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Published:
January 24, 2012

Writing a Dissertation For Dummies

Overview

Producing a dissertation has become a major requirement of most university courses, both undergraduate and Masters. It's likely to be the largest single piece of work you'll have to submit - and also the hardest!

Writing a Dissertation For Dummies walks you through all the practical and theoretical aspects of writing a dissertation to help you produce a first-class work. This guide is ideal for any student in the broad range of the social sciences, from anthropology to law, psychology to media studies. From choosing a topic, to researching the literature, utilising your supervisor, managing your time, and structuring and writing your dissertation, you'll be able to avoid all the common mistakes and stay on top of your workload throughout the process. You'll also find tips on the best way to reference your work, and expert advice on presentation and binding. This is a must if you want to maximise your marks on your university dissertation.

Writing a Dissertation For Dummies covers:

Part I: What is a Dissertation?
Chapter 1: So You Have to Write a Dissertation
Chapter 2: Thinking About a Research Question

Part II: Getting Set Up for Your Dissertation

/> Chapter 3: The Structure of Your Dissertation
Chapter 4: Getting Started
Chapter 5: Finalising Your Research Question, Dissertation 'Type' And Considering Ethics
Chapter 6: Reading Efficiently and Taking Useful Notes

Part III: Getting On With Your Research
Chapter 7: Researching in Libraries and the Using the Internet
Chapter 8: Creating Your Own Empirical Data
Chapter 9: Analysing Data And Drawing Conclusions
Chapter 10: Staying on Track

Part IV: Writing and Polishing
Chapter 11: Managing Your Argument: 'Writing Up' Your Non-Empirical Dissertation
Chapter 12: Writing Up Your Empirical Dissertation
Chapter 13: Writing Effectively
Chapter 14: References, Bibliographies and Appendices
Chapter 15: Sorting Out The Presentation of Your Dissertation

Part V: Managing The Overall Experience
Chapter 16: Your Work Habits
Chapter 17: Looking After Yourself Physically and Emotionally
Chapter 18: Ten Common Dissertation Pitfalls to Avoid
Chapter 19: Ten Essential Tips For Completing Your Dissertation
Chapter 20: Ten Items For Your Very Final Checklist

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About The Author

Dr Carrie Winstanley is a Principal Lecturer in Education at Roehampton University, London, where she works with both undergraduate and postgraduate students. Carrie was recently named one of the Top 50 university teachers in the UK by the Higher Education Academy, for which she was awarded a national teaching fellowship.

Sample Chapters

writing a dissertation for dummies

CHEAT SHEET

Writing a dissertation shouldn’t mean panicking. If you plan ahead and know how to structure your work, you’ll achieve fantastic results. And guess what? You might even enjoy yourself; writing a dissertation can be a highly rewarding experience. Follow this guide to producing the best possible dissertation.Obeying the Dissertation Rules and RegulationsKeep yourself on the straight and narrow when writing your dissertation, not only because illegal practices can land you and your university or college in trouble, but also because you’re likely to get found out and marked down.

