{"appState":{"pageLoadApiCallsStatus":true},"categoryState":{"relatedCategories":{"headers":{"timestamp":"2025-04-17T16:01:08+00:00"},"categoryId":33730,"data":{"title":"Music","slug":"music","image":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Music","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33730"},"slug":"music","categoryId":33730}],"parentCategory":{"categoryId":33662,"title":"Academics & The Arts","slug":"academics-the-arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"}},"childCategories":[{"categoryId":33731,"title":"Instruments","slug":"instruments","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33731"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":1216,"bookCount":29},{"categoryId":33742,"title":"Music Composition","slug":"music-composition","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33742"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":27,"bookCount":2},{"categoryId":33743,"title":"Music Theory","slug":"music-theory","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33743"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":57,"bookCount":1},{"categoryId":33745,"title":"Voice","slug":"voice","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33745"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":240,"bookCount":2},{"categoryId":33746,"title":"General Music","slug":"general-music","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33746"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":116,"bookCount":4}],"description":"Let's make beautiful music together. Learn to vocalize, learn to strum, or just deepen your understanding of the melodies that make your heart sing.","relatedArticles":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles?category=33730&offset=0&size=5"},"hasArticle":true,"hasBook":true,"articleCount":1657,"bookCount":38},"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33730"}},"relatedCategoriesLoadedStatus":"success"},"listState":{"list":{"count":10,"total":1662,"items":[{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:49:27+00:00","modifiedTime":"2025-02-27T16:07:37+00:00","timestamp":"2025-02-27T18:01:12+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Music","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33730"},"slug":"music","categoryId":33730},{"name":"Instruments","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33731"},"slug":"instruments","categoryId":33731},{"name":"Ukulele","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33740"},"slug":"ukulele","categoryId":33740}],"title":"Ukulele Exercises For Dummies Cheat Sheet (UK Edition)","strippedTitle":"ukulele exercises for dummies cheat sheet (uk edition)","slug":"ukulele-exercises-for-dummies-cheat-sheet-uk-edition","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Take your ukulele playing to the next level and develop your chord playing with the Ukulele Exercises For Dummies cheat sheet.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Practising with ukulele exercises helps you take your ukulele playing to the next level. Wherever you are in your ukulele playing career, the information in this Cheat Sheet helps you develop your chord playing still further.","description":"Practising with ukulele exercises helps you take your ukulele playing to the next level. Wherever you are in your ukulele playing career, the information in this Cheat Sheet helps you develop your chord playing still further.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9710,"name":"Brett McQueen","slug":"brett-mcqueen","description":" <p><b>Brett McQueen</b> is a musician, songwriter and the founder of ukuleletricks.com, one of the most popular ukulele sites in the world, where he provides audio, video, and written instructional material (along with personalised feedback) to freshly minted ukulele fans everywhere. Alistair Wood is the man (the myth and the legend) behind ukulelehunt.com and the author of <i>Ukulele For Dummies.</i></p>","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9710"}},{"authorId":9095,"name":"Alistair Wood","slug":"alistair-wood","description":" <p><b>Brett McQueen</b> is a musician, songwriter and the founder of ukuleletricks.com, one of the most popular ukulele sites in the world, where he provides audio, video, and written instructional material (along with personalised feedback) to freshly minted ukulele fans everywhere. Alistair Wood is the man (the myth and the legend) behind ukulelehunt.com and the author of <i>Ukulele For Dummies.</i></p>","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9095"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33740,"title":"Ukulele","slug":"ukulele","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33740"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":[{"articleId":192609,"title":"How to Pray the Rosary: A Comprehensive Guide","slug":"how-to-pray-the-rosary","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","religion-spirituality","christianity","catholicism"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/192609"}},{"articleId":208741,"title":"Kabbalah For Dummies Cheat 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Exercises","slug":"handling-moveable-scale-patterns-in-root-positions-in-ukulele-exercises","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","instruments","ukulele"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/165682"}},{"articleId":165714,"title":"Using Moveable Chord Positions in Ukulele Exercises","slug":"using-moveable-chord-positions-in-ukulele-exercises","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","instruments","ukulele"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/165714"}}],"content":[{"title":"Mastering the Most Common Ukulele Chords","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>To make the most of your ukulele exercises, you need to learn how to play the most common chords on the ukulele fretboard. These chord diagrams show you the 15 most common chords. In each case, the name of the chord is at the top of the diagrams below.</p>\n<div class=\"x2 x2-top\"></div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378543.image0.jpg\" alt=\"image0.jpg\" width=\"74\" height=\"173\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378544.image1.jpg\" alt=\"image1.jpg\" width=\"84\" height=\"191\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378545.image2.jpg\" alt=\"image2.jpg\" width=\"81\" height=\"173\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378546.image3.jpg\" alt=\"image3.jpg\" width=\"77\" height=\"178\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378547.image4.jpg\" alt=\"image4.jpg\" width=\"84\" height=\"156\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378548.image5.jpg\" alt=\"image5.jpg\" width=\"77\" height=\"175\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378549.image6.jpg\" alt=\"image6.jpg\" width=\"83\" height=\"170\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378550.image7.jpg\" alt=\"image7.jpg\" width=\"75\" height=\"174\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378551.image8.jpg\" alt=\"image8.jpg\" width=\"74\" height=\"171\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378552.image9.jpg\" alt=\"image9.jpg\" width=\"79\" height=\"174\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378553.image10.jpg\" alt=\"image10.jpg\" width=\"73\" height=\"169\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378554.image11.jpg\" alt=\"image11.jpg\" width=\"79\" height=\"179\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378555.image12.jpg\" alt=\"image12.jpg\" width=\"74\" height=\"170\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378556.image13.jpg\" alt=\"image13.jpg\" width=\"73\" height=\"173\" /><br />\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378557.image14.jpg\" alt=\"image14.jpg\" width=\"74\" height=\"175\" /></p>\n"},{"title":"Handling Moveable Scale Patterns in Root Positions in Ukulele Exercises","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>All of the scale diagrams which follow show moveable chord positions. They’re called this because they can be moved up and down the fretboard to create different kinds of scales in different kinds of keys. The black dots indicate where the root notes of the scale are located in the pattern. All of the scale diagrams are in root position; this means that the first and the last note of the pattern is the root note of the scale. Line up the black dots with different notes across the fretboard to create scales in different keys. The numbers in the captions show the scale formulas for each scale.</p>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 400px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378559.image0.jpg\" alt=\"Major scale 1-2-3-4-5-6-7\" width=\"400\" height=\"142\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Major scale 1-2-3-4-5-6-7</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 400px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378560.image1.jpg\" alt=\"Natural minor scale 1-2-b3-4-5-b6-b7\" width=\"400\" height=\"120\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Natural minor scale 1-2-b3-4-5-b6-b7</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 400px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378561.image2.jpg\" alt=\"Harmonic minor scale 1-2-b3-4-5-b6-7\" width=\"400\" height=\"120\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Harmonic minor scale 1-2-b3-4-5-b6-7</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 400px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378562.image3.jpg\" alt=\"Ascending melodic minor scale 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7\" width=\"400\" height=\"143\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Ascending melodic minor scale 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 400px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378563.image4.jpg\" alt=\"Descending melodic minor scale 1-2-b3-4-5-b6-b7\" width=\"400\" height=\"120\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Descending melodic minor scale 1-2-b3-4-5-b6-b7</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 400px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378564.image5.jpg\" alt=\"Minor pentatonic scale 1-b3-4-5-b7\" width=\"400\" height=\"142\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Minor pentatonic scale 1-b3-4-5-b7</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 400px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378565.image6.jpg\" alt=\"Major pentatonic scale 1-2-3-5-6\" width=\"400\" height=\"142\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Major pentatonic scale 1-2-3-5-6</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 400px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378566.image7.jpg\" alt=\"Blues scale 1-b3-4-b5-5-b7\" width=\"400\" height=\"142\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Blues scale 1-b3-4-b5-5-b7</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 400px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378567.image8.jpg\" alt=\"Dominant bebop scale 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7-7\" width=\"400\" height=\"142\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Dominant bebop scale 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7-7</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 400px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378568.image9.jpg\" alt=\"Major bebop scale 1-2-3-4-5-b6-6-7\" width=\"400\" height=\"120\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Major bebop scale 1-2-3-4-5-b6-6-7</div>\n</div>\n"},{"title":"Using Moveable Chord Positions in Ukulele Exercises","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Use these moveable chord positions in your ukulele exercises to create different kinds of chords in different kinds of keys across the ukulele fretboard. To do this, line up the root note of the chord (represented by a black dot) with any note.