Obtaining a Liquor License for Your Bar
Every bar that serves liquor must have a license to do so. Different agencies regulate the process in different states. Make sure you start the process of getting your license early in the timeline of starting up your bar. Depending on the system in your area, getting this license could take a year or more.
The cost of a liquor license varies greatly. The application fee and taxes involved may be only a few hundred dollars. But because many communities limit the number of liquor licenses, you may need to buy one from an existing bar (like the one you're taking over perhaps) or even a license broker, which can wind up costing thousands of dollars. When buying and transferring a liquor license, make sure you have a lawyer who has gone through the process, and ask questions until you understand everything.
Sometimes a town will issue a new license when the population increases. Go to the town government to find out whether you can acquire a license this way and, if so, find out the bidding process. These licenses are usually awarded on a blind bidding scale, sold to the highest bidder. Again, consult with an attorney to walk you through the process.
Most licenses are valid for a year and require an initial license fee. If you maintain good standing with your local agency, you can probably get an automatic renewal for a smaller annual renewal fee. If, however, someone has filed complaints against you for overserving patrons alcoholic beverages, serving minors, or violating other terms of the license, your license may be revoked.
Your local governing agency offers liquor licenses in different classes. What kind of establishment you have determines what kind of license you need and how much you pay for it. The class of license you need depends completely on what you serve, where you serve it, how you serve it, and whom you serve it to.
Here's a list of the broad, common classes of licenses used in many areas. They may be called something different in your area.
- Tavern: Some states require taverns to offer a food menu, but others don't. If you serve food but half of your sales are alcohol, your state government may require you to apply for a tavern license. In some states, no such separate license exists.
- Beer and wine: This license allows you to serve only beer and wine. Licensees cannot sell liquor or distilled spirits. In some areas, smaller restaurants (40 to 100 seats) can get only this type of license.
- Restaurant: This license usually requires that only a certain percentage of your sales come from alcohol. States have varying percentages, but most requirements fall somewhere around 40 percent. Some states have a minimum number of seats required for your establishment to qualify for this license. A restaurant license usually allows you to serve beer, wine, and liquor. Some people call it an all-liquor license for that reason.
- Club: Private clubs, such as country clubs, golf clubs, and so on, are eligible for a separate license allowing them to serve alcohol to their members. Some states only allow beer and wine in clubs, but others allow for all liquor.
In certain counties, local governments mandate that alcohol may not be sold within its borders. These counties are known as dry counties. Most dry counties include an exemption for private clubs, so some creative owners get club licenses and then create a not-terribly-exclusive policy, selling membership cards to their patrons ($1 for a lifetime membership, for example), so they can then sell them cocktails.
- Brewpub: Many places brew their own beer, and in some states, you need a separate license to serve it to the public. Check your local agency for details.
Some states issue an alternating premises, or AP, liquor license for places like wineries and breweries that allows these establishments to brew and ferment alcohol at certain times and serve patrons at other times.
- Eating place: This license is usually reserved for carryout places, such as delis, that may serve food but offer a small amount of carryout beer. Usually, you can only sell beer with this license, and you are restricted in the amount you can sell to each customer (one six-pack per customer, for example).
- Retail: A retail license applies to grocery stores, drugstores, liquor stores, or any other retail establishments that sell bottles of liquor.
Some states offer a few other classes, such as hotel and restaurant, bed and breakfast, arts (for places like theaters that sell alcohol during intermission), and wholesale (for companies that sell liquor to bars and restaurants).

Small Business Glossary
accounts payable
A type of short-term operating liability of a business, in which you record the amounts owed to vendors or suppliers for the purchase of products, supplies, parts, and services that you buy on credit.

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accounts receivable
The short-term asset in which you record the amounts owed to your business from sales of products and services on credit to your customers.

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accrual
The process of adding periodically to an asset or debt, usually as a percentage over time.

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adverse opinion
An audit opinion (usually presented by a CPA) that says that accounting statements as a whole don't present results fairly or don't conform with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) of the United States.

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affiliate program
An agreement by which you contract to place ads on another business's Web site and pay that business when a visitor to the business's site clicks through to or purchases something from your site.

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American cut
A style of men's suit that has two or three buttons, a center-vented jacket with natural shoulders, and pants with a straight line.

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amortization
The allocation of the cost of an intangible asset over its expected useful life to the business.

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architecture
The relationship between your business and your brand that forms a single, understandable entity.

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asset
All things owned by the business, such as cash, buildings, vehicles, furniture, and any other item that's used to run the business.