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Before you make any decisions about the content of your dissertation, take a good look at your own strengths and weaknesses in the “art” of research. UK research councils have produced guidelines for postgraduate students to help them audit their research skills. The following checklist adapts some of the research councils’ ideas and adds others to make the guidelines relevant to undergraduate students doing dissertations.
When writing your dissertation, references can be used in a variety of different ways for assorted purposes. You should be careful how you refer to different quotations. It would be an error to present somebody's opinion as if it were a fact, for example. To avoid making these mistakes, you need to be absolutely clear about the nature of the quotation or idea before deciding to use it in your work.
Your supervisor isn’t likely to have a preconceived view about the conclusions he’s expecting you to draw. In actual fact, the conclusion itself is less important than showing that you’ve used the requisite logic, reasoning and evidence in constructing your argument. In your conclusion, make every effort to ensure that you: Show that your findings are drawn from critical analysis Demonstrate links to your research question and original aims.
When it comes to writing up your conclusions there are three main types of conclusions to steer clear off at all costs – ‘long and bad’ – ‘short and bad’ – ‘bad and fantastic'. The ‘long and bad’ conclusion is rambling and merely repeating earlier parts of the dissertation without adding anything about what your findings say about the topic being reviewed.
In writing your dissertation, you’re likely to be taking a practical or a theoretical approach, even though both practical and theoretical considerations are of the utmost importance in social science research. For an undergraduate dissertation, your examiner is going to expect you to choose a largely theoretical or a mainly practical look at your chosen subject.
Whether your data is quantitative or qualitative you need to present your data in a way that can be easily understood by the examiner. While you’re initially surveying your collection of data, it may not be immediately obvious how best to lay out your data so that your reader can make sense of your ideas. Always use a method for displaying your data that’s appropriate to your sample size.
Social science studies (including your dissertation), are about individuals, communities and societies. Even though you’re not carrying out a case study, questionnaire or interview when doing your research for your dissertation, you’re bound to be looking at an issue that involves people – and before starting off you need to sort out any ethical matters connected with your research.
The Internet is both the best and the worst resource available to you for researching your dissertation. What’s great about the Internet is the incredible array of information. What’s worst about the Internet is that there’s no system in place for monitoring or testing if the information is reliable. It’s up to you, as well as being time-consuming, to judge the information you’re being presented with for relevance, usefulness, quality writing, or if the information is just plain wrong.
How your dissertation research interview goes depends on whether the interview is structured, semi-structured or unstructured. Which method you choose depends on what you want to find out, who you’re talking to and your own personal style. In the following table you can see some of the features and some of the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches to interviewing.
Carrying out a properly structured online search is essential for hitting on relevant information for your dissertation. You can systematically narrow down, widen or cut out irrelevant references by linking the words AND, OR, NOT to your initial set of references that you come up with. Here are some practical ways of structuring your search: Specifying the years you’re searching (for example, 2002–2007) Using a dictionary or thesaurus to ensure that you’re covering all the search terms Making use of keyword searches (or ‘scope notes’) for topics that use popular rather than academic terminology To help you widen the scope of your search, try adding an asterisk (*) to the stem of your word.
Nothing seems worse than having that cursor flashing at you in the top left-hand corner of a blank screen – it almost seems as if the cursor’s mocking you! Anyone who’s ever written anything substantial (like an essay for example) knows only too well the difficulty of getting that first paragraph down on the page and then being completely stuck.
Using an author’s ideas for inspiration, support and illustration is an expected part of your dissertation. However, trying to pass off another person’s ideas and words as your own is totally unacceptable. When you take the work of others (published or not) and present it as your own, without acknowledging the author, you’ve stolen the author’s work and this is plagiarism.
There are many different was to construct your arguments and present a logical dissertation. Degree programmes, fields of study, courses, modules and tutors vary with their attitudes to the use of the personal pronoun (I) in academic work. In some types of research, identifying yourself as a researcher and using ‘I’ is often absolutely essential, as your personal perspective is central to your argument.
It’s a good idea to have the contact details of the people in this list very handy when you’re writing your dissertation so you can call on them to help you out when necessary. Your tutor (or supervisor) Your course administration office people Any university or course support people The university library Any networks of fellow students or ‘academic’ friends who can help with work questions Your good mates with whom you can share reciprocal shoulder-crying, late night stressing and comfort sessions!
After thinking through your philosophical standpoint and the kinds of data you’re going to need for your dissertation, you should have a clear understanding of what your research question involves. Your research question defines your project and marks the boundaries of your work, driving your data collection and data analysis and giving your data a clear purpose.
Outlining your dissertation involves two main aspects: a practical list of what you need to do and a sketch of what you want to say. First, there is a list of 31 items that you can use as the basis of your own to-do list. Writing your to-do list is the easiest part of your dissertation, being just a list of tasks.