</p>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 97px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378570.image0.jpg\" alt=\"Major scale: root position\" width=\"97\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Major scale: root position</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 90px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378571.image1.jpg\" alt=\"Major scale: First inversion\" width=\"90\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Major scale: First inversion</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 87px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378572.image2.jpg\" alt=\"Major scale: Second inversion\" width=\"87\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Major scale: Second inversion</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 98px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378573.image3.jpg\" alt=\"Minor scale: Root position\" width=\"98\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Minor scale: Root position</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 87px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378574.image4.jpg\" alt=\"Minor scale: First inversion\" width=\"87\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Minor scale: First inversion</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 94px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378575.image5.jpg\" alt=\"Minor scale: Second inversion\" width=\"94\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Minor scale: Second inversion</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 99px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378576.image6.jpg\" alt=\"Dominant 7th scale: Position 1\" width=\"99\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Dominant 7th scale: Position 1</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 85px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378577.image7.jpg\" alt=\"Dominant 7th scale: Position 2\" width=\"85\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Dominant 7th scale: Position 2</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 83px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378578.image8.jpg\" alt=\"Dominant 7th scale: Position 3\" width=\"83\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Dominant 7th scale: Position 3</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 82px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378579.image9.jpg\" alt=\"Dominant 7th scale: Position 4\" width=\"82\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Dominant 7th scale: Position 4</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 96px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378580.image10.jpg\" alt=\"Major 7th scale: Position 1\" width=\"96\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Major 7th scale: Position 1</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 83px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378581.image11.jpg\" alt=\"Major 7th scale: Position 2\" width=\"83\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Major 7th scale: Position 2</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 95px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378582.image12.jpg\" alt=\"Major 7th scale: Position 3\" width=\"95\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Major 7th scale: Position 3</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 92px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378583.image13.jpg\" alt=\"Major 7th scale: Position 4\" width=\"92\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Major 7th scale: Position 4</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 92px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378584.image14.jpg\" alt=\"Minor 7th scale: Position 1\" width=\"92\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Minor 7th scale: Position 1</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 96px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378585.image15.jpg\" alt=\"Minor 7th scale: Position 2\" width=\"96\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Minor 7th scale: Position 2</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 83px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378586.image16.jpg\" alt=\"Minor 7th scale: Position 3\" width=\"83\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Minor 7th scale: Position 3</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"imageBlock\" style=\"width: 82px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/378587.image17.jpg\" alt=\"Minor 7th scale: Position 4\" width=\"82\" height=\"150\" /></p>\n<div class=\"imageCaption\">Minor 7th scale: Position 4</div>\n</div>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five 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Whether you’re sitting with a band and need to know what someone means when they say, “Take it up a fifth!” or you can’t remember the proper form for the <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/academics-the-arts/music/instruments/guitar/how-to-get-the-blues-sound-198169/\" rel=\"noopener\">8-bar blues</a>, this handy info is right at your fingertips on one convenient page.","description":"For quick reference, most of what you need to know about music composition is covered in this cheat sheet. 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The major keys are indicated with capital letters, and their relative minors are in lowercase. Also shown here are the number of sharps or flats that you put in the key signature for each key.</p>\n<div class=\"figure-container\"><figure id=\"attachment_277703\" aria-labelledby=\"figcaption_attachment_277703\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 410px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-277703\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/music-composition-circle-fifths.jpg\" alt=\"Circle of Fifths\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" /><figcaption id=\"figcaption_attachment_277703\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Circle of Fifths.</figcaption></figure></div><div class=\"clearfix\"></div>\n"},{"title":"Musical forms","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Here’s a handy guide to the different parts in different kinds of compositions. From one-part form to pop song structure, everything you need to build a song based on form is in this list:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>One part form:</strong> A, AA, AAA, and so on</li>\n<li><strong>Binary form:</strong> AB, AABB</li>\n<li><strong>Ternary/tertiary form:</strong> ABA, AABA</li>\n<li><strong>Arch form:</strong> ABCBA</li>\n<li><strong>Sonata:</strong> ABA</li>\n<li><strong>Rondo:</strong> ABACADA</li>\n<li><strong>8-bar blues:</strong> I, IV, I, VI, ii, V, I, V/I (turnaround)</li>\n<li><strong>2-bar blues: </strong>I, I, I, I, IV, IV, I, I, V, IV, I, V/I (turnaround)</li>\n<li><strong>16-bar blues:</strong> I, I, I, I, IV, IV, I, I, V, IV, V, IV, V, IV, I, V/I (turnaround)</li>\n<li><strong>24-bar blues:</strong> 8xI, 4xIV, Ix4, V, V, IV, IV, I, I, I, V/I (turnaround)</li>\n<li><strong>Verse-chorus form (pop music): </strong>Intro ABACBCB</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Building the seven Greek modes","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>There are seven main types of musical scales, also called <em>modes. </em>Each one consists of eight notes, combining whole and half steps in slightly different combinations to produce different feelings in the listener. Here are the steps in the seven modes:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ionian (the major scale):</strong> W(hole step), W, H(alf step), W, W, W, H</li>\n<li><strong>Dorian:</strong> W, H, W, W, W, H, W</li>\n<li><strong>Phrygian: </strong>H, W, W, W, H, W, W</li>\n<li><strong>Lydian: </strong>W, W, W, H, W, W, H</li>\n<li><strong>Mixolydian:</strong> W, W, H, W, W, H, W</li>\n<li><strong>Aeolian (the minor scale):</strong> W, H, W, W, H, W, W</li>\n<li><strong>Locrian: </strong>H, W, W, H, W, W, W</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Major chord progressions","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Some chords just sound right together, and some don’t. The following list shows you the tried-and-true sequences that always sound good when played together:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>I chords:</strong> Can appear anywhere in a progression</li>\n<li><strong>ii chords:</strong> Lead to I, V, or vii chords</li>\n<li><strong>iii chords:</strong> Lead to I, ii, IV, or vi chords</li>\n<li><strong>IV chords:</strong> Lead to I, ii, iii, V, or vii chords</li>\n<li><strong>V chords:</strong> Lead to I or vi chords</li>\n<li><strong>vi chords:</strong> Lead to I, ii, iii, IV, or V chords</li>\n<li><strong>vii chords: </strong>Lead to I or iii chords</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Minor chord progressions","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>If you want to create spooky or sad music, building a song on minor chord progressions is a great way to start. Minor chord progressions sound just a little bit off, or melancholy, to the ear. Here are the most natural-sounding minor chord progressions:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>i chords:</strong> Can appear anywhere in a progression</li>\n<li><strong>ii or ii chords:</strong> Lead to i, iii, V, v, vii, or VII chords</li>\n<li><strong>III or III+ chords:</strong> Lead to i, iv, IV, VI, #vi, vii, or VI chords</li>\n<li><strong>iv or IV chords:</strong> Lead to i, V, v, vii, or VII chords</li>\n<li><strong>V or v chords:</strong> Lead to i, VI, or #vi chords</li>\n<li><strong>VI or #v chords:</strong> Lead to i, III, III+, iv, IV, V, v, vii, or VII chords</li>\n<li><strong>vii or VII chords:</strong> Lead to i chord</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Rules of transposition","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Although most music composition software programs can transpose instrument voices for you, if you want to do some transposition on paper with a pencil, it can get confusing. Here are some easy ways to approach each kind of transposition:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>E-flat instruments:</strong> Find the relative minor, make it major, and then write in that key. Notes are, therefore, moved up a sixth, or down a minor third.