happened before now <em>(I talked, he talked, they talked)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Past progressive:</strong> Happened over a period of time before now <em>(I was talking, he was talking, they were talking)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Future: </strong>Will happen after the present time <em>(I will talk, he will talk, they will talk)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Future progressive:</strong> Will happen over a period of time after the present time <em>(I will be talking, he will be talking, they will be talking)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Present perfect: </strong>Started in the past and continues in the present <em>(I have talked, he has talked, they have talked)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Past perfect: </strong>Happened in the past before another event in the past <em>(I had talked, he had talked, they had talked)</em></li>\n<li><strong>Future perfect: </strong>Will happen in the future before a deadline <em>(I will have talked, he will have talked, they will have talked)</em></li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-03-09T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":297744},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T23:09:25+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-02-09T21:51:46+00:00","timestamp":"2023-02-10T00:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Checking into a Hotel in Spanish","strippedTitle":"checking into a hotel in spanish","slug":"checking-into-a-hotel-in-spanish","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"If you're traveling abroad, knowing a few Spanish hotel words and phrases can help you find good hotel accommodations in a Spanish-speaking area. The following ","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"If you're traveling abroad, knowing a few Spanish hotel words and phrases can help you find good hotel accommodations in a Spanish-speaking area. The following dialogue shows what could be a common dialogue between a traveler and a hotel receptionist.\r\n\r\nAnita has just arrived in town, and she’s at the front desk of a large hotel. She asks for a room for the night.\r\n\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Necesito una habitación, con baño.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>neh-seh-</i><i><u>see</u></i><i>-toh </i><i><u>oo</u></i><i>-nah ah-bvee-tah-see</i><i><u>ohn</u></i><i> kohn </i><i><u>bvah</u></i><i>-nyoh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I need a room, with bath.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist</b><b>:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>¿Le gusta hacia la calle o hacia el patio?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>leh </i><i><u>goos</u></i><i>-tah </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-seeah lah </i><i><u>kah</u></i><i>-yeh oh </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-seeah ehl </i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-teeoh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Do you prefer a room facing the street or the patio?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita</b><b>:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Prefiero hacia el patio.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>preh-fee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-roh </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-seeah ehl </i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-teeoh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I prefer it toward the patio.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Las del patio son muy tranquilas. Las habitaciones hacia el patio cuestan cuarenta pesos, sin desayuno.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>lahs dehl </i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-teeoh sohn mooy trahn-</i><i><u>kee</u></i><i>-lahs lahs ah-bvee-tah-see</i><i><u>oh</u></i><i>-nehs </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-seeah ehl </i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-teeoh koo</i><i><u>ehs</u></i><i>-tahn kooah-</i><i><u>rehn</u></i><i>-tah </i><i><u>peh</u></i><i>-sohs seen deh-sah-</i><i><u>yoo</u></i><i>-noh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>The patio rooms are very quiet. The rooms facing the patio cost forty pesos, without breakfast.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>En el primer piso?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>ehn ehl pree-</i><i><u>mehr</u></i><i> </i><i><u>pee</u></i><i>-soh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>On the first floor?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>No, las del segundo piso. Las del primero son a cincuenta pesos.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>noh lahs dehl seh-</i><i><u>goon</u></i><i>-doh </i><i><u>pee</u></i><i>-soh lahs dehl pree-</i><i><u>meh</u></i><i>-roh sohn a seen-koo</i><i><u>ehn</u></i><i>-tah </i><i><u>peh</u></i><i>-sohs</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>No, the second floor ones. The first floor rooms are priced at fifty pesos.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Prefiero una en el primer piso.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>preh-fee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-roh </i><i><u>oo</u></i><i>-nah ehn ehl pree-</i><i><u>mehr</u></i><i> </i><i><u>pee</u></i><i>-soh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I prefer one on the first floor.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Muy bien, señora.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>mooy bvee</i><i><u>ehn</u></i><i> sey-nyoh-rah</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Very well.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>¿Prefiere con cama matrimonial o con dos camas?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>preh-fee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-reh kohn </i><i><u>kah</u></i><i>-mah mah-tree-moh-nee</i><i><u>ahl</u></i><i> oh kohn dohs </i><i><u>kah</u></i><i>-mahs</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Do you prefer a double bed or two beds?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Prefiero con dos camas.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>preh-fee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-roh kohn dohs </i><i><u>kah</u></i><i>-mahs</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I prefer two beds.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Tengo disponible en el primer piso la habitación número ciento diecinueve. Quiere verla?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i><u>tehn</u></i><i>-goh dees-poh-</i><i><u>nee</u></i><i>-bvleh ehn ehl pree-</i><i><u>mehr</u></i><i> </i><i><u>pee</u></i><i>-soh lah ah-bvee-tah-see</i><i><u>ohn</u></i><i> </i><i><u>noo</u></i><i>-meh-roh seeehn-toh-deeeh-see-noo</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-bveh kee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-reh bvehr-</i><i><u>lah</u></i><i><u></u></i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Room 119 is available on the first floor. Do you want to see it?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Sí, quiero verla.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>see kee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-roh </i><i><u>bvehr</u></i><i>-lah</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Yes, I want to see it.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Pedro, acompañe a la señora a la habitación ciento diecinueve. Aquí está la llave.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i><u>peh</u></i><i>-droh ah-kohm-</i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-nyeh ah lah seh-</i><i><u>nyoh</u></i><i>-rah ah lah ah-bvee-tah-see</i><i><u>ohn</u></i><i> seeehn-toh-deeeh-see-noo</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-bveh. ah-</i><i><u>kee</u></i><i> ehs-</i><i><u>tah</u></i><i> lah </i><i><u>yah</u></i><i>-bveh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Pedro, take the lady to room 119. Here’s the key.</blockquote>\r\nAnita likes the room. Now she needs to take care of the arrangements and check in.\r\n\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Me gusta la habitación ciento diecinueve. La voy a tomar.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>meh </i><i><u>goos</u></i><i>-tah lah ah-bvee-tah-see</i><i><u>ohn</u></i><i> seeehn-toh-deeeh-see-noo</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-bveh lah bvohy ah toh-</i><i><u>mahr</u></i><i><u></u></i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I like room 119. I’m going to take it.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>¿Cuántos días desea quedarse?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>koo-</i><i><u>ahn</u></i><i>-tohs deeahs deh-</i><i><u>seh</u></i><i>-ah keh-</i><i><u>dahr</u></i><i>-</i><i>she</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>How many days do you want to stay?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Me quedo por tres dias.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>meh </i><i><u>keh</u></i><i>-doh pohr trehs </i><i><u>dee</u></i><i>ahs</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I’m staying three days.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Haga el favor de registrarse. El desayuno no está incluído en el precio. ¿Va a hacer un depósito por la primera noche?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-gah ehl fah-</i><i><u>bvohr</u></i><i> deh reh-Hees-</i><i><u>trahr</u></i><i>-she ehl deh-sah-</i><i><u>yoo</u></i><i>-noh noh ehs-</i><i><u>tah</u></i><i> een-kloo</i><i><u>ee</u></i><i>-doh ehn ehl </i><i><u>preh</u></i><i>-seeoh bvah ah </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-sehr oon deh-</i><i><u>poh</u></i><i>-see-toh pohr lah pree-</i><i><u>meh</u></i><i>-rah </i><i><u>noh</u></i><i>-cheh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Please check in. Breakfast is not included in the price. Are you going to make a deposit for the first night?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Sí, lo voy a hacer. ¿Con tarjeta o efectivo?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>see loh bvohy ah </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-sehr kohn tahr-</i><i><u>Heh</u></i><i>-tah oh eh-fehk-</i><i><u>tee</u></i><i>-bvoh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Yes, I’ll make it. Cash or credit card?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Como usted guste.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i><u>koh</u></i><i>-moh oos-</i><i><u>tehd</u></i><i> </i><i><u>goos</u></i><i>-</i><i>the</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Whichever you like.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>¿Me pueden despertar a las siete de la mañana?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>meh poo</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-dehn dehs-pehr-</i><i><u>tahr</u></i><i> ah lahs see</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-teh deh lah mah-</i><i><u>nyah</u></i><i>-nah</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Can you wake me at seven in the morning?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Como no. Que pase buenas noches.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i><u>koh</u></i><i>-moh noh keh </i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-seh bvoo</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-nahs </i><i><u>noh</u></i><i>-chehs</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Of course. Have a good night.</blockquote>","description":"If you're traveling abroad, knowing a few Spanish hotel words and phrases can help you find good hotel accommodations in a Spanish-speaking area. The following dialogue shows what could be a common dialogue between a traveler and a hotel receptionist.\r\n\r\nAnita has just arrived in town, and she’s at the front desk of a large hotel. She asks for a room for the night.\r\n\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Necesito una habitación, con baño.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>neh-seh-</i><i><u>see</u></i><i>-toh </i><i><u>oo</u></i><i>-nah ah-bvee-tah-see</i><i><u>ohn</u></i><i> kohn </i><i><u>bvah</u></i><i>-nyoh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I need a room, with bath.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist</b><b>:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>¿Le gusta hacia la calle o hacia el patio?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>leh </i><i><u>goos</u></i><i>-tah </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-seeah lah </i><i><u>kah</u></i><i>-yeh oh </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-seeah ehl </i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-teeoh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Do you prefer a room facing the street or the patio?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita</b><b>:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Prefiero hacia el patio.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>preh-fee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-roh </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-seeah ehl </i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-teeoh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I prefer it toward the patio.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Las del patio son muy tranquilas. Las habitaciones hacia el patio cuestan cuarenta pesos, sin desayuno.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>lahs dehl </i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-teeoh sohn mooy trahn-</i><i><u>kee</u></i><i>-lahs lahs ah-bvee-tah-see</i><i><u>oh</u></i><i>-nehs </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-seeah ehl </i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-teeoh koo</i><i><u>ehs</u></i><i>-tahn kooah-</i><i><u>rehn</u></i><i>-tah </i><i><u>peh</u></i><i>-sohs seen deh-sah-</i><i><u>yoo</u></i><i>-noh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>The patio rooms are very quiet. The rooms facing the patio cost forty pesos, without breakfast.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>En el primer piso?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>ehn ehl pree-</i><i><u>mehr</u></i><i> </i><i><u>pee</u></i><i>-soh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>On the first floor?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>No, las del segundo piso. Las del primero son a cincuenta pesos.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>noh lahs dehl seh-</i><i><u>goon</u></i><i>-doh </i><i><u>pee</u></i><i>-soh lahs dehl pree-</i><i><u>meh</u></i><i>-roh sohn a seen-koo</i><i><u>ehn</u></i><i>-tah </i><i><u>peh</u></i><i>-sohs</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>No, the second floor ones. The first floor rooms are priced at fifty pesos.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Prefiero una en el primer piso.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>preh-fee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-roh </i><i><u>oo</u></i><i>-nah ehn ehl pree-</i><i><u>mehr</u></i><i> </i><i><u>pee</u></i><i>-soh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I prefer one on the first floor.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Muy bien, señora.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>mooy bvee</i><i><u>ehn</u></i><i> sey-nyoh-rah</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Very well.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>¿Prefiere con cama matrimonial o con dos camas?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>preh-fee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-reh kohn </i><i><u>kah</u></i><i>-mah mah-tree-moh-nee</i><i><u>ahl</u></i><i> oh kohn dohs </i><i><u>kah</u></i><i>-mahs</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Do you prefer a double bed or two beds?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Prefiero con dos camas.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>preh-fee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-roh kohn dohs </i><i><u>kah</u></i><i>-mahs</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I prefer two beds.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Tengo disponible en el primer piso la habitación número ciento diecinueve. Quiere verla?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i><u>tehn</u></i><i>-goh dees-poh-</i><i><u>nee</u></i><i>-bvleh ehn ehl pree-</i><i><u>mehr</u></i><i> </i><i><u>pee</u></i><i>-soh lah ah-bvee-tah-see</i><i><u>ohn</u></i><i> </i><i><u>noo</u></i><i>-meh-roh seeehn-toh-deeeh-see-noo</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-bveh kee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-reh bvehr-</i><i><u>lah</u></i><i><u></u></i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Room 119 is available on the first floor. Do you want to see it?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Sí, quiero verla.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>see kee</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-roh </i><i><u>bvehr</u></i><i>-lah</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Yes, I want to see it.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Pedro, acompañe a la señora a la habitación ciento diecinueve. Aquí está la llave.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i><u>peh</u></i><i>-droh ah-kohm-</i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-nyeh ah lah seh-</i><i><u>nyoh</u></i><i>-rah ah lah ah-bvee-tah-see</i><i><u>ohn</u></i><i> seeehn-toh-deeeh-see-noo</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-bveh. ah-</i><i><u>kee</u></i><i> ehs-</i><i><u>tah</u></i><i> lah </i><i><u>yah</u></i><i>-bveh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Pedro, take the lady to room 119. Here’s the key.</blockquote>\r\nAnita likes the room. Now she needs to take care of the arrangements and check in.\r\n\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Me gusta la habitación ciento diecinueve. La voy a tomar.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>meh </i><i><u>goos</u></i><i>-tah lah ah-bvee-tah-see</i><i><u>ohn</u></i><i> seeehn-toh-deeeh-see-noo</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-bveh lah bvohy ah toh-</i><i><u>mahr</u></i><i><u></u></i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I like room 119. I’m going to take it.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>¿Cuántos días desea quedarse?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>koo-</i><i><u>ahn</u></i><i>-tohs deeahs deh-</i><i><u>seh</u></i><i>-ah keh-</i><i><u>dahr</u></i><i>-</i><i>she</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>How many days do you want to stay?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Me quedo por tres dias.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>meh </i><i><u>keh</u></i><i>-doh pohr trehs </i><i><u>dee</u></i><i>ahs</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>I’m staying three days.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Haga el favor de registrarse. El desayuno no está incluído en el precio. ¿Va a hacer un depósito por la primera noche?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-gah ehl fah-</i><i><u>bvohr</u></i><i> deh reh-Hees-</i><i><u>trahr</u></i><i>-she ehl deh-sah-</i><i><u>yoo</u></i><i>-noh noh ehs-</i><i><u>tah</u></i><i> een-kloo</i><i><u>ee</u></i><i>-doh ehn ehl </i><i><u>preh</u></i><i>-seeoh bvah ah </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-sehr oon deh-</i><i><u>poh</u></i><i>-see-toh pohr lah pree-</i><i><u>meh</u></i><i>-rah </i><i><u>noh</u></i><i>-cheh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Please check in. Breakfast is not included in the price. Are you going to make a deposit for the first night?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Sí, lo voy a hacer. ¿Con tarjeta o efectivo?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>see loh bvohy ah </i><i><u>ah</u></i><i>-sehr kohn tahr-</i><i><u>Heh</u></i><i>-tah oh eh-fehk-</i><i><u>tee</u></i><i>-bvoh</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Yes, I’ll make it. Cash or credit card?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Como usted guste.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i><u>koh</u></i><i>-moh oos-</i><i><u>tehd</u></i><i> </i><i><u>goos</u></i><i>-</i><i>the</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Whichever you like.</blockquote>\r\n<b>Anita:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>¿Me pueden despertar a las siete de la mañana?</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i>meh poo</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-dehn dehs-pehr-</i><i><u>tahr</u></i><i> ah lahs see</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-teh deh lah mah-</i><i><u>nyah</u></i><i>-nah</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Can you wake me at seven in the morning?</blockquote>\r\n<b>Receptionist:</b>\r\n<blockquote><b>Como no. Que pase buenas noches.</b></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><i><u>koh</u></i><i>-moh noh keh </i><i><u>pah</u></i><i>-seh bvoo</i><i><u>eh</u></i><i>-nahs </i><i><u>noh</u></i><i>-chehs</i></blockquote>\r\n<blockquote>Of course. Have a good night.</blockquote>","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":295744,"title":"Spanish Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-workbook-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/295744"}},{"articleId":209434,"title":"Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-verbs-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209434"}},{"articleId":209154,"title":"Spanish All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209154"}},{"articleId":208766,"title":"Spanish For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208766"}},{"articleId":208340,"title":"Spanish Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-grammar-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208340"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63e5893f38260\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63e5893f38b00\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-02-09T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":202738},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:47:45+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-02-09T21:50:15+00:00","timestamp":"2023-02-10T00:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"German","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33696"},"slug":"german","categoryId":33696}],"title":"Intermediate German For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"intermediate german for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"intermediate-german-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Do you know the basics of German but want to know ein bisschen mehr (a little more)? Brush up on pronouns and verb tenses here!","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Maybe you're familiar with some basics of German grammar, but you want to become more confident in both writing and speaking in German. This quick overview will reacquaint you with personal pronouns — try to memorize these and be sure you know all three cases — and help you brush up on present tense verb construction. With practice and time, you'll soon be off and having fun <em>auf Deutsch</em> (in German)!","description":"Maybe you're familiar with some basics of German grammar, but you want to become more confident in both writing and speaking in German. This quick overview will reacquaint you with personal pronouns — try to memorize these and be sure you know all three cases — and help you brush up on present tense verb construction. With practice and time, you'll soon be off and having fun <em>auf Deutsch</em> (in German)!","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9350,"name":"Wendy Foster","slug":"wendy-foster","description":" <p><b>Berlitz<sup>&#174;</sup> </b>has taught languages to millions of people for more than 130 years. <b>Paulina Christensen, PhD, </b>and <b>Anne Fox</b> are veteran language instructors. <b>Wendy Foster </b>is a language instructor and the author of <i>Intermediate German For Dummies.</i></p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9350"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33696,"title":"German","slug":"german","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33696"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":208763,"title":"German Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"german-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","german"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208763"}},{"articleId":207967,"title":"German All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"german-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","german"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207967"}},{"articleId":201134,"title":"Introducing Yourself and Your Friends in German","slug":"introducing-yourself-and-your-friends-in-german","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","german"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201134"}},{"articleId":200988,"title":"Mastering the Calendar and Dates in German","slug":"mastering-the-calendar-and-dates-in-german","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","german"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200988"}},{"articleId":200015,"title":"Getting to Know German Verb Tenses","slug":"getting-to-know-german-verb-tenses","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","german"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200015"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;german&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63e5893f2896f\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;german&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63e5893f29a38\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":147842,"title":"German Personal Pronouns","slug":"german-personal-pronouns","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/147842"}},{"articleId":147834,"title":"German Regular Verb Forms in the Present Tense","slug":"german-regular-verb-forms-in-the-present-tense","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/147834"}},{"articleId":147835,"title":"German Modal Verbs in Present Tense","slug":"german-modal-verbs-in-present-tense","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/147835"}}],"content":[{"title":"German personal pronouns","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>In German, as in English, the personal pronoun family comes in very handy in all kinds of situations when you want to talk (or write) about people, including yourself, without repeating names all the time.