Preparing an Emergency Car Kit
You can pack your toolbox with the best tools that money can buy, but all those fancy gadgets and gizmos won't do you any good if they're in your garage at home when your car breaks down 30 miles from civilization. Don't tempt fate: Keep these tools and materials onboard at all times:
- Rags: Rags should be clean and lint-free. Keep one in your glove compartment; you need it to wipe your oil or transmission dipstick.
- Spare parts: If you replace your spark plugs and your points, save the old ones if they're not too worn. Carry them in your trunk compartment toolbox for quick replacements if something goes wrong with those in your engine. The same goes for old, not-too-cruddy air filters, rotors, and other minor gizmos. A couple of extra nuts, bolts, and screws also help, in case you lose the ones you have or strip them accidentally.
- Spare tire: Check your spare tire often. If your spare is worn beyond belief, most garages will sell you a not-too-hideous secondhand tire at a low price.
- Lug wrench: A lug wrench is sometimes provided, along with a jack, on new cars. You use it to remove the wheel or lug nuts when you change your tires. If you buy a lug wrench, get the cross-shaft kind, which gives you more leverage.
- Jumper cables: Sometimes the success or failure of an attempt to jump a start depends on the quality of the jumper cables and their grips. Make sure you pay a little extra for a quality set of cables.
- Snow and ice equipment: If you live in an area that's cold in winter, try to carry tire chains or a bag of sand in case you find yourself dealing with icy conditions. A small shovel may prove useful for digging your tires out, and a scraper can clear your windshield if you've been parked in the snow and it's iced over. A can of de-icing fluid is useful in icy weather.
- Flashlights and reflectors: A flashlight is always a good addition to your glove compartment. It can enable you to see under the hood if your car breaks down and can serve as an emergency light for oncoming traffic if you have to stop on the road for repairs. A flashlight with a red blinker is safest for this purpose. Of course, you have to be sure to put in fresh batteries now and then or to carry a couple of extras.
An inexpensive set of reflector triangles can save your life by making your stopped vehicle visible on the road. You can use flares, but they can be dangerous, and many states have rules regarding their use on highways.
- First-aid kit: Keeping a first-aid kit in your vehicle is a good idea. Choose one that's equipped with a variety of bandages, tweezers, surgical tape, antibiotic ointment, something soothing for burns, and a good antiseptic. You can find one of these kits for very little money at a drugstore or an auto parts store.
- Hand cleaner: Most hand cleaners are basically grease solvents. They range from heavy-duty stuff that removes the skin along with the grease, to soothing, good-smelling creams that leave your skin feeling reborn, to precleaners that you put on your hands before you start working so that the grease slides off easily afterward. Some of these cleaners can also be rubbed into work clothes to remove grease and oil stains before you launder them.
- Gloves: Keep a pair of gloves in the car for emergencies. Thin, tough, and comfortable dishwashing gloves are available at any discount store or supermarket. They cost little and keep the grease from under your fingernails. One problem, however, is that gasoline or solvent may melt them. If you prefer, industrial rubber gloves, available at swimming pool supply stores, aren't affected by gasoline, solvent, or battery acid.
- Spare tools: If you can't carry your toolbox in your car all the time, try to leave a couple of screwdrivers, some standard-size combination wrenches, an adjustable wrench, and a can of penetrating oil in your trunk compartment. Some very handy gizmos that combine a variety of basic tools into one all-purpose, weird-looking instrument are also available.
- Hat: To keep the dust and grease out of your hair, and to prevent long hair from being caught in moving parts, wear a hat that you can afford to get dirty. A wooly watch cap or a baseball hat worn backwards works just fine.
- Cellular phone: This device is useful when you're stuck on a road somewhere with a dead car or when you have an accident. You can call your loved ones or friends for help or call the auto club (some cell phones have an AAA or 911 call button) or the police.
