Coding All-in-One For Dummies
Overview
The go-to guide for learning coding from the ground-up
Adding some coding know-how to your skills can help launch a new career or bolster an old one. Coding All-in-One For Dummies offers an ideal starting place for learning the languages that make technology go. This edition gets you started with a helpful explanation of how coding works and how it’s applied in the real-world before setting you on a path toward writing code for web building, mobile application development, and data analysis. Add coding to your skillset for
your existing career, or begin the exciting transition into life as a professional developer—Dummies makes it easy.
- Learn coding basics and how to apply them
- Analyze data and automate routine tasks on the job
- Get the foundation you need to launch a career as a coder
- Add HTML, JavaScript, and Python know-how to your resume
This book serves up insight on the basics of coding, designed to be easy to follow, even if you’ve never written a line of code in your life. You can do this.
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About The Author
This All-in-One includes work by expert coders and coding educators, including Chris Minnick and Eva Holland coauthors of Coding with JavaScript For Dummies; Nikhil Abraham, author of Coding For Dummies and Getting a Coding Job For Dummies; John Paul Mueller and Luca Massaron, coauthors of Python for Data Science For Dummies and Machine Learning For Dummies; and Barry Burd, author of Flutter For Dummies.
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coding all-in-one for dummies
CHEAT SHEET
Coding is equal parts vocabulary, logic, and syntax. Coding may at first seem intimidating, but with practice, though, it's easy to get comfortable with its terminology, concepts, and structure. Understanding coding is not unlike learning a new language: Use it often enough and you'll find yourself able to speak, think, and write in code.
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The options for learning how to code never seem to end, and advanced degrees typically appeal to a particular group of people. While not necessary for either learning to code or obtaining a coding job, an advanced degree can help accelerate your learning and differentiate you from other job candidates. Here are the two types of advanced degree programs:
Master’s degree: A technical degree that allows you to explore and specialize in a particular area of computer science such as artificial intelligence, security, database systems, or machine learning.
Coding
Both averaging and voting systems can also work fine when you use a mix of different machine learning algorithms. This is the averaging approach, and it’s widely used when you can’t reduce the estimate variance.As you try to learn from data, you have to try different solutions, thus modeling your data using different machine learning solutions.
Coding has an extensive vocabulary that to laymen can seem like impenetrable techno-babble. Whether you're reading coding-related article online or speaking to a developer at work, you may hear words that you have not heard before or that have a different meaning in a coding context. Here are some common vocabulary words to know:
General web development terms:
Server: A computer that hosts website code, and that "serves" website code when requested by a "client" computer.
Coding
Let’s say that you’ve taken training classes at work, found a coding mentor, and even solved your first problem by using code. Congratulations! So where do you go from here? Like a foreign language, if you stop coding, you’ll forget what you’ve learned. The most important thing is to keep coding and building your confidence and skills.
Coding
Practice your Python online using the Codecademy website. Codecademy is a free website created in 2011 to allow anyone to learn how to code right in the browser, without installing or downloading any software. Practice tags (and a few more) by following these steps:
Go to Dummies.com Coding All-in-One page, and click the link to Codecademy.
Coding
Practice Bootstrap online using the Codecademy website. Codecademy is a free website created in 2011 to allow anyone to learn how to code right in the browser, without installing or downloading any software. Practice tags by following these steps:
Go to the Dummies.com Coding All-in-One page, and click the link to Codecademy.
Like careers in medicine or law, a career in coding was often a long road. Much has changed in the industry, and today it's possible to get started without being accepted at a prestigious university or working for years on an advanced degree. In fact, you can probably go to work right away after learning the skills that employers require.
Coding is equal parts vocabulary, logic, and syntax. Coding may at first seem intimidating, but with practice, though, it's easy to get comfortable with its terminology, concepts, and structure. Understanding coding is not unlike learning a new language: Use it often enough and you'll find yourself able to speak, think, and write in code.
Coding
What courses will you need to take in college to get a coding job? College CS courses offer a sweeping survey of entire computer systems from the hardware used to allocate memory to the high-level software that runs programs and the theories used to write that software. As a result, you gain a great sense of why computer systems behave as they do, which gives you the foundation to advance a technology or a programming language when the need arises.