</li>\n<li><strong>F instruments:</strong> Just add one sharp or subtract a flat from the key signature, and then write the music in the resulting key. Therefore, notation is moved up one perfect fifth from where originally written.</li>\n<li><strong>B-flat instruments:</strong> Move everything up one whole tone. 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DJs are on a mission to entertain and play great music. This Cheat Sheet gives you tips and information to help you DJ to the very best of your abilities.","description":"DJing is exciting, creative and fulfilling. DJs are on a mission to entertain and play great music. This Cheat Sheet gives you tips and information to help you DJ to the very best of your abilities.","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33746,"title":"General Music","slug":"general-music","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33746"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":[{"articleId":192609,"title":"How to Pray the Rosary: A Comprehensive Guide","slug":"how-to-pray-the-rosary","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","religion-spirituality","christianity","catholicism"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/192609"}},{"articleId":208741,"title":"Kabbalah For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"kabbalah-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","religion-spirituality","kabbalah"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/208741"}},{"articleId":230957,"title":"Nikon D3400 For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"nikon-d3400-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/230957"}},{"articleId":235851,"title":"Praying the Rosary and Meditating on the Mysteries","slug":"praying-rosary-meditating-mysteries","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","religion-spirituality","christianity","catholicism"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/235851"}},{"articleId":284787,"title":"What Your Society Says About You","slug":"what-your-society-says-about-you","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","humanities"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/284787"}}],"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":301734,"title":"Vinyl Record Collecting for Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"vinyl-record-collecting-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","general-music"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/301734"}},{"articleId":207498,"title":"Music Business For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"music-business-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","general-music"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207498"}},{"articleId":207495,"title":"Classical Music For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"classical-music-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","general-music"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207495"}},{"articleId":200516,"title":"Defining Jazz: The Swingin' Thing","slug":"defining-jazz-the-swingin-thing","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","general-music"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200516"}},{"articleId":200475,"title":"Discovering Jazz History","slug":"discovering-jazz-history","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","general-music"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200475"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;music&quot;,&quot;general-music&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-668da5168967d\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;music&quot;,&quot;general-music&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-668da5168bf21\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":192348,"title":"Items to Take when You’re DJing","slug":"items-to-take-when-youre-djing","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/192348"}},{"articleId":192344,"title":"How to Calculate a Tune's Beats Per Minute and Adjust Pitch","slug":"how-to-calculate-a-tunes-beats-per-minute-and-adjust-pitch","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/192344"}}],"content":[{"title":"Items to Take when You’re DJing","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>You want to travel light when you DJ, but you also don’t want to forget any vital items. Print out and pin this list to your door so you never forget the important stuff!</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Records/CDs/laptop/hard-drive.</b> Remember your music, and something to clean records or CDs with.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Headphones and slipmats.</b> Not all clubs have them. Remember the headphone adaptor too!</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Digital recorder/blank CD.</b> Try to record everything you do for reference.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Demo tapes/CDs/MiniDiscs.</b> You never know when the right person will ask you for a demo.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Tools.</b> A small screwdriver set and some duct-tape can save the night.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Pen and paper.</b> For requests, your drink orders, and giving out and taking phone numbers.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Something to drink (non-alcoholic).</b> An energy drink will keep you going through the night.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Something to eat.</b> You can devour jelly babies or an energy bar in between mixes.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Car and house keys.</b> Don’t laugh; you may have forgotten them before. Not fun.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Business cards.</b> Keep your business cards in your wallet so they’re on hand to give out to interested folks.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Chill compilation for the ride home.</b> To come down after the high of the best night of your life.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"How to Calculate a Tune's Beats Per Minute and Adjust Pitch","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Beats per minute (BPMs) are a way to describe how fast your records are. The name gives it away; the BPM is the number of beats that occur in one minute. Count how many beats play in 30 seconds. If you counted the first beat when you started your watch, subtract 1, then double the result. If you didn’t count that first beat, simply double the figure. That’s your BPM.</p>\n<p>When you try to beatmatch two different records, knowing the BPM of each tune helps you make an educated guess as to how much to adjust the pitch control (which is what you use to make your tunes’ bass beats play at the same speed).</p>\n<p>If you don’t want to guess, and want to figure the amount to change the pitch control more precisely, use the following formula to work out how much an adjustment on the pitch control will change the original BPM:</p>\n<blockquote><p>(Original BPM x pitch change) / 100 = BPM change</p></blockquote>\n<p>For example, 130 BPM tune with a 5 per cent pitch increase would be:</p>\n<blockquote><p>(130 x 5) / 100 = 6.5 BPM</p></blockquote>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Six months","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2024-07-09T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208989},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2024-03-26T15:13:59+00:00","modifiedTime":"2024-03-26T15:13:59+00:00","timestamp":"2024-03-26T18:01:09+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Music","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33730"},"slug":"music","categoryId":33730},{"name":"General Music","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33746"},"slug":"general-music","categoryId":33746}],"title":"Vinyl Record Collecting for Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"vinyl record collecting for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"vinyl-record-collecting-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Uncover the 10 rules of record collecting and the key developments in the history of vinyl with the Vinyl Record Collecting For Dummies Cheat Sheet.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Record collecting is easy. In fact, if you already own a few records, you already have a collection. But what you do need to know is how to care for it. This cheat sheet will help you keep your records in the very best shape.","description":"Record collecting is easy. In fact, if you already own a few records, you already have a collection. But what you do need to know is how to care for it. This cheat sheet will help you keep your records in the very best shape.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":35387,"name":"Dave Thompson","slug":"dave-thompson","description":" <p> <b>Dave Thompson</b> has been writing about record collecting for 40 years, primarily for <i>Goldmine </i>magazine and the UK magazine <i>Record Collector</i>. He is the author of <i>The Ultimate Guide to Vinyl and More </i>and <i>Goldmine’s Essential Guide to Record Collecting</i>. He is also the author of over 150 books on music and pop culture. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35387"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33746,"title":"General Music","slug":"general-music","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33746"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33810,"title":"Antiques & Collectibles","slug":"antiques-collectibles","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33810"}},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":[{"articleId":192609,"title":"How to Pray the Rosary: A Comprehensive Guide","slug":"how-to-pray-the-rosary","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","religion-spirituality","christianity","catholicism"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/192609"}},{"articleId":208741,"title":"Kabbalah For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"kabbalah-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","religion-spirituality","kabbalah"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/208741"}},{"articleId":230957,"title":"Nikon D3400 For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"nikon-d3400-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/230957"}},{"articleId":235851,"title":"Praying the Rosary and Meditating on the Mysteries","slug":"praying-rosary-meditating-mysteries","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","religion-spirituality","christianity","catholicism"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/235851"}},{"articleId":284787,"title":"What Your Society Says About You","slug":"what-your-society-says-about-you","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","humanities"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/284787"}}],"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":207498,"title":"Music Business For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"music-business-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","general-music"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207498"}},{"articleId":207495,"title":"Classical Music For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"classical-music-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","general-music"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207495"}},{"articleId":200516,"title":"Defining Jazz: The Swingin' Thing","slug":"defining-jazz-the-swingin-thing","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","general-music"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200516"}},{"articleId":200475,"title":"Discovering Jazz History","slug":"discovering-jazz-history","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","general-music"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200475"}},{"articleId":200403,"title":"Examining Rap's Origins","slug":"examining-raps-origins","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","general-music"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200403"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":301682,"slug":"vinyl-record-collecting-for-dummies","isbn":"9781394226641","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","music","general-music"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1394226640/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1394226640/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1394226640-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1394226640/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1394226640/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/vinyl-record-collecting-for-dummies-cover-9781394226641-166x255.jpg","width":166,"height":255},"title":"Vinyl Record Collecting For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"<p><p> <b><b data-author-id=\"35387\">Dave Thompson</b></b> has been writing about record collecting for 40 years, primarily for <i>Goldmine </i>magazine and the UK magazine <i>Record Collector</i>. He is the author of <i>The Ultimate Guide to Vinyl and More </i>and <i>Goldmine’s Essential Guide to Record Collecting</i>. He is also the author of over 150 books on music and pop culture.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":35387,"name":"Dave Thompson","slug":"dave-thompson","description":" <p> <b>Dave Thompson</b> has been writing about record collecting for 40 years, primarily for <i>Goldmine </i>magazine and the UK magazine <i>Record Collector</i>. He is the author of <i>The Ultimate Guide to Vinyl and More </i>and <i>Goldmine’s Essential Guide to Record Collecting</i>. He is also the author of over 150 books on music and pop culture. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/35387"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;music&quot;,&quot;general-music&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781394226641&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-66030d659b72d\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;academics-the-arts&quot;,&quot;music&quot;,&quot;general-music&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781394226641&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-66030d659d682\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":0,"title":"","slug":null,"categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/"}}],"content":[{"title":"The ten cardinal rules of record collecting","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>In no particular order, beyond a reproachful look at anyone who is, or has been, guilty of one or more of these things, and whose records still bear the scars. Whatever happened, that is the most is the most important rule of all.</p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Do not expose records to heat.</strong></p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Any heat. Not even for a moment: “Oh, I’ll just prop this up against the radiator while I look for something else to play.”</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Do not leave them lying in the sun — heck, don’t leave them standing in the sun, either. Wherever you decide to store your collection, be very certain that it is forever in the shade.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Don’t leave records in the car on a hot day, and don’t pay any attention to the scientific fact that vinyl doesn’t start warping until it reaches 140 degrees. It’s true. But even less than that can set the process rolling.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Do not wipe a record clean with your favorite t-shirt.</strong></p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">It doesn’t matter how fresh someone’s laundry, how clean their t-shirt, how luxuriously soft their socks might be. Unless they routinely wear an outfit made from microfibers, preferably impregnated with an anti-static fluid, clothing (or anything else) should not be allowed anywhere close to an unsleeved record.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Do not drop records on the floor. (or anywhere else, for that matter).</strong></p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">It’s like the line from old Superman comics. “Superman can bounce. Records can’t.” Or, in more technical terms, “CDs are indestructible (allegedly). Vinyl is not.”</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Records might be shaped a bit like a frisbee, but they cannot fly.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">They might be round, but they cannot be used as a drinks tray.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">They should not be used to swat insects, to push thumbtacks into the wall, or as fans on hot days.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">In many ways, a record is like a newborn baby, except it never stops needing to be treated like one.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Do not handle records by anything but the edge.</strong></p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Fingers are as bad as clothing when it comes to harming the playing surface of a record. Worse, in fact. At least clothing can be dry. Fingers, though, are positively torrid with sweat and goo and microscopic flakes that are irresistibly attracted to those the deep dark valleys that are grooved across a record. And once they get in there . . . eww. You don’t want to know.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Do not wash records with soap and water.</strong></p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Yes, cleaning fluid costs money that could be better spent on buying more records. But it is also deliberately formulated for the purpose. Even those cleaning machines whose contents are primarily H<sub>2</sub>O with just a couple of drops of proprietary cleanser demand distilled water, which the cleaner then treats even further. Whereas the stuff that comes out of the tap . . .who knows what’s in there?</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Well, according to the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service, there’s sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc, and that’s only the stuff that’s meant to be in there.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Fish go to the bathroom in water.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">None of this should be poured over vinyl, and when you add whatever ingredients go into the average bottle of dish soap . . . that might leave the dishes sparkling, but vinyl’s more likely to dry with a sticky, icky sheen.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Do not blow dust, hair, and so on off a record.</strong></p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Although probably everybody does it. Just think, though, about all the microscopic whatevers that can, or will, be exhaled with that cleansing puff, from saliva to tiny fragments of food. Does anyone really want their breakfast splashed all over their record collection?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Do not play records with an old needle.</strong></p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">It should be clear by now that the only objects that should come into contact with the playing surface of a record are a) the turntable mat on the underside, and b) the stylus on the other. Remember, however, that even the most expensive styli have a recommended lifetime, usually measured in the number of hours playing time they deliver.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Few people faithfully log the duration of every record they play, every time they play it, but it’s reasonably easy to guesstimate how close a stylus is to the end — if its lifetime is 200 hours, and the average album is forty minutes long, then that’s 300 albums, give or take.