</p>\n<p class=\"Tip\">With German personal pronouns, the biggest difference is that you have to distinguish among three ways to formulate how to say you to your counterpart: du, ihr, and Sie. Other personal pronouns, like ich and mich (I and me) or wir and uns (we and us), bear a closer resemblance to English. Note: The genitive case isn&#8217;t represented among the personal pronouns because it indicates possession; the personal pronoun mich (me) can represent only a person, not something he or she possesses.</p>\n<p>Notice in the following table that you and it don&#8217;t change, and the accusative (for direct objects) and dative (for indirect objects) pronouns are identical in English.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Person</th>\n<th>Subject Pronoun<br />\n(Nominative)</th>\n<th>Direct Object Pronoun<br />\n(Accusative)</th>\n<th>Indirect Object Pronoun<br />\n(Dative)</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1st person singular</td>\n<td><strong>ich</strong> (<em>I</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>mich</strong> (<em>me</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>mir</strong> (<em>me</em>)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2nd person singular, informal</td>\n<td><strong>du</strong> (<em>you</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>dich</strong> (<em>you</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>dir</strong> (<em>you</em>)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3rd person singular (masculine)</td>\n<td><strong>er</strong> (<em>he, it</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>ihn</strong> (<em>him, it</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>ihm</strong> (<em>him, it</em>)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3rd person singular (feminine)</td>\n<td><strong>sie</strong> (<em>she, it</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>sie</strong> (<em>her, it</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>ihr</strong> (<em>her, it</em>)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3rd person singular (neuter)</td>\n<td><strong>es</strong> (<em>it</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>es</strong> (<em>it</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>ihm</strong> (<em>it</em>)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1st person plural</td>\n<td><strong>wir</strong> (<em>we</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>uns</strong> (<em>us</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>uns</strong> (<em>us</em>)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2nd person plural, informal</td>\n<td><strong>ihr</strong> (<em>you</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>euch</strong> (<em>you</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>euch</strong> (<em>you</em>)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3rd person plural</td>\n<td><strong>sie</strong> (<em>they</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>sie</strong> (<em>them</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>ihnen</strong> (<em>them</em>)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2nd person formal, singular or plural</td>\n<td><strong>Sie</strong> (<em>you</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>Sie</strong> (<em>you</em>)</td>\n<td><strong>Ihnen</strong> (<em>you</em>)</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"German regular verb forms in the present tense","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Talking and writing in German is usually a matter of knowing how to construct a verb in the present tense with the help of a noun (subject) and a few other elements. Most German verbs are regular, meaning they follow a standard pattern of conjugation.</p>\n<p class=\"Remember\">To conjugate a regular verb in the present tense, just drop the -en from the infinitive and add the appropriate ending to the stem. In the present tense, English has only the ending -s or no ending at all (I live, you live, he lives), whereas German has four endings (-e, -st, -t, and -en).</p>\n<p>In the following table, <b>a</b><b>rbeiten</b><b> </b>(<i>to work</i>) represents a verb type that has slightly different endings in the <b>du, er/sie/es,</b><b> </b>and <b>ihr</b><b> </b>forms; <b>tanzen</b><b> </b>(<i>to dance</i>) and <b>heißen</b><b> </b>(<i>to be called</i> ) stand for types with different endings in the <b>du</b><b> </b>form. Verb endings are indicated in bold.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Person</th>\n<th>Wohnen (to live)</th>\n<th>Arbeiten (to work)</th>\n<th>Tanzen (to dance)</th>\n<th>Heißen (to be called)</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ich</td>\n<td>wohn<strong>e</strong></td>\n<td>arbei<strong>te</strong></td>\n<td>tan<strong>ze</strong></td>\n<td>heiß<strong>e</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>du</td>\n<td>wohn<strong>st</strong></td>\n<td>arbei<strong>test</strong></td>\n<td>tan<strong>zt</strong></td>\n<td>heiß<strong>t</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>er/sie/es</td>\n<td>wohn<strong>t</strong></td>\n<td>arbei<strong>tet</strong></td>\n<td>tan<strong>zt</strong></td>\n<td>heiß<strong>t</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>wir</td>\n<td>wohn<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>arbei<strong>ten</strong></td>\n<td>tan<strong>zen</strong></td>\n<td>heiß<strong>en</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ihr</td>\n<td>wohn<strong>t</strong></td>\n<td>arbei<strong>tet</strong></td>\n<td>tan<strong>zt</strong></td>\n<td>heiß<strong>t</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>sie/Sie</td>\n<td>wohn<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>arbei<strong>ten</strong></td>\n<td>tan<strong>zen</strong></td>\n<td>heiß<strong>en</strong></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"German modal verbs in present tense","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>In German, modal verbs modify the main verb in the sentence. Here&#8217;s how they work: You take a plain old verb or phrase like eat, sleep, walk, plant a garden, play tennis, learn how to play chess, or do nothing. Then you think about your attitude toward these activities, and you decide you want to say <u>I like to</u> eat, I <u>must</u> sleep more, I <u>would like to</u> walk every day, I <u>should</u> plant a garden, I <u>can</u> play tennis well, I <u>want to</u> learn how to play chess, or I <u>may</u> do nothing. The underlined modal verbs offer you a wide range of ways to express your attitude toward actions such as eat, sleep, play, and learn.</p>\n<p>Modal verbs such as obligation (<b>sollen</b>), ability (<b>können</b>), or permission (<b>dürfen</b>) usually come in second position; any other verbs get booted to the end of the sentence or clause. Modal verbs may stand alone without the main verb when the meaning of the main verb is clear from the context.</p>\n<p class=\"Tip\">These verbs all have regular verb endings in their plural forms (wir, ihr, sie, and Sie). Most of them also have irregular verb changes, some of which you can see in the examples in the following table.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Person</th>\n<th>Dürfen (may, to be allowed to)</th>\n<th>Können (can, to be able to)</th>\n<th>Mögen (to like)</th>\n<th>Möchten (would like)</th>\n<th>Müssen (must)</th>\n<th>Sollen (should)</th>\n<th>Wollen (to want to)</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ich</td>\n<td><strong>darf</strong></td>\n<td><strong>kann</strong></td>\n<td><strong>mag</strong></td>\n<td>möcht<strong>e</strong></td>\n<td><strong>muss</strong></td>\n<td><strong>soll</strong></td>\n<td><strong>will</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>du</td>\n<td><strong>darfst</strong></td>\n<td><strong>kannst</strong></td>\n<td><strong>magst</strong></td>\n<td>möcht<strong>est</strong></td>\n<td><strong>musst</strong></td>\n<td>soll<strong>st</strong></td>\n<td><strong>willst</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>er/sie/es</td>\n<td><strong>darf</strong></td>\n<td><strong>kann</strong></td>\n<td><strong>mag</strong></td>\n<td>möcht<strong>e</strong></td>\n<td><strong>muss</strong></td>\n<td><strong>soll</strong></td>\n<td><strong>will</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>wir</td>\n<td>dü<strong>rfen</strong></td>\n<td>könn<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>mög<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>möcht<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>müss<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>soll<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>woll<strong>en</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ihr</td>\n<td>dü<strong>rft</strong></td>\n<td>könn<strong>t</strong></td>\n<td>mög<strong>t</strong></td>\n<td>möcht<strong>et</strong></td>\n<td>müss<strong>t</strong></td>\n<td>soll<strong>t</strong></td>\n<td>woll<strong>t</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>sie/Sie</td>\n<td>dü<strong>rfen</strong></td>\n<td>könn<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>mög<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>möcht<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>müss<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>soll<strong>en</strong></td>\n<td>woll<strong>en</strong></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-03-22T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207616},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T20:59:38+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-02-09T20:41:51+00:00","timestamp":"2023-02-09T21:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Italian","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33698"},"slug":"italian","categoryId":33698}],"title":"How to Order Food in Italian","strippedTitle":"how to order food in italian","slug":"how-to-order-food-in-italian","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Whether you're on a short visit to an Italian-speaking country or you're planning to take up residence in Italy itself, knowing how to order food in Italian is ","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Whether you're on a short visit to an Italian-speaking country or you're planning to take up residence in Italy itself, knowing how to order food in Italian is essential. Eating out can be a lot of fun, especially if you know some basic vocabulary.\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">The Italian <strong>bar</strong> is really what Americans would call a café. There you can get breakfast (coffee and a pastry), snacks, sandwiches, and salty snacks to accompany your before-dinner drink.</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote><strong>assegno</strong> (<em>ahs-seh-</em>nyoh) [m] (check)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>pagare</strong> (pah<em>-gah-</em>reh) (to pay)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>soldi</strong> (<em>sohl-</em>dee) [m/pl] (money)</blockquote>\r\nIn Italian-speaking countries, as in most of the rest of the world, there are three meals a day: <strong>colazione </strong>(koh-lah-tsee<em>-oh-</em>neh) [f] (breakfast), <strong>pranzo</strong> (<em>prahn-</em>tsoh) [m] (lunch), and <strong>cena</strong> (<em>cheh</em>-nah) [f] (dinner).\r\n\r\nThe following phrases might help you when you're eating at a restaurant.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Vorrei prenotare.</strong> (I’d like to make a reservation.)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Per che ora?</strong> (For what time?)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Per quante persone?</strong> (For how many people?)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>No, non abbiamo prenotato.</strong> (No, we don’t have a reservation.)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Ci porti il conto, per favore.</strong> [Formal] (Bring us the check, please.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nHere are some food items you can order:\r\n<blockquote><strong>antipasti</strong> (<em>ahn-tee-pahs-tee</em>) [m] (appetizers)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>carne </strong>(<em>kahr</em>-neh) [f] (meat)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>cioccolata</strong> (choh-koh<em>-lah-</em>tah) [f] (chocolate)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>formaggio</strong> (<em>fohr-mahj-joh</em>) [m] (cheese)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>fragola</strong> (<em>frah</em><em>-</em>goh-lah) [f] (strawberry)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>frutta</strong> (<em>froot</em><em>-</em>tah) [f] (fruit)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>gelato</strong> (jeh<em>-</em><em>lah</em><em>-</em>toh) [m] (ice cream)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>insalata</strong> (een-sah<em>-</em><em>lah</em><em>-</em>tah) [f] (salad)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>pane</strong> (<em>pah-</em>neh) [m] (bread)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>pesce</strong> (<em>peh</em><em>-</em>cheh) [m] (fish)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>riso</strong> (<em>ree-</em>zoh) [m] (rice)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>sale</strong> (<em>sah</em><em>-</em>leh) [m] (salt)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>verdur</strong><strong>a</strong> (vehr-<em>doo</em>-reh) [f] (vegetables)</blockquote>\r\nThe following phrases can help you place your drink order.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Un caffè, per favore.</strong> (A coffee, please.)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Un bicchiere di latte caldo</strong> (A glass of warm milk)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Una cioccolata calda</strong> (A hot chocolate)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Tre birre</strong> (Three beers)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Un bicchiere di acqua minerale</strong> (A glass of mineral water)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Liscia o gassata?</strong> (Flat or carbonated?)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Un panino, per favore.</strong> (I’ll have a sandwich, please.)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Lo scontrino, per favore.</strong> (Receipt, please.)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Due cappuccini, per favore.</strong> (Two cappuccinos, please.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nHere are some drink items you can order\r\n<blockquote><strong>acqua</strong> (<em>ahk-</em>koo-ah) [f] (water)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>vino</strong> (<em>vee-</em>noh) [m] (wine)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>bere</strong> (<em>beh-</em>reh) (to drink)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>birra</strong> (<em>beer-</em>rah) [f] (beer)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>caffè</strong> (kahf<em>-feh</em>) [m] (coffee)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>latte</strong> (<em>laht</em><em>-</em>teh) [m] (milk)</blockquote>\r\nYou might want to use the following adjectives to when giving your <strong>cameriere/cameriera</strong> (waiter/waitress) your food or drink order:\r\n<blockquote><strong>calda/o</strong> (<em>kahl-</em>dah/doh) [f/m] (warm; hot)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>fredda/o</strong> (<em>frehd</em><em>-</em>dah/doh) [f] (cold)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>dolce</strong> (<em>dohl-</em>cheh) [m/f] (sweet)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>grande</strong> (<em>grahn-</em>deh) [m/f] (big; tall; large)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>piccola/o</strong> (<em>peek-</em>koh-lah/loh) [f/m] (small; short)</blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"Tip\">Italians don’t drink cappuccino after breakfast time.</p>","description":"Whether you're on a short visit to an Italian-speaking country or you're planning to take up residence in Italy itself, knowing how to order food in Italian is essential. Eating out can be a lot of fun, especially if you know some basic vocabulary.\r\n<p class=\"Remember\">The Italian <strong>bar</strong> is really what Americans would call a café. There you can get breakfast (coffee and a pastry), snacks, sandwiches, and salty snacks to accompany your before-dinner drink.</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote><strong>assegno</strong> (<em>ahs-seh-</em>nyoh) [m] (check)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>pagare</strong> (pah<em>-gah-</em>reh) (to pay)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>soldi</strong> (<em>sohl-</em>dee) [m/pl] (money)</blockquote>\r\nIn Italian-speaking countries, as in most of the rest of the world, there are three meals a day: <strong>colazione </strong>(koh-lah-tsee<em>-oh-</em>neh) [f] (breakfast), <strong>pranzo</strong> (<em>prahn-</em>tsoh) [m] (lunch), and <strong>cena</strong> (<em>cheh</em>-nah) [f] (dinner).\r\n\r\nThe following phrases might help you when you're eating at a restaurant.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Vorrei prenotare.</strong> (I’d like to make a reservation.)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Per che ora?</strong> (For what time?)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Per quante persone?</strong> (For how many people?)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>No, non abbiamo prenotato.</strong> (No, we don’t have a reservation.)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Ci porti il conto, per favore.</strong> [Formal] (Bring us the check, please.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nHere are some food items you can order:\r\n<blockquote><strong>antipasti</strong> (<em>ahn-tee-pahs-tee</em>) [m] (appetizers)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>carne </strong>(<em>kahr</em>-neh) [f] (meat)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>cioccolata</strong> (choh-koh<em>-lah-</em>tah) [f] (chocolate)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>formaggio</strong> (<em>fohr-mahj-joh</em>) [m] (cheese)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>fragola</strong> (<em>frah</em><em>-</em>goh-lah) [f] (strawberry)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>frutta</strong> (<em>froot</em><em>-</em>tah) [f] (fruit)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>gelato</strong> (jeh<em>-</em><em>lah</em><em>-</em>toh) [m] (ice cream)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>insalata</strong> (een-sah<em>-</em><em>lah</em><em>-</em>tah) [f] (salad)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>pane</strong> (<em>pah-</em>neh) [m] (bread)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>pesce</strong> (<em>peh</em><em>-</em>cheh) [m] (fish)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>riso</strong> (<em>ree-</em>zoh) [m] (rice)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>sale</strong> (<em>sah</em><em>-</em>leh) [m] (salt)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>verdur</strong><strong>a</strong> (vehr-<em>doo</em>-reh) [f] (vegetables)</blockquote>\r\nThe following phrases can help you place your drink order.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Un caffè, per favore.</strong> (A coffee, please.)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Un bicchiere di latte caldo</strong> (A glass of warm milk)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Una cioccolata calda</strong> (A hot chocolate)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Tre birre</strong> (Three beers)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Un bicchiere di acqua minerale</strong> (A glass of mineral water)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Liscia o gassata?</strong> (Flat or carbonated?)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Un panino, per favore.</strong> (I’ll have a sandwich, please.)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Lo scontrino, per favore.</strong> (Receipt, please.)</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Due cappuccini, per favore.</strong> (Two cappuccinos, please.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nHere are some drink items you can order\r\n<blockquote><strong>acqua</strong> (<em>ahk-</em>koo-ah) [f] (water)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>vino</strong> (<em>vee-</em>noh) [m] (wine)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>bere</strong> (<em>beh-</em>reh) (to drink)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>birra</strong> (<em>beer-</em>rah) [f] (beer)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>caffè</strong> (kahf<em>-feh</em>) [m] (coffee)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>latte</strong> (<em>laht</em><em>-</em>teh) [m] (milk)</blockquote>\r\nYou might want to use the following adjectives to when giving your <strong>cameriere/cameriera</strong> (waiter/waitress) your food or drink order:\r\n<blockquote><strong>calda/o</strong> (<em>kahl-</em>dah/doh) [f/m] (warm; hot)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>fredda/o</strong> (<em>frehd</em><em>-</em>dah/doh) [f] (cold)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>dolce</strong> (<em>dohl-</em>cheh) [m/f] (sweet)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>grande</strong> (<em>grahn-</em>deh) [m/f] (big; tall; large)</blockquote>\r\n<blockquote><strong>piccola/o</strong> (<em>peek-</em>koh-lah/loh) [f/m] (small; short)</blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"Tip\">Italians don’t drink cappuccino after breakfast time.</p>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9663,"name":"Teresa L. Picarazzi","slug":"teresa-l-picarazzi","description":" <p>Berlitz has taught languages to millions of people for more than 130 years. Francesca Romana Onofri and Karen Antje Moller are veteran language teachers. Teresa L. Picarazzi, PhD, teaches Italian at The Hopkins School and has lived and worked in Cortona, Florence, Ravenna, Siena, and Urbino.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9663"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33698,"title":"Italian","slug":"italian","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33698"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":296223,"title":"Italian Workbook For Dummies Cheat","slug":"italian-workbook-for-dummies-cheat","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","italian"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296223"}},{"articleId":208553,"title":"Italian For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"italian-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","italian"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208553"}},{"articleId":207900,"title":"Italian Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"italian-grammar-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","italian"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207900"}},{"articleId":207893,"title":"Italian All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"italian-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","italian"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207893"}},{"articleId":200932,"title":"Picking Up Italian Quickly","slug":"picking-up-italian-quickly","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","italian"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200932"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;italian&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63e55f0f8eecb\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;italian&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63e55f0f8f780\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-02-09T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":190237},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T22:50:02+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-02-09T20:35:11+00:00","timestamp":"2023-02-09T21:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Italian","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33698"},"slug":"italian","categoryId":33698}],"title":"Discussing Your Job in Italian","strippedTitle":"discussing your job in italian","slug":"discussing-your-job-in-italian","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Business contacts with people in other countries continues to increase in importance. Because modern technology supports the quick exchange of information over ","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Business contacts with people in other countries continues to increase in importance. Because modern technology supports the quick exchange of information over vast distances, you may have to talk to foreign business partners — or even travel to their countries. If you happen to have business contacts with Italian companies, knowing some basic Italian business vocabulary may be useful. Because English is the language of business, however, Italian has adopted many English computer and software terms.\r\n\r\nItalian has at least three words for \"company\" — <strong>la compagnia</strong><em> (lah kohm-pah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">nyee</span>-ah)</em>, <strong>la ditta</strong> <em>(lah <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">deet</span>-tah)</em> (which also means \"the firm\"), and <strong>la società</strong><em> (lah soh-cheh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span>)</em>. These words are virtually interchangeable.