Christopher Danielson

As a parent, you’re most likely to encounter the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (Common Core Standards for short) in the homework that your child brings home. The Common Core Standards are a set of statements about what students should know and be able to do at each grade level from kindergarten through high school.

In Common Core math, sixth graders apply their knowledge of factors and multiples to look for the greatest common factor (or GCF) of two numbers and the least common multiple (LCM) of two numbers. The greatest common factor of two numbers is the largest number that is a factor of both numbers. The first step in thinking about GCF is to think about common factors.

In fourth grade math, Common Core students begin to study how numbers are built from multiplication relationships. The important relationship here is between factors and multiples. A number's factors are all the whole numbers by which you can divide it with no remainder. For example, the factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.

Sixth grade is the first time that Common Core math students start to solve problems using variables and the property of equivalence (specifically, the distributive property). They typically use variables that closely match the values they represent, so s for side length, v for volume, and so on. They also notice that some expressions — even though they may look quite different — always have the same values as each other, and they explore this property, called equivalence.

A lot of misinformation is available about the Common Core Standards. These standards guide the math your child learns in school each year. In order to advocate for and to support your child, you need to be well informed. Here are some important facts that counter some of the common myths about the Common Core Standards.

In Common Core math, eighth grade is the first time students meet the term function. Mathematicians use the idea of a function to describe operations such as addition and multiplication, transformations of geometric figures, relationships between variables, and many other things. A function is a rule for pairing things up with each other.

One important change in the Common Core Math Standards is that students are expected to work through multi-digit computations by thinking about number relationships before they’re expected to follow standard algorithms. For parents who never had to think about their computations in school, this can make homework time a bit daunting.

Place value is an important concept to know for Common Core math. The fact that it took thousands of years for humans to develop a place value number system is an important sign that place value is difficult for people to learn. The usual way of writing numbers is a place value number system. In other words, a limited set of symbols (called digits) builds numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, and so on up to 9) and you can write all numbers using these symbols.

States, districts, schools, and teachers have invested a lot of time, money, and effort implementing the Common Core Math Standards — to say nothing of parents. Before the Common Core, each state wrote its own standards for math. Now, nearly all states have agreed on the mathematics students will study in school.