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87 results for "John T. Moore"
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Electrochemical Cells: The Daniell Cell
Many of the things we deal with in life are related either directly or indirectly to electrochemical reactions. The Daniell cell is an electrochemical cell named after John Frederic Daniell, the British [more…]
Found in: Chemical Bonds -
The Combined Gas Law and Ideal Gas Law
When studying the properties of gases, you need to know the relationships between the variables of volume (V), pressure (P), Kelvin temperature (T), and the amount in moles [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
How to Distinguish Electrolytes from Nonelectrolytes
Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity in the molten state or when dissolved in water. Nonelectrolytes are substances that don’t conduct electricity when in these states. [more…]
Found in: Chemical Bonds -
Isotopes: Different Types of Atoms
Atoms in a chemical element that have different numbers of neutrons than protons and electrons are called isotopes. The atoms in a particular element have an identical number of protons and electrons but [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
Tackling Thermodynamics Problems
The Gibbs Free Energy is the best indicator about whether a reaction will be spontaneous or nonspontaneous. You'll need to know this as you study Chemistry II. It has the form: [more…]
Found in: Chemistry -
Nuclear Chemistry: Half-Lives and Radioactive Dating
Scientists look at half-life decay rates of radioactive isotopes to estimate when a particular atom might decay. A useful application of half-lives is [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
How to Distinguish Pure Substances and Mixtures
Chemists can classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas. But there are other ways to classify matter, as well — such as pure substances and mixtures. Classification is one of the basic processes in science [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
How to Balance Chemical Reactions in Equations
When you write an equation for a chemical reaction, the two sides of the equation should balance — you need the same number of each kind of element on both sides. If you carry out a chemical reaction and [more…]
Found in: Chemical Bonds -
Covalent Bonds: Types of Chemical Formulas
There are several types of chemical formulas that you can use to represent chemical bonds. These include empirical formulas, molecular (or true) formulas, and structural formulas. [more…]
Found in: Chemical Bonds -
How to Depict Electrons in Electron Configuration Notation
Chemists use electron configuration notation to depict electrons in chemical reactions and bonding. Electron configuration notation is easier to use than the quantum mechanical model. [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
What Are the Different Types of Energy?
Energy can take several forms — such as heat energy, light energy, electrical energy, and mechanical energy. But two general types of energy are especially important to chemists: kinetic energy and potential [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
Covalent Bonds: A Hydrogen Example
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that comes from the sharing of one or more electron pairs between two atoms. Hydrogen is an example of an extremely simple covalent compound. [more…]
Found in: Chemical Bonds -
Nuclear Fusion: The Hope for Our Energy Future
Nuclear fusion is essentially the opposite of nuclear fission. In fission, a heavy nucleus is split into smaller nuclei. With fusion, lighter nuclei are fused into a heavier nucleus. [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
How to Balance Redox Equations
Redox equations are often so complex that fiddling with coefficients to balance chemical equations doesn’t always work well. Chemists have developed an alternative method [more…]
Found in: Chemical Bonds -
The Process of Natural Radioactive Decay
Certain naturally occurring radioactive isotopes are unstable: Their nucleus breaks apart, undergoing nuclear decay. Sometimes the product of that nuclear decay is unstable itself and undergoes nuclear [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
Ionic Bonds: Why and How Ions Are Formed
Ionic bonding is the type of bonding that holds salts together. To better understand why and how ions — atoms that have a charge due to the loss or gain of electrons — are formed, you can study what happens [more…]
Found in: Chemical Bonds -
Reactants and Products in Chemical Reactions
In a chemical reaction, substances (elements and/or compounds) called reactants are changed into other substances (compounds and/or elements) called products [more…]
Found in: Chemical Bonds -
Multiple Bonds in Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonding is the sharing of one or more electron pairs. In many covalent bonding situations, multiple chemical bonds exist — more than one electron pair is shared. [more…]
Found in: Chemical Bonds -
The Periodic Table: Families and Periods
In the periodic table of elements, there are seven horizontal rows of elements called periods. The vertical columns of elements are called groups, or families [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
How to Represent Electrons in an Energy Level Diagram
Chemists sometimes use an energy level diagram to represent electrons when they’re looking at chemical reactions and bonding. An energy level diagram is more useful and easier to work with than quantum [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
Radioactivity and Man-Made Radioactive Decay
Radioactivity is the spontaneous decay of an unstable nucleus. An unstable nucleus may break apart into two or more other particles with the release of some energy. This breaking apart can occur in a number [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
How Would You Define Chemistry as a Science?
Chemistry is a branch of science that studies the composition and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes. Chemistry is far more than a collection of facts and a body of knowledge. It’s all about [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
The Nucleus: The Center of an Atom
The nucleus, that dense central core of the atom, contains both protons and neutrons. Electrons are outside the nucleus in energy levels. Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons [more…]
Found in: Chemistry Concepts -
Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers to Elements
Oxidation numbers are bookkeeping numbers. They allow chemists to do things such as balance redox (reduction/oxidation) equations. Oxidation numbers are positive or negative numbers, but don’t confuse [more…]
Found in: Chemical Bonds -
What Factors Affect the Speed of Chemical Reactions?
Kinetics is the study of the speed of a chemical reaction. Some chemical reactions are fast; others are slow. Sometimes chemists want to speed the slow ones up and slow the fast ones down. [more…]
Found in: Chemical Bonds