- Miscellaneous stuff: A roll of duct tape, a roll of electrician's tape, a sharp knife, and scissors also come in handy.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
accessory belt; drive belt
A V-shaped or flat serpentine belt that’s driven by a crankshaft pulley and transmits kinetic energy to various accessories, such as the alternator, air conditioning compressor, fan, power-steering pump, and water pump.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
air filter
The element in the air cleaner that removes impurities from the air. Most air filters are disposable, although some aftermarket types can be cleaned and reused.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
alternator
An engine part that generates electric current that’s stored in the battery and used to start the car and run the electrical equipment.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
automatic transmission
A transmission that selects gears automatically, either by means of a hydraulic converter and a system of bands and clutches, or with an electronic transmission controller.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
battery
A box filled with a solution of water and acid called electrolyte. The box contains metal plates that store current generated by the alternator and deliver it to the parts of the car that operate electrically.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
block heaters
Devices that keep the engine warm in very cold weather when a vehicle isn’t used. These are especially important for starting diesel engines at extremely low temperatures.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
brake booster; power booster
In a vehicle with power brakes, a brake booster is located between the brake pedal and the master cylinder to increase the force applied to the pistons in the master cylinder.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
brake fluid
The liquid used in the hydraulic brake system to stop or slow the car.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
brake lines
A system of hoses and metal tubes through which the brake fluid flows from the master cylinder to the brakes at each wheel.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
brake lining
A high-friction material that’s attached to the brake pad or brake shoe. When the pad is pressed against the disc, or the shoe is pressed against the brake drum, the lining grabs the disc or the inside of the drum, which slows the wheel and thus the car.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
brake shoes
Curved pieces of metal on which are bonded high-friction brake linings that are forced against the brake drums to slow or stop the car.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
carburetor
A device that vaporizes fuel and mixes it with air in proper quantities to suit the varying needs of the engine. Carburetors have been replaced by fuel-injection systems on most vehicles built since 1990.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
catalytic converter
A pollution-control device that consumes unburned gas in the tailpipe and reduces nitrogen oxide emissions.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
clutch
In a manual transmission, a device that disconnects the engine from the transmission to allow the driver to change gears and then allows the engine and transmission to resume contact and turn together at a new speed. In an automatic transmission, a clutch performs a similar function.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
cold air collector box
A rectangular box that contains the air filter. It performs the same function as the air cleaner.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
compression gauge
A device used to check the amount of pressure created in a cylinder when the piston is at its highest point and is squeezing the fuel/air mixture into the smallest possible space.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
coolant; antifreeze
An ethylene glycol or propylene glycol solution that raises the boiling point and lowers the freezing point of the water in the cooling system, prevents rust and corrosion, and lubricates the water pump.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
cylinder
A hollow, tube-shaped pipe in the engine block in which the piston rides up and down to compress the fuel/air mixture that drives the engine.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
cylinder head
The part of the engine above the engine block that contains the combustion chambers and the valves. The spark plugs screw into the top or side of the cylinder head.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
diesel engine
An engine that burns diesel fuel instead of gasoline.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
diesel fuel; diesel oil
Fuel for cars with diesel engines. It’s similar to home heating oil, kerosene, and jet fuel.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
dipstick
A metal stick that’s inserted into a reservoir to check the level of the fluid in the reservoir by means of markings on the stick. The most common dipsticks check the levels of engine oil, transmission fluid, and power-steering fluid.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
disc brakes
Brakes that have calipers with high-friction brake pads, which grab a brake disc (sometimes called a rotor) attached to the wheel and force it to stop turning, thus stopping the car.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
distributor
The part of the ignition system that distributes the proper amount of electrical voltage to each spark plug in the correct sequence. This task is now performed electronically on distributorless ignition systems.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
distributor cap
A cap that over the distributor that has an outlet for each spark plug wire, plus an outlet where the wire from the ignition coil enters the cap to conduct high-voltage electrical current to the rotor.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
drive train
The path of power from the engine to the drive wheels. Consists of the clutch, transmission, driveshaft, differential, and the axle on which the drive wheels are situated.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
drum brakes
Brakes that use hydraulic pressure to force curved brake shoes against the inner walls of a hollow metal drum attached to each wheel.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
engine block; cylinder block
The cast iron, aluminum, or ceramic block in which the cylinders and the crankshaft are located.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