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audit
A formal, often periodic examination and checking of accounts or financial records to verify their correctness.

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balance
1. An equal amount of debits and credits in an account. 2. The remainder in an account when debits are paid.

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balance sheet
A record of the financial situation of a business on a particular date that lists the business's assets and the claims against those assets.

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banner ad
A graphical Web advertising unit, usually measuring 468 pixels wide by 60 pixels tall.

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blast e-mail
A form of online advertising that's similar to direct-mail collateral advertising; anti-spam regulations apply.

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bond
1. An interest-bearing certificate issued by a business, promising to pay the holder a specified sum on a specified date. 2. A strong, durable white writing paper of high quality.

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brand
1. (noun) A promise about what your business is and what benefits it delivers that gets reinforced every time people come in contact with any facet of your business. 2. (verb) The process of building a positive collection of perceptions in your customers' minds.

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British cut
A style of men's suit that has a side-vented or unvented jacket with square shoulders and a tapered waist, and pants that are relatively narrow.

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business promise
A written summary of the positive difference you deliver to all who deal with your business.

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buzz
A form of marketing that uses high-profile entertainment or news to get people to talk about your brand.

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capital
The ratio of your business's debt to assets or equity.

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capital expenditure
Money spent to replace and improve business facilities, not for operating expenses.

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cash disbursement
The transfer of funds from a central account to diverse accounts to effect more efficient cash management.

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cash flow
The cash generated by a business's operations to produce and sell its products.

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certified management accountant; CMA
A designation of professional accounting achievement sponsored by the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), which isn't regulated by the government.

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certified public accountant; CPA
An accountant who has met educational and experience requirements and has passed a national uniform exam to qualify for a state license.

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click-through
A situation in which a Web user sees your online ad and clicks on it to take him or her directly to your business's Web site.

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cobrand
1. (verb) Capitalizing on the benefits of two compatible brands that present similarly desirable attributes to consumers by combining those brands. 2. (noun) The combined brands of two separate businesses.

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collateral advertising
A stand-alone advertising vehicle, such as brochures, newsletters, and electronic direct mail.

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contingent worker
An employee who works in your business on a temporary basis.

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cooperative; co-op
1. A business designed so that customers who purchase from it actually own a portion of the business. 2. An agreement in which many suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors of various major products and goods offer advertising money to their retailers.

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copy
The actual words in an advertisement, distinct from the layout, picture, music, and so on.

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copyright
1. (noun) Protection provided by the government to the creators of original works, giving the owners of the copyright the exclusive right to reproduce the work and protect its use. 2. (verb) To apply government protection to original work you created.

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corporation
A business structure that establishes the business as a separate legal entity, which protects its owners' personal assets from claims against the business.

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cult brand
A brand that consumers have adopted, taking ownership of that brand, and its product or service.

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demographics
The characteristics of a population (such as age, gender, income, and so on) collected or used for market research.

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depreciate
To allocate a fixed asset's cost over three or more years, based on its estimated useful life to the business.

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direct selling
A business format in which you sell consumer products or services in a person-to-person manner, away from a specific retail location.

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disclosure
Information provided in a financial report, in addition to the information in the financial statements.

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distributor
A business that buys products from wholesalers (and sometimes from manufacturers) and resells them to direct-sales organizations, brokers, and dealer.

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embezzlement; larceny
A form of fraud that involves the illegal use of funds by a person who controls those funds.

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equity
All the money and assets invested in a business by its owners.

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ethnocentric
Based on the religion, culture, and social norms of one's own environment without consideration of the many differences between cultures and ethnicities.

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exposure
The number of times a consumer has the opportunity to see an advertisement.

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Federal Trade Commission; FTC
A U.S. federal agency whose duty is to investigate unfair methods of competition in business, fraudulent advertising, and so on, and to restrain or prosecute those charged with such practices.

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fixed asset
An informal term for the long-lived physical resources used by a business in conducting its operations, which include land, equipment, furniture, and vehicles.

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fixed cost
Expenses or costs that remain unchanged over the short run and don't vary with changes in sales volume or sales revenue.

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focus group
A gathering of customers or prospective customers who share input about a product or marketing idea with a professional moderator who guides the conversation and prompts input.

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franchise
An agreement in which one business grants another business the right to distribute its products or services.

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generally accepted accounting principles; GAAP
The authoritative standards and approved accounting methods that businesses in the United States should use when drafting their financial statements.

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going concern
A currently operating business that's expected to continue to function as such and remain viable for the foreseeable future.

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gross margin
Sales revenue minus the costs of goods sold for a certain period.

