The normal distribution family is one of many distribution families baked into R. Dealing with these families is intuitive. Follow these guidelines:
- Begin with the distribution family’s name in R (norm for the normal family, for example).
- To the beginning of the family name, add
dto work with the probability density function. For the probability density function for the normal family, then, it’sdnorm(). - For the cumulative density function (cdf ), add
p (pnorm(), for example). - For quantiles, add
q (qnorm(), which in mathematical terms is the inverse of the cdf ). - To generate random numbers from a distribution, add
r. Sornorm()generates random numbers from a member of the normal distribution family.
The complex relationship between x and f(x) is 
