How to Prove Trigonometric Identities When You Start Off with Fractions

When the trig expression you're given begins with fractions, most of the time you have to add (or subtract) them to get things to simplify. Here's one example of a proof where doing just that gets the ball rolling. Say you have to find the lowest common denominator (LCD) to add the two fractions in order to simplify this expression:

With that as the beginning step, follow along:

1. In order to add these fractions, you must find the LCD of the two fractions.

   The least common denominator is

   

   so multiply the first term by

   

   and multiply the second term by

   

   You get

   

2. Multiply or distribute in the numerators of the fractions.

   

3. Add the two fractions.

   

4. Look for any trig identities and substitute.

   You can rewrite the numerator as

   

   which is equal to

   

   because cos²t + sin²t = 1 (a Pythagorean identity).

5. Cancel or reduce the fraction.

   After the top and the bottom are completely factored, you can cancel terms:

   

6. Change any reciprocal trig functions.