\r\n\r\n<strong>L'ufficio</strong><em> (loof-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">fee</span>-choh)</em> is Italian for \"office,\" but people often use <strong>stanza</strong> <em>(<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">stahn</span>-tsah)</em> (room) to refer to their personal office.\r\n\r\nThe following sentences give you a taste of the phrases you hear in <strong>uffici</strong> <em>(oof-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">fee</span>-chee)</em> (offices) everywhere:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>La mia scrivania è troppo piccola.</strong><em> (lah <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mee</span>-ah skree-vah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">nee</span>-ah eh <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">trohp</span>-poh <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">peek</span>-koh-lah)</em> (My desk is too small.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>È una grande società?</strong> <em>(eh <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">oo</span>-nah <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">grahn</span>-deh soh-cheh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span>)</em> (Is it a big company?)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Non proprio, diciamo media.</strong><em> (nohn <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">proh</span>-pree-oh dee-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">chah</span>-moh <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">meh</span>-dee-ah)</em> (Not really, let's say medium-sized.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Lavora per una piccola agenzia.</strong> <em>(lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-rah pehr <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">oo</span>-nah <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">peek</span>-koh-lah ah-jehn-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tsee</span>-ah)</em> (He works for a small agency.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Amo il mio lavoro.</strong> <em>(<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ah</span>-moh eel <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mee</span>-oh lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-roh)</em> (I like my job.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nTo learn a language, you have to work, too. Here's the conjugation of the verb <strong>lavorare</strong> <em>(lah-voh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">rah</span>-reh)</em> (to work).\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Conjugation</td>\r\n<td>Pronunciation</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>io lavoro</td>\r\n<td><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ee</span>-oh lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-roh</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tu lavori</td>\r\n<td><em>too lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-ree</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>lui/lei lavora</td>\r\n<td><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">loo</span>-ee/lay lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-rah</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>noi lavoriamo</td>\r\n<td><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">noh</span>-ee lah-voh-ree-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ah</span>-moh</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>voi lavorate</td>\r\n<td><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-ee lah-voh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">rah</span>-teh</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>loro lavorano</td>\r\n<td><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">loh</span>-roh lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-rah-noh</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p class=\"Tip\"><strong>S.p.A.</strong> is the Italian abbreviation for <strong>Società per Azioni</strong> <em>(soh-cheh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span> pehr ah-tsee-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">oh</span>-nee)</em> (joint-stock company), whereas a <strong>S.A.S.</strong>, <strong>Società in Accomandita Semplice</strong> <em>(soh-cheh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span> een ahk-koh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mahn</span>-dee-tah sehm-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">plee</span>-cheh)</em> is a limited partnership. Another type of company is an<strong> S.r.l. (Società a responsabilità limitata) </strong><em>(soh-cheh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span> ah rehs-pohn-sah-bee-lee-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span> lee-mee-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span>-tah)</em> (public limited company, also know as a p.l.c.).</p>","description":"Business contacts with people in other countries continues to increase in importance. Because modern technology supports the quick exchange of information over vast distances, you may have to talk to foreign business partners — or even travel to their countries. If you happen to have business contacts with Italian companies, knowing some basic Italian business vocabulary may be useful. Because English is the language of business, however, Italian has adopted many English computer and software terms.\r\n\r\nItalian has at least three words for \"company\" — <strong>la compagnia</strong><em> (lah kohm-pah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">nyee</span>-ah)</em>, <strong>la ditta</strong> <em>(lah <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">deet</span>-tah)</em> (which also means \"the firm\"), and <strong>la società</strong><em> (lah soh-cheh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span>)</em>. These words are virtually interchangeable.\r\n\r\n<strong>L'ufficio</strong><em> (loof-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">fee</span>-choh)</em> is Italian for \"office,\" but people often use <strong>stanza</strong> <em>(<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">stahn</span>-tsah)</em> (room) to refer to their personal office.\r\n\r\nThe following sentences give you a taste of the phrases you hear in <strong>uffici</strong> <em>(oof-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">fee</span>-chee)</em> (offices) everywhere:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>La mia scrivania è troppo piccola.</strong><em> (lah <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mee</span>-ah skree-vah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">nee</span>-ah eh <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">trohp</span>-poh <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">peek</span>-koh-lah)</em> (My desk is too small.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>È una grande società?</strong> <em>(eh <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">oo</span>-nah <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">grahn</span>-deh soh-cheh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span>)</em> (Is it a big company?)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Non proprio, diciamo media.</strong><em> (nohn <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">proh</span>-pree-oh dee-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">chah</span>-moh <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">meh</span>-dee-ah)</em> (Not really, let's say medium-sized.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Lavora per una piccola agenzia.</strong> <em>(lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-rah pehr <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">oo</span>-nah <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">peek</span>-koh-lah ah-jehn-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tsee</span>-ah)</em> (He works for a small agency.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Amo il mio lavoro.</strong> <em>(<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ah</span>-moh eel <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mee</span>-oh lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-roh)</em> (I like my job.)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nTo learn a language, you have to work, too. Here's the conjugation of the verb <strong>lavorare</strong> <em>(lah-voh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">rah</span>-reh)</em> (to work).\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Conjugation</td>\r\n<td>Pronunciation</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>io lavoro</td>\r\n<td><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ee</span>-oh lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-roh</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tu lavori</td>\r\n<td><em>too lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-ree</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>lui/lei lavora</td>\r\n<td><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">loo</span>-ee/lay lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-rah</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>noi lavoriamo</td>\r\n<td><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">noh</span>-ee lah-voh-ree-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ah</span>-moh</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>voi lavorate</td>\r\n<td><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-ee lah-voh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">rah</span>-teh</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>loro lavorano</td>\r\n<td><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">loh</span>-roh lah-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">voh</span>-rah-noh</em></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p class=\"Tip\"><strong>S.p.A.</strong> is the Italian abbreviation for <strong>Società per Azioni</strong> <em>(soh-cheh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span> pehr ah-tsee-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">oh</span>-nee)</em> (joint-stock company), whereas a <strong>S.A.S.</strong>, <strong>Società in Accomandita Semplice</strong> <em>(soh-cheh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span> een ahk-koh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mahn</span>-dee-tah sehm-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">plee</span>-cheh)</em> is a limited partnership. Another type of company is an<strong> S.r.l. (Società a responsabilità limitata) </strong><em>(soh-cheh-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span> ah rehs-pohn-sah-bee-lee-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span> lee-mee-<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tah</span>-tah)</em> (public limited company, also know as a p.l.c.).</p>","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33698,"title":"Italian","slug":"italian","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33698"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":296223,"title":"Italian Workbook For Dummies Cheat","slug":"italian-workbook-for-dummies-cheat","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","italian"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296223"}},{"articleId":208553,"title":"Italian For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"italian-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","italian"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208553"}},{"articleId":207900,"title":"Italian Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"italian-grammar-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","italian"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207900"}},{"articleId":207893,"title":"Italian All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"italian-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","italian"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207893"}},{"articleId":200932,"title":"Picking Up Italian Quickly","slug":"picking-up-italian-quickly","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","italian"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200932"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;italian&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63e55f0f84c7c\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;italian&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63e55f0f85ab0\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-02-09T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":200457},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:54:39+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-02-06T19:31:02+00:00","timestamp":"2023-02-06T21:01:02+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Writing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33711"},"slug":"writing","categoryId":33711}],"title":"Writing a Romance Novel For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"writing a romance novel for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"writing-a-romance-novel-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Romance is a top-selling fiction genre that includes historical and contemporary romance, paranormal and suspenseful romance, and more. Whether you’re an aspiri","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Romance is a top-selling fiction genre that includes historical and contemporary romance, paranormal and suspenseful romance, and more. Whether you’re an aspiring writer or just new to the genre, you’ll find practical information and tips here to help you along your writing journey.","description":"Romance is a top-selling fiction genre that includes historical and contemporary romance, paranormal and suspenseful romance, and more. Whether you’re an aspiring writer or just new to the genre, you’ll find practical information and tips here to help you along your writing journey.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10233,"name":"Leslie Wainger","slug":"leslie-wainger","description":"<b>Leslie Wainger has</b> worked with <i>New York Times</i> bestselling authors such as Linda Howard and Heather Graham in her over 20 years at Harlequin.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10233"}},{"authorId":35238,"name":"Victorine Lieske","slug":"victorine-lieske","description":" <p><b>Leslie Waingerhas</b> worked with <i>New York Times</i> bestselling authors such as Linda Howard and Heather Graham in her over 20 years at Harlequin.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35238"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33711,"title":"Writing","slug":"writing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33711"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":296370,"title":"The Many Benefits of Keeping a Journal","slug":"the-many-benefits-of-keeping-a-journal","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296370"}},{"articleId":296242,"title":"What Is Reflective Journaling?","slug":"what-is-reflective-journaling","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296242"}},{"articleId":296124,"title":"Journaling By Hand vs. Computer","slug":"is-it-better-to-journal-on-paper-or-a-computer","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296124"}},{"articleId":295412,"title":"Journaling For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"journaling-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/295412"}},{"articleId":294700,"title":"College Writing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"college-writing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/294700"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":292410,"slug":"writing-a-romance-novel-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119989035","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119989035/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119989035/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119989035-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119989035/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119989035/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/writing-a-romance-novel-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-1119989035-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Writing a Romance Novel For Dummies, 2nd Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"<p><b><b data-author-id=\"10233\">Leslie Wainger</b> has</b> worked with <i>New York Times</i> bestselling authors such as Linda Howard and Heather Graham in her over 20 years at Harlequin. <p><b>Leslie Waingerhas</b> worked with <i>New York Times</i> bestselling authors such as Linda Howard and Heather Graham in her over 20 years at Harlequin.</p></p>","authors":[{"authorId":10233,"name":"Leslie Wainger","slug":"leslie-wainger","description":"<b>Leslie Wainger has</b> worked with <i>New York Times</i> bestselling authors such as Linda Howard and Heather Graham in her over 20 years at Harlequin.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10233"}},{"authorId":35238,"name":"Victorine Lieske","slug":"victorine-lieske","description":" <p><b>Leslie Waingerhas</b> worked with <i>New York Times</i> bestselling authors such as Linda Howard and Heather Graham in her over 20 years at Harlequin.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35238"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;writing&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119989035&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63e16a8e95234\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;writing&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119989035&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63e16a8e9577c\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":189373,"title":"Reader Expectations for a Romance Novel","slug":"reader-expectations-for-a-romance-novel","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189373"}},{"articleId":189403,"title":"Tips for Preparing for and Writing a Romance Novel","slug":"tips-for-preparing-for-and-writing-a-romance-novel","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189403"}},{"articleId":189374,"title":"How to Target Romance-Genre Publishers and Editors","slug":"how-to-target-romance-genre-publishers-and-editors","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189374"}},{"articleId":189409,"title":"Journey of Your Romance Novel, from Sale to Bound Book","slug":"journey-of-your-romance-novel-from-sale-to-bound-book","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/189409"}}],"content":[{"title":"Reader expectations","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Writing a romance is a creative process and far from formulaic. But romance readers pick up each and every novel with certain expectations firmly in place.</p>\n<p>To write a winning romance and connect with your readers, you have to meet these expectations each and every time:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>A sympathetic heroine</li>\n<li>A strong, irresistible hero</li>\n<li>Emotional tension</li>\n<li>An interesting, believable plot</li>\n<li>A happy ending</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Getting ready to write","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Before you sit down to start writing your romance, make sure you have the following list covered. Accomplishing these tasks will make the writing process easier and more productive:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Choose a space that can become your home office.</strong> Although an entire room would be great, you can turn any unoccupied corner into a dedicated writing space.</li>\n<li><strong>Reconcile your family to the project.</strong> Finding time to write can be difficult. Involving your family and getting them on your side from the start makes life easier for everyone.</li>\n<li><strong>Collect your supplies.</strong> Assemble everything you’ll need, from computer to coffee mug, ahead of time.</li>\n<li><strong>Surround yourself with relevant research.</strong> Collect research materials before you start writing so that the information is at your fingertips.</li>\n<li><strong>Make a schedule.</strong> Block out regular writing time and stick to your schedule, unless you have a real emergency.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Tips for successful writing","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Keep these tips in mind throughout the writing process:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>There are many different ways to write. Do what works for you.</li>\n<li>Let your characters — your hero and heroine — drive the plot.</li>\n<li>Leave your readers wanting more. Start and stop every chapter (and every scene) so that your reader simply must keep reading.</li>\n<li>Master the techniques of effective pacing.</li>\n<li>Build both the emotions and the action to a climax, and follow it with a satisfying resolution.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Practicalities matter","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Romance writing and publishing is a business — a business filled with professionals. If you want agents and editors — and readers — to take you and your work seriously, you have to walk to walk. When you submit a manuscript, you want it looking polished and professional. Keep these details in mind:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Accuracy counts.</strong> Check and double-check your research.</li>\n<li><strong>Know the rules.</strong> Correct grammar and punctuation are important. If you do break some of the rules, do so with a purpose and only for effect.</li>\n<li><strong>Simple is usually better.</strong> Don’t go thesaurus-crazy.</li>\n<li><strong>Proofread.</strong> Don’t just use your computer’s spell-check program.</li>\n<li><strong>Formatting matters.</strong> Set your margins correctly and make sure your font and spacing are readable.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Choosing your publishing path","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Authors today have more choices than ever before. You’ll want to study the market and decide if indie (self) publishing is the way to go, if you’d rather traditionally publish, or if you’d like to do both.</p>\n<p>Consider these tips as you&#8217;re working on a publishing plan:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Figure out your goals.</strong> There are different reasons why you’d want to traditionally publish or indie publish. You’ll need to figure out what your goals are first.</li>\n<li><strong>Learn the pros and cons. </strong>Study the pros and cons to each way to publish, and see which way matches best with your goals.</li>\n<li><strong>Learn how to be successful as an indie author.</strong> If you decide to indie publish, learn the best practices for success. You’ll need to hire your own editors and cover artists, and figure out how to market your book.</li>\n<li><strong>Target the right publishers and editors if traditionally publishing.</strong> Research the traditional publishing market and learn who is publishing your genre so you know where to submit your manuscript.</li>\n<li><strong>Find out if you need an agent.</strong> Most large publishing houses won’t take unagented manuscripts. If your goal is to be published with a large publishing house, you will first need an agent before you can submit your manuscript.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Stages from the sale to the bound book","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The fun isn’t over after you’ve written and submitted or published your manuscript. If you’re traditionally publishing, you will take these next steps:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Contract negotiation</li>\n<li>Revisions</li>\n<li>Deflag and copy edit</li>\n<li>Galley and author alterations</li>\n<li>Dedication and acknowledgements</li>\n<li>Cover — art, copy, and quotes</li>\n<li>Personal public relations</li>\n</ol>\n<p>If you’re indie publishing, you’ll need to take these steps:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Hire freelancers to create a professional product.</li>\n<li>Create a launch team to help spread the word.</li>\n<li>Network with other authors to help with your marketing.</li>\n<li>Start a newsletter.</li>\n<li>Build a website.</li>\n<li>Learn about ads to market your book.</li>\n</ol>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-02-06T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208737},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2022-12-09T18:28:33+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-02-01T15:31:28+00:00","timestamp":"2023-02-01T18:01:02+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Writing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33711"},"slug":"writing","categoryId":33711}],"title":"What Is Reflective Journaling?","strippedTitle":"what is reflective journaling?","slug":"what-is-reflective-journaling","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn what reflective journaling is and the benefits of examining your thoughts, feelings, and interpretations of experiences.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"<figure style=\"margin: 0;\"><figcaption style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\">Listen to the article:</figcaption><audio src=\"/wp-content/uploads/what-is-reflective-journaling.mp3\" controls=\"controls\"><a href=\"/wp-content/uploads/what-is-reflective-journaling.mp3\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\"></span>Download audio</a></audio></figure>\r\n<em>Reflective journaling</em> is a structured approach to journaling that focuses on finding meaning in life events by asking questions, such as “What happened?” “How did I respond?” and “How did this event change me?”