| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| LEFT | Extracts one or more characters from the left side of a text string |
| RIGHT | Extracts one or more characters from the right side of a text string |
| MID | Extracts characters from the middle of a text string; you specify which character position to start from and how many characters to include |
| CONCATENATE | Assembles two or more text strings into one |
| REPLACE | Replaces part of a text string with other text |
| LOWER | Converts a text string to all lowercase |
| UPPER | Converts a text string to all uppercase |
| PROPER | Converts a text string to proper case |
| LEN | Returns a text string’s length (number of characters) |