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Someone plays three or four albums a night, three or four times a week — let’s say 40 albums a month. Lowball the total and round things up. Then get a new stylus. And do remember to clean it with a reputable stylus brush after every play.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Do not leave the dustcover off the turntable, whether it</strong><strong>’s in use or not.</strong></p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">They’re called “dustcovers” for a reason. Because, if they’re not used, everything will be covered in dust — plus hairs, flakes, tiny insects, and whatever else is floating through the air at any given time, in search of a suitable place to land.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">That alone is a good reason to keep one on at all times — it’s a lot easier to take a duster to a flat plastic shell than it is to get into all the tiny, fiddly crevices that make up the top of the average turntable.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">But dustcovers do more than deter dust. Think of the havoc certain pets could wreak on an unguarded turntable. Or worse, on a revolving record. Or an ornament, vibrated from its shelf because, for example, someone is playing their Def Leppard album very loudly indeed.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Or any of the myriad other calamities that one can imagine befalling a delicate piece of precision engineering in the event of someone accidentally bumping into the furniture.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">That’s what the dustcover is for.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Do not stack your records on top of one another.</strong></p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Well, not unless there is a very good reason for wanting the vinyl to warp, the covers to wear, and the spines to collapse. If there is, they should be piled as high as possible.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Do not leave records out of their sleeves unless they are actually being played.</strong></p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">In the same way that an uncovered turntable is a recipe for trouble, so an unsleeved record is effectively walking onto the set of a disaster movie and announcing, “Do your worst.”</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Drinks spill, food falls, cats scratch, dogs chew, people stumble, elbows fly. . . . Correctly sleeved, a record at least stands a chance of surviving some of these. Correctly shelved, the odds in favor are even higher. But propped against the wall, as naked as the day it was pressed . . . the poor thing doesn’t stand a chance.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">And finally, do not . . .</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">. . . allow any of this to put you off. Just go have fun.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n"},{"title":"The vinyl timeline","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Knowing a little about our hobby’s past is a great way to understand its present, and maybe predict its future. Here are some of the key developments in the history of recorded sound, and the kind of records (and other things) that you can expect to find.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1860</td>\n<td>Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville successfully captures the first ever intelligible recording of the human voice on his Phonautogram device.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1889</td>\n<td>The first wax cylinders enter production.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Early 1890s</td>\n<td>Emile Berliner experiments with the “gramophone plate” — the first flat record — using a variety of different materials.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1894</td>\n<td>Berliner settles on shellac as the most reliable format for his plates. The same material will remain in use for the next 50 years.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1912</td>\n<td>Thomas Edison introduces the Edison Diamond Disc, a “hi-fi” rival to shellac. He abandons it in 1929.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1930s</td>\n<td>RCA and Columbia begin developing the “long-playing disc.”</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1941</td>\n<td>Big Joe Clauberg opens the Jazz Record Center in New York, probably the first store ever to cater exclusively to record collectors.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1941‒1945</td>\n<td>World War II forces record companies to look for alternatives to shellac. They settle upon vinyl.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1948</td>\n<td>RCA launch the 45 rpm 7-inch single, and Columbia introduces the 33 rpm 12-inch-long player.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1955</td>\n<td>The rock’n’roll boom begins, largely fueled by the popularity of singles.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1965</td>\n<td>8-track cartridges are launched in the US.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1966</td>\n<td>Bob Dylan releases the first rock double album, <em>Blonde on Blonde</em>. The first cassettes appear on the market, among them Nina Simone’s <em>Wild Is the Wind</em>.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mid-1970s</td>\n<td>Vinyl sales approach an unsurpassed 350 million copies a year in the United States.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1976</td>\n<td>The first 12-inch single is commercially released, Double Exposure’s “Ten Percent.”</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1980</td>\n<td>Bow Wow Wow’s “C30 C60 C90 Go” becomes the first cassette single to be released worldwide.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1982</td>\n<td>Having spent years in development, the first compact disc (CD) goes in sale in Japan. It is Billy Joel’s <em>52nd Street</em> album.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1988</td>\n<td>Fleetwood Mac’s <em>Greatest Hits</em> becomes the last 8-track to be commercially released in the US.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1989</td>\n<td>CDs are now the dominant medium. American record companies begin seriously scaling back on vinyl releases.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mid-1990s</td>\n<td>Vinyl held out a little longer in Europe, but there, too, it is now a dying breed.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2000s</td>\n<td>Vinyl sales hit at an all-time low. Some people call it “the point of no return.” Some people are wrong.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2008</td>\n<td>The first Record Store Day — the vinyl revival starts here.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2022</td>\n<td>Vinyl sales hit 41.3 million in the US, the 16th consecutive year of growth.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2024-03-26T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":301734},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T09:58:40+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-10-27T19:55:55+00:00","timestamp":"2023-10-27T21:01:15+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Music","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33730"},"slug":"music","categoryId":33730},{"name":"Instruments","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33731"},"slug":"instruments","categoryId":33731},{"name":"Piano","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33738"},"slug":"piano","categoryId":33738}],"title":"Great Intros for the Piano or Keyboard","strippedTitle":"great intros for the piano or keyboard","slug":"great-intros-for-the-piano-or-keyboard","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Here are several piano introductions you can use with your songs to spice up the beginning and get your audience's attention.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"When the singer needs a good intro, who’s going to play it? The drummer? Probably not. You are. A piano or keyboard intro is a great addition to a song. And it can’t be any old intro — it’s gotta be good. The audience has a tendency to talk between songs, so it’s your job to shut ’em up and announce the start of the new song.","description":"When the singer needs a good intro, who’s going to play it? The drummer? Probably not. You are. A piano or keyboard intro is a great addition to a song. And it can’t be any old intro — it’s gotta be good. 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intro</a>","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426061.image0.jpg","width":535,"height":162},"content":"<p>This intro is bound to grab the audience’s attention. It has been used in just about every style of music, from vaudeville to ragtime to Broadway. Hear it once and you’ll never forget it. Play it and you’ll be hooked. Just keep repeating the measures between the repeat signs, or <i>vamp,</i> until you’re ready to start the melody.</p>\n"},{"title":"<a href=\"https://dummies-wp-admin.dummies.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-821330.html\">The “Rockin’ Jam” intro</a>","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426062.image1.jpg","width":535,"height":370},"content":"<p>You can knock some socks off with a rock and roll intro like this one. The triplets are tricky, but you can play this one fast or slow. A slower-tempo version works well with a blues song, and a fast version is good for … well, a fast rockin’ song. This intro also contains grace notes.</p>\n"},{"title":"<a href=\"https://dummies-wp-admin.dummies.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-821331.html\">The “Sweet Ballad” intro</a>","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426063.image2.jpg","width":535,"height":339},"content":"<p>When a slow ballad is next on the set list, this intro works well. The left-hand part sets up a root-fifth-octave pattern. The right-hand part makes use of parallel sixths, moving sweetly down the scale.</p>\n"},{"title":"<a href=\"https://dummies-wp-admin.dummies.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-821332.html\">The “Killing Time” intro</a>","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426064.image3.jpg","width":535,"height":161},"content":"<p>Sometimes you need to repeat an intro over and over. Perhaps you’ve forgotten the melody. Perhaps you’re waiting for divine inspiration. Or maybe you’re waiting for the singer to decide to join you. Whatever the case, you can easily repeat an intro like this one until the time comes to move on.