engine control unit; ECU
The most powerful computer onboard a modern vehicle, also called a powertrain control module (PCM). Controls most engine functions and processes signals from the various engine, emissions, and related sensors.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
feeler gauge
A device for measuring the distance, or gap, between two surfaces, such as between the center and side electrodes on a spark plug.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
firing order
The sequence in which the cylinders fire on a particular engine to distribute the shock of combustion evenly and to reduce engine vibrations.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
fuel filter
A device that removes impurities from the fuel before it gets to the fuel injection system. In fuel-injected cars, the filter is found either in the fuel line under the car, or mounted on the firewall.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
fuel injection
A fuel system without a carburetor that employs an electronic fuel management system to deliver a specific amount of fuel to each combustion chamber in response to changes in engine speed and driving conditions.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
fuses
Fuses protect the electrical components and wiring on your vehicle the same way they do in your home. They’re located in a fuse box (or boxes) that usually are found under or near the dashboard or under the hood.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
gap
The space between the spark plug electrodes. Adjusting this space is called gapping.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
head gasket
The seal between the cylinder head and the engine block. This gasket keeps the coolant out of the cylinders and free from contamination by exhaust gases.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
hybrid
An alternatively fueled vehicle that combines a small internal combustion engine and an electric motor to get maximum power with minimum emissions and maximum fuel economy.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
internal combustion engine
An engine that works on power released by vaporized fuel and air burning inside the engine itself, rather than on an outside source of combustion as, for example, a steam engine does.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
jumper cables
Cables used start a car with a dead battery by conducting current from another battery.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
manual transmission; standard transmission
A vehicle transmission system in which gears are selected by the driver by means of a hand-operated gearshift and a foot-operated clutch.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
master cylinder
A device that stores brake fluid and hydraulically forces it through the brake lines to the brakes when you step on the brake pedal.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
oil filter
A can-shaped device that screws onto the outside of the crankcase and cleans the oil as it circulates through a vehicle's lubrication system.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
power brakes
A brake system that uses a brake booster (or power booster) to make braking easier.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
power steering
A device that uses hydraulic power to help the driver steer more easily.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
pressure cap
A radiator cap on a coolant recovery system or radiator that allows the cooling system to operate under pressure at higher temperatures for greater efficiency.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
radiator
A device that cools the liquid in the cooling system by allowing it to circulate through a series of water channels that are exposed to air ducts.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
shock absorbers
Devices located near each wheel to cut down the vertical bouncing of the passenger compartment on the springs after the wheels go over a bump or the vehicle stops short.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
spark plug
A device that delivers an electrical spark to an engine's combustion chamber, igniting the fuel/air mixture that produces the power that drives the engine.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
spark plug gap
The space between the center and side spark plug electrodes, across which the spark must jump to ignite the fuel/air mixture in the engine's combustion chamber.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
starter
A small electrical motor that causes the engine crankshaft to begin to turn, which starts the engine running and so starts the car.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
starter solenoid
A device that uses electrical current to start and engage the starter.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
thermostat
A device that keeps the hot coolant confined to the engine cooling passages to help the engine warm up more quickly. After the engine has warmed up, the thermostat allows the coolant to flow to the radiator, where it’s cooled and recirculated through the engine to prevent overheating.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
throw-out bearing; clutch release bearing
A part of the clutch, activated by the clutch pedal, that allows the clutch to disengage. If you allow the car to idle in gear with the clutch pedal pressed instead of shifting to Neutral, you can wear out the throw-out bearing.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
transmission fluid
A thin oil that fills the automatic transmission so that it can run on hydraulic pressure. It’s also found in many power-steering pumps.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
tune-up
The process of replacing a vehickle's fuel filters, air filters, and spark plugs to ensure that air, fuel, and spark are available in good condition to obtain maximum engine efficiency.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
water pump
A device that circulates liquid through the cooling system by pumping it from the engine water jackets to the radiator.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
water separators
A device found on diesel vehicles that removes any water that may have contaminated the diesel fuel.

Auto Repair & Maintenance Glossary
wheel bearings
The inner and outer bearings found at each wheel that cushion the contact between the wheel and the spindle it sits on.
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