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The rooks go on the corner squares.
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Place the knights next to the rooks.
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Put the bishops on the board next to the knights.
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After the bishops come the queens. The queens always start on the square of the same shade — the white queen starts on a light square, and the black queen starts on a dark square.
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Place the kings next to the queens, which is only fitting.
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Add the pawns straight across the rank in front of the other pieces.