\r\n\r\nThrough the reflective journaling process, you can examine your thoughts, interpretations, and belief systems to become more self-aware and to grow from your life experiences. In addition, the reflective writing practice can improve your ability to challenge assumptions and think creatively.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Exploring life with reflective journaling</h2>\r\nWhen you picture yourself journaling, you likely see yourself writing in a free-form fashion about thoughts, feelings, and whatever comes to mind. This unstructured technique, referred to as <em>free-writing,</em> is probably the most well-known of all journaling methods.\r\n\r\nPeople usually free-write without a specific purpose. Similar to going on a Sunday afternoon drive without having a destination, you’re just out to see the sights, and maybe you meander down some side roads on a whim. Your drive may be a fun and relaxing activity that provides perspective on your neighborhood and its surroundings, and might possibly lead to somewhere new and exciting, but that’s not the intention.\r\n\r\nLike that Sunday drive, free-writing may lead to meaningful self-discoveries, but is most often just an exploration of familiar inner roads.\r\n\r\nOn the other hand, reflective journaling combines intention with exploration. This type of journaling goes on that metaphorical Sunday drive with a final destination in mind. You can still explore interesting sights and meander down those side roads along the way, but you arrive at a meaningful destination. Your trip fulfills a purpose beyond just getting in the car and driving.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips remember\">Reflective journaling is a therapeutic practice that can help you identify, grow from, and find meaning in your past experiences. And the new perspective you gain along the way can change the way you respond to people and events in the future.</p>\r\nWe create our life stories by making meaning of events that happen in our lives. Reflective journaling allows you to reconsider those stories, to deeply explore all sides of an event, and to confirm or even rewrite those stories.\r\n\r\nYou can use reflective journaling to examine events in the distant past, or events that happened just yesterday. You can also use it to reflect on important topics in your life: relationships, life passages, parenting, and more.\r\n\r\nFortunately, like most journaling methods, you can quickly get the hang of reflective journaling. And, with practice, you can turn it into a powerful tool to enhance your understanding of your past, increase self-knowledge and self-awareness, help you change how you respond in stressful situations, and even improve relationships.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Defining reflection</h2>\r\nBefore you dive into practicing reflective journaling, I want to make sure you understand what I mean when I say “reflection.”\r\n\r\nYou can interpret the term reflection in a number of ways that apply to your reflective journaling practice. <em>To reflect</em> may include any or all of the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>To cause to change direction:</strong> “The glass reflects the light.” Reflective journaling can <em>reflect light on,</em> or bring insight to, related concepts, issues, and behaviors. For example, while reflecting on your relationship with your son, you suddenly see a similarity in your relationship with your father. Your reflective thinking bounces the light off the surface of your intended subject (your son) to a nearby subject (your father), which ultimately provides some insight into yourself in the process.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>To mirror back:</strong> “The still water of the lake reflects the trees along its banks.” Nothing provides self-awareness as effectively as a mirror. Reflective journaling gives you the opportunity to see your behaviors and attitudes mirrored back to you, simply through the act of writing about them as well as reading and analyzing your entries afterwards. And when you maintain an intention of remaining curious about yourself, you can use reflective journaling to understand yourself better and make purposeful change in your life.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>To make apparent:</strong> “Their work reflects their attitude.” You may have difficulty seeing patterns in your own life. However, writing consistently about the same issues from different angles can provide a work of reflection. Much like weaving a blanket thread by thread, then stepping back to see the patterns you created, reviewing journaling entries made over time can help you perceive behavioral patterns in your life.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>To consider or think carefully about:</strong> “They reflected on the many mistakes they had made.” This definition provides the most direct explanation of what you’re doing when you write reflectively in your journal. You simply write down the thoughts, emotions, and responses that you have while you consider your topic.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Seeing the benefits of reflection</h2>\r\nSimply thinking or writing about your past doesn’t necessarily involve true reflection.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips warning\">Don’t play past events in your head over and over again, a practice called <em>ruminating.</em> This process doesn’t provide any constructive insights and can actually be unhealthy. Ruminating about your past can lead you to beat yourself up mentally about past mistakes and to dwell on regrets. Looking back in this manner can lead to sadness, anger, and depression.</p>\r\nIn contrast, reflective journaling, done with intention and purpose, provides a constructive outlet. You can get many benefits from considering past events introspectively and, in particular, thinking about your responses to those events. Here are a few potential benefits of reflective journaling. Reflection can:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Help you make connections between experiences.</strong> These connections, in turn, help you to see the past from a new perspective. Looking back, you can express compassion and empathy to that past version of yourself and other people who played a role in hurtful events in your life.For example, a good friend did something that seemed like an intentional slight at the time. Upon reflection, you can now perceive their behavior for what it was: They had a lot going on in their life, felt overwhelmed, and couldn’t give you what you needed. They didn’t slight you intentionally, you now realize. This realization, then, opens the door to forgiveness and healing.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Improve your critical thinking skills.</strong> One of the purposes of reflective journaling is to question assumptions you make about people and events in your life. An assumption is an unexamined belief or way of thinking that you’ve taken for granted. Assumptions guide conclusions and decisions you make, so becoming aware of and questioning your assumptions is key to critical thinking, resulting in improved self-awareness and better decision making.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Show you how far you’ve come.</strong> Each day, you do the best you can, but you can’t easily tell if you improve much over time. When you reflect on past behaviors and relationships, and compare those behaviors and relationships with where you are today, you can see how much you’ve changed and grown. And if you realize that you haven’t changed much, that realization can spur you to make life course corrections.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Give you the opportunity to reassess what you want in your life.</strong> Reflecting on where you’ve been and what you’ve experienced allows you to decide what you like or want in your life and what you don’t. It can inspire you to recommit to goals or change direction altogether.</li>\r\n</ul>","description":"<figure style=\"margin: 0;\"><figcaption style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\">Listen to the article:</figcaption><audio src=\"/wp-content/uploads/what-is-reflective-journaling.mp3\" controls=\"controls\"><a href=\"/wp-content/uploads/what-is-reflective-journaling.mp3\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\"></span>Download audio</a></audio></figure>\r\n<em>Reflective journaling</em> is a structured approach to journaling that focuses on finding meaning in life events by asking questions, such as “What happened?” “How did I respond?” and “How did this event change me?”\r\n\r\nThrough the reflective journaling process, you can examine your thoughts, interpretations, and belief systems to become more self-aware and to grow from your life experiences. In addition, the reflective writing practice can improve your ability to challenge assumptions and think creatively.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Exploring life with reflective journaling</h2>\r\nWhen you picture yourself journaling, you likely see yourself writing in a free-form fashion about thoughts, feelings, and whatever comes to mind. This unstructured technique, referred to as <em>free-writing,</em> is probably the most well-known of all journaling methods.\r\n\r\nPeople usually free-write without a specific purpose. Similar to going on a Sunday afternoon drive without having a destination, you’re just out to see the sights, and maybe you meander down some side roads on a whim. Your drive may be a fun and relaxing activity that provides perspective on your neighborhood and its surroundings, and might possibly lead to somewhere new and exciting, but that’s not the intention.\r\n\r\nLike that Sunday drive, free-writing may lead to meaningful self-discoveries, but is most often just an exploration of familiar inner roads.\r\n\r\nOn the other hand, reflective journaling combines intention with exploration. This type of journaling goes on that metaphorical Sunday drive with a final destination in mind. You can still explore interesting sights and meander down those side roads along the way, but you arrive at a meaningful destination. Your trip fulfills a purpose beyond just getting in the car and driving.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips remember\">Reflective journaling is a therapeutic practice that can help you identify, grow from, and find meaning in your past experiences. And the new perspective you gain along the way can change the way you respond to people and events in the future.</p>\r\nWe create our life stories by making meaning of events that happen in our lives. Reflective journaling allows you to reconsider those stories, to deeply explore all sides of an event, and to confirm or even rewrite those stories.\r\n\r\nYou can use reflective journaling to examine events in the distant past, or events that happened just yesterday. You can also use it to reflect on important topics in your life: relationships, life passages, parenting, and more.\r\n\r\nFortunately, like most journaling methods, you can quickly get the hang of reflective journaling. And, with practice, you can turn it into a powerful tool to enhance your understanding of your past, increase self-knowledge and self-awareness, help you change how you respond in stressful situations, and even improve relationships.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Defining reflection</h2>\r\nBefore you dive into practicing reflective journaling, I want to make sure you understand what I mean when I say “reflection.”\r\n\r\nYou can interpret the term reflection in a number of ways that apply to your reflective journaling practice. <em>To reflect</em> may include any or all of the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>To cause to change direction:</strong> “The glass reflects the light.” Reflective journaling can <em>reflect light on,</em> or bring insight to, related concepts, issues, and behaviors. For example, while reflecting on your relationship with your son, you suddenly see a similarity in your relationship with your father. Your reflective thinking bounces the light off the surface of your intended subject (your son) to a nearby subject (your father), which ultimately provides some insight into yourself in the process.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>To mirror back:</strong> “The still water of the lake reflects the trees along its banks.” Nothing provides self-awareness as effectively as a mirror. Reflective journaling gives you the opportunity to see your behaviors and attitudes mirrored back to you, simply through the act of writing about them as well as reading and analyzing your entries afterwards. And when you maintain an intention of remaining curious about yourself, you can use reflective journaling to understand yourself better and make purposeful change in your life.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>To make apparent:</strong> “Their work reflects their attitude.” You may have difficulty seeing patterns in your own life. However, writing consistently about the same issues from different angles can provide a work of reflection. Much like weaving a blanket thread by thread, then stepping back to see the patterns you created, reviewing journaling entries made over time can help you perceive behavioral patterns in your life.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>To consider or think carefully about:</strong> “They reflected on the many mistakes they had made.” This definition provides the most direct explanation of what you’re doing when you write reflectively in your journal. You simply write down the thoughts, emotions, and responses that you have while you consider your topic.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Seeing the benefits of reflection</h2>\r\nSimply thinking or writing about your past doesn’t necessarily involve true reflection.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips warning\">Don’t play past events in your head over and over again, a practice called <em>ruminating.</em> This process doesn’t provide any constructive insights and can actually be unhealthy. Ruminating about your past can lead you to beat yourself up mentally about past mistakes and to dwell on regrets. Looking back in this manner can lead to sadness, anger, and depression.</p>\r\nIn contrast, reflective journaling, done with intention and purpose, provides a constructive outlet. You can get many benefits from considering past events introspectively and, in particular, thinking about your responses to those events. Here are a few potential benefits of reflective journaling. Reflection can:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Help you make connections between experiences.</strong> These connections, in turn, help you to see the past from a new perspective. Looking back, you can express compassion and empathy to that past version of yourself and other people who played a role in hurtful events in your life.For example, a good friend did something that seemed like an intentional slight at the time. Upon reflection, you can now perceive their behavior for what it was: They had a lot going on in their life, felt overwhelmed, and couldn’t give you what you needed. They didn’t slight you intentionally, you now realize. This realization, then, opens the door to forgiveness and healing.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Improve your critical thinking skills.</strong> One of the purposes of reflective journaling is to question assumptions you make about people and events in your life. An assumption is an unexamined belief or way of thinking that you’ve taken for granted. Assumptions guide conclusions and decisions you make, so becoming aware of and questioning your assumptions is key to critical thinking, resulting in improved self-awareness and better decision making.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Show you how far you’ve come.</strong> Each day, you do the best you can, but you can’t easily tell if you improve much over time. When you reflect on past behaviors and relationships, and compare those behaviors and relationships with where you are today, you can see how much you’ve changed and grown. And if you realize that you haven’t changed much, that realization can spur you to make life course corrections.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Give you the opportunity to reassess what you want in your life.</strong> Reflecting on where you’ve been and what you’ve experienced allows you to decide what you like or want in your life and what you don’t. It can inspire you to recommit to goals or change direction altogether.</li>\r\n</ul>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":35207,"name":"Amber Lea Starfire","slug":"amber-lea-starfire","description":" <p><b>Amber Lea Starfire</b> is a writer and writing coach who has published two memoirs and several journaling how-to books. She has also developed a series of online classes and workshops that have helped hundreds of people journal and deepen their writing practice. Find out more at www.writingthroughlife.com. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35207"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33711,"title":"Writing","slug":"writing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33711"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"Exploring life with reflective journaling","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Defining reflection","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"Seeing the benefits of reflection","target":"#tab3"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":296370,"title":"The Many Benefits of Keeping a Journal","slug":"the-many-benefits-of-keeping-a-journal","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296370"}},{"articleId":296124,"title":"Journaling By Hand vs. Computer","slug":"is-it-better-to-journal-on-paper-or-a-computer","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296124"}},{"articleId":295412,"title":"Journaling For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"journaling-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/295412"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":296370,"title":"The Many Benefits of Keeping a Journal","slug":"the-many-benefits-of-keeping-a-journal","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296370"}},{"articleId":296124,"title":"Journaling By Hand vs. Computer","slug":"is-it-better-to-journal-on-paper-or-a-computer","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296124"}},{"articleId":295412,"title":"Journaling For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"journaling-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/295412"}},{"articleId":294700,"title":"College Writing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"college-writing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/294700"}},{"articleId":290254,"title":"Writing Sci-Fi, Fantasy, & Horror For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"writing-sci-fi-fantasy-and-horror-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/290254"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":295385,"slug":"journaling-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119900412","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119900417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119900417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119900417-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119900417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119900417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/journaling-for-dummies-cover-9781119900412-170x255.jpg","width":170,"height":255},"title":"Journaling For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"<p><p><b><b data-author-id=\"35207\">Amber Lea Starfire</b></b> is a writer and writing coach who has published two memoirs and several journaling how-to books. She has also developed a series of online classes and workshops that have helped hundreds of people journal and deepen their writing practice. Find out more at www.writingthroughlife.com.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":35207,"name":"Amber Lea Starfire","slug":"amber-lea-starfire","description":" <p><b>Amber Lea Starfire</b> is a writer and writing coach who has published two memoirs and several journaling how-to books. She has also developed a series of online classes and workshops that have helped hundreds of people journal and deepen their writing practice. Find out more at www.writingthroughlife.com. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35207"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;writing&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119900412&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63daa8dedf147\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;writing&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119900412&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63daa8dedf63b\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-12-09T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":296242},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T21:39:24+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-12-27T14:43:37+00:00","timestamp":"2022-12-27T15:01:02+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"How to Conjugate Regular Spanish Verbs","strippedTitle":"how to conjugate regular spanish verbs","slug":"how-to-conjugate-regular-spanish-verbs","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn how to conjugate Spanish verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir, using the verbs hablar (to speak), beber (to drink), and subir (to go up).","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"As in almost every language, in Spanish you have to conjugate verbs because you use a different form of the verb depending upon who you’re talking to, who you’re talking about, and when the action took place.\r\n\r\nConjugating verbs in Spanish means giving them different endings. The following tables show the endings to change (they’re in <b>boldface</b>) for regular verbs ending in –ar and regular verbs ending in –er and –ir.\r\n\r\n<strong>-ar Verbs: hablar (to speak)</strong>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Person</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Present</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Preterit</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Imperfect</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Future</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Conditional</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Present Subjunctive</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo</td>\r\n<td>hablo</td>\r\n<td>hablé</td>\r\n<td>hablaba</td>\r\n<td>hablaré</td>\r\n<td>hablaría</td>\r\n<td>hable</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú</td>\r\n<td>hablas</td>\r\n<td>hablaste</td>\r\n<td>hablabas</td>\r\n<td>hablarás</td>\r\n<td>hablarías</td>\r\n<td>hables</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él, ella, Ud.</td>\r\n<td>habla</td>\r\n<td>habló</td>\r\n<td>hablaba</td>\r\n<td>hablará</td>\r\n<td>hablaría</td>\r\n<td>hable</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros</td>\r\n<td>hablamos</td>\r\n<td>hablamos</td>\r\n<td>hablábamos</td>\r\n<td>hablaremos</td>\r\n<td>hablaríamos</td>\r\n<td>hablemos</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros</td>\r\n<td>habláis</td>\r\n<td>hablasteis</td>\r\n<td>hablábais</td>\r\n<td>hablaréis</td>\r\n<td>hablaríais</td>\r\n<td>habléis</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos, ellas, Uds.</td>\r\n<td>hablan</td>\r\n<td>hablaron</td>\r\n<td>hablaban</td>\r\n<td>hablarán</td>\r\n<td>hablarían</td>\r\n<td>hablen</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<strong>-er and -ir Verbs: beber (to drink) and subir (to go up)</strong>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Person</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Present</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Preterit</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Imperfect</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Future</strong></td>\r\n<td>Conditional</td>\r\n<td>Present Subjunctive</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>o </b>sub<b>o</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>’</b> sub<b>í</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>’a</b> sub<b>ía</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>Ž</b> subir<b>é</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>’a</b> subir<b>ía</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>a</b> sub<b>a</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>es</b> sub<b>es</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>iste</b> sub<b>iste</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>ías</b>\r\n<b></b>sub<b>’as</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>ás</b>\r\n<b></b>subir<b>‡s</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>’as</b> subir<b>ías</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>as</b> subas</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él, ella, Ud.</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>e</b> <b></b>sub<b>e</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>ió</b> <b></b>sub<b>i—</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>ía</b> <b></b>sub<b>’a</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>á</b>\r\n<b></b>subir</td>\r\n<td>beber<b>ía</b>\r\n<b></b>subir<b>’a</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>a</b> sub<b>a</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>emos</b> sub<b>imos</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>imos</b> sub<b>imos</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>’amos</b> sub<b>íamos</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>emos</b> subir<b>emos</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>’amos</b>\r\nsubir<b>íamos</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>amos</b> sub<b>amos</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>Žis</b> sub<b>ís</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>isteis</b> sub<b>is</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>’ais</b> sub<b>íais</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>Žis</b> subir<b>éis</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>’ais</b>\r\nsubir<b>íais</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>‡is</b> sub<b>áis</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos, ellas, Uds.