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infringe
To violate the terms of an agreement or disregard others' rights, such as with a copyright or patent.

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intangible
Any asset a business owns that has value but can't be touched, such as licenses, patents, and trademarks.

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Italian cut
A style of men's suit that has an unvented jacket with padded shoulders and relatively full pants.

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liability
A debt your business owes, such as vendor bills and bank loans.

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limited liability company; LLC
A business structure in which has ownership and IRS tax rules similar to that of a sole proprietorship or partnership, but the owners can't be held personally liable if the business is sued.

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loss leader
A product or service that a business sells cheaply or below cost in order to attract customers.

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margin
A business's sales revenue minus the cost of goods sold expense and minus all variable expenses; in other words, margin is profit before fixed expenses are deducted.

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mission statement
A written summary of your business's goals and values.

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monarch paper
High-quality paper that's slightly smaller than standard-size paper, used for personal business letters, with the employee's name and the business's address printed on it.

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operating cycle
The period of time between the acquisition of goods and the revenue resulting from sales and subsequent collections.

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partnership; firm
A business owned by more than one person in which each partner in the business is equally liable for the activities of the business.

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patent
1. (noun) An official document that grants the exclusive right to produce, sell, or get profit from an invention or process for a certain number of years. 2. (verb) To obtain this official document.

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pickup rate
A discounted rate for ad placement in a newspaper, which newspapers give in return for running the same ad two or more times in the same week.

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profit
Sales revenue (and other sources of income) minus expenses (and losses) for a period.

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proxemics
The study of how people use and structure space or spatial arrangements.

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public relations; PR
All the activities — including employee, community, industry, and government relations; customer and prospect communications; publicity; and even crisis management — that marketers use to build and develop a favorable image of a brand.

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pyramid scheme
A fraudulent direct-selling organization which only recruits distributors — and collects fees from them — without also selling products so that the creators can unlawfully take all the distributors' money.

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qualified opinion
An audit opinion that states that, except for the effect of a matter to which a qualification relates, the financial statements are fairly presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).

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quan xi
A Chinese phrase that means the quality and integrity of a business relationship.

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revenue
All money collected in the process of selling a business's goods and services.

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Sarbanes-Oxley
A wide-ranging U.S. corporate reform legislation act that lays down stringent procedures regarding the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures, places restrictions on auditors providing non-audit services, and obliges top executives to verify their accounts personally.

Small Business Glossary
security
A financial instrument that shows ownership, such as stocks or bonds.

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sell-through
An advertising campaign that encourages immediate sales.

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sexual harassment
Any unwelcome physical, visual, or verbal sexual advance, or a request for sexual favors, that interferes with the victim's job performance.

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share
Evidence of ownership that represents an equal proportion of a business's capital.

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skyscraper
A vertical banner ad.

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soft skill
An ability, such as conflict management or team building, that's defined in terms of expected outcomes rather than as a specific method or technique.

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sole proprietor
A person who owns a business individually and who is personally liable for the activities of the business.

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solvency
The ability of a business to pay its liabilities on time.

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source document
Evidence (such as a deposit slip or invoice) of a business dealing; critical in constructing an audit trail.

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spin
A particular emphasis or slant imparted to information in order to create a desired effect.

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stock
A share of a particular publicly traded business, which gives the stockholder a proportionate share in ownership of that business.

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tagline
A memorable phrase that provides consumers with a quick indication of your business's product, brand, and market position.

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tangible
An asset owned by the business that can be touched, such as cash, inventory, or vehicles.

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trademark
A word, phrase, symbol, design, or a combination of these used to identify and distinguish a business and its products or services.

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turnover
When employees leave a business to work elsewhere.

Small Business Glossary
unqualified opinion
An audit opinion that the auditor may issue only when the business being audited has no identified material weaknesses and the scope of the auditor's work hasn't been restricted.

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variance
Official permission to bypass regulations, usually in regards to zoning laws.

Small Business Glossary
venture capital
Funds invested or available for investment at considerable risk of loss in potentially highly profitable enterprises.

Small Business Glossary
viral
A form of marketing that creates entertaining or informative messages that are designed to be passed along by "wor of mouth," often electronically.

Small Business Glossary
vision statement
A written definition of your business's long-term aspirations.

Small Business Glossary
wholesaler
A business opportunity in which you buy products directly from manufacturers, mark up the price, and sell them to retailers.

Small Business Glossary
write down; write off
To reduce the book value of an asset, usually because of depreciation or a decline in market value.

Small Business Glossary
zoning
How the government regulates the approved uses for land.
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