Welcome to the world of Human Geography. It is a whole world that a shockingly large number of people do not even know exists. Human geography is an academic discipline regularly taught at the high school and university level that actually encompasses quite a few subdisciplines of geographic study. The traditional divisions of human geography study the following major fields.

The study of geography explains so much about our world, including Earth's physical features and atmosphere and humanity's impacts on the planet. You'll learn about how the continents came to be as they are today, the Earth's climate, the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and much more.This Cheat Sheet provides a handy list of terms you'll need to know as you study geography.

People are fascinated by the world in which they live. They want to know what it's like and why it is the way it is. Most importantly, they want to understand their place in it. Geography satisfies this curiosity and provides practical knowledge and skills that people find useful in their personal and professional lives.

It would be great if you could go deep into the Earth and see what's going on, but that's impossible — despite what Jules Verne wrote. The average distance from Earth's surface to the center is 3,960 miles, and no human has ever come close. Several books and movies have portrayed such fanciful feats, but the truth is that people have barely penetrated the crust.

In geography, the world as a whole possesses a grid whose coordinates may be used to identify the absolute location of things. Indeed, that is why a Greek named Hipparchus invented the global grid some 2,200 years ago. As chief librarian at the great library in Alexandria, Egypt, Hipparchus compiled information about lands and cities all over the expanding Greek world.

Language is arguably the most important of the cultural universals. This is not to question the significance of religion or other traits; but language is essential to communicating and sharing many aspects of culture. The standard first step in analyzing the geography of languages is to produce a map of them. For example, Figure 1 shows a map of where English is the primary language.