</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>en</b> <b></b>sub<b>en</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>ieron</b> sub<b>ieron</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>’an</b> sub<b>’an</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>án</b>\r\n<b></b>subir<b>‡n</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>ían</b>\r\n<b></b>subir<b>’an</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>an</b> sub<b>an</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>","description":"As in almost every language, in Spanish you have to conjugate verbs because you use a different form of the verb depending upon who you’re talking to, who you’re talking about, and when the action took place.\r\n\r\nConjugating verbs in Spanish means giving them different endings. The following tables show the endings to change (they’re in <b>boldface</b>) for regular verbs ending in –ar and regular verbs ending in –er and –ir.\r\n\r\n<strong>-ar Verbs: hablar (to speak)</strong>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Person</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Present</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Preterit</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Imperfect</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Future</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Conditional</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Present Subjunctive</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo</td>\r\n<td>hablo</td>\r\n<td>hablé</td>\r\n<td>hablaba</td>\r\n<td>hablaré</td>\r\n<td>hablaría</td>\r\n<td>hable</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú</td>\r\n<td>hablas</td>\r\n<td>hablaste</td>\r\n<td>hablabas</td>\r\n<td>hablarás</td>\r\n<td>hablarías</td>\r\n<td>hables</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él, ella, Ud.</td>\r\n<td>habla</td>\r\n<td>habló</td>\r\n<td>hablaba</td>\r\n<td>hablará</td>\r\n<td>hablaría</td>\r\n<td>hable</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros</td>\r\n<td>hablamos</td>\r\n<td>hablamos</td>\r\n<td>hablábamos</td>\r\n<td>hablaremos</td>\r\n<td>hablaríamos</td>\r\n<td>hablemos</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros</td>\r\n<td>habláis</td>\r\n<td>hablasteis</td>\r\n<td>hablábais</td>\r\n<td>hablaréis</td>\r\n<td>hablaríais</td>\r\n<td>habléis</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos, ellas, Uds.</td>\r\n<td>hablan</td>\r\n<td>hablaron</td>\r\n<td>hablaban</td>\r\n<td>hablarán</td>\r\n<td>hablarían</td>\r\n<td>hablen</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<strong>-er and -ir Verbs: beber (to drink) and subir (to go up)</strong>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Person</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Present</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Preterit</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Imperfect</strong></td>\r\n<td><strong>Future</strong></td>\r\n<td>Conditional</td>\r\n<td>Present Subjunctive</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>yo</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>o </b>sub<b>o</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>’</b> sub<b>í</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>’a</b> sub<b>ía</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>Ž</b> subir<b>é</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>’a</b> subir<b>ía</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>a</b> sub<b>a</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>tú</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>es</b> sub<b>es</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>iste</b> sub<b>iste</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>ías</b>\r\n<b></b>sub<b>’as</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>ás</b>\r\n<b></b>subir<b>‡s</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>’as</b> subir<b>ías</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>as</b> subas</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>él, ella, Ud.</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>e</b> <b></b>sub<b>e</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>ió</b> <b></b>sub<b>i—</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>ía</b> <b></b>sub<b>’a</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>á</b>\r\n<b></b>subir</td>\r\n<td>beber<b>ía</b>\r\n<b></b>subir<b>’a</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>a</b> sub<b>a</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nosotros</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>emos</b> sub<b>imos</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>imos</b> sub<b>imos</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>’amos</b> sub<b>íamos</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>emos</b> subir<b>emos</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>’amos</b>\r\nsubir<b>íamos</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>amos</b> sub<b>amos</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>vosotros</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>Žis</b> sub<b>ís</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>isteis</b> sub<b>is</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>’ais</b> sub<b>íais</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>Žis</b> subir<b>éis</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>’ais</b>\r\nsubir<b>íais</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>‡is</b> sub<b>áis</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ellos, ellas, Uds.</td>\r\n<td>beb<b>en</b> <b></b>sub<b>en</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>ieron</b> sub<b>ieron</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>’an</b> sub<b>’an</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>án</b>\r\n<b></b>subir<b>‡n</b></td>\r\n<td>beber<b>ían</b>\r\n<b></b>subir<b>’an</b></td>\r\n<td>beb<b>an</b> sub<b>an</b></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":8947,"name":"The Experts at Dummies","slug":"the-experts-at-dummies","description":"The Experts at Dummies are smart, friendly people who make learning easy by taking a not-so-serious approach to serious stuff.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/8947"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":209154,"title":"Spanish All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209154"}},{"articleId":193350,"title":"Spanish Subject Pronouns","slug":"spanish-subject-pronouns","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/193350"}},{"articleId":193347,"title":"Spanish Alphabet","slug":"spanish-alphabet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/193347"}},{"articleId":193340,"title":"How to Form Participles of Regular Spanish Verbs","slug":"how-to-form-participles-of-regular-spanish-verbs","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/193340"}},{"articleId":193339,"title":"How to Ask Questions in Spanish","slug":"how-to-ask-questions-in-spanish","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/193339"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":295744,"title":"Spanish Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-workbook-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/295744"}},{"articleId":209434,"title":"Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-verbs-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209434"}},{"articleId":209154,"title":"Spanish All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209154"}},{"articleId":208766,"title":"Spanish For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208766"}},{"articleId":208340,"title":"Spanish Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-grammar-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208340"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282591,"slug":"spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies","isbn":"9780470462447","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0470462442/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/0470462442/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/0470462442-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0470462442/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/0470462442/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies-cover-9780470462447-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Spanish All-in-One For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"","authors":[{"authorId":34784,"name":"","slug":"","description":" <p><b>Teresa Picarazzi, PhD,</b> has taught Italian language, literature, and cinema for more than 30 years. She now teaches Italian at The Hopkins School in New Haven. She has lived, studied, and worked in Florence, Siena, Urbino, Cortona, and Ravenna, Italy. She has written books and several articles on Italian politics and culture. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/34784"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780470462447&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63ab08aea91ff\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780470462447&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-63ab08aeaa0ff\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-12-27T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":193351},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2022-12-15T17:08:13+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-12-15T17:08:13+00:00","timestamp":"2022-12-15T18:01:20+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Writing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33711"},"slug":"writing","categoryId":33711}],"title":"The Many Benefits of Keeping a Journal","strippedTitle":"the many benefits of keeping a journal","slug":"the-many-benefits-of-keeping-a-journal","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn about the many important benefits you can experience from journaling, including enhancing your mental and physical well-being.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"The reason that so many people are drawn to journaling — and likely one of the reasons you’re reading this article — is because journaling is so very beneficial and in so many ways. These benefits have been proven and documented many times through decades of research.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_296374\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-296374\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/woman-journaling-outside-unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"630\" height=\"420\" /> ©Ashlyn Ciara / Adobe Stock[/caption]\r\n\r\nFrom school children just learning to write to elderly adults, journaling has been shown to improve emotional, mental, and physical health. It can unleash creativity and enhance productivity. It helps you clarify your thoughts and feelings and can help you make tough decisions. It’s all in the how and the why you use it.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Emotional and mental health</h2>\r\nPeople who journal regularly report experiencing an enhanced sense of overall well-being. Moreover, many have gained tangible improvements to their emotional, mental, and physical health.\r\n\r\nThe area that has been studied the most when it comes to journaling is emotional and mental health. You’ve probably heard that journaling is an inexpensive form of psychotherapy. Most sayings contain a seed of truth; in this case, the seed has grown into a tree.\r\n\r\nStudies conducted in clinical and educational settings since the 1960s have shown the following mental and emotional effects of journaling:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Reduces stress and anxiety</li>\r\n \t<li>Boosts feelings of well-being</li>\r\n \t<li>Supports self-love and acceptance</li>\r\n \t<li>Improves the ability to cope with grief, loss, and illness</li>\r\n \t<li>Increases mental clarity</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p class=\"article-tips warning\">I’m not saying that journaling should replace counseling or psychotherapy. Professional therapeutic services have benefits that journaling can’t provide. And it would be irresponsible of me to suggest otherwise. In fact, when combined with conventional therapy, journaling has been shown to increase the effectiveness of the therapy.</p>\r\nCounseling and psychotherapy both focus on communicating thoughts and feelings in a safe environment. The counselor or therapist acts as a mirror and resource for the person being counseled.\r\n\r\nLike a mirror, they reflect your own words and emotions back to you so that you can see them more objectively. As a resource, they can provide guidance, wisdom, and access to additional resources.\r\n\r\nJournaling gives you a safe space to communicate your deepest thoughts and emotions. Similar to a counselor or therapist, it acts like a mirror, reflecting back to you, in your own words, your feelings, thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral patterns.\r\n\r\nWhen approached with curiosity and an open mind, journaling can help you become more self-aware and increase your ability to process and make meaning of life.\r\n\r\nJournaling also helps you tap into your inner wisdom, your innate guidance — that inner-self who knows what you really need and want and, when listened to, can help you shift your well-being in a positive direction.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Physical health benefits</h2>\r\nImproved mental health may be reason enough to journal, but did you know that journaling has also been shown to benefit physical health?\r\n\r\nDr. Ira Progoff, one of the first psychologists to study and document the effects of journaling, found that in addition to decreasing stress, anxiety, and fear, journal writing for just 15 to 20 minutes, three to five times a week, was correlated with increasing immune system function and decreasing blood pressure. The journal writers in the study went to the doctor less often and just felt better overall.\r\n\r\nA 2017 study published in <em>Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of Biobehavioral Medicine</em> (Elsevier) found that those who kept journals during divorce had lower heart rates and higher heart rate variability — both indicators of good health. We can extrapolate from this that journaling could have the same benefits during any stressful loss or life transition.\r\n\r\nOther studies have shown that journaling improves overall memory function by enhancing the brain’s ability to intake, process, and retrieve information. And because of its positive effects on thinking, journaling has been used in educational settings to help students understand how to think more logically and analytically.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Supercharging inspiration and achievement</h2>\r\nBecause journaling is a safe and private activity, and lends itself well to delving into literally any topic or personal characteristic, it’s an excellent tool for exploring creative inspiration, practicing creative skills, and finding creative solutions to any kind of problem.\r\n\r\nInspirational ideas have a tendency to blossom into projects. It follows that journaling is a natural (and effective) way to develop and manage your project-related goals and tasks.\r\n\r\nHave you ever awakened from a dream inspired by a groundbreaking idea? Or had a brilliant solution to a problem while performing a routine task such as doing the dishes or taking a shower? Creative ideas come to us at all times of the day and night — often when we’re thinking about something else entirely.\r\n\r\nIn addition to using words to capture feelings and ideas, you can use your journal as a sketchbook to create mind maps, detail visual ideas, and express emotions through forms and colors. You can also use it to record those inspired dreams.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Your journal is a place to capture ideas when they happen and then explore them in more depth later, when you have time. Because it encourages capturing ideas and self-reflection, journaling can help you with your creative process, whether your art is painting, music, or writing itself.</p>\r\nOne of your journal’s greatest gifts is that it can be messy and unformed, and that’s okay. In your journal, you can develop ideas privately, without the burden of having to “make something good.”\r\n\r\nYour journal gives you a place to practice without pressure. Because of its judgement-free nature, your journal can help you build confidence in your craft, as well as create a rich resource of ideas that you can come back to over and over again.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Writing craft</h2>\r\nIf you like to write, and you dream of becoming a better writer, your journal is a wonderful playground in which to practice.\r\n\r\nI think the biggest breakthrough for me as a writer — that moment I went from writer-wannabe to knowing I was a writer — came when I recognized that journaling was writing practice. And it was in my journal that I found my authentic writing voice.\r\n\r\nConsider the following truths about your journal. It’s safe and private, and nothing you write is open to criticism. You can write from your heart, and your inner critic and editor — that voice in your head that’s constantly belittling your writing and telling you that you’re not a real writer — isn’t welcome. Your journal is a playground, and you can put together words however you want in this playground.\r\n\r\nYou don’t have to worry about spelling or punctuation, or whether your sentences flow coherently from one to the next. You can be as messy or neat as you want, and there’s no one to say otherwise.\r\n\r\nFor example, you can use your journal to\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Brainstorm plots</li>\r\n \t<li>Develop characters</li>\r\n \t<li>Sketch a scene</li>\r\n \t<li>Practice dialogue</li>\r\n \t<li>Create poetry</li>\r\n \t<li>Explore points of view</li>\r\n \t<li>Piece together story ideas</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p class=\"article-tips remember\">Writing is writing, whether it’s in your journal or in text or e-mail. The more you write from your heart — which journaling encourages and helps you practice — the more authentic all your writing becomes.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab5\" >Discovering your Self</h2>\r\nEvery person has both an outer- and inner-self. The outer self is who you present to the world — you, on your best behavior. This is the self who holds back expressing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that others might judge negatively.\r\n\r\nThe outer-self is mostly concerned with how you’re viewed by others, dressing and communicating appropriately so that you have a better chance of fitting in with your social and work groups.\r\n\r\nWhen I talk about <em>Self</em> with a capital S, I’m referring to your inner-self, that deep inner emotional/spiritual part of you — the person you really are on the inside. The part of you that contains inner wisdom. The you who’s creative and uninhibited, honest and vulnerable. The you who also has a dark side — who can be angry, depressed, or in pain — that you don’t always want to see.\r\n\r\nThere’s nothing wrong with having these outer and inner expressions of who you are. It’s part of being human. But if your outer- and inner-selves aren’t both aligned with your core values, you can feel conflicted and stressed.\r\n\r\nFor example, have you ever acted in a way or done something because of social (peer) pressure that you felt uncomfortable with or felt guilty about later? That discomfort is the tension between your outer- and inner-selves — between your words or actions, and what you truly value.\r\n\r\nHere are some ways that journaling can help you discover your Self and then assist you with aligning your inner and outer ways of being:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Identifying inner conflicts and influences:</strong> Using writing to explore the tension and discomfort you feel in those conflicted situations can help you identify the influences in your life that don’t support your values.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Increasing confidence:</strong> Putting your values and dreams in writing increases your confidence to live the life you want.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Acknowledging your darkness:</strong> Expressing your darker emotions and thoughts on the page allows you to bring light, compassion, and healing to the part of you that you hide from the world (and sometimes yourself).</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Being your Self:</strong> The self-awareness you gain from journaling can help you align and integrate your inner and outer personas so that you can be your authentic Self in the world.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nWhen you have a strong sense of Self, you’re not easily swayed by others’ opinions or by <em>groupthink</em> — a forced or manipulated conformity to group ethics, values, and viewpoints. You’re self-aware; you have a sense of purpose and know what’s important to you. And you behave in ways that are consistent with your core values.\r\n\r\n ","description":"The reason that so many people are drawn to journaling — and likely one of the reasons you’re reading this article — is because journaling is so very beneficial and in so many ways. These benefits have been proven and documented many times through decades of research.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_296374\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-296374\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/woman-journaling-outside-unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"630\" height=\"420\" /> ©Ashlyn Ciara / Adobe Stock[/caption]\r\n\r\nFrom school children just learning to write to elderly adults, journaling has been shown to improve emotional, mental, and physical health. It can unleash creativity and enhance productivity. It helps you clarify your thoughts and feelings and can help you make tough decisions. It’s all in the how and the why you use it.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >Emotional and mental health</h2>\r\nPeople who journal regularly report experiencing an enhanced sense of overall well-being. Moreover, many have gained tangible improvements to their emotional, mental, and physical health.\r\n\r\nThe area that has been studied the most when it comes to journaling is emotional and mental health. You’ve probably heard that journaling is an inexpensive form of psychotherapy. Most sayings contain a seed of truth; in this case, the seed has grown into a tree.\r\n\r\nStudies conducted in clinical and educational settings since the 1960s have shown the following mental and emotional effects of journaling:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Reduces stress and anxiety</li>\r\n \t<li>Boosts feelings of well-being</li>\r\n \t<li>Supports self-love and acceptance</li>\r\n \t<li>Improves the ability to cope with grief, loss, and illness</li>\r\n \t<li>Increases mental clarity</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p class=\"article-tips warning\">I’m not saying that journaling should replace counseling or psychotherapy. Professional therapeutic services have benefits that journaling can’t provide. And it would be irresponsible of me to suggest otherwise. In fact, when combined with conventional therapy, journaling has been shown to increase the effectiveness of the therapy.</p>\r\nCounseling and psychotherapy both focus on communicating thoughts and feelings in a safe environment. The counselor or therapist acts as a mirror and resource for the person being counseled.\r\n\r\nLike a mirror, they reflect your own words and emotions back to you so that you can see them more objectively. As a resource, they can provide guidance, wisdom, and access to additional resources.\r\n\r\nJournaling gives you a safe space to communicate your deepest thoughts and emotions. Similar to a counselor or therapist, it acts like a mirror, reflecting back to you, in your own words, your feelings, thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral patterns.\r\n\r\nWhen approached with curiosity and an open mind, journaling can help you become more self-aware and increase your ability to process and make meaning of life.\r\n\r\nJournaling also helps you tap into your inner wisdom, your innate guidance — that inner-self who knows what you really need and want and, when listened to, can help you shift your well-being in a positive direction.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Physical health benefits</h2>\r\nImproved mental health may be reason enough to journal, but did you know that journaling has also been shown to benefit physical health?\r\n\r\nDr. Ira Progoff, one of the first psychologists to study and document the effects of journaling, found that in addition to decreasing stress, anxiety, and fear, journal writing for just 15 to 20 minutes, three to five times a week, was correlated with increasing immune system function and decreasing blood pressure. The journal writers in the study went to the doctor less often and just felt better overall.\r\n\r\nA 2017 study published in <em>Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of Biobehavioral Medicine</em> (Elsevier) found that those who kept journals during divorce had lower heart rates and higher heart rate variability — both indicators of good health. We can extrapolate from this that journaling could have the same benefits during any stressful loss or life transition.\r\n\r\nOther studies have shown that journaling improves overall memory function by enhancing the brain’s ability to intake, process, and retrieve information. And because of its positive effects on thinking, journaling has been used in educational settings to help students understand how to think more logically and analytically.