Dates can present problems in data. For one thing, dates are stored as numeric values. However, the precise value of the number depends on the representation for the particular platform and could even depend on the users’ preferences. For example, Excel users can choose to start dates in 1900 or 1904. The numeric encoding for each is different, so the same date can have two numeric values depending on the starting date.
It's common to think that coding careers are reserved for the few technical wizards in the world. In fact, it's a regular job for regular folks. If you're persistent, conscientious, and curious, I'll bet you can do it. Don't sell yourself short by buying into ideas that just aren't true.
You must be good at math to be a coder
Developers who are building cutting-edge games, data scientists trying to create the next big machine-learning algorithm, or engineers working in the financial services industry likely need some proficiency in physics, statistics, or financial math.
Jobs in coding involve more than just sitting in front of a computer. There are other steps you must take in order to ensure that a project is seen through to the end. The purpose of the planning phase is to
Understand the client goals. Some clients may want to be the first to enter an industry with an app, even if it means sacrificing quality.
There are many tools available to help coders do their best work. Before you start coding, do a few housekeeping items. First, ensure that you are doing all of the following:
Using the Chrome browser: Download and install the latest version of Chrome, as it offers the most support for the latest HTML standards.
Coding
Machine learning depends a lot on the in-sample data. This portion of your data is important because you want to discover a point of view of the world, and as with all points of view, it can be wrong, distorted, or just merely partial. You also know that you need an out-of-sample example to check whether the learning process is working.
special formatting, you do have to consider how the text is stored and whether it contains special words within it. The multiple forms of encoding present on web pages can present interpretation problems that you need to consider as you work through the text.For example, the way the text is encoded can differ because of different operating systems, languages, and geographical areas.
Coding
Even though supervised learning is the most popular and frequently used of the three types, all machine learning algorithms respond to the same logic. The central idea is that you can represent reality using a mathematical function that the algorithm doesn’t know in advance but can guess after having seen some data.
Coding
In addition to pure layouts, Bootstrap can also create web page components found on almost every website. The idea here is the same as when working with layouts — instead of re-creating the wheel every time by designing your own button or toolbar, it would be better to use prebuilt code, which has already been tested across multiple browsers and devices.
Coding
Scatterplots are especially important for data science because they can show data patterns that aren’t obvious when viewed in other ways. You can see data groupings with relative ease and help the viewer understand when data belongs to a particular group. You can also show overlaps between groups and even demonstrate when certain data is outside the expected range.
Coding
Generally, you use absolute positioning only on named elements, rather than classes or general element types. For example, you will not want all the paragraphs on a page to have the same size and position, or you couldn’t see them all. Absolute positioning works on only one element at a time.However, you can build a layout with absolute positioning and some flexibility.
In general, browsers display links as blue underlined text. Originally, this default behavior minimized the confusion between content on the page and an interactive link. Today, almost every website styles links in its own way. Some websites don’t underline links; others retain the underlining but style links in colors other than blue; and so on.
Unstructured data files consist of a series of bits. The file doesn’t separate the bits from each other in any way. You can’t simply look into the file and see any structure because there isn’t any to see. Unstructured file formats rely on the file user to know how to interpret the data.For example, each pixel of a picture file could consist of three 32-bit fields.
When styling specific elements with CSS, it is helpful to visualize the HTML code as a family tree with parents, children, and siblings. In the following code example, the tree starts with the html element, which has two children head and body. The head has a child element called title. The body has h1, ul, and p elements as children.
Coding
To fully document your MatPlotLib graph, you usually have to resort to labels, annotations, and legends. Each of these elements has a different purpose, as follows:
Label: Provides positive identification of a particular data element or grouping. The purpose is to make it easy for the viewer to know the name or kind of data illustrated.
Coding
You have a few alternatives to cross-validation in machine learning, all of which are derived from statistics. The first one to consider — but only if you have an in-sample made of few examples — is the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). It is analogous to k-folds cross-validation, with the only difference being that k, the number of folds, is exactly n, the number of examples.