</p>\n<p>Simply play the first four measures over and over until you’re finally ready. You’re simply vamping on a G7 chord, which leads you (and the preoccupied singer) into the key of C when you’re both ready.</p>\n"},{"title":"<a href=\"https://dummies-wp-admin.dummies.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-821333.html\">The “Saloon Salutations” intro</a>","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426065.image4.jpg","width":535,"height":348},"content":"<p>When you’re just tinkering around in a piano lounge, perhaps all you need is a few bars of honky-tonk style piano. Notice how effective the grace notes (measure 1) and tremolos (measure 2) are in this intro.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-10-27T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":203700},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T09:58:47+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-10-27T19:44:06+00:00","timestamp":"2023-10-27T21:01:15+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Music","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33730"},"slug":"music","categoryId":33730},{"name":"Instruments","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33731"},"slug":"instruments","categoryId":33731},{"name":"Piano","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33738"},"slug":"piano","categoryId":33738}],"title":"Great Finales for the Piano or Keyboard","strippedTitle":"great finales for the piano or keyboard","slug":"great-finales-for-the-piano-or-keyboard","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Try out these fantastic finales on the piano for different effects to wrap up a song. These finales are suited for a variety of songs.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"The band is building up to the final chord, and it’s time for the big finish. Why not add a little piano or keyboard as a finale? The singer belts the last lyric, and it’s up to you to drop the curtain. Quick! Grab a handful of these finales and you’re sure to receive an encore request.","description":"The band is building up to the final chord, and it’s time for the big finish. Why not add a little piano or keyboard as a finale? The singer belts the last lyric, and it’s up to you to drop the curtain. Quick! Grab a handful of these finales and you’re sure to receive an encore request.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9256,"name":"Holly Day","slug":"holly-day","description":"<strong>Holly Day's</strong> work has appeared in <i>Guitar One Magazine, Music Alive!, culturefront Magazine,</i> and Brutarian Magazine.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9256"}},{"authorId":9436,"name":"Jerry Kovarksy","slug":"jerry-kovarksy","description":"","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9436"}},{"authorId":9437,"name":"Blake Neely","slug":"blake-neely","description":"<b>Blake Neely</b> was a contributing author to the 2<sup>nd</sup> edition of <i>Piano For Dummies</i>.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9437"}},{"authorId":9438,"name":"David Pearl","slug":"david-pearl","description":"<strong>David Pearl</strong> is author of <i>Piano Exercises For 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You certainly wouldn’t want to use this as an end to a rocking song like “Burning Down the House,” but it fits nicely with any major-key ballad.</p>\n"},{"title":"<a href=\"https://dummies-wp-admin.dummies.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-821335.html\">The “Let’s Load Up the Bus” finale</a>","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426074.image1.jpg","width":535,"height":165},"content":"<p>After a classic rock jam, something like this finale finishes the song with the appropriate amount of flair. The triplets take you down the C blues scale. They should be played as smoothly as possible, so feel free to slow down the tempo until you conquer the correct fingering. And make sure to really punch that last chord!</p>\n"},{"title":"<a href=\"https://dummies-wp-admin.dummies.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-821336.html\">The “Last Call” finale</a>","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426075.image2.jpg","width":535,"height":176},"content":"<p>The triplets in this finale give this closer a distinctive feel that works best with a blues or jazz piece. It has the sound of winding down to a halt.</p>\n<p>In this finale, you play the notes of chords C, C diminished, Dm7, and C again. You can easily transpose and attach this finale to a song in any key by applying the correct chord types and breaking them up. For example, in the key of G, the chords are G, G diminished, Am7, and G.</p>\n"},{"title":"<a href=\"https://dummies-wp-admin.dummies.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-821337.html\">The “Shave and a Haircut” finale</a>","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426076.image3.jpg","width":535,"height":148},"content":"<p>Everyone knows it. Everyone loves it. Very few know how to notate it. Check out this all-time classic in all its glory. You can play this finale with unison octaves, so the name of each scale note is placed in the middle of the grand staff. With this information, you can buy a shave and a haircut in the key of your choice.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-10-27T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":203701},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T09:59:25+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-10-27T19:39:04+00:00","timestamp":"2023-10-27T21:01:15+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Music","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33730"},"slug":"music","categoryId":33730},{"name":"Instruments","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33731"},"slug":"instruments","categoryId":33731},{"name":"Piano","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33738"},"slug":"piano","categoryId":33738}],"title":"Jump Exercises for the Piano or Keyboard","strippedTitle":"jump exercises for the piano or keyboard","slug":"jump-exercises-for-the-piano-or-keyboard","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Maintain a comfortable, balanced hand position as you make jumps on the piano keyboard, whether it's a small or big jump.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"The key to making good, accurate jumps on the piano or keyboard is the same whether the jump is big or small: Maintain a comfortable, balanced hand position as you jump from the starting hand position across the keyboard to your landing destination. Jumping with an overextended pinky and your hand outstretched like the descent of a giant hawk upon its prey is very common.\r\n\r\nInstead, the image you want to keep in mind is of a frog jumping from lily pad to lily pad. A frog starts and lands with its body centered over the lily pad, contracting to the same closed, restful shape. Your hands are frogs. As they jump from one position to another, they should look the same before and after the jump. You can practice this skill with every exercise.","description":"The key to making good, accurate jumps on the piano or keyboard is the same whether the jump is big or small: Maintain a comfortable, balanced hand position as you jump from the starting hand position across the keyboard to your landing destination. Jumping with an overextended pinky and your hand outstretched like the descent of a giant hawk upon its prey is very common.\r\n\r\nInstead, the image you want to keep in mind is of a frog jumping from lily pad to lily pad. A frog starts and lands with its body centered over the lily pad, contracting to the same closed, restful shape. Your hands are frogs. As they jump from one position to another, they should look the same before and after the jump. You can practice this skill with every exercise.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9256,"name":"Holly Day","slug":"holly-day","description":"<strong>Holly Day's</strong> work has appeared in <i>Guitar One Magazine, Music Alive!, culturefront Magazine,</i> and Brutarian Magazine.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9256"}},{"authorId":9436,"name":"Jerry Kovarksy","slug":"jerry-kovarksy","description":"","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9436"}},{"authorId":9437,"name":"Blake Neely","slug":"blake-neely","description":"<b>Blake Neely</b> was a contributing author to the 2<sup>nd</sup> edition of <i>Piano For Dummies</i>.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9437"}},{"authorId":9438,"name":"David Pearl","slug":"david-pearl","description":"<strong>David Pearl</strong> is author of <i>Piano Exercises For 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& Keyboard All-in-One For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"<p><strong><b data-author-id=\"9256\">Holly Day</b>'s</strong> work has appeared in <i>Guitar One Magazine, Music Alive!, culturefront Magazine,</i> and Brutarian Magazine. <p><b><b data-author-id=\"9448\">Jerry Kovarsky</b></b> is a regular columnist for <i>Keyboard </i>magazine and longtime product management guru with Casio, Korg, and other companies who have been instrumental in bringing keyboard technology into people's homes and onto stages and studios around the world.</p> <b><b data-author-id=\"9437\">Blake Neely</b></b> was a contributing author to the 2<sup>nd</sup> edition of <i>Piano For Dummies</i>. <strong><b data-author-id=\"9438\">David Pearl</b></strong> is author of <i>Piano Exercises For Dummies</i>. <b><b data-author-id=\"9255\">Michael Pilhofer</b>, </b>holds a Master's in Music Education with a Jazz Emphasis from the Eastman School of Music, and a Bachelor of 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& Keyboard All-in-One For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"<p><strong><b data-author-id=\"9256\">Holly Day</b>'s</strong> work has appeared in <i>Guitar One Magazine, Music Alive!, culturefront Magazine,</i> and Brutarian Magazine. <p><b><b data-author-id=\"9448\">Jerry Kovarsky</b></b> is a regular columnist for <i>Keyboard </i>magazine and longtime product management guru with Casio, Korg, and other companies who have been instrumental in bringing keyboard technology into people's homes and onto stages and studios around the world.