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Supercharging inspiration and achievement</h2>\r\nBecause journaling is a safe and private activity, and lends itself well to delving into literally any topic or personal characteristic, it’s an excellent tool for exploring creative inspiration, practicing creative skills, and finding creative solutions to any kind of problem.\r\n\r\nInspirational ideas have a tendency to blossom into projects. It follows that journaling is a natural (and effective) way to develop and manage your project-related goals and tasks.\r\n\r\nHave you ever awakened from a dream inspired by a groundbreaking idea? Or had a brilliant solution to a problem while performing a routine task such as doing the dishes or taking a shower? Creative ideas come to us at all times of the day and night — often when we’re thinking about something else entirely.\r\n\r\nIn addition to using words to capture feelings and ideas, you can use your journal as a sketchbook to create mind maps, detail visual ideas, and express emotions through forms and colors. You can also use it to record those inspired dreams.\r\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">Your journal is a place to capture ideas when they happen and then explore them in more depth later, when you have time. Because it encourages capturing ideas and self-reflection, journaling can help you with your creative process, whether your art is painting, music, or writing itself.</p>\r\nOne of your journal’s greatest gifts is that it can be messy and unformed, and that’s okay. In your journal, you can develop ideas privately, without the burden of having to “make something good.”\r\n\r\nYour journal gives you a place to practice without pressure. Because of its judgement-free nature, your journal can help you build confidence in your craft, as well as create a rich resource of ideas that you can come back to over and over again.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Writing craft</h2>\r\nIf you like to write, and you dream of becoming a better writer, your journal is a wonderful playground in which to practice.\r\n\r\nI think the biggest breakthrough for me as a writer — that moment I went from writer-wannabe to knowing I was a writer — came when I recognized that journaling was writing practice. And it was in my journal that I found my authentic writing voice.\r\n\r\nConsider the following truths about your journal. It’s safe and private, and nothing you write is open to criticism. You can write from your heart, and your inner critic and editor — that voice in your head that’s constantly belittling your writing and telling you that you’re not a real writer — isn’t welcome. Your journal is a playground, and you can put together words however you want in this playground.\r\n\r\nYou don’t have to worry about spelling or punctuation, or whether your sentences flow coherently from one to the next. You can be as messy or neat as you want, and there’s no one to say otherwise.\r\n\r\nFor example, you can use your journal to\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Brainstorm plots</li>\r\n \t<li>Develop characters</li>\r\n \t<li>Sketch a scene</li>\r\n \t<li>Practice dialogue</li>\r\n \t<li>Create poetry</li>\r\n \t<li>Explore points of view</li>\r\n \t<li>Piece together story ideas</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p class=\"article-tips remember\">Writing is writing, whether it’s in your journal or in text or e-mail. The more you write from your heart — which journaling encourages and helps you practice — the more authentic all your writing becomes.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab5\" >Discovering your Self</h2>\r\nEvery person has both an outer- and inner-self. The outer self is who you present to the world — you, on your best behavior. This is the self who holds back expressing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that others might judge negatively.\r\n\r\nThe outer-self is mostly concerned with how you’re viewed by others, dressing and communicating appropriately so that you have a better chance of fitting in with your social and work groups.\r\n\r\nWhen I talk about <em>Self</em> with a capital S, I’m referring to your inner-self, that deep inner emotional/spiritual part of you — the person you really are on the inside. The part of you that contains inner wisdom. The you who’s creative and uninhibited, honest and vulnerable. The you who also has a dark side — who can be angry, depressed, or in pain — that you don’t always want to see.\r\n\r\nThere’s nothing wrong with having these outer and inner expressions of who you are. It’s part of being human. But if your outer- and inner-selves aren’t both aligned with your core values, you can feel conflicted and stressed.\r\n\r\nFor example, have you ever acted in a way or done something because of social (peer) pressure that you felt uncomfortable with or felt guilty about later? That discomfort is the tension between your outer- and inner-selves — between your words or actions, and what you truly value.\r\n\r\nHere are some ways that journaling can help you discover your Self and then assist you with aligning your inner and outer ways of being:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Identifying inner conflicts and influences:</strong> Using writing to explore the tension and discomfort you feel in those conflicted situations can help you identify the influences in your life that don’t support your values.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Increasing confidence:</strong> Putting your values and dreams in writing increases your confidence to live the life you want.</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Acknowledging your darkness:</strong> Expressing your darker emotions and thoughts on the page allows you to bring light, compassion, and healing to the part of you that you hide from the world (and sometimes yourself).</li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Being your Self:</strong> The self-awareness you gain from journaling can help you align and integrate your inner and outer personas so that you can be your authentic Self in the world.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nWhen you have a strong sense of Self, you’re not easily swayed by others’ opinions or by <em>groupthink</em> — a forced or manipulated conformity to group ethics, values, and viewpoints. You’re self-aware; you have a sense of purpose and know what’s important to you. And you behave in ways that are consistent with your core values.\r\n\r\n ","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":35207,"name":"Amber Lea Starfire","slug":"amber-lea-starfire","description":" <p><b>Amber Lea Starfire</b> is a writer and writing coach who has published two memoirs and several journaling how-to books. She has also developed a series of online classes and workshops that have helped hundreds of people journal and deepen their writing practice. Find out more at www.writingthroughlife.com. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35207"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33711,"title":"Writing","slug":"writing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33711"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"Emotional and mental health","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Physical health benefits","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"Supercharging inspiration and achievement","target":"#tab3"},{"label":"Writing craft","target":"#tab4"},{"label":"Discovering your Self","target":"#tab5"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":296242,"title":"What Is Reflective Journaling?","slug":"what-is-reflective-journaling","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296242"}},{"articleId":296124,"title":"Journaling By Hand vs. Computer","slug":"is-it-better-to-journal-on-paper-or-a-computer","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296124"}},{"articleId":295412,"title":"Journaling For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"journaling-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/295412"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":296242,"title":"What Is Reflective Journaling?","slug":"what-is-reflective-journaling","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296242"}},{"articleId":296124,"title":"Journaling By Hand vs. Computer","slug":"is-it-better-to-journal-on-paper-or-a-computer","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296124"}},{"articleId":295412,"title":"Journaling For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"journaling-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/295412"}},{"articleId":294700,"title":"College Writing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"college-writing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/294700"}},{"articleId":290254,"title":"Writing Sci-Fi, Fantasy, & Horror For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"writing-sci-fi-fantasy-and-horror-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/290254"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":295385,"slug":"journaling-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119900412","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119900417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119900417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119900417-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119900417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119900417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/journaling-for-dummies-cover-9781119900412-170x255.jpg","width":170,"height":255},"title":"Journaling For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"<p><p><b><b data-author-id=\"35207\">Amber Lea Starfire</b></b> is a writer and writing coach who has published two memoirs and several journaling how-to books. She has also developed a series of online classes and workshops that have helped hundreds of people journal and deepen their writing practice. Find out more at www.writingthroughlife.com.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":35207,"name":"Amber Lea Starfire","slug":"amber-lea-starfire","description":" <p><b>Amber Lea Starfire</b> is a writer and writing coach who has published two memoirs and several journaling how-to books. She has also developed a series of online classes and workshops that have helped hundreds of people journal and deepen their writing practice. Find out more at www.writingthroughlife.com. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35207"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;writing&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119900412&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-639b60f0de554\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;writing&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119900412&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-639b60f0df5fc\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-12-15T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":296370},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T15:43:09+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-12-14T16:25:48+00:00","timestamp":"2022-12-14T18:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Learning Languages","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33689"},"slug":"learning-languages","categoryId":33689},{"name":"Spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"},"slug":"spanish","categoryId":33705}],"title":"Making Equal Comparisons in Spanish","strippedTitle":"making equal comparisons in spanish","slug":"making-equal-comparisons-in-spanish","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Comparisons of equality show that two things or people are the same. In Spanish, whether you’re using an adjective or an adverb, you make the comparison the sam","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Comparisons of equality show that two things or people are the same. In Spanish, whether you’re using an adjective or an adverb, you make the comparison the same way.","description":"Comparisons of equality show that two things or people are the same. In Spanish, whether you’re using an adjective or an adverb, you make the comparison the same way.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9002,"name":"Gail Stein","slug":"gail-stein","description":" <p><b>Gail Stein</b> taught foreign language for more than 30 years. She is the author of <i>CliffsStudySolver Spanish I</i> and <i>Spanish II</i>, and <i>Webster's New World Spanish Grammar Handbook</i>. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9002"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33705,"title":"Spanish","slug":"spanish","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33705"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":295744,"title":"Spanish Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-workbook-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/295744"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":295744,"title":"Spanish Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-workbook-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/295744"}},{"articleId":209434,"title":"Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-verbs-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209434"}},{"articleId":209154,"title":"Spanish All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-all-in-one-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209154"}},{"articleId":208766,"title":"Spanish For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208766"}},{"articleId":208340,"title":"Spanish Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"spanish-grammar-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208340"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":292626,"slug":"intermediate-spanish-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119910251","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","learning-languages","spanish"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119910250/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119910250/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119910250-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119910250/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119910250/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/spanish-workbook-for-dummies-cover-9781119910251-204x255.jpg","width":204,"height":255},"title":"Spanish Workbook For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"<p><p><b><b data-author-id=\"9002\">Gail Stein</b></b> taught foreign language for more than 30 years. She is the author of <i>CliffsStudySolver Spanish I</i> and <i>Spanish II</i>, and <i>Webster's New World Spanish Grammar Handbook</i>.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9002,"name":"Gail Stein","slug":"gail-stein","description":" <p><b>Gail Stein</b> taught foreign language for more than 30 years. She is the author of <i>CliffsStudySolver Spanish I</i> and <i>Spanish II</i>, and <i>Webster's New World Spanish Grammar Handbook</i>. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9002"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119910251&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-639a0f5f9f4c6\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;language-language-arts&quot;,&quot;learning-languages&quot;,&quot;spanish&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119910251&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-639a0f5f9fdab\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Step by Step","articleList":null,"content":[{"title":"Begin with <b>tan</b> <i>(as)</i><i>,</i> and add the adjective or adverb.","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"content":"<p><b>Dolores es tan conscienzuda </b><i>(</i><i>Dolores is as conscientious</i><i>)</i></p>\n<p><b>Ella estudia tan diligentemente </b><i>(</i><i>She studies as diligently</i><i>)</i></p>\n"},{"title":"Add <b>como</b> <i>(as</i><i>)</i><i>,</i> and complete the rest of the sentence.","thumb":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/73766.image1.jpg","width":200,"height":150},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/73765.image0.jpg","width":640,"height":480},"content":"<p><b>Dolores es tan conscienzuda como Jorge.</b> <i>(</i><i>Dolores is as conscientious as George.</i><i>)</i></p>\n<p><b>Ella estudia tan diligentemente como él.</b> <i>(</i><i>She studies as diligently as he does.</i><i>)</i></p>\n"},{"title":"If you want to make a negative comparison, put <b>no</b> before the verb.","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"content":"<p><b>Tú no eres tan trabajadora como él.</b> <i>(You are not as hard </i><i>working as he is.)</i></p>\n<p><b>Tú no escuchas tan atentamente como Juan.</b> <i>(You don’t listen as attentively as Juan.)</i></p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-12-14T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207294}],"_links":{"self":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687/categoryArticles?sortField=time&sortOrder=1&size=10&offset=0"},"next":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687/categoryArticles?sortField=time&sortOrder=1&size=10&offset=10"},"last":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687/categoryArticles?sortField=time&sortOrder=1&size=10&offset=1140"}}},"objectTitle":"","status":"success","pageType":"article-category","objectId":"33687","page":1,"sortField":"time","sortOrder":1,"categoriesIds":[],"articleTypes":[],"filterData":{"categoriesFilter":[{"itemId":0,"itemName":"All Categories","count":1149},{"itemId":33688,"itemName":"Grammar & Vocabulary","count":205},{"itemId":33687,"itemName":"Language & Language Arts","count":3},{"itemId":33689,"itemName":"Learning Languages","count":705},{"itemId":33706,"itemName":"Linguistics","count":15},{"itemId":33709,"itemName":"Literature","count":38},{"itemId":33710,"itemName":"Reading","count":20},{"itemId":33711,"itemName":"Writing","count":163}],"articleTypeFilter":[{"articleType":"All Types","count":1149},{"articleType":"Articles","count":1041},{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","count":66},{"articleType":"Step by Step","count":19},{"articleType":"Videos","count":23}]},"filterDataLoadedStatus":"success","pageSize":10},"adsState":{"pageScripts":{"headers":{"timestamp":"2023-03-10T05:50:01+00:00"},"adsId":0,"data":{"scripts":[{"pages":["all"],"location":"header","script":"<!--Optimizely Script-->\r\n<script src=\"https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/10563184655.js\"></script>","enabled":false},{"pages":["all"],"location":"header","script":"<!-- comScore Tag -->\r\n<script>var _comscore = _comscore || [];_comscore.push({ c1: \"2\", c2: \"15097263\" });(function() {var s = document.createElement(\"script\"), el = document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\")[0]; s.async = true;s.src = (document.location.protocol == \"https:\" ? \"https://sb\" : \"http://b\") + \".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js\";el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el);})();</script><noscript><img src=\"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=15097263&cv=2.0&cj=1\" /></noscript>\r\n<!-- / comScore Tag -->","enabled":true},{"pages":["all"],"location":"footer","script":"<!--BEGIN QUALTRICS WEBSITE FEEDBACK SNIPPET-->\r\n<script type='text/javascript'>\r\n(function(){var g=function(e,h,f,g){\r\nthis.get=function(a){for(var a=a+\"=\",c=document.cookie.split(\";\"),b=0,e=c.length;b<e;b++){for(var d=c[b];\" \"==d.charAt(0);)d=d.substring(1,d.length);if(0==d.indexOf(a))return d.substring(a.length,d.length)}return null};\r\nthis.set=function(a,c){var b=\"\",b=new Date;b.setTime(b.getTime()+6048E5);b=\"; expires=\"+b.toGMTString();document.cookie=a+\"=\"+c+b+\"; path=/; \"};\r\nthis.check=function(){var a=this.get(f);if(a)a=a.split(\":\");else if(100!=e)\"v\"==h&&(e=Math.random()>=e/100?0:100),a=[h,e,0],this.set(f,a.join(\":\"));else return!0;var c=a[1];if(100==c)return!0;switch(a[0]){case \"v\":return!1;case \"r\":return c=a[2]%Math.floor(100/c),a[2]++,this.set(f,a.join(\":\")),!c}return!0};\r\nthis.go=function(){if(this.check()){var a=document.createElement(\"script\");a.type=\"text/javascript\";a.src=g;document.body&&document.body.appendChild(a)}};\r\nthis.start=function(){var t=this;\"complete\"!==document.readyState?window.addEventListener?window.addEventListener(\"load\",function(){t.go()},!1):window.attachEvent&&window.attachEvent(\"onload\",function(){t.go()}):t.go()};};\r\ntry{(new g(100,\"r\",\"QSI_S_ZN_5o5yqpvMVjgDOuN\",\"https://zn5o5yqpvmvjgdoun-wiley.siteintercept.qualtrics.com/SIE/?Q_ZID=ZN_5o5yqpvMVjgDOuN\")).start()}catch(i){}})();\r\n</script><div id='ZN_5o5yqpvMVjgDOuN'><!--DO NOT REMOVE-CONTENTS PLACED HERE--></div>\r\n<!--END WEBSITE FEEDBACK SNIPPET-->","enabled":false},{"pages":["all"],"location":"header","script":"<!-- Hotjar Tracking Code for http://www.dummies.com -->\r\n<script>\r\n (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){\r\n h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)};\r\n h._hjSettings={hjid:257151,hjsv:6};\r\n a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];\r\n r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1;\r\n r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv;\r\n a.appendChild(r);\r\n })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv=');\r\n</script>","enabled":false},{"pages":["article"],"location":"header","script":"<!-- //Connect Container: dummies --> <script src=\"//get.s-onetag.com/bffe21a1-6bb8-4928-9449-7beadb468dae/tag.min.js\" async defer></script>","enabled":true},{"pages":["homepage"],"location":"header","script":"<meta name=\"facebook-domain-verification\" content=\"irk8y0irxf718trg3uwwuexg6xpva0\" />","enabled":true},{"pages":["homepage","article","category","search"],"location":"footer","script":"<!-- Facebook Pixel Code -->\r\n<noscript>\r\n<img height=\"1\" width=\"1\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=256338321977984&ev=PageView&noscript=1\"/>\r\n</noscript>\r\n<!-- End Facebook Pixel Code -->","enabled":true}]}},"pageScriptsLoadedStatus":"success"},"navigationState":{"navigationCollections":[{"collectionId":287568,"title":"BYOB (Be Your Own Boss)","hasSubCategories":false,"url":"/collection/for-the-entry-level-entrepreneur-287568"},{"collectionId":293237,"title":"Be a Rad Dad","hasSubCategories":false,"url":"/collection/be-the-best-dad-293237"},{"collectionId":295890,"title":"Career Shifting","hasSubCategories":false,"url":"/collection/career-shifting-295890"},{"collectionId":294090,"title":"Contemplating the Cosmos","hasSubCategories":false,"url":"/collection/theres-something-about-space-294090"},{"collectionId":287563,"title":"For Those Seeking Peace of Mind","hasSubCategories":false,"url":"/collection/for-those-seeking-peace-of-mind-287563"},{"collectionId":287570,"title":"For the Aspiring Aficionado","hasSubCategories":false,"url":"/collection/for-the-bougielicious-287570"},{"collectionId":291903,"title":"For the Budding Cannabis Enthusiast","hasSubCategories":false,"url":"/collection/for-the-budding-cannabis-enthusiast-291903"},{"collectionId":291934,"title":"For the Exam-Season Crammer","hasSubCategories":false,"url":"/collection/for-the-exam-season-crammer-291934"},{"collectionId":287569,"title":"For the Hopeless Romantic","hasSubCategories":false,"url":"/collection/for-the-hopeless-romantic-287569"},{"collectionId":296450,"title":"For the Spring Term Learner","hasSubCategories":false,"url":"/collection/for-the-spring-term-student-296450"}],"navigationCollectionsLoadedStatus":"success","navigationCategories":{"books":{"0":{"data":[{"categoryId":33512,"title":"Technology","hasSubCategories":true,"url":"/category/books/technology-33512"},{"categoryId":33662,"title":"Academics & The Arts","hasSubCategories":true,"url":"/category/books/academics-the-arts-33662"},{"categoryId":33809,"title":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","hasSubCategories":true,"url":"/category/books/home-auto-hobbies-33809"},{"categoryId":34038,"title":"Body, Mind, & Spirit","hasSubCategories":true,"url":"/category/books/body-mind-spirit-34038"},{"categoryId":34224,"title":"Business, Careers, & Money","hasSubCategories":true,"url":"/category/books/business-careers-money-34224"}],"breadcrumbs":[],"categoryTitle":"Level 0 Category","mainCategoryUrl":"/category/books/level-0-category-0"}},"articles":{"0":{"data":[{"categoryId":33512,"title":"Technology","hasSubCategories":true,"url":"/category/articles/technology-33512"},{"categoryId":33662,"title":"Academics & The Arts","hasSubCategories":true,"url":"/category/articles/academics-the-arts-33662"},{"categoryId":33809,"title":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","hasSubCategories":true,"url":"/category/articles/home-auto-hobbies-33809"},{"categoryId":34038,"title":"Body, Mind, & Spirit","hasSubCategories":true,"url":"/category/articles/body-mind-spirit-34038"},{"categoryId":34224,"title":"Business, Careers, & Money","hasSubCategories":true,"url":"/category/articles/business-careers-money-34224"}],"breadcrumbs":[],"categoryTitle":"Level 0 Category","mainCategoryUrl":"/category/articles/level-0-category-0"}}},"navigationCategoriesLoadedStatus":"success"},"searchState":{"searchList":[],"searchStatus":"initial","relatedArticlesList":[],"relatedArticlesStatus":"initial"},"routeState":{"name":"ArticleCategory","path":"/category/articles/language-language-arts-33687/","hash":"","query":{},"params":{"category":"language-language-arts-33687"},"fullPath":"/category/articles/language-language-arts-33687/","meta":{"routeType":"category","breadcrumbInfo":{"suffix":"Articles","baseRoute":"/category/articles"},"prerenderWithAsyncData":true},"from":{"name":null,"path":"/","hash":"","query":{},"params":{},"fullPath":"/","meta":{}}},"sfmcState":{"status":"initial"},"profileState":{"auth":{},"userOptions":{},"status":"success"}}
Logo
  • Articles Open Article Categories
  • Books Open Book Categories
  • Collections Open Collections list
  • Custom Solutions