When you use absolute positioning, you can determine exactly where things are placed, so it’s possible for them to overlap. By default, elements described later in HTML are positioned on top of elements described earlier.
Handling depth in CSS
You can use a special CSS attribute called z-index to change this default behavior.
Coding
You can easily compare examples from your data using calculations if you think of each of them as a vector. The following information describes how to measure similarity between vectors to perform tasks such as computing the distance between vectors for learning purposes.
Understanding similarity
In a vector form, you can see each variable in your examples as a series of coordinates, with each one pointing to a position in a different space dimension.
Coding
As human beings, understanding language is one of our first achievements, and associating words to their meaning seems natural. It’s also automatic to handle discourses that are ambiguous, unclear, or simply have a strong reference to the context of where we live or work (such as dialect, jargon, or terms family or associates understand).
You've filtered coding job postings, networked with dozens of people, created a great portfolio site, and finally landed one or more interviews. Use these tips to maximize the chances of turning the interview into an offer for employment:
Prepare diligently: Review the company's website, blog posts, news releases, tweets, and any other social media to learn more about the company's culture, technologies, and past clients.
Coding
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are the most common front-end coding languages. Following is a list of some online resources, references, and tutorials to help you continue practicing all three languages.
W3Schools: Reference guides for HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
HTML cheat sheet: Most commonly used HTML commands
Once you know what your app will do, you can focus on how your app will do it. After breaking down your app into steps, you go over each step to determine how to accomplish it. For more complicated apps, developers first decide which of these two methods is the best way to complete each step:
Building code from scratch: This is the best option if the functionality in a particular step is unique or strategically important, an area of strength for the app, and existing solutions are expensive or nonexistent.
Coding
No matter if the machine learning problem is to guess a number or a class, the idea behind the learning strategy of the k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) algorithm is always the same. The algorithm finds the most similar observations to the one you have to predict and from which you derive a good intuition of the possible answer by averaging the neighboring values, or by picking the most frequent answer class among them.
Coding
Given the neural network architecture, you can imagine how easily the algorithm could learn almost anything from data, especially if you added too many layers. In fact, the algorithm does so well that its predictions are often affected by a high estimate variance called overfitting. Overfitting causes the neural network to learn every detail of the training examples, which makes it possible to replicate them in the prediction phase.
Coding
As a busy professional with a full work schedule, you need a tangible project to work toward to keep you motivated while you find out how to code. Think of all the tasks you perform during the week — how many could be automated if you had the right tools and skills?The following sample tasks can be done more efficiently with some coding and could help you think of a goal of your own:
Spreadsheet consolidation: You have 15 team members who submit timesheets to you using spreadsheets, and you create a consolidated weekly report by manually cutting and pasting entries from each spreadsheet.
Rating data has its limitations in machine learning. For recommender systems to work well, they need to know about you as well as other people, both like you and different from you. Acquiring rating data allows a recommender system to learn from the experiences of multiple customers. Rating data could derive from a judgment (such as rating a product using stars or numbers) or a fact (a binary 1/0 that simply states that you bought the product, saw a movie, or stopped browsing at a certain web page).
You will be able to code and complete some small apps by yourself, but the apps you build at work or use every day, like Google Maps or Instagram, are created by teams of people. Teams for a single product can vary in size, reaching to upward of 50 people, and each person plays a specific role across areas like design, development, product management, and testing.
Coding
With your research finished, it’s time to find the best solution. If multiple solutions exist for each step, you now need to choose one. To help you choose, weigh each of your multiple solutions across a variety of factors, such as these:
Functionality: Will the code you write or the prebuilt solution you found do everything you need?
When coding your app, you will almost inevitably write code that does not behave as you intended. HTML and CSS are relatively forgiving, with the browser even going so far as to insert tags so the page renders properly. However, JavaScript isn’t so forgiving, and the smallest error, such as a missing quotation mark, can cause the page to not render properly.
Coding
One way of styling specific elements in CSS is to name your HTML elements. You name your code by using either the id or class attribute, and then style your code by referring to the id or class selector.
Naming your code using the id attribute
Use the id attribute to style one specific element on your web page.
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