</p> <b><b data-author-id=\"9437\">Blake Neely</b></b> was a contributing author to the 2<sup>nd</sup> edition of <i>Piano For Dummies</i>. <strong><b data-author-id=\"9438\">David Pearl</b></strong> is author of <i>Piano Exercises For Dummies</i>. <b><b data-author-id=\"9255\">Michael Pilhofer</b>, </b>holds a Master's in Music Education with a Jazz Emphasis from the Eastman School of Music, and a Bachelor of Music degree in Jazz Performance from the University of Miami.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9256,"name":"Holly Day","slug":"holly-day","description":"<strong>Holly Day's</strong> work has appeared in <i>Guitar One Magazine, Music Alive!, culturefront Magazine,</i> and Brutarian Magazine.","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9256"}},{"authorId":9448,"name":"Jerry Kovarsky","slug":"jerry-kovarsky","description":" <p><b>Jerry Kovarsky</b> is a regular columnist for <i>Keyboard </i>magazine and longtime product management guru with Casio, Korg, and other companies who have been instrumental in bringing keyboard technology into people's homes and onto stages and studios around the world.</p>","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9448"}},{"authorId":9437,"name":"Blake Neely","slug":"blake-neely","description":"<b>Blake Neely</b> was a contributing author to the 2<sup>nd</sup> edition of 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exercise","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426155.image0.jpg","width":387,"height":400},"content":"<p>The <a href=\"https://dummies-wp-admin.dummies.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-821369.html\">Alberti bass</a> is common in classical-style accompaniments. The pattern is a simple re-ordering of the chord notes in an arpeggio.</p>\n"},{"title":"Guitar-style broken chord exercise","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426156.image1.jpg","width":390,"height":400},"content":"<p>Playing guitar-style arpeggio patterns often involves spreading the chord out over both hands. The next song is an arrangement of the classic <a href=\"https://dummies-wp-admin.dummies.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-821370.html\">“Careless Love,”</a> with the right hand playing the melody and completing the arpeggio pattern started in the left.</p>\n"},{"title":"Blues-style broken chord exercise","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426157.image2.jpg","width":384,"height":400},"content":"<p>Although you’ll easily recognize the blues pattern in this piece, it’s fun to realize it’s simply an arpeggio set in a triplet rhythm. Try the pattern with the melody to W.C. Handy’s “St. Louis Blues.”</p>\n"},{"title":"Octave, extended broken chord exercise","thumb":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/426158.image3.jpg","width":373,"height":400},"content":"<p>For a big, full piano sound, extend the arpeggio up to the octave and beyond. This extended pattern is a great exercise for the left hand. Keep the arpeggio smooth during “House of the Rising Sun.” Alternate fingerings are in parentheses.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-10-27T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":203702},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T10:47:10+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-10-26T20:58:19+00:00","timestamp":"2023-10-26T21:01:10+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Music","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33730"},"slug":"music","categoryId":33730},{"name":"Instruments","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33731"},"slug":"instruments","categoryId":33731},{"name":"Piano","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33738"},"slug":"piano","categoryId":33738}],"title":"Left Hand Scales on the Piano","strippedTitle":"left hand scales on the piano","slug":"left-hand-scales-on-the-piano","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"As with the right hand, when you're playing left-hand scales, remember to use the correct fingering to obtain a quick, comfortable technique.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"It’s important not to neglect the left hand while learning the piano. They may not be the most exciting things to play, but by working on left-hand scales you unwittingly master the following music essentials:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Reading the bass clef</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Playing with the correct fingering</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Using nifty patterns and harmonies</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Realizing how much you miss playing with the right hand</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nStart with some major and minor scales by reading and playing the following scales left-handed. As with right-handed playing, remember to use the correct fingerings as indicated by the numbers above each note. How and when you cross your fingers is very important for obtaining a smooth sound and comfortable left-hand technique.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >C, G, and F major</h2>\r\nHere are three major scales for the left hand. You can use the same fingering, both up and down the scale, for all of these. Applying the major scale pattern, you play a scale with no sharps or flats (C major scale), one sharp (G major scale), and one flat (F major scale).\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/446574.image0.jpg\" alt=\"image0.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"334\" />\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >A, E, and D natural minor</h2>\r\nYou use the same fingering pattern in the three natural minor scales as you do in the three major scales.\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/446575.image1.jpg\" alt=\"image1.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"334\" />\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >A harmonic and melodic minor</h2>\r\nThese scales offer a good opportunity to practice your crossovers and pass-unders in the left hand. The scale patterns change at the same point you shift your hand position. Listen for smooth transitions and an even touch throughout each scale.\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/446576.image2.jpg\" alt=\"image2.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"202\" />\r\n<p class=\"Tip\">If you’re unsure of how to play these, you can watch a bunch of <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/book-companion/piano-dummies-3rd-edition-resource-center-234527/#ch11\">left-hand scales being played in Chapter 11, Video Clip 2</a>.</p>","description":"It’s important not to neglect the left hand while learning the piano. They may not be the most exciting things to play, but by working on left-hand scales you unwittingly master the following music essentials:\r\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Reading the bass clef</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Playing with the correct fingering</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Using nifty patterns and harmonies</p>\r\n</li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"first-para\">Realizing how much you miss playing with the right hand</p>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nStart with some major and minor scales by reading and playing the following scales left-handed. As with right-handed playing, remember to use the correct fingerings as indicated by the numbers above each note. How and when you cross your fingers is very important for obtaining a smooth sound and comfortable left-hand technique.\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >C, G, and F major</h2>\r\nHere are three major scales for the left hand. You can use the same fingering, both up and down the scale, for all of these. Applying the major scale pattern, you play a scale with no sharps or flats (C major scale), one sharp (G major scale), and one flat (F major scale).\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/446574.image0.jpg\" alt=\"image0.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"334\" />\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >A, E, and D natural minor</h2>\r\nYou use the same fingering pattern in the three natural minor scales as you do in the three major scales.\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/446575.image1.jpg\" alt=\"image1.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"334\" />\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >A harmonic and melodic minor</h2>\r\nThese scales offer a good opportunity to practice your crossovers and pass-unders in the left hand. The scale patterns change at the same point you shift your hand position. Listen for smooth transitions and an even touch throughout each scale.\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/446576.image2.jpg\" alt=\"image2.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"202\" />\r\n<p class=\"Tip\">If you’re unsure of how to play these, you can watch a bunch of <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/book-companion/piano-dummies-3rd-edition-resource-center-234527/#ch11\">left-hand scales being played in Chapter 11, Video Clip 2</a>.</p>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9353,"name":"Hal Leonard Corp.","slug":"hal-leonard-corp","description":"","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9353"}},{"authorId":9354,"name":"Adam Perlmutter","slug":"adam-perlmutter","description":" <p><b>Hal Leonard Corporation,</b> headquartered in Milwaukee, WI, is the largest sheet music publisher in the world.</p> <p><b>Adam Perlmutter</b> is a freelance music writer, transcriber, and engraver. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9354"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33738,"title":"Piano","slug":"piano","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33738"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":[{"articleId":192609,"title":"How to Pray the Rosary: A Comprehensive Guide","slug":"how-to-pray-the-rosary","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","religion-spirituality","christianity","catholicism"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/192609"}},{"articleId":208741,"title":"Kabbalah For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"kabbalah-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","religion-spirituality","kabbalah"],"_links":{"self":"/articles/208741"}},{"articleId":230957,"title":"Nikon D3400 For Dummies Cheat 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Music Articles