Article Categories

Book Categories

Collections

Explore all collections
BYOB (Be Your Own Boss)
Be a Rad Dad
Career Shifting
Contemplating the Cosmos
For Those Seeking Peace of Mind
For the Aspiring Aficionado
For the Budding Cannabis Enthusiast
For the Exam-Season Crammer
For the Hopeless Romantic
For the Spring Term Learner
Log In
  • Home
  • Academics & The Arts Articles
  • Language & Language Arts Articles

Language & Language Arts Articles

Language — it's a human thing. Learn or teach a new language, beef up your writing skills, or study the science of language.

Browse By Category

Grammar & Vocabulary

Learning Languages

Linguistics

Literature

Reading

Writing

Previous slideNext slide

Grammar & Vocabulary

Learning Languages

Linguistics

Literature

Reading

Writing

Articles From Language & Language Arts

page 1
page 2
page 3
page 4
page 5
page 6
page 7
page 8
page 9
page 10
page 11
page 12
page 13
page 14
page 15
page 16
page 17
page 18
page 19
page 20
page 21
page 22
page 23
page 24
page 25
page 26
page 27
page 28
page 29
page 30
page 31
page 32
page 33
page 34
page 35
page 36
page 37
page 38
page 39
page 40
page 41
page 42
page 43
page 44
page 45
page 46
page 47
page 48
page 49
page 50
page 51
page 52
page 53
page 54
page 55
page 56
page 57
page 58
page 59
page 60
page 61
page 62
page 63
page 64
page 65
page 66
page 67
page 68
page 69
page 70
page 71
page 72
page 73
page 74
page 75
page 76
page 77
page 78
page 79
page 80
page 81
page 82
page 83
page 84
page 85
page 86
page 87
page 88
page 89
page 90
page 91
page 92
page 93
page 94
page 95
page 96
page 97
page 98
page 99
page 100
page 101
page 102
page 103
page 104
page 105
page 106
page 107
page 108
page 109
page 110
page 111
page 112
page 113
page 114
page 115

Filter Results

1,150 results
1,150 results
Grammar & Vocabulary English Grammar All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 03-09-2023

If you're learning English grammar or trying to brush up on some of it, this Cheat Sheet will come in handy. It includes the parts of speech, sentence essentials, tips on using pronouns and punctuation, adding style to your writing, and more.

View Cheat Sheet
Spanish Checking into a Hotel in Spanish

Article / Updated 02-09-2023

If you're traveling abroad, knowing a few Spanish hotel words and phrases can help you find good hotel accommodations in a Spanish-speaking area. The following dialogue shows what could be a common dialogue between a traveler and a hotel receptionist. Anita has just arrived in town, and she’s at the front desk of a large hotel. She asks for a room for the night. Anita: Necesito una habitación, con baño. neh-seh-see-toh oo-nah ah-bvee-tah-seeohn kohn bvah-nyoh I need a room, with bath. Receptionist: ¿Le gusta hacia la calle o hacia el patio? leh goos-tah ah-seeah lah kah-yeh oh ah-seeah ehl pah-teeoh Do you prefer a room facing the street or the patio? Anita: Prefiero hacia el patio. preh-feeeh-roh ah-seeah ehl pah-teeoh I prefer it toward the patio. Receptionist: Las del patio son muy tranquilas. Las habitaciones hacia el patio cuestan cuarenta pesos, sin desayuno. lahs dehl pah-teeoh sohn mooy trahn-kee-lahs lahs ah-bvee-tah-seeoh-nehs ah-seeah ehl pah-teeoh kooehs-tahn kooah-rehn-tah peh-sohs seen deh-sah-yoo-noh The patio rooms are very quiet. The rooms facing the patio cost forty pesos, without breakfast. Anita: En el primer piso? ehn ehl pree-mehr pee-soh On the first floor? Receptionist: No, las del segundo piso. Las del primero son a cincuenta pesos. noh lahs dehl seh-goon-doh pee-soh lahs dehl pree-meh-roh sohn a seen-kooehn-tah peh-sohs No, the second floor ones. The first floor rooms are priced at fifty pesos. Anita: Prefiero una en el primer piso. preh-feeeh-roh oo-nah ehn ehl pree-mehr pee-soh I prefer one on the first floor. Receptionist: Muy bien, señora. mooy bveeehn sey-nyoh-rah Very well. Receptionist: ¿Prefiere con cama matrimonial o con dos camas? preh-feeeh-reh kohn kah-mah mah-tree-moh-neeahl oh kohn dohs kah-mahs Do you prefer a double bed or two beds? Anita: Prefiero con dos camas. preh-feeeh-roh kohn dohs kah-mahs I prefer two beds. Receptionist: Tengo disponible en el primer piso la habitación número ciento diecinueve. Quiere verla? tehn-goh dees-poh-nee-bvleh ehn ehl pree-mehr pee-soh lah ah-bvee-tah-seeohn noo-meh-roh seeehn-toh-deeeh-see-nooeh-bveh keeeh-reh bvehr-lah Room 119 is available on the first floor. Do you want to see it? Anita: Sí, quiero verla. see keeeh-roh bvehr-lah Yes, I want to see it. Receptionist: Pedro, acompañe a la señora a la habitación ciento diecinueve. Aquí está la llave. peh-droh ah-kohm-pah-nyeh ah lah seh-nyoh-rah ah lah ah-bvee-tah-seeohn seeehn-toh-deeeh-see-nooeh-bveh. ah-kee ehs-tah lah yah-bveh Pedro, take the lady to room 119. Here’s the key. Anita likes the room. Now she needs to take care of the arrangements and check in. Anita: Me gusta la habitación ciento diecinueve. La voy a tomar. meh goos-tah lah ah-bvee-tah-seeohn seeehn-toh-deeeh-see-nooeh-bveh lah bvohy ah toh-mahr I like room 119. I’m going to take it. Receptionist: ¿Cuántos días desea quedarse? koo-ahn-tohs deeahs deh-seh-ah keh-dahr-she How many days do you want to stay? Anita: Me quedo por tres dias. meh keh-doh pohr trehs deeahs I’m staying three days. Receptionist: Haga el favor de registrarse. El desayuno no está incluído en el precio. ¿Va a hacer un depósito por la primera noche? ah-gah ehl fah-bvohr deh reh-Hees-trahr-she ehl deh-sah-yoo-noh noh ehs-tah een-klooee-doh ehn ehl preh-seeoh bvah ah ah-sehr oon deh-poh-see-toh pohr lah pree-meh-rah noh-cheh Please check in. Breakfast is not included in the price. Are you going to make a deposit for the first night? Anita: Sí, lo voy a hacer. ¿Con tarjeta o efectivo? see loh bvohy ah ah-sehr kohn tahr-Heh-tah oh eh-fehk-tee-bvoh Yes, I’ll make it. Cash or credit card? Receptionist: Como usted guste. koh-moh oos-tehd goos-the Whichever you like. Anita: ¿Me pueden despertar a las siete de la mañana? meh pooeh-dehn dehs-pehr-tahr ah lahs seeeh-teh deh lah mah-nyah-nah Can you wake me at seven in the morning? Receptionist: Como no. Que pase buenas noches. koh-moh noh keh pah-seh bvooeh-nahs noh-chehs Of course. Have a good night.

View Article
German Intermediate German For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 02-09-2023

Maybe you're familiar with some basics of German grammar, but you want to become more confident in both writing and speaking in German. This quick overview will reacquaint you with personal pronouns — try to memorize these and be sure you know all three cases — and help you brush up on present tense verb construction. With practice and time, you'll soon be off and having fun auf Deutsch (in German)!

View Cheat Sheet
Italian How to Order Food in Italian

Article / Updated 02-09-2023

Whether you're on a short visit to an Italian-speaking country or you're planning to take up residence in Italy itself, knowing how to order food in Italian is essential. Eating out can be a lot of fun, especially if you know some basic vocabulary. The Italian bar is really what Americans would call a café. There you can get breakfast (coffee and a pastry), snacks, sandwiches, and salty snacks to accompany your before-dinner drink. assegno (ahs-seh-nyoh) [m] (check) pagare (pah-gah-reh) (to pay) soldi (sohl-dee) [m/pl] (money) In Italian-speaking countries, as in most of the rest of the world, there are three meals a day: colazione (koh-lah-tsee-oh-neh) [f] (breakfast), pranzo (prahn-tsoh) [m] (lunch), and cena (cheh-nah) [f] (dinner). The following phrases might help you when you're eating at a restaurant. Vorrei prenotare. (I’d like to make a reservation.) Per che ora? (For what time?) Per quante persone? (For how many people?) No, non abbiamo prenotato. (No, we don’t have a reservation.) Ci porti il conto, per favore. [Formal] (Bring us the check, please.) Here are some food items you can order: antipasti (ahn-tee-pahs-tee) [m] (appetizers) carne (kahr-neh) [f] (meat) cioccolata (choh-koh-lah-tah) [f] (chocolate) formaggio (fohr-mahj-joh) [m] (cheese) fragola (frah-goh-lah) [f] (strawberry) frutta (froot-tah) [f] (fruit) gelato (jeh-lah-toh) [m] (ice cream) insalata (een-sah-lah-tah) [f] (salad) pane (pah-neh) [m] (bread) pesce (peh-cheh) [m] (fish) riso (ree-zoh) [m] (rice) sale (sah-leh) [m] (salt) verdura (vehr-doo-reh) [f] (vegetables) The following phrases can help you place your drink order. Un caffè, per favore. (A coffee, please.) Un bicchiere di latte caldo (A glass of warm milk) Una cioccolata calda (A hot chocolate) Tre birre (Three beers) Un bicchiere di acqua minerale (A glass of mineral water) Liscia o gassata? (Flat or carbonated?) Un panino, per favore. (I’ll have a sandwich, please.) Lo scontrino, per favore. (Receipt, please.) Due cappuccini, per favore. (Two cappuccinos, please.) Here are some drink items you can order acqua (ahk-koo-ah) [f] (water) vino (vee-noh) [m] (wine) bere (beh-reh) (to drink) birra (beer-rah) [f] (beer) caffè (kahf-feh) [m] (coffee) latte (laht-teh) [m] (milk) You might want to use the following adjectives to when giving your cameriere/cameriera (waiter/waitress) your food or drink order: calda/o (kahl-dah/doh) [f/m] (warm; hot) fredda/o (frehd-dah/doh) [f] (cold) dolce (dohl-cheh) [m/f] (sweet) grande (grahn-deh) [m/f] (big; tall; large) piccola/o (peek-koh-lah/loh) [f/m] (small; short) Italians don’t drink cappuccino after breakfast time.

View Article
Italian Discussing Your Job in Italian

Article / Updated 02-09-2023

Business contacts with people in other countries continues to increase in importance. Because modern technology supports the quick exchange of information over vast distances, you may have to talk to foreign business partners — or even travel to their countries. If you happen to have business contacts with Italian companies, knowing some basic Italian business vocabulary may be useful. Because English is the language of business, however, Italian has adopted many English computer and software terms. Italian has at least three words for "company" — la compagnia (lah kohm-pah-nyee-ah), la ditta (lah deet-tah) (which also means "the firm"), and la società (lah soh-cheh-tah). These words are virtually interchangeable. L'ufficio (loof-fee-choh) is Italian for "office," but people often use stanza (stahn-tsah) (room) to refer to their personal office. The following sentences give you a taste of the phrases you hear in uffici (oof-fee-chee) (offices) everywhere: La mia scrivania è troppo piccola. (lah mee-ah skree-vah-nee-ah eh trohp-poh peek-koh-lah) (My desk is too small.) È una grande società? (eh oo-nah grahn-deh soh-cheh-tah) (Is it a big company?) Non proprio, diciamo media. (nohn proh-pree-oh dee-chah-moh meh-dee-ah) (Not really, let's say medium-sized.) Lavora per una piccola agenzia. (lah-voh-rah pehr oo-nah peek-koh-lah ah-jehn-tsee-ah) (He works for a small agency.) Amo il mio lavoro. (ah-moh eel mee-oh lah-voh-roh) (I like my job.) To learn a language, you have to work, too. Here's the conjugation of the verb lavorare (lah-voh-rah-reh) (to work). Conjugation Pronunciation io lavoro ee-oh lah-voh-roh tu lavori too lah-voh-ree lui/lei lavora loo-ee/lay lah-voh-rah noi lavoriamo noh-ee lah-voh-ree-ah-moh voi lavorate voh-ee lah-voh-rah-teh loro lavorano loh-roh lah-voh-rah-noh S.p.A. is the Italian abbreviation for Società per Azioni (soh-cheh-tah pehr ah-tsee-oh-nee) (joint-stock company), whereas a S.A.S., Società in Accomandita Semplice (soh-cheh-tah een ahk-koh-mahn-dee-tah sehm-plee-cheh) is a limited partnership. Another type of company is an S.r.l. (Società a responsabilità limitata) (soh-cheh-tah ah rehs-pohn-sah-bee-lee-tah lee-mee-tah-tah) (public limited company, also know as a p.l.c.).