Having to write a dissertation proposal depends upon the university or institution that you’re attending. Even if a dissertation proposal isn’t a requirement, however, it’s a very useful exercise (and is certainly going to impress your supervisor, especially if it’s not part of your assessment). On some courses the research proposal is assessed and forms part of your final dissertation submission.
Many different ways exist to argue in a dissertation and what you choose to do depends on your research question, your field, and the available literature, amongst other things. However, some elements are to be expected in all fields regardless of the research question or the literature, and these include logic, coherence, careful use of evidence and clarity.
A dissertation is just an important sounding name for a long essay – based on your own research. Writing a dissertation is an exciting, challenging, rewarding and often wonderful experience. At the same time it can be exhausting, time-consuming, frustrating and exasperating. The main parts of your dissertation Most dissertations follow the same basic structure and are made up of five parts: an abstract, introduction, methods and discussion, conclusions and references.
A great way of getting the data you need for your dissertation research question is by interviewing people. You can approach interviewing in a number of ways; the methods you choose depend on what you’re trying to find out. The kinds of methods you can choose include: Life history Paired Formal In-depth Narrative Racial or cultural groups However, the most common interview methods used for undergraduate dissertations are one-to-one, semi-structured or structured methods and I’m focusing on these methods in the following sections.
Most dissertations follow the same basic structure and are made up of five parts: an abstract, introduction, methods and discussion, conclusions and references. Although the exact detail of each part can vary (such as the numbers of words allowed in the abstract), the inclusion of each part is standard and fixed.
A dissertation supervisor’s time is usually quite limited and so you need to get the best out of the precious time you have with your supervisor. Try to think about what you can do before, during and after your supervision to capitalise on the time spent with your supervisor. Before a dissertation supervision You have the appointment fixed up and you’re planning what you need to do.
Writing a dissertation is likely to be the biggest piece of work you’re going to tackle on your university course. To do your dissertation justice means spending a lot of your time and energy on your dissertation – and sometimes tears. It need come as no surprise that you’re expected to write a dissertation as part of your course having been given all the information about your course when you first started.
Keep yourself on the straight and narrow when writing your dissertation, not only because illegal practices can land you and your university or college in trouble, but also because you’re likely to get found out and marked down. You must keep your university regulations to hand as well as any course materials from your tutors about exact requirements.
The quality and clarity of your writing has a significant impact on how your dissertation is marked. Make sure that it packs a punch, and reflects the hard work you’ve put into your project. Here are some top tips. Contact your support services if you know you struggle with writing. Explain the nature of the difficulty to your supervisor (also suggest what you can do to help yourself).
Different working patterns work for different people. You need to find the balance that’s right for you while writing your dissertation. It’s a good idea to make sure you are: Working in a study space that is well-laid out. Being honest with yourself and the people around you about how you are getting on. Working and referring to a clear plan for the overall project (with extra time included for anything unforeseen that may pop up).
Settling on a research question might take some time, and you may find that you refine it slightly as you begin researching. A workable question should: Link clearly to your field of study. Be possible to summarise in two sentences. Have been agreed with and signed off by your supervisor. Still pique your interest.
Usually most dissertation supervisor–student relationships proceed without problems and need little attention. However, from time to time, relationships break down. If you find yourself in this situation you need to face up to the problem and deal with it. Ignoring the problem means you're in danger of losing out on passing your dissertation as well as feeling pretty miserable in the process.
When writing your dissertation, avoiding the following pitfalls will go a long way to help you enjoy a much smoother ride on your journey – and is a sure way of improving your chances of getting a good grade. Assume you’ve covered everything in your dissertation without checking If you’ve familiarised yourself with the details of your dissertation guidelines, checking them with your supervisor at each stage of your writing you’re sure of getting done everything you’ve been asked to do.
Many students doing a social science dissertation include empirical data (what you’ve found out) in their dissertation; some students analyse existing data; and a significant minority of students write theoretical papers, like an extended essay. You may have an idea of what you want to research and a sense of the viewpoint you’re coming from, but now you need more specific questions to answer.
The role of the dissertation supervisor is to guide you through the process of your research project. Your supervisor may or may not have taught you before, but what’s certain is that she’s done a dissertation (or two) before and will be able to help you with yours. Most courses do their best to allocate a dissertation supervisor at an early stage.
Writing a dissertation shouldn’t mean panicking. If you plan ahead and know how to structure your work, you’ll achieve fantastic results. And guess what? You might even enjoy yourself; writing a dissertation can be a highly rewarding experience. Follow this guide to producing the best possible dissertation.Obeying the Dissertation Rules and RegulationsKeep yourself on the straight and narrow when writing your dissertation, not only because illegal practices can land you and your university or college in trouble, but also because you’re likely to get found out and marked down.
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