You can also mix relative and absolute references so that, when you move or copy a formula, the row changes but the column does not, or vice versa.
Preceding the row and/or column designators with a dollar sign ($) specifies an absolute reference in Excel.
Example | Comment |
---|---|
=A1 | Complete relative reference |
=$A1 | The column is absolute; the row is relative |
=A$1 | The column is relative; the row is absolute |
=$A$1 | Complete absolute reference |