View Article
Writing Writing a Romance Novel For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 02-06-2023

Romance is a top-selling fiction genre that includes historical and contemporary romance, paranormal and suspenseful romance, and more. Whether you’re an aspiring writer or just new to the genre, you’ll find practical information and tips here to help you along your writing journey.

View Cheat Sheet
Writing What Is Reflective Journaling?

Article / Updated 02-01-2023

Listen to the article:Download audio Reflective journaling is a structured approach to journaling that focuses on finding meaning in life events by asking questions, such as “What happened?” “How did I respond?” and “How did this event change me?” Through the reflective journaling process, you can examine your thoughts, interpretations, and belief systems to become more self-aware and to grow from your life experiences. In addition, the reflective writing practice can improve your ability to challenge assumptions and think creatively. Exploring life with reflective journaling When you picture yourself journaling, you likely see yourself writing in a free-form fashion about thoughts, feelings, and whatever comes to mind. This unstructured technique, referred to as free-writing, is probably the most well-known of all journaling methods. People usually free-write without a specific purpose. Similar to going on a Sunday afternoon drive without having a destination, you’re just out to see the sights, and maybe you meander down some side roads on a whim. Your drive may be a fun and relaxing activity that provides perspective on your neighborhood and its surroundings, and might possibly lead to somewhere new and exciting, but that’s not the intention. Like that Sunday drive, free-writing may lead to meaningful self-discoveries, but is most often just an exploration of familiar inner roads. On the other hand, reflective journaling combines intention with exploration. This type of journaling goes on that metaphorical Sunday drive with a final destination in mind. You can still explore interesting sights and meander down those side roads along the way, but you arrive at a meaningful destination. Your trip fulfills a purpose beyond just getting in the car and driving. Reflective journaling is a therapeutic practice that can help you identify, grow from, and find meaning in your past experiences. And the new perspective you gain along the way can change the way you respond to people and events in the future. We create our life stories by making meaning of events that happen in our lives. Reflective journaling allows you to reconsider those stories, to deeply explore all sides of an event, and to confirm or even rewrite those stories. You can use reflective journaling to examine events in the distant past, or events that happened just yesterday. You can also use it to reflect on important topics in your life: relationships, life passages, parenting, and more. Fortunately, like most journaling methods, you can quickly get the hang of reflective journaling. And, with practice, you can turn it into a powerful tool to enhance your understanding of your past, increase self-knowledge and self-awareness, help you change how you respond in stressful situations, and even improve relationships. Defining reflection Before you dive into practicing reflective journaling, I want to make sure you understand what I mean when I say “reflection.” You can interpret the term reflection in a number of ways that apply to your reflective journaling practice. To reflect may include any or all of the following: To cause to change direction: “The glass reflects the light.” Reflective journaling can reflect light on, or bring insight to, related concepts, issues, and behaviors. For example, while reflecting on your relationship with your son, you suddenly see a similarity in your relationship with your father. Your reflective thinking bounces the light off the surface of your intended subject (your son) to a nearby subject (your father), which ultimately provides some insight into yourself in the process. To mirror back: “The still water of the lake reflects the trees along its banks.” Nothing provides self-awareness as effectively as a mirror. Reflective journaling gives you the opportunity to see your behaviors and attitudes mirrored back to you, simply through the act of writing about them as well as reading and analyzing your entries afterwards. And when you maintain an intention of remaining curious about yourself, you can use reflective journaling to understand yourself better and make purposeful change in your life. To make apparent: “Their work reflects their attitude.” You may have difficulty seeing patterns in your own life. However, writing consistently about the same issues from different angles can provide a work of reflection. Much like weaving a blanket thread by thread, then stepping back to see the patterns you created, reviewing journaling entries made over time can help you perceive behavioral patterns in your life. To consider or think carefully about: “They reflected on the many mistakes they had made.” This definition provides the most direct explanation of what you’re doing when you write reflectively in your journal. You simply write down the thoughts, emotions, and responses that you have while you consider your topic. Seeing the benefits of reflection Simply thinking or writing about your past doesn’t necessarily involve true reflection. Don’t play past events in your head over and over again, a practice called ruminating. This process doesn’t provide any constructive insights and can actually be unhealthy. Ruminating about your past can lead you to beat yourself up mentally about past mistakes and to dwell on regrets. Looking back in this manner can lead to sadness, anger, and depression. In contrast, reflective journaling, done with intention and purpose, provides a constructive outlet. You can get many benefits from considering past events introspectively and, in particular, thinking about your responses to those events. Here are a few potential benefits of reflective journaling. Reflection can: Help you make connections between experiences. These connections, in turn, help you to see the past from a new perspective. Looking back, you can express compassion and empathy to that past version of yourself and other people who played a role in hurtful events in your life.For example, a good friend did something that seemed like an intentional slight at the time. Upon reflection, you can now perceive their behavior for what it was: They had a lot going on in their life, felt overwhelmed, and couldn’t give you what you needed. They didn’t slight you intentionally, you now realize. This realization, then, opens the door to forgiveness and healing. Improve your critical thinking skills. One of the purposes of reflective journaling is to question assumptions you make about people and events in your life. An assumption is an unexamined belief or way of thinking that you’ve taken for granted. Assumptions guide conclusions and decisions you make, so becoming aware of and questioning your assumptions is key to critical thinking, resulting in improved self-awareness and better decision making. Show you how far you’ve come. Each day, you do the best you can, but you can’t easily tell if you improve much over time. When you reflect on past behaviors and relationships, and compare those behaviors and relationships with where you are today, you can see how much you’ve changed and grown. And if you realize that you haven’t changed much, that realization can spur you to make life course corrections. Give you the opportunity to reassess what you want in your life. Reflecting on where you’ve been and what you’ve experienced allows you to decide what you like or want in your life and what you don’t. It can inspire you to recommit to goals or change direction altogether.

View Article
Spanish How to Conjugate Regular Spanish Verbs

Article / Updated 12-27-2022

As in almost every language, in Spanish you have to conjugate verbs because you use a different form of the verb depending upon who you’re talking to, who you’re talking about, and when the action took place. Conjugating verbs in Spanish means giving them different endings. The following tables show the endings to change (they’re in boldface) for regular verbs ending in –ar and regular verbs ending in –er and –ir. -ar Verbs: hablar (to speak) Person Present Preterit Imperfect Future Conditional Present Subjunctive yo hablo hablé hablaba hablaré hablaría hable tú hablas hablaste hablabas hablarás hablarías hables él, ella, Ud. habla habló hablaba hablará hablaría hable nosotros hablamos hablamos hablábamos hablaremos hablaríamos hablemos vosotros habláis hablasteis hablábais hablaréis hablaríais habléis ellos, ellas, Uds. hablan hablaron hablaban hablarán hablarían hablen -er and -ir Verbs: beber (to drink) and subir (to go up) Person Present Preterit Imperfect Future Conditional Present Subjunctive yo bebo subo beb’ subí beb’a subía beberŽ subiré beber’a subiría beba suba tú bebes subes bebiste subiste bebías sub’as beberás subir‡s beber’as subirías bebas subas él, ella, Ud. bebe sube bebió subi— bebía sub’a beberá subir bebería subir’a beba suba nosotros bebemos subimos bebimos subimos beb’amos subíamos beberemos subiremos beber’amos subiríamos bebamos subamos vosotros bebŽis subís bebisteis subis beb’ais subíais beberŽis subiréis beber’ais subiríais beb‡is subáis ellos, ellas, Uds. beben suben bebieron subieron beb’an sub’an beberán subir‡n beberían subir’an beban suban

View Article
Writing The Many Benefits of Keeping a Journal

Article / Updated 12-15-2022

The reason that so many people are drawn to journaling — and likely one of the reasons you’re reading this article — is because journaling is so very beneficial and in so many ways. These benefits have been proven and documented many times through decades of research. From school children just learning to write to elderly adults, journaling has been shown to improve emotional, mental, and physical health. It can unleash creativity and enhance productivity. It helps you clarify your thoughts and feelings and can help you make tough decisions. It’s all in the how and the why you use it. Emotional and mental health People who journal regularly report experiencing an enhanced sense of overall well-being. Moreover, many have gained tangible improvements to their emotional, mental, and physical health. The area that has been studied the most when it comes to journaling is emotional and mental health. You’ve probably heard that journaling is an inexpensive form of psychotherapy. Most sayings contain a seed of truth; in this case, the seed has grown into a tree. Studies conducted in clinical and educational settings since the 1960s have shown the following mental and emotional effects of journaling: Reduces stress and anxiety Boosts feelings of well-being Supports self-love and acceptance Improves the ability to cope with grief, loss, and illness Increases mental clarity I’m not saying that journaling should replace counseling or psychotherapy. Professional therapeutic services have benefits that journaling can’t provide. And it would be irresponsible of me to suggest otherwise. In fact, when combined with conventional therapy, journaling has been shown to increase the effectiveness of the therapy. Counseling and psychotherapy both focus on communicating thoughts and feelings in a safe environment. The counselor or therapist acts as a mirror and resource for the person being counseled. Like a mirror, they reflect your own words and emotions back to you so that you can see them more objectively. As a resource, they can provide guidance, wisdom, and access to additional resources. Journaling gives you a safe space to communicate your deepest thoughts and emotions. Similar to a counselor or therapist, it acts like a mirror, reflecting back to you, in your own words, your feelings, thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral patterns. When approached with curiosity and an open mind, journaling can help you become more self-aware and increase your ability to process and make meaning of life. Journaling also helps you tap into your inner wisdom, your innate guidance — that inner-self who knows what you really need and want and, when listened to, can help you shift your well-being in a positive direction. Physical health benefits Improved mental health may be reason enough to journal, but did you know that journaling has also been shown to benefit physical health? Dr. Ira Progoff, one of the first psychologists to study and document the effects of journaling, found that in addition to decreasing stress, anxiety, and fear, journal writing for just 15 to 20 minutes, three to five times a week, was correlated with increasing immune system function and decreasing blood pressure. The journal writers in the study went to the doctor less often and just felt better overall. A 2017 study published in Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of Biobehavioral Medicine (Elsevier) found that those who kept journals during divorce had lower heart rates and higher heart rate variability — both indicators of good health. We can extrapolate from this that journaling could have the same benefits during any stressful loss or life transition. Other studies have shown that journaling improves overall memory function by enhancing the brain’s ability to intake, process, and retrieve information. And because of its positive effects on thinking, journaling has been used in educational settings to help students understand how to think more logically and analytically. Supercharging inspiration and achievement Because journaling is a safe and private activity, and lends itself well to delving into literally any topic or personal characteristic, it’s an excellent tool for exploring creative inspiration, practicing creative skills, and finding creative solutions to any kind of problem. Inspirational ideas have a tendency to blossom into projects. It follows that journaling is a natural (and effective) way to develop and manage your project-related goals and tasks. Have you ever awakened from a dream inspired by a groundbreaking idea? Or had a brilliant solution to a problem while performing a routine task such as doing the dishes or taking a shower? Creative ideas come to us at all times of the day and night — often when we’re thinking about something else entirely. In addition to using words to capture feelings and ideas, you can use your journal as a sketchbook to create mind maps, detail visual ideas, and express emotions through forms and colors. You can also use it to record those inspired dreams. Your journal is a place to capture ideas when they happen and then explore them in more depth later, when you have time. Because it encourages capturing ideas and self-reflection, journaling can help you with your creative process, whether your art is painting, music, or writing itself. One of your journal’s greatest gifts is that it can be messy and unformed, and that’s okay. In your journal, you can develop ideas privately, without the burden of having to “make something good.” Your journal gives you a place to practice without pressure. Because of its judgement-free nature, your journal can help you build confidence in your craft, as well as create a rich resource of ideas that you can come back to over and over again. Writing craft If you like to write, and you dream of becoming a better writer, your journal is a wonderful playground in which to practice. I think the biggest breakthrough for me as a writer — that moment I went from writer-wannabe to knowing I was a writer — came when I recognized that journaling was writing practice. And it was in my journal that I found my authentic writing voice. Consider the following truths about your journal. It’s safe and private, and nothing you write is open to criticism. You can write from your heart, and your inner critic and editor — that voice in your head that’s constantly belittling your writing and telling you that you’re not a real writer — isn’t welcome. Your journal is a playground, and you can put together words however you want in this playground. You don’t have to worry about spelling or punctuation, or whether your sentences flow coherently from one to the next. You can be as messy or neat as you want, and there’s no one to say otherwise. For example, you can use your journal to Brainstorm plots Develop characters Sketch a scene Practice dialogue Create poetry Explore points of view Piece together story ideas Writing is writing, whether it’s in your journal or in text or e-mail. The more you write from your heart — which journaling encourages and helps you practice — the more authentic all your writing becomes. Discovering your Self Every person has both an outer- and inner-self. The outer self is who you present to the world — you, on your best behavior. This is the self who holds back expressing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that others might judge negatively. The outer-self is mostly concerned with how you’re viewed by others, dressing and communicating appropriately so that you have a better chance of fitting in with your social and work groups. When I talk about Self with a capital S, I’m referring to your inner-self, that deep inner emotional/spiritual part of you — the person you really are on the inside. The part of you that contains inner wisdom. The you who’s creative and uninhibited, honest and vulnerable. The you who also has a dark side — who can be angry, depressed, or in pain — that you don’t always want to see. There’s nothing wrong with having these outer and inner expressions of who you are. It’s part of being human. But if your outer- and inner-selves aren’t both aligned with your core values, you can feel conflicted and stressed. For example, have you ever acted in a way or done something because of social (peer) pressure that you felt uncomfortable with or felt guilty about later? That discomfort is the tension between your outer- and inner-selves — between your words or actions, and what you truly value. Here are some ways that journaling can help you discover your Self and then assist you with aligning your inner and outer ways of being: Identifying inner conflicts and influences: Using writing to explore the tension and discomfort you feel in those conflicted situations can help you identify the influences in your life that don’t support your values. Increasing confidence: Putting your values and dreams in writing increases your confidence to live the life you want. Acknowledging your darkness: Expressing your darker emotions and thoughts on the page allows you to bring light, compassion, and healing to the part of you that you hide from the world (and sometimes yourself). Being your Self: The self-awareness you gain from journaling can help you align and integrate your inner and outer personas so that you can be your authentic Self in the world. When you have a strong sense of Self, you’re not easily swayed by others’ opinions or by groupthink — a forced or manipulated conformity to group ethics, values, and viewpoints. You’re self-aware; you have a sense of purpose and know what’s important to you. And you behave in ways that are consistent with your core values.

View Article
Spanish Making Equal Comparisons in Spanish

Step by Step / Updated 12-14-2022

Comparisons of equality show that two things or people are the same. In Spanish, whether you’re using an adjective or an adverb, you make the comparison the same way.

View Step by Step
page 1
page 2
page 3
page 4
page 5
page 6
page 7
page 8
page 9
page 10
page 11
page 12
page 13
page 14
page 15
page 16
page 17
page 18
page 19
page 20
page 21
page 22
page 23
page 24
page 25
page 26
page 27
page 28
page 29
page 30
page 31
page 32
page 33
page 34
page 35
page 36
page 37
page 38
page 39
page 40
page 41
page 42
page 43
page 44
page 45
page 46
page 47
page 48
page 49
page 50
page 51
page 52
page 53
page 54
page 55
page 56
page 57
page 58
page 59
page 60
page 61
page 62
page 63
page 64
page 65
page 66
page 67
page 68
page 69
page 70
page 71
page 72
page 73
page 74
page 75
page 76
page 77
page 78
page 79
page 80
page 81
page 82
page 83
page 84
page 85
page 86
page 87
page 88
page 89
page 90
page 91
page 92
page 93
page 94
page 95
page 96
page 97
page 98
page 99
page 100
page 101
page 102
page 103
page 104
page 105
page 106
page 107
page 108
page 109
page 110
page 111
page 112
page 113
page 114
page 115

Quick Links

  • About For Dummies
  • Contact Us
  • Activate A Book Pin

Connect

Opt in to our newsletter!

By entering your email address and clicking the “Submit” button, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy & to receive electronic communications from Dummies.com, which may include marketing promotions, news and updates.

About Dummies

Dummies has always stood for taking on complex concepts and making them easy to understand. Dummies helps everyone be more knowledgeable and confident in applying what they know. Whether it's to pass that big test, qualify for that big promotion or even master that cooking technique; people who rely on dummies, rely on it to learn the critical skills and relevant information necessary for success.

Terms of Use
Privacy Policy
Cookies Settings
Do Not Sell My Personal Info - CA Only