Let's make beautiful music together. Learn to vocalize, learn to strum, or just deepen your understanding of the melodies that make your heart sing.

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1,662 results
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Ukulele Ukulele Exercises For Dummies Cheat Sheet (UK Edition)

Cheat Sheet / Updated 02-27-2025

Practising with ukulele exercises helps you take your ukulele playing to the next level. Wherever you are in your ukulele playing career, the information in this Cheat Sheet helps you develop your chord playing still further.

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Music Composition Music Composition For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 07-28-2024

For quick reference, most of what you need to know about music composition is covered in this cheat sheet. Whether you’re sitting with a band and need to know what someone means when they say, “Take it up a fifth!” or you can’t remember the proper form for the 8-bar blues, this handy info is right at your fingertips on one convenient page.

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General Music DJing For Dummies Cheat Sheet (UK Edition)

Cheat Sheet / Updated 07-09-2024

DJing is exciting, creative and fulfilling. DJs are on a mission to entertain and play great music. This Cheat Sheet gives you tips and information to help you DJ to the very best of your abilities.

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General Music Vinyl Record Collecting for Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 03-26-2024

Record collecting is easy. In fact, if you already own a few records, you already have a collection. But what you do need to know is how to care for it. This cheat sheet will help you keep your records in the very best shape.

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Piano Great Intros for the Piano or Keyboard

Step by Step / Updated 10-27-2023

When the singer needs a good intro, who’s going to play it? The drummer? Probably not. You are. A piano or keyboard intro is a great addition to a song. And it can’t be any old intro — it’s gotta be good. The audience has a tendency to talk between songs, so it’s your job to shut ’em up and announce the start of the new song.

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Piano Great Finales for the Piano or Keyboard

Step by Step / Updated 10-27-2023

The band is building up to the final chord, and it’s time for the big finish. Why not add a little piano or keyboard as a finale? The singer belts the last lyric, and it’s up to you to drop the curtain. Quick! Grab a handful of these finales and you’re sure to receive an encore request.

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Piano Jump Exercises for the Piano or Keyboard

Step by Step / Updated 10-27-2023

The key to making good, accurate jumps on the piano or keyboard is the same whether the jump is big or small: Maintain a comfortable, balanced hand position as you jump from the starting hand position across the keyboard to your landing destination. Jumping with an overextended pinky and your hand outstretched like the descent of a giant hawk upon its prey is very common. Instead, the image you want to keep in mind is of a frog jumping from lily pad to lily pad. A frog starts and lands with its body centered over the lily pad, contracting to the same closed, restful shape. Your hands are frogs. As they jump from one position to another, they should look the same before and after the jump. You can practice this skill with every exercise.

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Piano Pedal Exercises for the Piano or Keyboard

Step by Step / Updated 10-27-2023

You can use the pedal on the piano or keyboard to achieve different effects with your musical sound and add a whole new dimension to your playing. Give these exercises a try for some practice.

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Piano Broken Chord Exercises for the Piano or Keyboard

Step by Step / Updated 10-27-2023

To expand your piano expertise, you should try some broken chord exercises. Broken-chord patterns are common in accompaniment figures and can help make you a well-rounded player. Check out these four patterns found in a wide range of styles.

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Piano Left Hand Scales on the Piano

Article / Updated 10-26-2023

It’s important not to neglect the left hand while learning the piano. They may not be the most exciting things to play, but by working on left-hand scales you unwittingly master the following music essentials: Reading the bass clef Playing with the correct fingering Using nifty patterns and harmonies Realizing how much you miss playing with the right hand Start with some major and minor scales by reading and playing the following scales left-handed. As with right-handed playing, remember to use the correct fingerings as indicated by the numbers above each note. How and when you cross your fingers is very important for obtaining a smooth sound and comfortable left-hand technique. C, G, and F major Here are three major scales for the left hand. You can use the same fingering, both up and down the scale, for all of these. Applying the major scale pattern, you play a scale with no sharps or flats (C major scale), one sharp (G major scale), and one flat (F major scale). A, E, and D natural minor You use the same fingering pattern in the three natural minor scales as you do in the three major scales. A harmonic and melodic minor These scales offer a good opportunity to practice your crossovers and pass-unders in the left hand. The scale patterns change at the same point you shift your hand position. Listen for smooth transitions and an even touch throughout each scale. If you’re unsure of how to play these, you can watch a bunch of left-hand scales being played in Chapter 11, Video Clip 2.

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